EP0820836A1 - Method and apparatus for sharpening cutters for a crusher, in particular for wood - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for sharpening cutters for a crusher, in particular for wood Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0820836A1
EP0820836A1 EP97111691A EP97111691A EP0820836A1 EP 0820836 A1 EP0820836 A1 EP 0820836A1 EP 97111691 A EP97111691 A EP 97111691A EP 97111691 A EP97111691 A EP 97111691A EP 0820836 A1 EP0820836 A1 EP 0820836A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife
grinding
cutting
feed
knives
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97111691A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0820836B1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Pallmann
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Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/36—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades
    • B24B3/363—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades of blades mounted on a turning drum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/12—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by sharpening the cutting member

Definitions

  • DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 describes a method and a device described that allow the cutting of knives, those in cylindrical, rotatable knife carriers of shredding machines are held by releasable clamping, sharpen by grinding without removing the knives from the Knife holder to have to remove.
  • the knife edges are sharpened when sharpening constantly rotating knife carrier while the programmed grinding feed according to the state of wear in the radial direction.
  • this sharpening method has the disadvantage that due to the constant rotation of the knife holder during sharpening the Front of the knife receives a contour that matches the cutting circle runs in conformity, which inevitably means the clearance angle Results in zero.
  • the clearance angle has zero during processing proven of many materials, but there are substances whose Properties such as density and coefficient of friction, one on it require a coordinated specific clearance angle. That is for example the case for some types of wood, for which their high density and / or their high resin content due to the large coefficient of friction of the clearance angle zero one large amount of heat generated during machining.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of resharpening the knife in the installed state creating a Material properties of the material to be processed to allow adapted clearance angle without reducing the other, with that described in DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 Sharpening method already achieved advantages to have to do without.
  • the knife carrier removed from the shredding machine and be treated in a special sharpening device.
  • This sharpening device differs from that in DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 described device according to claim 6 substantially in that the feed path of the grinding support too the radial jet of the tangent knife edge Cutting flight circle inclined by the desired clearance angle is.
  • the resharpening device consists of a Machine frame 1 on which a device carrier 2 by means of a circular, vertical support plate 3 is attached.
  • a slewing ring 6 mounted with a Axial turntable 7 for central attachment a knife ring 8 is connected.
  • the slewing ring 6 is from a pinion 9 can be driven, its drive motor 10 on the Back of the machine frame 1 is flanged.
  • the Machine frame 1 is surrounded by a protective housing 12 which with a clear view of the Parts essential to the invention are only shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is.
  • a pneumatic actuated locking device 4 attached, the locking bolt 5 gradually turning the knife ring 8 in succession in position bores 14 which engages in a its two washers 13 the individual knife holders 15 are assigned in such a way that they are on the extension a straight line, which is the center point M of the knife ring 8 connects to the respective knife edge S.
  • a grinding unit 17 is attached to the device carrier 2, that from a grinding wheel 18, a drive motor 19 and there is a belt drive 20.
  • the grinding unit 17 is on a support 21 attached to a feed path 22 in radial direction and on an axial sliding guide 23 in is movable in the axial direction.
  • the axial reciprocation during the sharpening process one controlled by limit switches Hydraulic unit 24.
  • the grinding unit 17 is a program-controlled Special drive 25.
  • a Bellows sleeve 26 is provided.
  • an adjustment device 28 is located on the device carrier 2 attached that from a pneumatically operated knife stop 29 there is a position button 30 for detecting the Wear condition of the inner wall 8 'of the knife ring 8 assigned is.
  • a position button 30 for detecting the Wear condition of the inner wall 8 'of the knife ring 8 assigned is.
  • the program-controlled radial movement of the knife stop 29 is provided by a pneumatic unit 33.
  • the feed path 22 of the grinding support 21 is inclined to the radial beam R of the cutting flight circle K R tangent to the effective range of the grinding unit 17 by the desired clearance angle ⁇ .
  • the effective range of the grinding unit 17 is offset by the attachment angle ⁇ from the effective direction of the adjusting device 28, with the result that the feed path 22 of the grinding support 21 is offset from the effective direction of the adjusting device 28 the angle ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) is inclined.
  • a tool combination 35 For advancing the individual knives 32 up to that of the position button 30 defined knife stop 29 is a tool combination 35, which is mounted on a tool stand 34 is. It consists of three screw spindles 36 for loosening and Retighten the clamping screws 37 on the knife holders 15; furthermore from two knife plungers 39 for individual advancement the knife 32 and finally two hold-downs 40 which immobilizing the loosened knife holding plates 38 during worried about pushing the knives. All tools 36, 39 and 40 are pneumatically operated under program control.
  • a Compressed air nozzle 41 attached, which is also on a Slide rail 42 by means of one controlled by limit switches Pneumatics can be moved back and forth in the axial direction.
  • the grinding geometry shown in FIG. 6 on a knife 32 shown in a greatly enlarged manner shows a knife edge S, the position of which is defined by the locking position P corresponding to the position bores 14.
  • the radial beam R starting from the center M of the cutting circle K R and the radial beam r starting from the center m of the grinding circle K r intersect, the tangents t R and t r assigned to them including the clearance angle ⁇ .
  • the grinding feed v takes place in the direction of the radial jet r of the grinding circle k r , the end face F of the knife receiving a concave contour corresponding to the grinding circle k r .
  • the resharpening device described as an embodiment of the invention works as follows:
  • Knife ring 8 After removal of a knife ring 8 from a cutting machine is driven into the sharpening area on a special carriage 44 and there in front of the resharpening device in the one shown in FIG. 2 Position brought into position. Then the one and only Removal slide 16 extended so far that its Support rods 11 reach under the knife ring 8 and him in her Return movement into that provided in the turntable 7 Pull the centering, in which it is then attached. Now the Knife ring 8 first of all a cleaning procedure by means of the reciprocating compressed air nozzle 41 slowly rotating knife ring 8 subjected.
  • the centrally controlled, automatic functional sequence begins the actual sharpening process: First, loosen the Screw spindles 36, the clamping screws 37 of the knife holder in question 15. At the same time the knife stop 29 Adjustment device 28 from its pneumatic 33 radially so far advanced until the associated position button 30 on one of the relevant knife edge S adjacent location of the Inner wall 8 'of the knife ring 8, e.g. on the neighboring one Wear shoe 43 is present. Now the hold-downs 40 and the knife plunger 39 activated and the knife in question 32 in the knife ring 8 pushed in until its Cut S on the knife stop 29 of the adjusting device 28 triggers.
  • This knife position is now by tightening the clamping screws 37 by means of the screw spindles 36 at the same time Retract the knife plunger 39 and the hold-down device 40 fixed.
  • the central control then causes the retraction the knife stop 29 and the locking bolt 5 the position bore 14 and the turning of the knife ring 8 by a knife division, after which the locking bolt 5 into the next position bore 14 engages. Then repeated advancing the knife in the manner described.
  • the sequential control system delivers the grinding support 21 so far to the knife ring 8 until the started Grinding wheel 18 in contact with one of the advanced ones Knife 32 is coming.
  • the grinding wheel 18 takes up Torque on the current consumption of their drive motor 19th significantly increased and thus as a control impulse of the automatic program signals the start of the effective grinding feed.
  • the program-controlled special drive 25 moves this Grinding unit 17 gradually against the end face F des relevant knife 32.
  • the grinding wheel 18 is also slow axially back and forth. As soon as the grinding process starts a knife 32 and the knife ring 8 at another point the knife feed is completed, the two Active systems moved back to their starting positions and the knife ring 8 rotated by one knife division.
  • Knife 32 advanced one after the other, so the grinding process for those due to the angular misalignment ⁇ of the two effective ranges Knives not yet sharpened by adjustment and grinding 32 continued separately. After completing the described sharpening process are the cutting edges S of all knives 32 at constant, uniform cutting board over the inner wall 8 'of Knife ring 8 sharp again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)

Abstract

The shredder has a number of support rings, each with an array of inward facing blades, and assembled into the working cylinder. The rings are removed to sharpen the blades by mounting on a jig. The blade clamps are loosened and the blades advanced by a set amount and reclamped. A grinding wheel (18) fitted to the jig and its grinding surface is positioned by a ratchet drive. After each blade is set the support ring is indexed by a blade spacing, moving a previously set blade past the grinding wheel. A stop (28) on the jig provides a simple alignment for the blade advance. The tangential setting of the grinding wheel is such that a progressive grinding action is performed on the blade tips, to produce an optimum contour on the cutting edge.

Description

In der DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung beschrieben, die es ermöglichen, die Schneiden von Messern, die in zylindrischen, rotierbaren Messerträgern von Zerkleinerungsmaschinen mittels lösbarer Klemmung gehaltert sind, durch Schleifen nachzuschärfen, ohne hierzu die Messer aus dem Messerträger ausbauen zu müssen. Bei diesem bereits bekannten Nachschärfen geschieht das Schleifen der Messerschneiden bei sich ständig langsam drehenden Messerträger, währendessen der entsprechend dem Verschleißzustand programmierte Schleifvorschub in Radialrichtung erfolgt. Speziell für Messerkränze mit nach innen gerichteten Schneiden, wie sie beispielsweise für die Zerspanung von Holz Verwendung finden, ist in dieser Patentschrift auch schon eine besondere Schärfvorrichtung vorgeschlagen, bei der auf einem Maschinengestell eine Drehscheibe für den Messerkranz sowie ein translatorisch bewegbares Schleifaggregat gelagert sind, wobei eine Justiereinrichtung für einen dem Schneidenverschleiß entsprechenden, gleichmäßigen Vorschub der Messer nach innen über die zylindrige Innenwand des Messerkranzes hinaus vorgesehen ist. DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 describes a method and a device described that allow the cutting of knives, those in cylindrical, rotatable knife carriers of shredding machines are held by releasable clamping, sharpen by grinding without removing the knives from the Knife holder to have to remove. With this already known The knife edges are sharpened when sharpening constantly rotating knife carrier while the programmed grinding feed according to the state of wear in the radial direction. Especially for knife wreaths with inward cutting, such as for The cutting of wood is used in this patent already proposed a special sharpening device, with a turntable on a machine frame for the knife ring and a translationally movable Grinding unit are stored, an adjusting device for a uniform, corresponding to the wear of the cutting edge The knives are fed inwards over the cylindrical inner wall of the knife ring is also provided.

Diese Vorschläge erbringen bereits den beträchtlichen technischen und wirtschaftlichen Fortschritt, daß das umständliche, zeitaufwendige und verletzungsträchtige Hantieren mit den relativ schweren Messerpaketen entfallen kann. In Anbetracht der durch den raschen Schneidenverschleiß bedingten häufigen Messerwechsel werden damit nicht nur dem Wartungspersonal die Instandsetzungsarbeiten erheblich erleichtert, sondern es werden auch die Ausfallzeiten der Zerkleinerungsmaschinen beträchtlich reduziert. Zudem ist hier auch schon dafür Sorge getragen, daß die aktuellen Verschleißzustände in den den Messerschneiden benachbarten Bereichen des Messerträgers erfaßt und in die Programmierung des Schleifvorschubes einbezogen werden, wodurch der für den Arbeitsprozeß wirksame Schneidenvorstand über die für das angestrebte Zerkleinerungsprodukt jeweils maßgebliche Innenfläche des Messerträgers auch noch nach mehrmaligem Nachschärfen unverändert bleibt.These proposals already bring considerable technical and economic progress that the cumbersome time-consuming and injury-prone handling of the relative heavy knife packs can be omitted. In view of the frequent knife changes due to the rapid wear of the cutting edge maintenance work is not just for maintenance personnel considerably easier, but it will be The downtimes of the shredding machines are also considerable reduced. In addition, care is also taken here that the current wear conditions in the knife edges adjacent areas of the knife holder and captured in the Programming of the grinding feed, whereby the cutting board effective for the work process about that for the desired shredding product in each case relevant inner surface of the knife holder repeated resharpening remains unchanged.

Indes hat diese Schärfmethode den Nachteil, daß infolge des ständigen Drehens des Messerträgers während des Schleifens die Stirnseite der Messer eine Kontur erhält, die mit dem Schneidenflugkreis konform verläuft, was zwangsläufig den Freiwinkel Null ergibt. Zwar hat sich der Freiwinkel Null bei der Verarbeitung vieler Materialien bewährt, doch gibt es Stoffe, deren Eigenschaften, wie Dichte und Reibungskoeffizient, einen darauf abgestimmten spezifischen Freiwinkel erfordern. Das ist beispielsweise bei einigen Holzarten der Fall, bei denen wegen ihrer hohen Dichte und/oder ihres durch einen hohen Harzanteil bedingten großen Reibungsbeiwertes der Freiwinkel Null eine zu große Wärmeerzeugung bei der Zerspanung verursacht.However, this sharpening method has the disadvantage that due to the constant rotation of the knife holder during sharpening the Front of the knife receives a contour that matches the cutting circle runs in conformity, which inevitably means the clearance angle Results in zero. The clearance angle has zero during processing proven of many materials, but there are substances whose Properties such as density and coefficient of friction, one on it require a coordinated specific clearance angle. That is for example the case for some types of wood, for which their high density and / or their high resin content due to the large coefficient of friction of the clearance angle zero one large amount of heat generated during machining.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Nachschärfen der Messer im eingebauten Zustand unter Schaffung eines den Stoffeigenschaften des jeweils zu verarbeitenden Materials angepaßten Freiwinkels zu ermöglichen, ohne dabei auf die sonstigen, mit der in der DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 beschriebenen Schärfmethode bereits erreichten Vorteilhaftigkeiten verzichten zu müssen.The invention is therefore based on the object of resharpening the knife in the installed state creating a Material properties of the material to be processed to allow adapted clearance angle without reducing the other, with that described in DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 Sharpening method already achieved advantages to have to do without.

Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von dem in der DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 beschriebenen Arbeitsverfahren zum Nachschärfen von Messern im eingebauten Zustand durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Verfahrensmaßnahmen gelöst. Dadurch, daß der Schleifprozeß an den einzelnen Messerschneiden bei jeweils in definierter Position arretiertem Messerträger erfolgt, erhält die Stirnseite der Messer eine Kontur, die dem Radius des Schleiforgans entspricht, so daß die an die Messerstirnseite und an den Schneidenflugkreis angelegten Tangenten den entsprechenden Freiwinkel ergeben.This task is based on that in DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 described working methods for sharpening knives in installed state by those characterized in claim 1 Procedural measures resolved. Because the grinding process the individual knife edges in each case in a defined position locked knife holder, receives the front the knife has a contour that corresponds to the radius of the grinding element, so that on the knife face and on the cutting circle tangents the corresponding clearance angle surrender.

Wird das Schärfverfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 in der Weise ausgestaltet, daß das Vorschieben der Messer und das Schleifen ihrer Schneiden jeweils gleichzeitig erfolgen, so wird der Schärfprozeß zeitlich beträchtlich abgekürzt. If the sharpening method according to claim 2 is designed in such a way that advancing the knives and sharpening them Cutting takes place simultaneously, so the sharpening process considerably shortened in time.

Werden gemäß Anspruch 3, wie aus der DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 an sich bereits bekannt, beim Vorschieben der Messer die ihren Schneiden benachbarten Verschleißzustände des Messerträgers erfaßt und in die Programmierung des Schleifvorschubes einbezogen, so wird der für das jeweilige Zerkleinerungsprodukt optimale Schneidenvorstand unter Berücksichtigung des aktuellen Verschleißzustandes des Messerträgers erzielt.Are according to claim 3, as in DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 per se already known when pushing the knives their cutting neighboring wear states of the knife carrier are detected and included in the programming of the grinding feed, so becomes the optimal one for the respective shredding product Cutting board taking into account the current state of wear of the knife holder.

Bildet gemäß Anspruch 4 beim Vorschieben der Messer das Schleiforgan selbst den Anschlag für die verschlissenen Schneiden, so ergibt dies zwar eine erhebliche Vereinfachung des Schärfprozesses, doch muß dabei nach mehreren Schärfprozessen eine allmähliche Vergrößerung des Schneidenvorstandes über die Innenwand des Messerkranzes in Kauf genommen werden.Forms according to claim 4 when advancing the knife Grinder itself the stop for the worn out Cutting, this results in a considerable simplification of the sharpening process, but after several sharpening processes a gradual increase in the cutting board over the inner wall of the knife ring can be accepted.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann gemäß Anspruch 5 der Messerträger aus der Zerkleinerungsmaschine ausgebaut und in einer speziellen Schärfvorrichtung behandelt werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, according to claim 5 the knife carrier removed from the shredding machine and be treated in a special sharpening device.

Diese Schärfvorrichtung unterscheidet sich von der in der DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 beschriebenen Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 6 im wesentlichen dadurch, daß die Vorschubbahn des Schleifsupports zu dem die jeweilige Messerschneide tangierenden Radialstrahl des Schneidenflugkreises um den angestrebten Freiwinkel geneigt ist. This sharpening device differs from that in DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 described device according to claim 6 substantially in that the feed path of the grinding support too the radial jet of the tangent knife edge Cutting flight circle inclined by the desired clearance angle is.

Weitere Einzelheiten der speziellen Schärfvorrichtung ergeben sich aus den nachfolgenden Vorrichtungsansprüchen 7 bis 11, bei denen weitgehend auf die aus der DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 bereits bekannten Merkmale zurückgegriffen werden kann.Further details of the special sharpening device result from the following device claims 7 to 11 which largely to those already known from DE-PS 43 16 514 C2 Characteristics can be used.

Besonders erwähnenswert ist die im Anspruch 8 gekennzeichnete Maßnahme, wonach der Neigungswinkel der Vorschubbahn des Schleifsupports verstellbar ist, wodurch die in der Aufgabenstellung enthaltene Zielsetzung, den Freiwinkel den Eigenschaften des zu verarbeitenden Materials anpassen zu können, realisierbar ist.Particularly noteworthy is the one marked in claim 8 Measure according to which the angle of inclination of the feed path of the Grinding supports are adjustable, which means that in the task included objective, the clearance angle the properties to be able to adapt the material to be processed, is feasible.

In den Zeichnungen ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung speziell für einen Messerkranz zur Zerspanung von Holzschnitzeln dargestellt und im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
die Frontansicht einer Nachschärfvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
Fig. 2
eine Schnittdarstellung dieser Vorrichtung gemäß der Linie II-II in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht dieser Vorrichtung in Pfeilrichtung III in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4
Einzelheiten dieser Vorrichtung in vergrößertem Maßstab;
Fig. 5
eine spezielle Einzelheit in noch größerem Maßstab;
Fig. 6
die Schleifgeometrie des erfindungsgemäßen Schärfverfahrens, dargestellt an einem stark vergrößertem Messer.
In the drawings, an embodiment of the invention is shown specifically for a knife ring for cutting wood chips and described in more detail below. It shows:
Fig. 1
the front view of a resharpening device according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a sectional view of this device along the line II-II in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
a side view of this device in the direction of arrow III in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4
Details of this device on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 5
a special detail on an even larger scale;
Fig. 6
the grinding geometry of the sharpening method according to the invention, shown on a greatly enlarged knife.

Gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 besteht die Nachschärfvorrichtung aus einem Maschinengestell 1, an dem ein Geräteträger 2 mittels einer kreisförmigen, vertikalen Tragplatte 3 befestigt ist. An der Tragplatte 3 ist ein Drehkranz 6 gelagert, der mit einer achssenkrechten Drehscheibe 7 für die zentrische Befestigung eines Messerkranzes 8 verbunden ist. Der Drehkranz 6 ist von einem Ritzel 9 antreibbar, wobei sein Antriebsmotor 10 an der Rückseite des Maschinengestells 1 angeflanscht ist. Das Maschinengestell 1 ist von einem Schutzgehäuse 12 umgeben, das mit Rücksicht auf eine übersichtliche Darstellung der erfindungswesentlichen Teile nur in den Fig. 2 und 3 eingezeichnet ist. An dem Maschinengestell 1 ist eine pneumatisch betätigte Arretiereinrichtung 4 angebracht, deren Arretierbolzen 5 beim schrittweisen Weiterdrehen des Messerkranzes 8 nacheinander in Positionsbohrungen 14 einrastet, die an einer seiner beiden Ringscheiben 13 den einzelnen Messerhalterungen 15 in der Weise zugeordnet sind, daß sie auf der Verlängerung einer Geraden liegen, die den Mittelpunkt M des Messerkranzes 8 mit der jeweiligen Messerschneide S verbindet.1 and 2, the resharpening device consists of a Machine frame 1 on which a device carrier 2 by means of a circular, vertical support plate 3 is attached. At the Support plate 3 is a slewing ring 6 mounted with a Axial turntable 7 for central attachment a knife ring 8 is connected. The slewing ring 6 is from a pinion 9 can be driven, its drive motor 10 on the Back of the machine frame 1 is flanged. The Machine frame 1 is surrounded by a protective housing 12 which with a clear view of the Parts essential to the invention are only shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is. On the machine frame 1 is a pneumatic actuated locking device 4 attached, the locking bolt 5 gradually turning the knife ring 8 in succession in position bores 14 which engages in a its two washers 13 the individual knife holders 15 are assigned in such a way that they are on the extension a straight line, which is the center point M of the knife ring 8 connects to the respective knife edge S.

Im unteren Bereich des Maschinengestells 1 ist ein aus zwei parallelen Tragstangen 11 bestehender, pneumatisch betätigter Ausbauschlitten 16 vorgesehen, mittels dem der Messerkranz 8 in bzw. aus der Nachschärfvorrichtung ein- und ausgeschoben werden kann.In the lower area of the machine frame 1 there is one out of two parallel support rods 11 existing, pneumatically operated Removal slide 16 provided by means of which the knife ring 8 in or be pushed in and out of the resharpening device can.

Auf dem Geräteträger 2 ist ein Schleifaggregat 17 angebracht, das aus einer Schleifscheibe 18, einem Antriebsmotor 19 und einem Riementrieb 20 besteht. Das Schleifaggregat 17 ist auf einem Support 21 befestigt, der auf einer Vorschubbahn 22 in radialer Richtung und auf einer axialen Gleitführung 23 in axialer Richtung bewegbar ist. Die axiale Hin- und Herbewegung während des Schärfprozesses besorgt eine von Endschaltern gesteuerte Hydraulikeinheit 24. Zur programmierten Vorschubbewegung des Schleifaggregates 17 dient ein programmgesteuerter Spezialantrieb 25. Zum Schutz der Vorschubbahn 22 ist eine Faltenbalgmanschette 26 vorgesehen.A grinding unit 17 is attached to the device carrier 2, that from a grinding wheel 18, a drive motor 19 and there is a belt drive 20. The grinding unit 17 is on a support 21 attached to a feed path 22 in radial direction and on an axial sliding guide 23 in is movable in the axial direction. The axial reciprocation during the sharpening process, one controlled by limit switches Hydraulic unit 24. For the programmed feed movement the grinding unit 17 is a program-controlled Special drive 25. To protect the feed path 22 is a Bellows sleeve 26 is provided.

Des weiteren ist am Geräteträger 2 eine Justiereinrichtung 28 angebracht, die aus einem pneumatisch betätigbaren Messeranschlag 29 besteht, dem ein Positionstaster 30 zur Erfassung des Verschleißzustandes der Innenwand 8' des Messerkranzes 8 zugeordnet ist. Wie aus Fig. 5 ersichtlich, kann durch Beilegen dünner Distanzplättchen 31 am Messeranschlag 29 der gleichmäßige Vorschub der Zerspanmesser 32 dem jeweiligen Schneidenverschleiß angepaßt werden. Die programmgesteuerte Radialbewegung des Messeranschlages 29 besorgt eine Pneumatikeinheit 33.Furthermore, an adjustment device 28 is located on the device carrier 2 attached that from a pneumatically operated knife stop 29 there is a position button 30 for detecting the Wear condition of the inner wall 8 'of the knife ring 8 assigned is. As can be seen from Fig. 5, by enclosing thin spacer plate 31 on the knife stop 29 the uniform Feed the cutting knife 32 to the respective cutting edge wear be adjusted. The program-controlled radial movement of the knife stop 29 is provided by a pneumatic unit 33.

Erfindungsgemäß ist, wie anhand der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Schleifgeometrie näher erläutert, die Vorschubbahn 22 des Schleifsupports 21 zu dem den Wirkbereich des Schleifaggregates 17 tangierenden Radialstrahl R des Schneidenflugkreises KR um den angestrebten Freiwinkel ϕ geneigt. Außerdem ist, wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich, bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung der Wirkbereich des Schleifaggregates 17 zur Wirkrichtung der Justiereinrichtung 28 um den Vorsatzwinkel α versetzt, was zur Folge hat, daß die Vorschubbahn 22 des Schleifsupports 21 zur Wirkrichtung der Justiereinrichtung 28 um den Winkel (α-ϕ) geneigt ist.According to the invention, as explained in more detail with reference to the grinding geometry shown in FIG. 6, the feed path 22 of the grinding support 21 is inclined to the radial beam R of the cutting flight circle K R tangent to the effective range of the grinding unit 17 by the desired clearance angle ϕ. In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 4, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the effective range of the grinding unit 17 is offset by the attachment angle α from the effective direction of the adjusting device 28, with the result that the feed path 22 of the grinding support 21 is offset from the effective direction of the adjusting device 28 the angle (α-ϕ) is inclined.

Zum Vorschieben der einzelnen Messer 32 bis zu dem vom Positionstaster 30 definierten Messeranschlag 29 dient eine Werkzeugkombination 35, die auf einem Werkzeugständer 34 montiert ist. Sie besteht aus drei Schraubspindeln 36 zum Lockern und Wiederanziehen der Klemmschrauben 37 an den Messerhalterungen 15; ferner aus zwei Messerstößeln 39 zum einzelnen Vorschieben der Messer 32 und schließlich aus zwei Niederhaltern 40, die das Ruhigstellen der gelockerten Messerhalteplatten 38 während des Vorschiebens der Messer besorgt. Sämtliche Werkzeuge 36, 39 und 40 werden programmgesteuert pneumatisch betätigt. Im unteren Bereich des Werkzeugständers 34 ist außerdem eine Preßluftdüse 41 angebracht, die ebenfalls auf einer Gleitschiene 42 mittels einer von Endschaltern gesteuerten Pneumatik in Achsrichtung hin- und herbewegbar ist.For advancing the individual knives 32 up to that of the position button 30 defined knife stop 29 is a tool combination 35, which is mounted on a tool stand 34 is. It consists of three screw spindles 36 for loosening and Retighten the clamping screws 37 on the knife holders 15; furthermore from two knife plungers 39 for individual advancement the knife 32 and finally two hold-downs 40 which immobilizing the loosened knife holding plates 38 during worried about pushing the knives. All tools 36, 39 and 40 are pneumatically operated under program control. in the lower area of the tool stand 34 is also a Compressed air nozzle 41 attached, which is also on a Slide rail 42 by means of one controlled by limit switches Pneumatics can be moved back and forth in the axial direction.

Die in der Fig. 6 an einem stark vergrößert dargestellten Messer 32 demonstrierte Schleifgeometrie zeigt eine Messerschneide S, deren Lage durch die den Positionsbohrungen 14 entsprechende Arretierposition P definiert ist. In ihr schneiden sich der von der Mitte M des Schneidenflugkreises KR ausgehende Radialstrahl R und der von der Mitte m des Schleifkreises Kr ausgehende Radialstrahl r, wobei die ihnen zugeordneten Tangenten tR und tr den Freiwinkel ϕ einschließen. Der Schleifvorschub v erfolgt in Richtung des Radialstrahles r des Schleifkreises kr, wobei die Stirnfläche F des Messers eine konkave, dem Schleifkreis kr entsprechende Kontur erhält.The grinding geometry shown in FIG. 6 on a knife 32 shown in a greatly enlarged manner shows a knife edge S, the position of which is defined by the locking position P corresponding to the position bores 14. The radial beam R starting from the center M of the cutting circle K R and the radial beam r starting from the center m of the grinding circle K r intersect, the tangents t R and t r assigned to them including the clearance angle ϕ. The grinding feed v takes place in the direction of the radial jet r of the grinding circle k r , the end face F of the knife receiving a concave contour corresponding to the grinding circle k r .

Die als Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung beschriebene Nachschärfvorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt:The resharpening device described as an embodiment of the invention works as follows:

Nach Ausbau eines Messerkranzes 8 aus einer Zerspanmaschine wird der auf einem Spezialwagen 44 in den Schärfraum gefahrene und dort vor der Nachschärfvorrichtung in der aus Fig. 2 ersichtlichen Position in Stellung gebracht. Sodann wird der Einund Ausbauschlitten 16 so weit ausgefahren, daß seine Tragstangen 11 den Messerkranz 8 untergreifen und ihn bei ihrer Rückbewegung in die in der Drehscheibe 7 vorgesehene Zentrierung ziehen, worin er dann befestigt wird. Nun wird der Messerkranz 8 zunächst einer Reinigungsprozedur mittels der hin- und herbewegbaren Preßluftdüse 41 bei sich langsam drehenden Messerkranz 8 unterzogen. Anschließend rastet der Arretierbolzen 5 der Arretiereinrichtung 4 in eine der Positionsbohrungen 14 des Messerkranzes 8 ein, wodurch die betreffende Messerschneide S die Verbindungsgerade zwischen dem Mittelpunkt M des Messerkranzes 8 und der Arretierposition P tangiert. Dabei schließt die Richtung des Schleifvorschubes v, wie in Fig. 6 schematisch dargestellt, mit dieser Geraden den Freiwinkel ϕ an der Messerschneide S ein.After removal of a knife ring 8 from a cutting machine is driven into the sharpening area on a special carriage 44 and there in front of the resharpening device in the one shown in FIG. 2 Position brought into position. Then the one and only Removal slide 16 extended so far that its Support rods 11 reach under the knife ring 8 and him in her Return movement into that provided in the turntable 7 Pull the centering, in which it is then attached. Now the Knife ring 8 first of all a cleaning procedure by means of the reciprocating compressed air nozzle 41 slowly rotating knife ring 8 subjected. Then the snaps Locking bolt 5 of the locking device 4 in one of the Position holes 14 of the knife ring 8, whereby the Knife cutting edge S in question is the straight line between the Center M of the knife ring 8 and the locking position P affects. The direction of the grinding feed v closes as shown schematically in Fig. 6, with this straight line the clearance angle ϕ on the knife edge S.

Nun beginnt der zentral gesteuerte, automatische Funktionsablauf des eigentlichen Schärfprozesses: Zunächst lockern die Schraubspindeln 36 die Klemmschrauben 37 der betreffenden Messerhalterung 15. Zugleich wird der Messeranschlag 29 der Justiereinrichtung 28 von seiner Pneumatik 33 radial so weit vorgeschoben, bis der ihm zugeordnete Positionstaster 30 an einer der betreffenden Messerschneide S benachbarten Stelle der Innenwand 8' des Messerkranzes 8, also z.B. an dem benachbarten Verschleißschuh 43 anliegt. Nun werden die Niederhalter 40 und die Messerstößel 39 aktiviert und dabei das betreffende Messer 32 im Messerkranz 8 so weit nach innen geschoben, bis seine Schneide S am Messeranschlag 29 der Justiereinrichtung 28 anstößt.Now the centrally controlled, automatic functional sequence begins the actual sharpening process: First, loosen the Screw spindles 36, the clamping screws 37 of the knife holder in question 15. At the same time the knife stop 29 Adjustment device 28 from its pneumatic 33 radially so far advanced until the associated position button 30 on one of the relevant knife edge S adjacent location of the Inner wall 8 'of the knife ring 8, e.g. on the neighboring one Wear shoe 43 is present. Now the hold-downs 40 and the knife plunger 39 activated and the knife in question 32 in the knife ring 8 pushed in until its Cut S on the knife stop 29 of the adjusting device 28 triggers.

Diese Messerstellung wird nun durch Wiederanziehen der Klemmschrauben 37 mittels der Schraubspindeln 36 bei gleichzeitigem Zurückziehen der Messerstößel 39 und der Niederhalter 40 fixiert. Daraufhin veranlaßt die zentrale Steuerung das Zurückziehen des Messeranschlages 29 und des Arretierbolzens 5 aus der Positionsbohrung 14 sowie das Weiterdrehen des Messerkranzes 8 um eine Messerteilung, wonach der Arretierbolzen 5 in die nächste Positionsbohrung 14 einrastet. Daraufhin wiederholt sich das Vorschieben der Messer in der beschriebenen Weise.This knife position is now by tightening the clamping screws 37 by means of the screw spindles 36 at the same time Retract the knife plunger 39 and the hold-down device 40 fixed. The central control then causes the retraction the knife stop 29 and the locking bolt 5 the position bore 14 and the turning of the knife ring 8 by a knife division, after which the locking bolt 5 into the next position bore 14 engages. Then repeated advancing the knife in the manner described.

Kommt nach mehrmaligem Weiterdrehen des Messerkranzes 8 das als erstes vorgeschobene Messer in den Wirkbereich der Schleifscheibe 18, im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel also nach fünfmaligem Weiterdrehen, so wird der Schleifprozeß in Gang gesetzt. Von nun an erfolgt das Schleifen der Messerschneiden S zugleich mit dem Vorschieben der Messer an einer anderen Stelle bei ein und derselben Arretierungsposition des Messerkranzes 8.Comes after turning the knife ring 8 several times first knife advanced into the effective area of the grinding wheel 18, so in the illustrated embodiment five more turns, the grinding process is started. From now on, the knife edges S are ground at the same time as the knives are being advanced to another location with one and the same locking position of the knife ring 8.

Hierzu veranlaßt die Folgesteuerung die Zustellung des Schleifsupports 21 so weit zum Messerkranz 8 hin, bis die in Gang gesetzte Schleifscheibe 18 in Kontakt mit einem der vorgeschobenen Messer 32 kommt. Dabei nimmt die Schleifscheibe 18 ein Drehmoment auf, das die Stromaufnahme ihres Antriebsmotors 19 signifikant erhöht und somit als Steuerimpuls der Programmautomatik den Beginn des wirksamen Schleifvorschubes signalisiert. Dabei bewegt der programmgesteuerte Spezialantrieb 25 das Schleifaggregat 17 allmählich gegen die Stirnfläche F des betreffenden Messers 32.For this purpose, the sequential control system delivers the grinding support 21 so far to the knife ring 8 until the started Grinding wheel 18 in contact with one of the advanced ones Knife 32 is coming. The grinding wheel 18 takes up Torque on the current consumption of their drive motor 19th significantly increased and thus as a control impulse of the automatic program signals the start of the effective grinding feed. The program-controlled special drive 25 moves this Grinding unit 17 gradually against the end face F des relevant knife 32.

Dieser in der Regel nur einige Zehntel Millimeter betragende Schleifvorschub v wird durch zwei Parameter vorprogrammiert, und zwar zum einen von den vom Positionstaster 30 festgestellten örtlichen Verschleißzuständen der Innenwand 8' des Messerkranzes 8, also z.B. seiner Verschleißschuhe 46, und zum anderen von dem vorgegebenen Schneidenvorstand der Messerschneiden S über die Innenwand 8'. Während des besagten Schleifvorschubes wird die Schleifscheibe 18 zusätzlich langsam axial hin- und herbewegt. Sobald jeweils der Schleifprozeß an einem Messer 32 und der an anderer Stelle des Messerkranzes 8 getätigte Messervorschub abgeschlossen sind, werden die beiden Wirksysteme in ihre Ausgangpositionen zurückbewegt und der Messerkranz 8 um eine Messerteilung weitergedreht. Sind sämtliche Messer 32 nacheinander vorgeschoben, so wird der Schleifprozeß für die aufgrund des Winkelversatzes α der beiden Wirkbereiche von Justierung und Schleifen noch nicht geschärften Messer 32 separat fortgesetzt. Nach Abschluß des geschilderten Schärfprozesses sind dann die Schneiden S aller Messer 32 bei konstantem, gleichmäßigem Schneidenvorstand über die Innenwand 8' des Messerkranzes 8 wieder scharf.This is usually only a few tenths of a millimeter Grinding feed v is preprogrammed by two parameters, on the one hand from those determined by the position button 30 local wear conditions of the inner wall 8 'of the knife ring 8, e.g. of his wear shoes 46, and for others from the specified cutting board of knife blades S over the inner wall 8 '. During the said Grinding feed, the grinding wheel 18 is also slow axially back and forth. As soon as the grinding process starts a knife 32 and the knife ring 8 at another point the knife feed is completed, the two Active systems moved back to their starting positions and the knife ring 8 rotated by one knife division. Are all Knife 32 advanced one after the other, so the grinding process for those due to the angular misalignment α of the two effective ranges Knives not yet sharpened by adjustment and grinding 32 continued separately. After completing the described sharpening process are the cutting edges S of all knives 32 at constant, uniform cutting board over the inner wall 8 'of Knife ring 8 sharp again.

Claims (11)

Arbeitsverfahren zum Nachschärfen der Messer von Zerkleinerungsmaschinen, insbesondere der Zerspanmesser für Holz, die in einem zylindrischen, rotierbaren Messerträger durch lösbare Klemmung derart gehaltert sind, daß ihre Schneiden im Arbeitsprozeß auf einem gemeinsamen Flugkreis liegen, wobei das Schärfen durch Schleifen bei ihrem im Messerträger eingebauten Zustand erfolgt, wozu vor dem Schärfen sämtliche Messer nacheinander in ihrer Halterung gelockert und um einen dem Schneidenverschleiß entsprechenden Betrag in ihren Wirkbereich vorgeschoben und in dieser Stellung erneut festgeklemmt werden, dadurch gekennzeichent, daß der Schleifprozeß an den einzelnen Messerschneiden (S) bei jeweils arretiertem Messerträger erfolgt, wobei der Schleifvorschub (v) längs des Radialstrahles (r) des Schleifkreises (Kr) erfolgt, der mit dem an der jeweiligen Arretierposition (P) des Messerträgers orientierten Radialstrahl (R) des Schneidenflugkreises (KR) an der Messerschneide S den Freiwinkel (ϕ) einschließt (Fig. 6).Working methods for resharpening the knives of comminution machines, in particular the cutting knives for wood, which are held in a cylindrical, rotatable knife carrier by releasable clamping in such a way that their cutting edges lie on a common flight circle in the working process, the sharpening by grinding in their state installed in the knife carrier This is done by loosening all the knives in their holders one after the other before sharpening and pushing them into their effective area by an amount corresponding to the cutting edge wear and clamping them again in this position, characterized in that the grinding process takes place on the individual knife edges (S) with the knife holder locked in each case , whereby the grinding feed (v) takes place along the radial jet (r) of the grinding circle (K r ), which with the radial jet (R) of the cutting flight circle (K R ) on the knife edge S d. oriented on the respective locking position (P) of the knife carrier clearance angle (ϕ) (Fig. 6). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vorschieben der Messer jeweils gleichzeitig mit dem Schleifen ihrer Schneiden (S) bei gleichen Arretierpositionen (P) des Messerträgers erfolgen. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Advance the knives simultaneously with the Grinding their cutting edges (S) with the same locking positions (P) of the knife holder. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Vorschieben der Messer die den Schneiden (S) benachbarten Verschleißzustände des Messerträgers erfaßt und in die Programmierung des Schleifvorschubes einbezogen werden.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that when the knives are advanced, the blades (S) are adjacent Wear conditions of the knife carrier are recorded and included in the programming of the grinding feed will. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Vorschieben der Messer das Schleiforgan selbst den Justieranschlag für die verschlissenen Messerschneiden bildet.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that when the knife advances the grinding element itself Adjustment stop for the worn knife edges forms. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Nachschärfen der Messerschneiden der Messerträger aus der Zerkleinerungsmaschine ausgebaut und in einer speziellen Schleifvorrichtung behandelt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that to sharpen the knife edges of the Knife holder removed from the shredding machine and is treated in a special grinding device. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 5, speziell zum Nachschärfen eines Messerkranzes (8) mit nach innen gerichteten Schneiden (S), bei der auf einem Maschinengestell (1) eine den Messerkranz (8) aufnehmende Drehscheibe (7) gelagert sowie auf einem stationären Geräteträger (2) der Support (21) eines Schleifaggregates (17) translatorisch bewegbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichent, daß die Vorschubbahn (22) des Schleifsupports (21) zum die jeweilige Messerschneide (S) tangierenden Radialstrahl (R) des Schneidenflugkreises (KR) um den angestrebten Freiwinkel (ϕ) geneigt ist (Fig. 4). Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 5, especially for resharpening a knife ring (8) with inwardly directed cutting edges (S), in which a turntable (7) receiving the knife ring (8) is mounted on a machine frame (1) and on a stationary one Device carrier (2) of the support (21) of a grinding unit (17) can be moved in translation, characterized in that the feed path (22) of the grinding support (21) to the radial jet (R) of the cutting flight circle (K R ) tangent to the respective knife edge (S) is inclined by the desired clearance angle (ϕ) (Fig. 4). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei der eine Justiereinrichtung (28) für einen dem Schneidenverschleiß entsprechenden gleichmäßigen Vorschub der Messer (32) über die zylindrige Innenwand (8') des Messerkranzes (8) vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wirkbereich des Schleifaggregates (17) zur Wirkrichtung der Justiereinrichtung (28) um einen Versatzwinkel (α) versetzt ist, wobei die Vorschubbahn (22) des Schleifsupports (21) zur Wirkrichtung der Justiereinrichtung (28) um den Versatzwinkel (α), abzüglich des angestrebten Freiwinkels (ϕ), also um den Winkel (α-ϕ) geneigt ist (Fig. 4).Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein an adjusting device (28) for a cutting edge wear uniform feed of the knives (32) over the cylindrical Inner wall (8 ') of the knife ring (8) provided is characterized in that the effective range of the Grinding unit (17) for the direction of action of the adjusting device (28) is offset by an offset angle (α), wherein the feed path (22) of the grinding support (21) for Direction of action of the adjusting device (28) by the offset angle (α), minus the desired clearance angle (ϕ), is inclined by the angle (α-ϕ) (Fig. 4). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeicnet, daß der Neigungswinkel (α-ϕ) der Vorschubbahn (22) des Schleifsupports (21) zwecks Veränderbarkeit des Freiwinkels (ϕ) verstellbar ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the Tilt angle (α-ϕ) of the feed path (22) of the grinding support (21) to change the clearance angle (ϕ) is adjustable. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schleifaggregat (17) aus einer rotierbaren Schleifscheibe (18) besteht, deren Support (21) außer auf der Vorschubbahn (22) zugleich auf einer axialen Gleitführung (23) mittels einer Hydraulikeinheit (24) hin- und herbewegbar ist.Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that that the grinding unit (17) from a rotatable grinding wheel (18) exists, their support (21) except on the feed path (22) at the same time on an axial sliding guide (23) movable back and forth by means of a hydraulic unit (24) is. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung (35, 28) für den gleichmäßigen Messervorschub zumindest einen auf die Rückseite der Messer (32) wirkenden Stößel (39) sowie einen den Messervorschub begrenzenden Anschlag (29) aufweist.Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that that the device (35, 28) for the uniform Knife feed at least one on the back the knife (32) acting plunger (39) and a knife feed limiting stop (29). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Messeranschlag (29) der Justiereinrichtung (28) ein Positionstaster (30) für die Erfassung der Verschleißzustände an der Innenwand (8') des Messerkranzes (8) zugeordnet ist, der in eine elektronische Steuereinrichtung integriert ist, die den zur Erzielung des angestrebten Schneidenvorstandes erforderlichen Schleifvorschub (v) in Abhängigkeit von den gemittelten Verschleißzuständen programmiert.Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the knife stop (29) of the adjusting device (28) has a position button (30) for the detection of the wear conditions on the inner wall (8 ') of the knife ring (8), which is integrated in an electronic control device, to achieve the desired cutting board required grinding feed (v) depending on the programmed wear conditions.
EP97111691A 1996-07-23 1997-07-10 Method and apparatus for sharpening cutters for a crusher, in particular for wood Expired - Lifetime EP0820836B1 (en)

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EP0820836B1 (en) 2001-02-28
CA2211242A1 (en) 1998-01-23
CA2211242C (en) 2006-10-10

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