EP0844951B1 - Process for controlling the operation of a motor vehicle airbag - Google Patents

Process for controlling the operation of a motor vehicle airbag Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0844951B1
EP0844951B1 EP96928412A EP96928412A EP0844951B1 EP 0844951 B1 EP0844951 B1 EP 0844951B1 EP 96928412 A EP96928412 A EP 96928412A EP 96928412 A EP96928412 A EP 96928412A EP 0844951 B1 EP0844951 B1 EP 0844951B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
airbag
occupant
deployment
passenger
seat
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96928412A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0844951A1 (en
Inventor
Aloyse Schoos
Thomas Schleeh
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IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
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IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
    • B60R21/0153—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of control of the operation of an airbag in a vehicle automobile and, more particularly, an airbag which is associated with a control module.
  • document DE-4237072 offers an occupancy detection system from the passenger seat to deactivate this airbag when this seat is not occupied, so as not to no need to replace the airbag when the vehicle is repairable after a shock that triggered the deployment airbag.
  • Documents LU-88 547 and 88 588 propose a passenger seat occupancy detection system by an auxiliary child seat, as well as the orientation of this auxiliary seat in order to control deactivation of the airbag when this seat is facing the opposite direction to avoid a child is thrown back violently of the vehicle due to the deployment of the airbag.
  • New gas generators are, moreover, under study to allow future operation on several levels and a modular deployment and more nuanced that an all or nothing, especially to take into account the mass of inertia of the passenger, which can be obtained by the information provided by the detector occupancy of the seat, when it is constituted by an FSR type pressure sensor.
  • the document GB-A-2 236 419 describes such a process.
  • the occupant position is determined by measurements rangefinders based on either cutting a beam by the body of the occupier, either by the time of path of a wave reflected on the occupant.
  • WO-A-94/22693 also describes such a process which uses radar waves to reconstruct an image of the occupant.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling the operation of the airbag which eliminates or at least reduces the risks accidents due to an airbag deployment when the passenger behind the airbag occupies a position abnormal.
  • the invention proposes a method of controlling the operation of an airbag in a motor vehicle consisting in determining the position of an occupant, in particular its distance by report to the deployment center of the airbag (s) associated with its seat and order the deactivation service of this or these airbag (s) or a modulation of its (their) deployment according to this position characterized in that at least one transmitter is provided of electromagnetic field and at least one receiver of electromagnetic field, in that we have these transmitter (s) and receiver (s) so that the field electromagnetic is changed by a movement of the occupant thanks to one or more marking (s) appropriate (s) provided on the seat belt and what we determine the position of the occupant in depending on the influence of its position on the field electromagnetic between the transmitter (s) and receiver (s).
  • inductive structures in front and / or behind the passenger can also be supplemented by at minus an inductive structure provided in the roof of the vehicle.
  • each inductive structure of excitation is associated with an inductive receptor structure.
  • the marking in the form of an electromagnetic resonator influences the electromagnetic field of the structure of excitement in which he finds himself and this influence is identifiable by the receptive structure of analogous to the detection system proposed in patents LU-88547 and 88588.
  • a detection synchronous by the receptor allows high immunity to respect for possible parasites.
  • Induction loops of the receiver detecting the electromagnetic field resulting, possibly modulated, are arranged to so the received signal is inversely proportional at the distance between the inductive structures and the marking on the seat belt.
  • marking electronic is very undisturbable and offers good detection reliability.
  • a non-marking on the seat belt autonomous i.e. conductive marking which is supplied with direct current or alternating current at across the belt.
  • This marking then constitutes a transmitting antenna whose signals are picked up by nearby receiving structures or antennas airbag cassette and / or in the back of the seat passenger and who measure the distance based on attenuation of the electromagnetic field as a function of the distance.
  • reception on the belt and antenna transmitter on the cassette or in the back of the seat it is also possible to provide reception on the belt and antenna transmitter on the cassette or in the back of the seat.
  • the different markings on the belt can, moreover, to be distinguished by subcarriers and / or different identification codes, which contributes to greater reliability of the measurements.
  • the detection system recommended by this invention is not limited to the passenger airbag front, but can also be applied to the airbag of the driver and, if applicable, passenger airbags back.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP96/03449 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 16, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 16, 1998 PCT Filed Aug. 5, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/06990 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 27, 1997The process comprises the determination of the position, particularly the distance between a passenger or driver and the deployment center of the respective airbag and controlling the deactivation of said airbag or a modulation of its deployment as a function of said position or said distance in order to avoid or reduce the risks of accidents due to the inflation of the airbag when the passenger occupies an abnormal position.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de commande du fonctionnement d'un airbag dans un véhicule automobile et, plus particulièrement, d'un airbag qui est associé à un module de commande.The present invention relates to a method of control of the operation of an airbag in a vehicle automobile and, more particularly, an airbag which is associated with a control module.

L'augmentation croissante du nombre d'équipements d'airbag dans les véhicules a permis de recueillir un grand nombre d'informations sur le fonctionnement des airbags, ce qui a contribué largement à leurs perfectionnements. L'un de ceux-ci consiste à soumettre le fonctionnement de l'airbag à une unité de commande intelligente qui est alimentée par différents détecteurs afin d'adapter le déploiement de l'airbag à certaines circonstances.The growing increase in the number of equipment airbag in vehicles allowed to collect a large amount of information on the operation of airbags, which largely contributed to their improvements. One of these is to submit airbag operation at a control unit smart which is powered by different sensors to adapt the deployment of the airbag to certain circumstances.

C'est ainsi, par exemple, que le document DE-4237072 propose un système de détection de l'occupation du siège du passager afin de mettre hors service cet airbag lorsque ce siège n'est pas occupé, afin de ne pas devoir remplacer l'airbag lorsque le véhicule est réparable après un choc qui a déclenché le déploiement de l'airbag.For example, document DE-4237072 offers an occupancy detection system from the passenger seat to deactivate this airbag when this seat is not occupied, so as not to no need to replace the airbag when the vehicle is repairable after a shock that triggered the deployment airbag.

Les documents LU-88 547 et 88 588 proposent un système de détection de l'occupation du siège passager par un siège auxiliaire pour enfants, ainsi que de l'orientation de ce siège auxiliaire afin de commander la mise hors service de l'airbag lorsque ce siège est orienté dans le sens contraire de la marche pour éviter qu'un enfant ne soit projeté violemment vers l'arrière du véhicule sous l'effet du déploiement de l'airbag.Documents LU-88 547 and 88 588 propose a passenger seat occupancy detection system by an auxiliary child seat, as well as the orientation of this auxiliary seat in order to control deactivation of the airbag when this seat is facing the opposite direction to avoid a child is thrown back violently of the vehicle due to the deployment of the airbag.

De nouveaux générateurs de gaz sont, par ailleurs, à l'étude pour permettre, à l'avenir, un fonctionnement à plusieurs niveaux et un déploiement modulé et plus nuancé qu'un tout ou rien , notamment pour tenir compte de la masse d'inertie du passager, qui peut être obtenu par les informations fournies par le détecteur d'occupation du siège, lorsque celui-ci est constitué par un capteur de pression du type FSR.New gas generators are, moreover, under study to allow future operation on several levels and a modular deployment and more nuanced that an all or nothing, especially to take into account the mass of inertia of the passenger, which can be obtained by the information provided by the detector occupancy of the seat, when it is constituted by an FSR type pressure sensor.

On a également constaté que le déploiement d'un airbag peut être très dangereux pour un passager lorsque celui-ci occupe une position autre que sa position dite normale. Il faut, en effet, savoir qu'un airbag se déploie en forme de champignon avec un brusque jaillissement longitudinal suivi d'un gonflement latéral. Or, si la tête du passager, par exemple, lorsque celui-ci cherche dans le vide poche, se trouve trop près de la cassette de l'airbag, donc dans le champ de déploiement de l'airbag, notamment dans la trajectoire du jaillissement initial, l'effet de l'airbag peut être plus néfaste que bénéfique.It was also found that the deployment of a airbag can be very dangerous for a passenger when the latter occupies a position other than his so-called normal position. You have to know that airbag deploys in a mushroom shape with a sudden longitudinal burst followed by swelling lateral. Now, if the passenger’s head, for example, when it searches in the pocket, is too close to the airbag cassette, so in the airbag deployment field, especially in the trajectory of the initial burst, the effect of the airbag can be more harmful than beneficial.

C'est la raison pour laquelle on a déjà proposé un procédé de commande du déploiement d'un airbag en fonction de la position de l'occupant du siège. Le document GB-A-2 236 419 décrit un tel procédé. La position de l'occupant est déterminée par des mesures télémétriques basées, soit sur la coupure d'un rayon par le corps de l'occupant, soit par le temps de parcours d'une onde réfléchie sur l'occupant.This is the reason why we have already proposed a method of controlling the deployment of an airbag in depending on the position of the seat occupant. The document GB-A-2 236 419 describes such a process. The occupant position is determined by measurements rangefinders based on either cutting a beam by the body of the occupier, either by the time of path of a wave reflected on the occupant.

Le document WO-A-94/22693 décrit également un tel procédé qui met en oeuvre des ondes radar pour reconstituer une image de l'occupant.WO-A-94/22693 also describes such a process which uses radar waves to reconstruct an image of the occupant.

Ces mesures, basées sur la réflexion, peuvent toutefois être faussées par un objet que l'occupant tient en main, par exemple un livre ou un journal.These reflective measures can however be distorted by an object that the occupant holds in hand, for example a book or a newspaper.

On connaít également des procédés basés sur une réflexion sur des marques prévues sur la ceinture de sécurité. De tels procédés sont connus de Research Disclosure, 1994, January, No. 357, Emsworth GB, p. 50 ou de US-A-3,748,639. Ces procédés servent à vérifier si la ceinture est mise ou à connaítre son degré de déroulement. There are also known methods based on a reflection on marks provided on the belt security. Such methods are known to Research Disclosure, 1994, January, No. 357, Emsworth GB, p. 50 or from US-A-3,748,639. These procedures are used to verify if the belt is put on or to know its degree of unfolding.

Le but de la présente invention est de prévoir un procédé de commande du fonctionnement de l'airbag qui permet d'éliminer ou, du moins, de réduire, les risques d'accidents dus à un déploiement d'un airbag lorsque le passager derrière l'airbag occupe une position anormale.The object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling the operation of the airbag which eliminates or at least reduces the risks accidents due to an airbag deployment when the passenger behind the airbag occupies a position abnormal.

Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'invention propose un procédé de commande du fonctionnement d'un airbag dans un véhicule automobile consistant à déterminer la position d'un occupant, notamment sa distance par rapport au centre de déploiement du ou des airbag(s) associé(s) à son siège et à commander la mise hors service de cet ou ces airbag(s) ou une modulation de son (leur) déploiement en fonction de cette position caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit au moins un émetteur de champ électromagnétique et au moins un récepteur de champ électromagnétique, en ce que l'on dispose ces émetteur(s) et récepteur(s) de manière que le champ électromagnétique soit modifié par un mouvement de l'occupant grâce à un ou plusieurs marquage(s) approprié(s) prévu(s) sur la ceinture de sécurité et en ce que l'on détermine la position de l'occupant en fonction de l'influence de sa position sur le champ électromagnétique entre les émetteur(s) et récepteur(s).To achieve this objective, the invention proposes a method of controlling the operation of an airbag in a motor vehicle consisting in determining the position of an occupant, in particular its distance by report to the deployment center of the airbag (s) associated with its seat and order the deactivation service of this or these airbag (s) or a modulation of its (their) deployment according to this position characterized in that at least one transmitter is provided of electromagnetic field and at least one receiver of electromagnetic field, in that we have these transmitter (s) and receiver (s) so that the field electromagnetic is changed by a movement of the occupant thanks to one or more marking (s) appropriate (s) provided on the seat belt and what we determine the position of the occupant in depending on the influence of its position on the field electromagnetic between the transmitter (s) and receiver (s).

En se basant sur le fait que la ceinture de sécurité doit forcément toujours suivre un mouvement vers l'avant du passager, on peut prévoir, sur la ceinture de sécurité, des repères ou marquages susceptibles d'être détectés, de détecter, d'influencer ou d'émettre un rayonnement.Based on the fact that the seat belt security must always follow a movement towards the front of the passenger, on the seat belt, likely marks or markings to be detected, to detect, to influence or to emit radiation.

Il est, par exemple, possible de prévoir sur la ceinture de sécurité un marquage électromagnétique autonome et passif, c'est-à-dire non alimenté, sous forme d'un résonateur ou d'une boucle résonnante qui est excitée par un champ électromagnétique créé par au moins une structure inductive. Cette ou ces structure inductive peuvent être prévues sur ou à proximité de la cassette airbag, ou derrière le passager dans le dos du siège.It is, for example, possible to plan on the seat belt electromagnetic marking autonomous and passive, i.e. not powered, under form of a resonator or a resonant loop which is excited by an electromagnetic field created by at minus an inductive structure. This or these structures inductive may be provided on or near the airbag cassette, or behind the passenger in the back of the seat.

Il est, toutefois, préférable de prévoir ces structures inductives à la fois devant le passager et derrière pour créer alternativement un champ électromagnétique et permettre, ainsi, des mesures complémentaires.It is, however, preferable to provide for these inductive structures both in front of the passenger and behind to alternately create an electromagnetic field and thus allow additional measures.

Ces structures inductives devant et/ou derrière le passager peuvent, en outre, être complétées par au moins une structure inductive prévue dans le toit du véhicule.These inductive structures in front and / or behind the passenger can also be supplemented by at minus an inductive structure provided in the roof of the vehicle.

A chaque structure inductive d'excitation est associée une structure inductive réceptrice. Le marquage sous forme de résonateur électromagnétique influence le champ électromagnétique de la structure d'excitation dans lequel il se trouve et cette influence est repérable par la structure réceptrice de manière analogue au système de détection proposé dans les brevets LU-88547 et 88588.At each inductive structure of excitation is associated with an inductive receptor structure. The marking in the form of an electromagnetic resonator influences the electromagnetic field of the structure of excitement in which he finds himself and this influence is identifiable by the receptive structure of analogous to the detection system proposed in patents LU-88547 and 88588.

Si le résonateur et, par conséquent, le champ électromagnétique d'excitation est modifié par une sous-porteuse synchrone avec la fréquence d'excitation, par exemple, à l'aide d'un circuit électronique approprié associé au résonateur, une détection synchrone par le récepteur permet une grande immunité à l'égard de parasites éventuels. Les boucles d'induction du récepteur détectant le champ électromagnétique résultant, éventuellement modulé, sont disposées de sorte que le signal reçu est inversement proportionnel à la distance entre les structures inductives et le marquage sur la ceinture de sécurité. Un tel marquage électronique est très peu perturbable et offre une bonne fiabilité de détection.If the resonator and therefore the field electromagnetic excitation is changed by a synchronous subcarrier with the excitation frequency, for example, using an electronic circuit appropriate associated with the resonator, a detection synchronous by the receptor allows high immunity to respect for possible parasites. Induction loops of the receiver detecting the electromagnetic field resulting, possibly modulated, are arranged to so the received signal is inversely proportional at the distance between the inductive structures and the marking on the seat belt. Such marking electronic is very undisturbable and offers good detection reliability.

Outre le modulage par une sous-porteuse, il est possible de moduler la sous-porteuse par un code ou information d'identification, ce qui permet, à coup sûr, d'éliminer des parasites éventuels pouvant provenir, par exemple, d'un transpondeur emporté par le passager et n'ayant rien à voir avec le système de détection.In addition to modulation by a subcarrier, it is possible to modulate the subcarrier by a code or identification information, which allows, suddenly safe, to eliminate possible parasites which can come, for example, from a transponder carried by the passenger and having nothing to do with the detection.

Il est également possible d'utiliser pour le marquage une modulation synchronisée avec la fréquence d'excitation en combination avec une démodulation synchronisée avec la fréquence d'excitation au niveau du récepteur.It is also possible to use for the marking a modulation synchronized with the frequency excitement in combination with demodulation synchronized with the excitation frequency at the level of the receiver.

On peut aussi utiliser successivement différents niveaux d'excitation de la structure émettrice afin de stimuler ou non le marquage de la ceinture en fonction de sa distance et obtenir ainsi une réponse suivant la distance et en fonction de la puissance d'excitation.We can also use successively different excitation levels of the emitting structure in order to stimulate or not the marking of the belt according of its distance and thus obtain an answer according to the distance and depending on the excitation power.

Selon une autre variante, il est également possible de prévoir sur la ceinture de sécurité un marquage non autonome, c'est-à-dire un marquage conducteur qui est alimenté en courant continu ou en courant alternatif à travers la ceinture. Ce marquage constitue alors une antenne émettrice dont les signaux sont captés par des structures ou antennes réceptrices prévues à proximité de la cassette airbag et/ou dans le dos du siège du passager et qui mesurent la distance à base de l'atténuation du champ électromagnétique en fonction de la distance. Inversement, il est également possible de prévoir la réception sur la ceinture et l'antenne émettrice au niveau de la cassette ou dans le dos du siège.According to another variant, it is also possible provide a non-marking on the seat belt autonomous, i.e. conductive marking which is supplied with direct current or alternating current at across the belt. This marking then constitutes a transmitting antenna whose signals are picked up by nearby receiving structures or antennas airbag cassette and / or in the back of the seat passenger and who measure the distance based on attenuation of the electromagnetic field as a function of the distance. Conversely, it is also possible to provide reception on the belt and antenna transmitter on the cassette or in the back of the seat.

Dans les différents procédés décrits ci-dessus, qui sont basés sur un marquage de la ceinture, il est avantageux de prévoir sur la ceinture plusieurs marquages identiques ou analogues. Ceci offre une meilleure garantie d'une communication optimale entre les marquages, d'une part, et les émetteurs et récepteurs, d'autre part et réduit les erreurs pouvant résulter des changements de position du marquage par suite d'un déroulement plus ou moins fort de la ceinture. En outre, on élimine les risques d'erreur qui pourraient être causés par un mauvais fonctionnement d'un marquage.In the various processes described above, which are based on a belt marking it's advantageous to provide on the belt several identical or analogous markings. This provides a better guarantee of optimal communication between the markings, on the one hand, and the transmitters and receivers on the other hand and reduces errors that can result from changes in marking position by following a more or less strong development of the belt. In addition, we eliminate the risk of error which could be caused by a malfunction of a marking.

Les différents marquages sur la ceinture peuvent, par ailleurs, se distinguer par des sous-porteuses et/ou des codes d'identification différents, ce qui contribue à une plus grande fiabilité des mesures.The different markings on the belt can, moreover, to be distinguished by subcarriers and / or different identification codes, which contributes to greater reliability of the measurements.

Il est également possible de combiner ou d'associer plusieurs des différents principes de mesure décrits ci-dessus dans un même airbag, ce qui augmente bien entendu la fiabilité et les possibilités d'interprétation des résultats.It is also possible to combine or associate many of the different measurement principles described above in the same airbag, which increases well heard the reliability and the possibilities of interpretation results.

Le système de détection préconisé par la présente invention n'est pas limité à l'airbag du passager avant, mais peut également être appliqué à l'airbag du chauffeur et, le cas échéant, aux airbags des passagers arrière.The detection system recommended by this invention is not limited to the passenger airbag front, but can also be applied to the airbag of the driver and, if applicable, passenger airbags back.

Claims (3)

  1. Method for controlling the operation of an airbag in a motor vehicle, consisting in determining the position of an occupant, particularly his distance from the centre of deployment of the airbag(s) associated with his seat and in disabling this or these airbag(s) or altering its (their) deployment(s) as a function of this position, characterized in that at least one electromagnetic-field emitter and at least one electromagnetic-field receiver are provided, in that these emitter(s) and receiver(s) are arranged in such a way that the electromagnetic field is modified by a movement of the occupant thanks to one or more appropriate conductive marking(s) provided on the seatbelt and in that the position of the occupant is determined as a function of the influence that his position has on the electromagnetic field between the emitter(s) and receiver(s).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that one or more autonomous conductive markings are provided on the occupant's seatbelt and these act as resonators and interact with emitting and receiving inductive structures arranged at one or more fixed points in the cabin and/or in the back of the passenger seat.
  3. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that one or more conductive marking(s) powered with DC or AC current is (are) provided on the seatbelt and these act as emitting or receiving antenna(e) and interact with one or more receiving or emitting antenna(e) arranged at one or more fixed point(s) in the cabin and/or in the back of the passenger seat.
EP96928412A 1995-08-17 1996-08-05 Process for controlling the operation of a motor vehicle airbag Expired - Lifetime EP0844951B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU88647A LU88647A1 (en) 1995-08-17 1995-08-17 Method for controlling the operation of an airbag in a motor vehicle
LU88647 1995-08-17
PCT/EP1996/003449 WO1997006990A1 (en) 1995-08-17 1996-08-05 Process for controlling the operation of a motor vehicle airbag

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0844951A1 EP0844951A1 (en) 1998-06-03
EP0844951B1 true EP0844951B1 (en) 2000-05-17

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US (1) US6142513A (en)
EP (1) EP0844951B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3712737B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE192980T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69608451T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2146014T3 (en)
LU (1) LU88647A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997006990A1 (en)

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JP3712737B2 (en) 2005-11-02
DE69608451D1 (en) 2000-06-21
ES2146014T3 (en) 2000-07-16
ATE192980T1 (en) 2000-06-15
DE69608451T2 (en) 2000-09-21
US6142513A (en) 2000-11-07
EP0844951A1 (en) 1998-06-03
WO1997006990A1 (en) 1997-02-27
LU88647A1 (en) 1997-02-17
JPH11510764A (en) 1999-09-21

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