EP1001655A2 - Heater with PTC and fixed resistance elements - Google Patents
Heater with PTC and fixed resistance elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1001655A2 EP1001655A2 EP99308933A EP99308933A EP1001655A2 EP 1001655 A2 EP1001655 A2 EP 1001655A2 EP 99308933 A EP99308933 A EP 99308933A EP 99308933 A EP99308933 A EP 99308933A EP 1001655 A2 EP1001655 A2 EP 1001655A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- resistance heating
- heater
- relatively
- variable resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
- H05B3/845—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/006—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using interdigitated electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
Definitions
- a heater includes:
- Dual heater 10 includes heater pad 12 which acts as a substrate upon which subsequent layers comprising the heating elements and possibly a dielectric layer are superimposed, as will be explained hereinbelow.
- Fixed resistance serpentine heater element 14 (also see Figure 4) is typically screen printed onto a first side of heater pad 12 and is in electrical communication through high power positive terminal 18 and common ground terminal 20 thereby forming an electrical circuit therethrough.
- FIG 2 is a plan view of PTC conductor layer 22 which is in electrical communication with low power positive terminal 16 and common ground terminal 20 and which further Includes parallel rows of conductor elements 23.
- PTC conductor layer 22 provides an electrical connection to PTC thermistor layer 24 as shown in Figure 3.
- PTC conductor layer 22 is immediately adjacent to PTC thermistor layer 24 to provide such an electrical connection.
- the variable resistance as a function of temperature is provided by the inherent characteristics of the PTC thermistor layer 24 in which the thermistor heating elements 25 are provided in parallel rows which contact the parallel rows of conductor elements 23.
- Conductor elements 23 are typical perpendicular to thermistor heating elements 25.
- Fixed resistance serpentine heater element 14 is separated from the combination of the PTC conductor layer 22 and PTC thermistor layer 24 by either the heater pad 12 (that is, fixed resistance serpentine heater element 14 is screen printed on the first side of the heater pad 12, and variable resistance PTC conductor and thermistor layers 22, 24 are formed on a second side of heater pad 12) or by dielectric layer 26 illustrated in Figure 5 (that is, fixed resistance serpentine heater element 14 and the PTC conductor and thermistor layers 22, 24 are formed on a single side of heater pad 12 with dielectric layer 26 separating heater element 14 from the combination of PTC conductor and thermistor layers 22, 24).
- a switchable three point connection (not shown) is used with terminals 16, 18, 20 to provide for high and low power settings.
- an electrical circuit is formed between low power positive terminal 16 and ground terminal 20 thereby providing an electrical circuit through PTC conductor layer 22 and PTC thermistor layer 24.
- This provides a low power, self-regulating heat source for use in high ambient temperature or low heat transfer situations.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Abstract
A heater (10) includes a relatively fixed resistance
heating element (14) for providing a greater heating rate
at lower ambient temperatures and/or high heat transfer
environments. The heater further includes a relatively
variable resistance heating PTC (positive temperature
coefficient) element (23, 25) which has a resistance which
increases in response to increased temperature, thereby
providing self-regulation by way of reduced heat at
increased temperatures. The relatively fixed (14) and
variable resistance heating elements (23, 25) are typically
provided on opposite sides of a heating pad (12), but may
be separated by a dielectric layer (26) and both formed on
a single side of the heating pad (12).
Description
- This invention pertains to a heater pad which includes both a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) heater element and a fixed resistance heater element.
- In the prior art, fixed resistance heaters are basic elements. However, in higher ambient temperature or lower heat transfer environments, such heaters can overheat. An example of a dual wattage heater using fixed resistance elements is a KANTHAL 4010 NR 410-1100. PTC (positive temperature coefficient) heaters, such as those disclosed in U.S.-A-4,857,711, have a resistance which increases in response to increasing temperatures. This increased resistance fundamentally reduces the power output in the face of constant input voltage. However, users in several applications prefer a heater with multiple settings (such as "high" and "low") which is typically not available in a PTC heater.
- Preferably a heater pad is provided with a heater pad with a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) heater printed on a first side of the heater pad and a secondary fixed resistance heater screen printed on the second side of the heater pad. Terminal connections are made by an eyelet acting as a through hole to create, a switchable three-point connection to be used for high and low power setting. Altexnatively, a multl-layer single sided screen printed heater can be used with a dielectric layer to separate the two individual heater elements.
- According to this invention a heater includes:
- a heating pad providing a substrate;
- a relatively fixed resistance heating element; and
- a relatively variable resistance heating element with an inherent increasing resistance in response to increasing temperatures; and wherein said relatively fixed resistance heating element and said relatively variable resistance heating element are supported by said heating pad.
-
- A particular embodiment in accordance with this invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings; in which:-
- Figure 1 is a plan view of the heater of the present invention;
- Figure 2 is a plan view of the PTC conductor layer of the present invention;
- Figure 3 is a plan view of the PTC thermistor layer of the present invention;
- Figure 4 is a plan view of the fixed resistance layer of the present invention; and
- Figure 5 is a plan view of the dielectric layer which can be used in the alternative embodiment of the present invention to separate the PTC layer and the fixed resistance layer.
-
- Referring now to the drawings in detail wherein like numerals refer to like elements throughout the several views, one sees that Figure 1 is a plan view of
dual heater 10.Dual heater 10 includesheater pad 12 which acts as a substrate upon which subsequent layers comprising the heating elements and possibly a dielectric layer are superimposed, as will be explained hereinbelow. Fixed resistance serpentine heater element 14 (also see Figure 4) is typically screen printed onto a first side ofheater pad 12 and is in electrical communication through high powerpositive terminal 18 andcommon ground terminal 20 thereby forming an electrical circuit therethrough. - Figure 2 is a plan view of
PTC conductor layer 22 which is in electrical communication with low powerpositive terminal 16 andcommon ground terminal 20 and which further Includes parallel rows ofconductor elements 23.PTC conductor layer 22 provides an electrical connection toPTC thermistor layer 24 as shown in Figure 3.PTC conductor layer 22 is immediately adjacent toPTC thermistor layer 24 to provide such an electrical connection. The variable resistance as a function of temperature is provided by the inherent characteristics of thePTC thermistor layer 24 in which thethermistor heating elements 25 are provided in parallel rows which contact the parallel rows ofconductor elements 23.Conductor elements 23 are typical perpendicular tothermistor heating elements 25. Fixed resistanceserpentine heater element 14 is separated from the combination of thePTC conductor layer 22 andPTC thermistor layer 24 by either the heater pad 12 (that is, fixed resistanceserpentine heater element 14 is screen printed on the first side of theheater pad 12, and variable resistance PTC conductor andthermistor layers dielectric layer 26 illustrated in Figure 5 (that is, fixed resistanceserpentine heater element 14 and the PTC conductor andthermistor layers heater pad 12 withdielectric layer 26 separatingheater element 14 from the combination of PTC conductor andthermistor layers 22, 24). - Typically a switchable three point connection (not shown) is used with
terminals - In the low power configuration, an electrical circuit is formed between low power
positive terminal 16 andground terminal 20 thereby providing an electrical circuit throughPTC conductor layer 22 andPTC thermistor layer 24. This provides a low power, self-regulating heat source for use in high ambient temperature or low heat transfer situations. - In the high power configuration, an electric circuit is formed between high power
positive terminal 18 andground terminal 20 thereby providing an electrical circuit through the fixed resistanceserpentine heater element 14. This provides a high power, relatively non-regulating heat source for low ambient temperatures (such as below 32° F 0°C.) or high heat transfer situations.
Claims (8)
- A heater including:a heating pad (12) providing a substrate;a relatively fixed resistance heating element (14); anda relatively variable resistance heating element (23, 25) with an inherent increasing resistance in response to increasing temperatures; andwherein said relatively fixed resistance heating element (14) and said relatively variable resistance heating element (23, 25) are supported by said heating pad (12).
- A heater according to claim 1, wherein said heating pad (12), said relatively fixed resistance heating element (14) and said relatively variable resistance heating element (23, 25) are substantially coplanar with each other.
- A heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said relatively fixed resistance heating element (14) is in electrical communication with a first positive terminal (16) and a common ground terminal (20) and said relatively variable resistance heating element (23, 25) is in electrical communication with a second positive terminal (18) and said common ground terminal (20).
- A heater according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said relatively variable resistance heating element includes a conductor layer (23) and a thermistor layer (25).
- A heater according to claim 4, wherein said conductor layer includes parallel rows of conductor elements (23) and said thermistor layer includes parallel rows (25) of thermistor elements, said parallel rows of conductor elements (23) being in electrical contact with and perpendicular to said parallel rows (25) of thermistor elements.
- A heater according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said relatively fixed resistance heating element (14) is screen printed onto a first side of said heating pad (12).
- A heater according to claim 6, wherein said relatively variable resistance heating element (23, 25) is formed on a second side of said heating pad (12).
- A heater according to claim 6, wherein said relatively fixed resistance heating element (14) is separated from said relatively variable resistance heating element (23, 25) by a dielectric layer (26) and one of said relatively fixed resistance heating element (14) and said relatively variable resistance heating element (23, 25) is joined to said heating pad (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18938298A | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | |
US189382 | 1998-11-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1001655A2 true EP1001655A2 (en) | 2000-05-17 |
Family
ID=22697099
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99308933A Withdrawn EP1001655A2 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-11-09 | Heater with PTC and fixed resistance elements |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1001655A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000150114A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20000035181A (en) |
AU (1) | AU5832199A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9907538A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2289142A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002060309A1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-08-08 | Alper Srl | Warming device for towels |
WO2004047493A1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-06-03 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
US7205510B2 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2007-04-17 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ltd. | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
EP3532762A4 (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2020-07-22 | Tech Design LLC | Systems and methods for heating equipment in hazardous environments |
CN112555975A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-26 | 广东美的环境电器制造有限公司 | Warmer, control method and storage medium |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100787608B1 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2007-12-21 | 박종진 | Method for manufacturing a planar heating element and the heating element thereof |
KR102378357B1 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2022-03-25 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Foldable display apparatus and the operating method thereof |
EP3522681B1 (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2022-06-08 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Ceramic heater |
CN109673066A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-23 | 天津中亚慧通科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of automobile rearview mirror electric heating film |
-
1999
- 1999-11-03 KR KR1019990048284A patent/KR20000035181A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-05 AU AU58321/99A patent/AU5832199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-08 JP JP11316576A patent/JP2000150114A/en active Pending
- 1999-11-08 CA CA002289142A patent/CA2289142A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-09 EP EP99308933A patent/EP1001655A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-09 BR BR9907538-5A patent/BR9907538A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002060309A1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-08-08 | Alper Srl | Warming device for towels |
WO2004047493A1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-06-03 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
US7306283B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2007-12-11 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
US7741582B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2010-06-22 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heater for automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
US8507831B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2013-08-13 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
US8766142B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2014-07-01 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
US9315133B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2016-04-19 | Gentherm Gmbh | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
US9578690B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2017-02-21 | Gentherm Gmbh | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
US7205510B2 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2007-04-17 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ltd. | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
EP3532762A4 (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2020-07-22 | Tech Design LLC | Systems and methods for heating equipment in hazardous environments |
CN112555975A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-26 | 广东美的环境电器制造有限公司 | Warmer, control method and storage medium |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5832199A (en) | 2000-05-25 |
CA2289142A1 (en) | 2000-05-09 |
KR20000035181A (en) | 2000-06-26 |
BR9907538A (en) | 2000-08-22 |
JP2000150114A (en) | 2000-05-30 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 20000519 |