EP0718742A2 - Power management for clocked electrical consumers - Google Patents
Power management for clocked electrical consumers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0718742A2 EP0718742A2 EP95117858A EP95117858A EP0718742A2 EP 0718742 A2 EP0718742 A2 EP 0718742A2 EP 95117858 A EP95117858 A EP 95117858A EP 95117858 A EP95117858 A EP 95117858A EP 0718742 A2 EP0718742 A2 EP 0718742A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power
- control
- consumers
- control according
- controls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
Definitions
- the invention relates to a power control for electrical consumers on the public power supply network, which work predominantly in cyclical operation, for example power controls for large ohmic consumers, heating of household appliances and larger switching capacities of other types in modern households.
- network perturbation is to be understood as a perturbation known as a flicker, which has the effect of fluctuations in the mains voltage caused by the switching of consumers.
- the electricity suppliers therefore define permissible switching frequencies depending on the switched outputs.
- the permissible switching frequency decreases with the amount of power to be switched.
- Electronic power controls which control power by switching a consumer on and off, generally do this by means of variable switch-on times with a constant period. To performance to be supplied by consumers as evenly as possible, this period should be relatively short. With increasing switching power, this is limited by the flicker rate described above. Especially with large switching capacities, the period that is still permissible is very long.
- the object of the invention is therefore to adapt the power control of ohmic consumers in cyclical operation to the flicker value conditions.
- the arrangement according to the invention for solving this problem is characterized in that a controller controls the power supply for predominantly ohmic heavy consumers in accordance with the operating conditions for public power supply networks, limiting conditions, for example network feedback effects, being avoided in a regulating manner by the controller limiting the consumer and / or Controls the duration of the period to vary.
- a controller controls the power supply for predominantly ohmic heavy consumers in accordance with the operating conditions for public power supply networks, limiting conditions, for example network feedback effects, being avoided in a regulating manner by the controller limiting the consumer and / or Controls the duration of the period to vary.
- the consumers are heaters that are power-controlled with at least two preferred cycle periods.
- the figure shows a basic arrangement of a clock-controlled consumer circuit.
- the figure symbolically shows a controller 1, input elements 2, displays 3 operated by the controller, a power controller 4 and the consumer 5 controlled by the controller via the power controller 4.
- the controller 1 can be selected on the input side by the input elements in such a way that it decrypts a time-power profile and, accordingly, outputs the controlled power which is matched to the consumer via the power controller 4, which is generally a power relay. It is common practice for the controller to also operate displays which can be used to remove the selected program, display the status of the progress program and signal the end of an operation.
- the control system supplies the electrical power depending on the physical properties of the selected radiators, whereby the control system for hobs controls energy-optimized depending on the pre-selected power levels and optimizes the power cycle with a variable power-on period up to the permissible mains feedback limit.
- the heaters aforementioned Concerning hobs, this can be conventional radiant heat sources or halogen radiant heat sources.
- the period of the power control varies. As the power increases, the period becomes shorter. This can be necessary for every adjustable power level.
- the invention is realized by a power control according to claim 1, but it can also be arranged depending on the power setting, a number of switchable time modules that implement digital time control.
- the time control can advantageously be implemented in terms of hardware, for example by means of a special ASIC, but the time control can also be implemented via hardware-related programming steps.
- the invention takes into account in an advantageous manner that, in the case of input powers of a few percent of the total power, despite longer periods, for example about 2 minutes, the switch-on time is only a few seconds. These short power surges are so evened out by the thermal inertia of the hotplates that this does not have a negative effect on the food to be heated. Amplitudes of a few degrees of temperature are harmless to the heating area and do not negatively affect the cooking result. However, these increasing power surges would be detrimental to larger outputs in the cooking mode, since larger amplitudes in the cooking mode prevent uniform cooking.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Leistungssteuerung für elektrische Verbraucher am öffentlichen Stromversorgungsnetz, die vorwiegend im Taktbetrieb arbeiten, beispielsweise Leistungssteuerungen für ohm'sche Großverbraucher, Heizungen von Haushaltgeräten und größere Schaltleistungen anderer Art im modernen Haushalt.The invention relates to a power control for electrical consumers on the public power supply network, which work predominantly in cyclical operation, for example power controls for large ohmic consumers, heating of household appliances and larger switching capacities of other types in modern households.
Elektrische Verbraucher dürfen zur Vermeidung von schädigenden Netzrückwirkungen in das Stromversorgungsnetz nicht beliebig häufig ein- und ausgeschaltet werden. Unter Netzrückwirkungen ist in diesem Zusammenhang eine als Flicker bezeichnete Rückwirkung zu verstehen, die zur Auswirkung Netzspannungschwankungen hat, die durch das Schalten von Verbrauchern entstehen. Die Stromversorger definieren daher zulässige Schalthäufigkeiten in Abhängigkeit von geschalteten Leistungen. Die zulässige Schalthäufigkeit nimmt mit der Höhe der zu schaltenden Leistung ab. Elektronische Leistungssteuerungen, die Leistung durch Ein- und Ausschalten eines Verbrauchers steuern, tun dies in aller Regel durch variable Einschaltzeit bei konstanter Periodendauer. Um die Leistung von Verbrauchern möglichst gleichmäßig abzugeben, sollte diese Periodendauer relativ kurz sein. Dies wird mit zunehmender Schaltleistung durch die oben bezeichnete Flickerrate begrenzt. Speziell bei großen Schaltleistungen ist die Periodendauer, die noch zulässig ist, sehr lang.Electrical consumers must not be switched on and off as often as necessary to avoid damaging network effects in the power supply network. In this context, network perturbation is to be understood as a perturbation known as a flicker, which has the effect of fluctuations in the mains voltage caused by the switching of consumers. The electricity suppliers therefore define permissible switching frequencies depending on the switched outputs. The permissible switching frequency decreases with the amount of power to be switched. Electronic power controls, which control power by switching a consumer on and off, generally do this by means of variable switch-on times with a constant period. To performance to be supplied by consumers as evenly as possible, this period should be relatively short. With increasing switching power, this is limited by the flicker rate described above. Especially with large switching capacities, the period that is still permissible is very long.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, die Leistungssteuerung von ohm'schen Verbrauchern in Taktbetrieb den Flickerwertbedingungen anzupassen.The object of the invention is therefore to adapt the power control of ohmic consumers in cyclical operation to the flicker value conditions.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Steuerung die Leistungszuführung für überwiegend ohm'sche Starkverbraucher gemäß der Betriebsbedingungen für öffentliche Stromversorgungsnetze kontrolliert steuert, wobei Grenzbedingungen, beispielsweise Netzrückwirkungseffekte, regelnd vermieden werden, indem die Steuerung den Verbraucher leistungsbegrenzend und/oder Periodendauer variierend ansteuert. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Lösung der Aufgabenstellung besteht darin, daß die Verbraucher Heizungen sind, die mit mindestens zwei Vorzugs-Taktperioden leistungsgesteuert werden.The arrangement according to the invention for solving this problem is characterized in that a controller controls the power supply for predominantly ohmic heavy consumers in accordance with the operating conditions for public power supply networks, limiting conditions, for example network feedback effects, being avoided in a regulating manner by the controller limiting the consumer and / or Controls the duration of the period to vary. Another advantageous solution to the problem is that the consumers are heaters that are power-controlled with at least two preferred cycle periods.
Es gibt Verbraucher, deren Leistungsaufnahme stark temperaturabhängig ist. Solche Verbraucher bedingen bei geringer eingesteuerter Leistung wegen der hohen Einschaltströme eine gegenüber Betrieb mit Nennleistung sehr viel größere Periodendauer. Beispielsweise sind solche Verbraucher Halogenkochstellen-Heizungen, ohm'sche Widerstandsheizungen oder leistungsstarke Glühlampen. Handelt es sich um einen Heizkörper, beispielsweise eine Halogenkochstellen-Strahlungsheizung, dann kühlt diese durch die kurze Ein- und lange Auszeit stark ab und bleibt somit niederohmig, was beim Wiedereinschalten eine hohe Leistungsaufnahme zur Folge hat, verbunden mit großen Flickerwerten. Bei konventioneller, bisher üblicher Steuerung muß dadurch die Periodendauer insgesamt sehr lang werden, was die Leistungseinsteuerung mit einer ungleichmäßigen Wirkung versieht.There are consumers whose power consumption is strongly temperature-dependent. With low input power, such consumers require a much longer period compared to operation with nominal power because of the high inrush currents. Such consumers are, for example, halogen cooker heaters, ohmic resistance heaters or powerful incandescent lamps. If it is a radiator, for example a halogen hotplate radiant heater, it cools down considerably due to the short on and long off times and thus remains low-resistance, which results in high power consumption when switched on again. combined with large flicker values. In the case of conventional control, which has been customary to date, the period as a whole must therefore become very long, which provides the power control with an uneven effect.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Erfindung ist im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawing.
Die Figur zeigt eine prinzipielle Anordnung einer taktgesteuerten Verbraucherschaltung. In der Figur sind symbolisch eine Steuerung 1, Eingabeelemente 2, von der Steuerung bediente Anzeigen 3, ein Leistungssteller 4 und der von der Steuerung über den Leistungssteller 4 angesteuerte Verbraucher 5 dargestellt. Dabei kann die Steuerung 1 durch die Eingabeelemente eingangsseitig so angewählt werden, daß sie ein Zeit-Leistungsprofil entschlüsselt und entsprechend über den Leistungsssteller 4, der in aller Regel ein Leistungsrelais ist, die gesteuerte und auf den Verbraucher abgestimmte Leistung abgibt. Es ist allgemein üblich, daß die Steuerung auch Anzeigen bedient, über die das angewählte Programm nochmals entnehmbar, der Zustand des Fortschrittprogrammes angezeigt, und das Ende einer Operation signalisiert wird. Unterstellt man, daß es sich bei dem Verbraucher um Kochstellenheizungen bei Haushaltgeräten, beispielsweise Kochflächen, handelt, dann sind diese Heizungen mit mindestens zwei Vorzugstaktperioden von der Steuerung leistungsgesteuert steuerbar. Dabei führt die Steuerung die elektrischen Leistungen in Abhängigkeit von den physikalischen Eigenschaften der angewählten Heizkörper zu, wobei die Steuerung für Kochfelder in Abhängigkeit von vorgewählten Leistungstufen energieoptimiert steuert und die Leistungstaktung bei variabler Leistungszuschaltungs-Periodendauer bis zur zulässigen Netzrückwirkungsgrenze optimiert. Die Heizungen, vorgenannte Kochfelder betreffend, können dabei konventionelle Strahlungsheizquellen oder Halogen-Strahlungsheizquellen sein. Bei einem Leistungssteller gemäß der Erfindung variiert die Periodendauer der Leistungssteuerung. Mit zunehmender Leistung wir die Periodendauer kürzer. Dies kann bei jeder einstellbaren Leistungsstufe notwendig werden. In der Regel ist es ausreichend, zwei unterschiedliche Periodendauern zu verwenden, längere Periodendauern bei kleinen Leistungen und kürzere Periodendauer bei mittleren und größeren Leistungen. Für Kochzwecke hat die Erfahrung ergeben, daß feinere Abstufungen keine großen Vorteile mehr erbringen. Die Erfindung ist durch eine Leistungssteuerung gemäß Anspruch 1 realisiert, es kann aber auch in Abhängigkeit von der Leistungseinstellung eine Anzahl umschaltbarer Zeitmodule angeordnet werden, die eine digitale Zeitsteuerung realisieren. In vorteilhafter Weise kann die Zeitsteuerung hardwaremäßig ausgeführt sein, beispielsweise durch einen speziellen ASIC, es kann aber auch über hadwarebedingte Programmierungsschritte die Zeitsteuerung realisiert sein.The figure shows a basic arrangement of a clock-controlled consumer circuit. The figure symbolically shows a controller 1, input elements 2, displays 3 operated by the controller, a power controller 4 and the
Die Erfindung berücksichtigt in vorteilhafter Weise, daß bei eingesteuerten Leistungen von wenigen Prozent der Gesamtleistung, trotz größerer Periodendauern, beispielsweise etwa 2 Minuten, die Einschaltzeit nur wenige Sekunden beträgt. Diese kurzen Leistungsstöße werden durch die thermische Trägheit der Kochstellen so weit vergleichmäßigt, daß sich dies nicht auf das zu erwärmende Gargut negativ auswirkt. Amplituden von einigen Temperaturgraden sind für den Wärmebereich unschädlich und beeinflussen das Garergebnis nicht negativ. Für größere Leistungen im Kochbetrieb wären diese zunehmenden Leistungsstöße aber schädlich, da größere Amplituden im Kochbetrieb gleichmäßiges Kochen ausschließen. Es ist daher steuerungsmäßig berücksichtigt, daß sich beispielsweise Halogen-Strahlungsheizungen in den Heizpausen geringer abkühlen, womit die Einschaltströmen vergleichmäßigt werden, also keine Maximalwerte von Einschaltströmen auftreten können. Damit ist mit zunehmender Leistungseinsteuerung auch eine Verkürzung der Periodendauer möglich, ohne daß die zulässige Flickerrate überschritten wird.The invention takes into account in an advantageous manner that, in the case of input powers of a few percent of the total power, despite longer periods, for example about 2 minutes, the switch-on time is only a few seconds. These short power surges are so evened out by the thermal inertia of the hotplates that this does not have a negative effect on the food to be heated. Amplitudes of a few degrees of temperature are harmless to the heating area and do not negatively affect the cooking result. However, these increasing power surges would be detrimental to larger outputs in the cooking mode, since larger amplitudes in the cooking mode prevent uniform cooking. In terms of control, it is therefore taken into account that, for example, halogen radiant heaters cool down less during the heating breaks, so that the inrush currents are equalized, i.e. no maximum values of inrush currents can occur. With increasing power control, a shortening of the period is possible without the permissible flicker rate being exceeded.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4445559 | 1994-12-20 | ||
DE4445559A DE4445559A1 (en) | 1994-12-20 | 1994-12-20 | Power control for clocked electrical consumers |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0718742A2 true EP0718742A2 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
EP0718742A3 EP0718742A3 (en) | 1997-12-17 |
EP0718742B1 EP0718742B1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
Family
ID=6536437
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95117858A Expired - Lifetime EP0718742B1 (en) | 1994-12-20 | 1995-11-13 | Power management for clocked electrical consumers |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0718742B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4445559A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2167398T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7478367B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2009-01-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dynamic source code analyzer |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19941299A1 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 2001-03-01 | Eckhard Wahl | Controller for electric cooker plate heat regulation has electronic time switch combined with heat sensor, each plate having only two connections, electronic time switch element controls heat |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2064239A (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1981-06-10 | Thorn Domestic Appliances Ltd | Power supply for electric cooker |
GB2153555B (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1987-07-22 | Thorn Emi Domestic Appliances | Temperature control of heating apparatus |
DE3539581A1 (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1987-05-21 | Philips Patentverwaltung | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SEVERAL ELECTRICAL LOADS |
US5293028A (en) * | 1987-01-05 | 1994-03-08 | General Electric Company | Cooktop appliance with improved power control |
DE9314747U1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1994-02-10 | Rowenta Werke Gmbh | Electrical circuit arrangement for the flicker standard-compliant and network feedback-free heating power control of heating resistors of electrical household appliances, in particular electrical bread toasters |
-
1994
- 1994-12-20 DE DE4445559A patent/DE4445559A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-11-13 ES ES95117858T patent/ES2167398T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-13 DE DE59509682T patent/DE59509682D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-13 EP EP95117858A patent/EP0718742B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7478367B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2009-01-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dynamic source code analyzer |
US8572572B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2013-10-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dynamic source code analyzer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4445559A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
ES2167398T3 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
EP0718742B1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
EP0718742A3 (en) | 1997-12-17 |
DE59509682D1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
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