EP0948736A1 - Process for monitoring the state of operation of machines - Google Patents

Process for monitoring the state of operation of machines

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Publication number
EP0948736A1
EP0948736A1 EP96942224A EP96942224A EP0948736A1 EP 0948736 A1 EP0948736 A1 EP 0948736A1 EP 96942224 A EP96942224 A EP 96942224A EP 96942224 A EP96942224 A EP 96942224A EP 0948736 A1 EP0948736 A1 EP 0948736A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
operating states
evaluated
values
monitoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP96942224A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kurt Grauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buehler AG
Original Assignee
Buehler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buehler AG filed Critical Buehler AG
Publication of EP0948736A1 publication Critical patent/EP0948736A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring the operating condition of work machines such as roller mills, in particular roller mills in mills for grinding or treating grain and other food components, as well as bulk goods in general, but also feed cube presses, die casting machines and the like.
  • work machines such as roller mills, in particular roller mills in mills for grinding or treating grain and other food components, as well as bulk goods in general, but also feed cube presses, die casting machines and the like.
  • Roller mills or rolling mills are operated continuously over long periods of time and their operating status is monitored accordingly.
  • the quality and the parameters of the product to be manufactured are also monitored. In particular, the operating state itself is often still monitored
  • EP-A-590799 describes such an acoustic system which, however, requires several sound recorders / sound transducers, individual frequencies being analyzed via separate filters, which requires a great deal of effort and only requires limited, precise evaluations and assignment of certain frequencies to threatening operating conditions such as belt whistles, Allows dry running and winding of product.
  • EP-B-309155 describes a method for the quantitative determination of physical properties of regrind, in particular grain size spectra in a ball mill.
  • the sound frequency distribution of the grinding is determined by means of a sound converter, the analog electrical signal obtained is converted into a digital signal and passed through a digital bandpass filter in order to select at least two frequency bands. There is a time-dependent averaging. performance and a statistical analysis to obtain a value or the size of the physical property.
  • the ball or tube mill is operated in batches.
  • the invention is based on the object of a method for monitoring the operating condition of work machines such as To develop roller mills, which enables on-line or in-line monitoring with little effort with regard to threatening operating conditions such as belt whistling (slippage), winding or dry running, especially also in unmanned, fully automatic operation.
  • the method according to the invention can equally be used for various work machines in which noise levels embodying normal states are selected from noise levels embodying disturbances and are used for monitoring the operating states of these work machines.
  • noises or sound levels occurring on the roller mill are preferably detected and amplified by means of at least one microphone and divided into sound spectra in a filter set.
  • each level sum is e.g. B. formed by a neural network as an evaluation unit to enable a clear identification of faults even with a large variation in the recipe width, and to be able to process the large amounts of data that are required.
  • Neural networks are also known to be self-learning.
  • a vibration measurement could also be carried out according to the same procedure.
  • vibration sensors act more locally than microphones.
  • B. a belt whistle is not detectable.
  • the method according to the invention enables extensive adaptation to the human ear with little effort.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of a measuring arrangement.
  • the sound levels recorded by means of sound transducer (microphone) 1 are amplified in amplifier 2 and subsequently broken down into individual spectra 3 and processed into a filter set.
  • This signal processing 9 is followed by a signal evaluation 10.
  • the spectra 3 (filter set) are subjected to an evaluation 4 and summation 5 as well as a comparison with permissible target values.
  • Distinctions 7 or normal states 8 which can be clearly assigned can be taken from the output 6, an A / D conversion being able to take place in different phases of the processing.
  • Each type of disturbance is assessed specifically, i.e. several evaluations (10) of the signals are used.
  • the structure of the device for signal processing 9 and signal evaluation 10 is also carried out analogously in other applications of the method according to the invention.
  • the noise generated by the feed cubes in the outlet can be used to determine their hardness, although an analog output is used.
  • the product quality can thereby be regulated by regulating the molasses and / or supplying steam.
  • An analogous procedure with the method according to the invention can be used in die casting machines (cavitation).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

A process for monitoring the state of operation of machines, in particular cylinder mills, is suitable in particular for cylinder mills for milling cereals or the like. The object of the invention consists in sensing on-line the states of operation of machines, such as cylinder mills, and in particular in clearly recognising hazardous states of operation. For that purpose, a sonic transducer determines noise levels which are then subdivided and evaluated in a filter set. The evaluated frequency ranges are summed and compared with set values, making it possible to sort them out according to normal or abnormal states of operation.

Description

Verfahren zur Betriebszustandsüberwachung von ArbeitsmaschinenProcess for monitoring the operating condition of work machines
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Betriebszustandsüberwachung von Arbeitsmaschinen wie Walzenstühlen, insbesondere von Walzenstühlen in Mühlen zur Vermahlung bzw. Behandlung von Korngut und anderen Nahrungsmittelkomponenten sowie allgemein Schüttgut aber auch Futterwürfelpressen, Druckgiess- maschinen u.dgl..The invention relates to a method for monitoring the operating condition of work machines such as roller mills, in particular roller mills in mills for grinding or treating grain and other food components, as well as bulk goods in general, but also feed cube presses, die casting machines and the like.
Walzenstühle oder auch Walzwerke werden kontinuierlich über lange Zeiträume betrieben und entsprechend in ihrem Betriebszustand überwacht. Überwacht werden ebenfalls die Qualität bzw. die Parameter des herzustellenden Produktes. Ins- besondere die Überwachung des Betriebszustandes selbst erfolgt oft nochRoller mills or rolling mills are operated continuously over long periods of time and their operating status is monitored accordingly. The quality and the parameters of the product to be manufactured are also monitored. In particular, the operating state itself is often still monitored
"manuell" durch das Betriebspersonal, wogegen die Kontrolle der Produktparameter bereits stärker automatisiert ist."manually" by the operating personnel, whereas the control of the product parameters is already more automated.
Bekannt sind jedoch Rauchmelder, Drehzahlwächter u. dgl., die Teilaussagen er- möglichen und z. T. erst unmittelbar vor einem Schadensfall ansprechen, so dass eine Steuerung/Regelung der Betriebsparameter nicht direkt gegeben ist.However, smoke detectors, speed monitors and the like are known. Like., The partial statements enable and z. T. only speak immediately before a damage event, so that there is no direct control of the operating parameters.
In letzter Zeit wurden Versuche unternommen, z. B. über Schall- bzw. Geräuschmessungen bestimmte Betriebszustände zu erfassen und für Regelvor- gänge zu nutzen. So beschreibt die EP-A-590799 ein solches akustisches System, das jedoch mehrere Schallaufnehmer/Schallwandler erfordert, wobei einzelne Frequenzen über separate Filter analysiert werden, was einen hohen Aufwand erfordert und nur bedingt genaue Auswertungen und Zuordnung bestimmter Frequenzen zu bedrohlichen Betriebszuständen wie Riemenpfeifen, Trockenlauf und Wickeln von Produkt ermöglicht.Attempts have been made recently, e.g. B. to determine certain operating states via sound or noise measurements and to use them for control processes. For example, EP-A-590799 describes such an acoustic system which, however, requires several sound recorders / sound transducers, individual frequencies being analyzed via separate filters, which requires a great deal of effort and only requires limited, precise evaluations and assignment of certain frequencies to threatening operating conditions such as belt whistles, Allows dry running and winding of product.
In der EP-B-309155 ist ein Verfahren zur quantitativen Bestimmung physikalischer Eigenschaften von Mahlgut, insbesondere Komgrössenspektren in einer Kugelmühle. Hierbei wird mittels eines Schallwandlers die Schallfrequenzverteilung des Mahlens bestimmt, das erhaltene analoge, elektrische Signal wird in ein digitales Signal gewandelt und durch einen digitalen Bandpassfilter geleitet, um zumindest zwei Frequenzbänder auszuwählen. Es erfolgt eine zeitabhängige Mittelwertbil- dung der Leistung und eine statistische Analyse, um einen Wert bzw. die Grosse der physikalischen Eigenschaft zu erhalten. Die Kugel- bzw. Rohrmühle wird batchweise betrieben.EP-B-309155 describes a method for the quantitative determination of physical properties of regrind, in particular grain size spectra in a ball mill. The sound frequency distribution of the grinding is determined by means of a sound converter, the analog electrical signal obtained is converted into a digital signal and passed through a digital bandpass filter in order to select at least two frequency bands. There is a time-dependent averaging. performance and a statistical analysis to obtain a value or the size of the physical property. The ball or tube mill is operated in batches.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Betriebszustandsüberwachung von Arbeitsmaschinen wie z.B. Walzenstühlen zu entwickeln, welches mit geringem Aufwand eine Überwachung on-line bzw. in-line im Hinblick auf bedrohliche Betriebszustände wie Riemenpfeifen (Schlupf), Wickeln oder Trockenlauf, insbesondere auch bei mannlosem, vollautomatischem Betrieb er- möglicht.The invention is based on the object of a method for monitoring the operating condition of work machines such as To develop roller mills, which enables on-line or in-line monitoring with little effort with regard to threatening operating conditions such as belt whistling (slippage), winding or dry running, especially also in unmanned, fully automatic operation.
Diese Aufgabe wird mittels des Kennzeichens des Patentanspruches gelöst. Hierbei geht die Erfindung zwar vom bekannten Verfahren gemass der EP-B-309155 aus, jedoch lässt die technische Lehre nach dem Stand der Technik keine einfache Übertragung von Produktdaten auf ein Maschinenverhalten zu. Insofern ergeben sich vom Grundsatz her unterschiedliche Aufgaben und Lösungen, zumal z.B. ein Walzenstuhl im Mühlenbetrieb komplexeren Einflüssen unterliegt. Da im Normalfall stets mehrere Walzenstühle nebeneinander und gleichzeitig agieren, ist eine eindeutig zuordenbare Ermittlung von Betriebszuständen notwendig.This object is achieved by means of the characterizing part of the patent claim. Although the invention is based on the known method according to EP-B-309155, the technical teaching according to the prior art does not allow simple transfer of product data to machine behavior. In this respect, there are basically different tasks and solutions, especially since a roller mill in mill operation is subject to more complex influences. Since normally several roller mills always act side by side and simultaneously, a clearly assignable determination of operating conditions is necessary.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist gleichermassen für diverse Arbeitsmaschinen anwendbar, bei denen Normalzustände verkörpernde Geräuschpegel von Störungen verkörpernden Geräuschpegeln selektiert und zwecks Überwachung von Betriebszuständen dieser Arbeitsmaschinen verwendet werden.The method according to the invention can equally be used for various work machines in which noise levels embodying normal states are selected from noise levels embodying disturbances and are used for monitoring the operating states of these work machines.
Die weiteren Darlegungen der Erfindung können daher ohne Einschränkung des Erfindungsgedankens am Beispiel eines Walzenstuhles erfolgen.The further explanations of the invention can therefore be made without limitation of the inventive concept using the example of a roller mill.
Erfindungsgemäss werden bevorzugt mittels mindestens eines Mikrofons am Wal- zenstuhl auftretende Geräusche bzw. Schallpegel erfasst und verstärkt und in einem Filtersatz in Schallspektren aufgeteilt.According to the invention, noises or sound levels occurring on the roller mill are preferably detected and amplified by means of at least one microphone and divided into sound spectra in a filter set.
Verschiedene Frequenzspektren können so nachfolgend in einer Auswerteeinheit verarbeitet und nach Pegelsummen bewertet werden. Im Ergebnis können so nor- male Arbeitsgeräusche von bedrohlichen Betriebsgeräuschen getrennt und für entsprechende Sicherheitsvorkehrungen verarbeitet werden. Vorzugsweise wird jede Pegelsumme z. B. durch ein neuronales Netz als Auswerteeinheit gebildet, um eine eindeutige Identifikation von Störungen selbst bei gros- ser Variation der Rezeptbreite zu ermöglichen, und um überhaupt die hohen Datenmengen verarbeiten zu können, die erforderlich sind. Neuronale Netze sind darüberhinaus und bekanntlich selbstlernend.Different frequency spectra can then be processed in an evaluation unit and evaluated according to level sums. As a result, normal working noises can be separated from threatening operating noises and processed for appropriate safety precautions. Preferably, each level sum is e.g. B. formed by a neural network as an evaluation unit to enable a clear identification of faults even with a large variation in the recipe width, and to be able to process the large amounts of data that are required. Neural networks are also known to be self-learning.
Im Normalfall ist die Verwendung nur eines Mikrofons ausreichend.In general, the use of only one microphone is sufficient.
Statt einer Schallmessung könnte auch eine Schwingungsmessung nach dersel- ben Verfahrensweise erfolgen, jedoch wirken Schwingungsaufnehmer lokaler als Mikrofone, so dass z. B. ein Riemenpfeifen nicht detektierbar ist.Instead of a sound measurement, a vibration measurement could also be carried out according to the same procedure. However, vibration sensors act more locally than microphones. B. a belt whistle is not detectable.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ermöglicht eine weitgehende Angleichung an das menschliche Ohr mit geringem Aufwand.The method according to the invention enables extensive adaptation to the human ear with little effort.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren wird nachfolgend in einem Ausführungsbeispiel an Hand einer Zeichnung näher beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigt die einzige Fig. 1 ein Prinzipschaltbild einer Messanordnung.The method according to the invention is described in more detail below in an exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of a measuring arrangement.
Die mittels Schallwandler (Mikrofon) 1 aufgenommenen Schallpegel werden im Verstärker 2 verstärkt und nachfolgend in einen Filtersatz in einzelne Spektren 3 zerlegt und verarbeitet. Dieser Signalaufbereitung 9 schliesst sich eine Signalauswertung 10 an. Hierzu werden die Spektren 3 (Filtersatz) einer Bewertung 4 und Summation 5 sowie einen Vergleich mit zulässigen Sollwerten unterzogen. Dem Ausgang 6 sind hierbei eindeutig zuordenbare Störungen 7 oder Normalzustände 8 entnehmbar, wobei eine A/D-Wandlung in verschiedenen Phasen der Bearbeitung erfolgen kann.The sound levels recorded by means of sound transducer (microphone) 1 are amplified in amplifier 2 and subsequently broken down into individual spectra 3 and processed into a filter set. This signal processing 9 is followed by a signal evaluation 10. For this purpose, the spectra 3 (filter set) are subjected to an evaluation 4 and summation 5 as well as a comparison with permissible target values. Distinctions 7 or normal states 8 which can be clearly assigned can be taken from the output 6, an A / D conversion being able to take place in different phases of the processing.
Die Bewertung jeder Art Störung erfolgt spezifisch, d.h. es kommen mehrere Be- Wertungen (10) der Signale zum Einsatz.Each type of disturbance is assessed specifically, i.e. several evaluations (10) of the signals are used.
Der Aufbau der Einrichtung zur Signalaufbereitung 9 und Signalwertung 10 erfolgt auch bei anderen Anwendungen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens analog.The structure of the device for signal processing 9 and signal evaluation 10 is also carried out analogously in other applications of the method according to the invention.
So kann z.B. bei Futterwürfelpressen über die Geräuschentwicklung der Futterwürfel im Auslauf auf deren Härte geschlossen werden, wobei allerdings ein Analogausgang genutzt wird. Es kann dadurch die Produktqualität durch Regelung der Melasse und/oder Dampfzufuhr geregelt werden. Ein analoges Vorgehen mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren kann bei Druckgussmaschinen (Kavitation) genutzt werden. In feed cube presses, for example, the noise generated by the feed cubes in the outlet can be used to determine their hardness, although an analog output is used. The product quality can thereby be regulated by regulating the molasses and / or supplying steam. An analogous procedure with the method according to the invention can be used in die casting machines (cavitation).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Betriebszustandsüberwachung von Arbeitsmaschi- nen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass1. Method for monitoring the operating condition of work machines, characterized in that
a, Schallpegel mittels eines Schallwandlers (1 ) aufgenommen und ggf. nachfolgend verstärkt werden, eine b, Analyse und Aufteilung der Schallpegel zu Schallspektren (3) in einem Filter- satz, und eine c, Auswahl und Bewertung der Spektralwerte erfolgen, die definierten Betriebszuständen entsprechen, und ein d, Vergleich der bewerteten Summenpegel mit vorgebenen Werten und Zuordnug nach Betriebszuständen vorgenommen wird.a, sound levels are recorded by means of a sound converter (1) and, if necessary, subsequently amplified, b, analysis and division of the sound levels into sound spectra (3) in a filter set, and c, selection and evaluation of the spectral values take place, the defined operating states correspond, and ad, comparison of the evaluated total level with specified values and assignment according to operating conditions is made.
2. Verfahren zur Betriebszustandsüberwachung von Walzenstühlen insbesondere von Walzenstühlen in Mühlen zur Vermahlung von Korngut, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass2. Method for monitoring the operating condition of roller mills, in particular of roller mills in mills for grinding grain, characterized in that
a, Schallpegel mittels eines Schallwandlers (1 ) aufgenommen und ggf. nachfolgend verstärkt werden, eine b, Analyse und Aufteilung der Schallpegel zu Schallspektren (3) in einem Filtersatz, und eine c, Auswahl und Bewertung der Spektralwerte erfolgen, die definierten Betriebszu- ständen entsprechen, und ein d, Vergleich der bewerteten Summenpegel mit vorgebenen Werten und Zuordnug nach Betriebszuständen vorgenommen wird.a, sound levels are recorded by means of a sound transducer (1) and, if necessary, subsequently amplified, b, analysis and division of the sound levels into sound spectra (3) in a filter set, and c, selection and evaluation of the spectral values are carried out, the defined operating states correspond, and ad, comparison of the evaluated total level with specified values and assignment according to operating conditions is made.
3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den Betriebszuständen Grenzwerte vorgegeben sind, mittels derer anormale3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the operating states are predetermined limit values by means of which abnormal
Betriebszustände erfasst werden können.Operating states can be recorded.
4. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die anormalen Betriebszustände insbesondere Riemenpfeifen, Trockenlauf und/oder Wickeln von Produkt sind.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the abnormal operating conditions are in particular belt whistling, dry running and / or winding product.
5. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Analogausgang der bewertetes Signale erfolgt GEÄNDERTE ANSPRÜCHE5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an analog output of the evaluated signals takes place CHANGED REQUIREMENTS
[beim Internationalen Büro am 4. November 1997 (04.11.97) eingegangen; ursprüngliche Ansprüche 1-5 durch geänderte Ansprüche 1-4 ersetzt[Received at the International Office on November 4, 1997 (November 4, 1997); original claims 1-5 replaced by amended claims 1-4
( 1 Seite) ]( 1 page) ]
1. Verfahren zur Betriebszustandsüberwachung von Walzenstühlen insbesondere von Walzenstühlen in Mühlen zur Vermahlung von Korngut, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass1. A method for monitoring the operating condition of roller mills, in particular of roller mills in mills for grinding grain, characterized in that
a, Schallpegel mittels eines Schallwandlers (1) aufgenommen und ggf. nachfolgend verstärkt werden, eine b, Analyse und Aufteilung der Schallpegel zu Schailspektren (3) in einem Filtersatz, und eine c, Auswahl und Bewertung der Spektralwerte erfolgen, die definierten Betriebszuständen entsprechen, und ein d, Vergleich der bewerteten Summenpegei mit vorgegebenen Werten und Zu- ordnug nach Betriebszuständen vorgenommen wird, e, wobei den Betriebszuständen Grenzwerte vorgegeben sind, mittels derer anormale Betriebszustände erfasst werden können.a, sound levels are recorded by means of a sound transducer (1) and, if necessary, subsequently amplified, b, analysis and division of the sound levels into sound spectra (3) in a filter set, and c, selection and evaluation of the spectral values that correspond to defined operating states take place, and ad, comparison of the evaluated total level with predetermined values and assignment according to operating states is carried out, e, the operating states being given limit values by means of which abnormal operating states can be detected.
2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die anormalen Betriebszustände insbesondere Riemenpfeifen, Trockenlauf und/oder Wickeln von Produkt sind.2. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the abnormal operating conditions are in particular belt whistling, dry running and / or winding product.
3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Analogausgang der bewertetes Signale erfolgt.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an analog output of the evaluated signals takes place.
4. Verfahren zur Betriebszustandsüberwachung von Arbeitsmaschinen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass4. Method for monitoring the operating condition of work machines, characterized in that
a, Schallpegel mittels eines Schallwandlers (1) aufgenommen und ggf. nach- folgend verstärkt werden, eine b, Analyse und Aufteilung der Schallpegel zu Schallspektren (3) in einem Filtersatz, und eine c, Auswahl und Bewertung der Spektralwerte erfolgen, die definierten Betriebszuständen entsprechen, und ein d, Vergleich der bewerteten Summenpegel mit vorgebenen Werten und Zuordnug nach Betriebszuständen vorgenommen wird, e, ein Analogausgang der bewertetes Signale erfolgt. a, sound levels are recorded by means of a sound transducer (1) and, if necessary, subsequently amplified, b, analysis and division of the sound levels into sound spectra (3) in a filter set, and c, selection and evaluation of the spectral values, the defined operating states correspond, and ad, comparison of the evaluated total level with specified values and assignment according to operating conditions is carried out, e, an analog output of the evaluated signals.
EP96942224A 1996-12-20 1996-12-20 Process for monitoring the state of operation of machines Ceased EP0948736A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH1996/000453 WO1998028600A1 (en) 1996-12-20 1996-12-20 Process for monitoring the state of operation of machines

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EP0948736A1 true EP0948736A1 (en) 1999-10-13

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STRESSWAVE SENSING FOR PROCESS CONTROL - SYMPOSIUM T318, 15 March 1990 (1990-03-15), pages 1 - 7, XP002932805

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