EP0689321A1 - System zur hohen Verfügbarkeit von netzwerkweiter Bandbreitenzuordnung - Google Patents

System zur hohen Verfügbarkeit von netzwerkweiter Bandbreitenzuordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0689321A1
EP0689321A1 EP94109763A EP94109763A EP0689321A1 EP 0689321 A1 EP0689321 A1 EP 0689321A1 EP 94109763 A EP94109763 A EP 94109763A EP 94109763 A EP94109763 A EP 94109763A EP 0689321 A1 EP0689321 A1 EP 0689321A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sba
allocator
bandwidth
synchronous
qos
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EP94109763A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Jeff Warren
Pascal Francois
Frederic Raimbault
Eric Lebrun
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to EP94109763A priority Critical patent/EP0689321A1/de
Priority to US08/493,066 priority patent/US5548579A/en
Publication of EP0689321A1 publication Critical patent/EP0689321A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
    • H04L47/781—Centralised allocation of resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42—Loop networks
    • H04L12/427—Loop networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/433—Loop networks with decentralised control with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/74—Admission control; Resource allocation measures in reaction to resource unavailability
    • H04L47/746—Reaction triggered by a failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the data communication field and more particularly to a system for high availability of network-wide bandwidth allocation over a network made of at least one FDDI segment.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) standard describes a dual counter-rotating fiber-optic ring operating at 100 MBps.
  • FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
  • One of the prime interests in FDDI is the establishment of a network made of a very high-speed backbone (the FDDI segment) interconnecting heterogeneous Local Area Networks (LANs).
  • LANs Local Area Networks
  • Network-wide bandwidth allocation over such an interconnected LAN domain is dealt with in European patent application 93480041.8 filed on April 19, 1993, by International Business Machines Corp, the teaching of which is incorporated hereafter by reference.
  • the Allocator is the component responsible for maintaining awareness of the capacity of the LAN components (i.e. bridges and segments), determining whether a particular request for a bandwidth allocation can be granted.
  • the Requestor is the component responsible for making a request to reserve a certain QoS for an application.
  • SBA Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator
  • the SBA is responsible for allocating synchronous bandwidth to applications requiring guaranteed bandwidth and predictable delay.
  • the latter piece of prior art proposes the implementation of slave SBA applications to monitor the FDDI segment and take on the role of a master SBA when needed, such process being known as High Availability SBA.
  • the 3PR receives from the QoS Allocator all information that it needs to ask for bandwidth reservation on the FDDI segment.
  • the 3PR is able to act on behalf of the FDDI station that will submit synchronous traffic and ask for bandwidth allocation to the SBA. According to the SBA decision, the 3PR will then answer to the QoS Allocator which will grant or deny the allocation over the whole path.
  • the present invention solves the problem raised by the failure of the 3PR on a Fiber Distributed Data Interface segment.
  • the concept of a master and slave entity is used to develop the high availability of 3PR model.
  • the master application is responsible for interfacing the Qos Allocator and the SBA as described in the background art.
  • the new state machine shall bring the 3PR either to an ACTIVE state where it will act as a master or to a new 3PR state called BACKUP state where it should be ready to replace the master application if it fails, or even to a STANDBY state where it stops since there are already master and backup applications.
  • the decision to go to ACTIVE , BACKUP or STANDBY state is directly dependent on the state of the SBA in the same station as of the 3PR application According to the state of the SBA present in that station, the 3PR shall into the same state. It is mandatory to have these 2 applications on the same station: it prevents from increasing traffic over the FDDI segment and is more efficient since allocations requests /responses are going to the same station.
  • the SBA High Availability process forces the acting SBA to move to another station, the 3PR shall follow as well and start on this new station.
  • the newly inserting 3PR application learns if SBA application is master by transmitting an Request Allocation frame (RAF) request with an NULL payload. Since these 2 applications shall reside on the same station, the Source Address of the RAF response sent by the master SBA shall determine if it runs on the master SBA station. If this address doesn't match its own , then the newly inserting 3PR application should get the address of the slave SBA (vendor specific MIB attribute kept in the master SBA MIB).
  • RAF Request Allocation frame
  • the 3PR detects that it runs over the slave SBA station , it shall go into the BACKUP state . If none of these addresses match its own , it shall go into the standby state.
  • the slave 3PR shall monitor the SBA_Hello request and SBA_Hello responses. If a SBA_Response is missing, the slave 3PR shall get a MIB attribute (SBA Available) which will indicate if the slave SBA became a master SBA. In this case, the slave 3PR becomes the master 3PR.
  • MIB attribute SBA Available
  • the effect of the invention is thus to allow a redundant 3PR application to detect a failure from a SBA or from the master 3PR and then provide High Availability Service between the QoS Allocator and the High Availability SBA.
  • the invention comprises a system for high availability of network-wide bandwidth allocation in a network including a FDDI segment, comprising:
  • the invention comprises a system for high availability bandwidth allocation in a domain of LANs interconnected by at least one FDDI segment, comprising:
  • the second means in said third device include:
  • the allocation of Synchronous Bandwidth over an Fiber Distributed Data Interface network is performed by using the Resource Allocation frame protocol.
  • This protocol assumes one central allocator of the Synchronous Bandwidth resource, and provides for the management of Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator, the detection of over allocation, and ability to recover from faults due to over-allocation.
  • Fig.1 shows an example of an allocation of Synchronous Bandwidth.
  • a station must receive an allocation of Synchronous Bandwidth before initiating synchronous transmission.
  • a station that wants to change its current allocation of Synchronous Bandwidth must request the new allocation amount from the Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator Management station.
  • a station sends an Resource Allocation frame Request (Request Allocation) to a Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator Management station.
  • a Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator Management station will respond with an Resource Allocation frame Response indicating success or failure of the request. If the request fails, the station may adjust its allocation request to within the available bandwidth specified in the response frame and restart the exchange.
  • the Station changes its Synchronous Bandwidth attributes - ie in the Management Information Base - when response indicates successful allocation.
  • the SBA application is responsible for allocating synchronous bandwidth to applications requiring guaranteed bandwidth and predictable delay.
  • a single SBA manages an FDDI segment, each FDDI segment has one and only one SBA actively managing all synchronous traffic. If this SBA application fails, additional allocations would not be allowed, existing allocations could not increase or decrease their allocations.
  • the synchronous allocation request processing is straight forward, whereas the process of deallocation due to over-utilization or inconsistencies is not.
  • the SBA complexities are in various SBA Actions where deallocations are generated and in the allocation data structures where many SBA parameters are maintained.
  • the purpose of the Synchronous Bandwidth Management (SBM) function is to control synchronous allocations on a single FDDI segment. Allocations are limited to the primary FDDI ring. The amount of available synchronous bandwidth is set in the SBA_Available parameter.
  • the Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator is responsible for the regulation of the synchronous traffic on the FDDI ring.
  • the SBM provides recovery mechanisms to recover unused bandwidth, resolves T_Neg and reconfiguration changes.
  • Many of the SBM state diagram inputs are provided by the underlying FDDI sub-system supporting it.
  • Fig.17 shows an example of SBA state machine.
  • the SBA process begins with transition SB(00) where SBM enters the Standby State. In this state, the SBM waits for the assertion of SB_Start, this occurs after SBA initializes the SBA application.
  • the SBA monitors the FDDI segment from the Active State. Normally SBA is in this state unless an active allocation is being refreshed or SBA is recovering from an over-allocation condition.
  • SB(10) StopSBAManager - SB(11a) : AllocationRequest - SB(11b) : NIFMonitoring - SB(12) : PotentialRecoveryRequired - SB(13a) : ReportAllocation - SB(13b) : ProcessReportResponse - SB(14) : ProcessChangeResponse -
  • the Recovery state indicates SBM has detected a T_neg change potentially requiring a de-allocation of synchronous bandwidth. Entering this state causes SBM to re-evaluate all active allocations contained within the SBA MIB.
  • SB(21) RecoveryCompleted - SB(24) : RecoveryDeallocation -
  • the Report state is used to refresh active allocations and to perform active allocation consistency checks. The consistency checking is necessary to recover unused synchronous allocations when the end-station has been removed from the ring prior to deallocating its bandwidth.
  • the Change state is used by SBM to issue an SBA RAF Change allocation frame. Entry into this state occurs when Report Actions detect an allocation inconsistency or the Recovery Actions require a de-allocation to recover from a ring over-allocation condition or when an SBA RAF Change Allocation response has been received.
  • SB(41) CompletedDeallocation - SB(42) : PotentialAdditionalRecoveryRequired - SB(43) : ContinueReportProcess -
  • the failure of an SBA application is addressed by Highly Available Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator . Highly Available Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator provides extensions to the FDDI Synchronous Implementer's Agreement.
  • the SBA Internals section is modified to allow slave SBA applications to monitor the FDDI segment and take on the role of master SBA when needed (see Fig.18).
  • the concept of a master and slave allocator is used to develop the high availability SBA model.
  • the master SBA is the SBA responsible for granting or denying allocation requests as well as manage disturbances resulting from network changes, such as changes in token rotation delays.
  • the master SBA will communicate with the slave SBA (if present) to update the slave with current allocation information. These updates are communicated from master to slave via the unique extended service frame protocol using an IBM specific encoding. The updates occur when allocations are modified.
  • the underlying SBA state machine shall enter into a new SBA state called BACKUP State as opposed to directly going to the Active State.
  • the Active state is now for one and only one SBA application, the master SBA.
  • This new state is to learn if a master and/or slave are currently operational.
  • the newly inserting SBA application learns if other SBA applications are present by using an SBA_Hello Request/Response process.
  • the slave SBA This allows a redundant SBA application (the slave SBA) to keep a shadow copy of the master's SBA MIB.
  • the FDDI segment is without an SBA manager for three minutes if a slave SBA is present.
  • Detection of the master failure occurs when the slave fails to receive three consecutive master present announcements.
  • the slave detects a master failure it transitions to the Active State where it assumes the role of master. If the slave does not have all of the master's SBA MIB, the slave shall learn about the unknown data using the SBA report request protocol.
  • Network Resource Reservation - NRR Network Resource Reservation - NRR
  • QoS Requestor is needed for all LAN stations that want to send traffic requiring Quality of Service guarantees (e.g. multimedia traffic). Only a single QoS Allocator is required for a given bridged Local Area Network.
  • Fig.2 depicts the QoS Requestor and QoS Allocator structure on a Local Area Network.
  • the QoS Requestor includes the following functions:
  • the QoS Allocator includes the following functions:
  • the Qos Management protocol enables a QoS Requestor entity to register with a QoS Allocator entity in the network, and to interact with the QoS Allocator to manage network Qos for data streams.
  • Fig.3 shows QoS Allocation
  • Fig.4 QoS Deallocation
  • Fig.5 a change of QoS Allocation
  • Fig.6 a Refresh of bandwidth
  • Fig.7 the Registration Protocol.
  • the 3rd Party Requestor solves the problem raised by the allocation of synchronous bandwidth on a Fiber Distributed Data Interface segment when this allocation is done by a centralized allocator in an interconnected Local Area Network domain.
  • This centralized allocator (or QoS Allocator) is responsible to do the allocation on a network-wide basis, whatever the protocol used between the two points exchanging synchronous traffic. But to be able to do this, it needs to interact with agents responsible for bandwidth allocation on every Fiber Distributed Data Interface segment : the Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator. This interface is done by an agent named the 3rd Party Requestor.
  • This 3rd Party Requestor receives from the QoS Allocator all information that it needs to ask for bandwidth reservation on the Fiber Distributed Data Interface segment. Following the Station Management standard , the 3rd Party Requestor is able to act on behalf of the Fiber Distributed Data Interface station that will submit synchronous traffic and ask for bandwidth allocation to the Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator. According to the Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator decision, the 3rd Party Requestor will then answer to the QoS Allocator which will grant or deny the allocation over the whole path.
  • the 3rd Party Requestor enables the coexistence of two bandwidth allocation processes (the centralized allocation process from the QoS Allocater and the Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator for Fiber Distributed Data Interface segments).
  • the Fiber Distributed Data Interface bandwidth allocation process is defined by the Station Management standard defined by American National Standards Institute. It uses specific frames, named Resource Allocation Frames (RAF frames) defined by Station Management.
  • Fig.8 shows the environment for 3rd Party Requestor.
  • the 3rd Party Requester receives requests from the QoS Allocator , like 'AllocationRequest' or ChangeRequest'. Before answering by 'AllocationConfirm' or 'ChangeConfirm it should consult the Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator, authority on Fiber Distributed Data Interface segment.
  • the 3rd Party Requestor includes the following functions:
  • the QoS Management frame are used by the NRR Allocator to send QoS messages to the 3rd Party Requestor, and in return the 3rd Party Requestor will use the same type of frame to make the response.
  • the SMT RAF frame are used by the 3rd Party Requestor to request allocation to the SBA. and in return the SBA will use the same type of frame to make the response.
  • the SMT PMF frame are used by the 3rd Party Requestor to get and set SBA MIB attributes to the Synchronous Node (or NRR Requestor), and it return it will use the same type of frame to make the response.
  • the NRR Allocator initiates a request for QoS for a particular data stream over an FDDI segment, by sending an FDDIAllocateRequest message to the 3rd Party Requestor. After processing the request the 3rd Party Requestor returns an FDDIAllocateReply message. This is shown Fig.9.
  • the NRR Allocator initiates a request for a change in an existing QoS allocation for a FDDI data stream by sending an FDDIChangeRequest message to the 3rd Party Requestor. After processing the request the 3rd Party Requestor returns an FDDIChangeReply message. This is shown Fig. 10.
  • T_Neg Change shall be done by monitoring the MIB attribute fddiMACT_Neg, because this attribute is updated at each Token Rotation Time (TRT) negotiation.
  • SBA_Allocatable Change shall be done by checking the SBA Allocatable parameter in all RAF Request Allocation Response. This is shown Fig.9 or 10.
  • the detection of SBA_Available Change shall be done by monitoring the MIB attribute fddiPATHSbaAvailable, because this attribute is set at each SBA initialization.
  • the 3rd Party Requestor should send a FDDIStatusRequest with SBA Allocatable, SBA Available, and T_Neg parameters in order that QoS Allocator get these values before to process any requests. This is shown Fig.11.
  • Registration flows enable a NRR Allocator and 3rd Party Requestor to exchange network addressing information and for the 3rd Party Requestor to pass other information to the Allocator.
  • the NRR Allocator or the 3rd Party Requestor may initiate the flows.
  • the modified 3PR state machine to establish high availability 3PR (HA-3PR) functionally.
  • the High Availability 3PR state machine is described in Fig.16.
  • the invention modifications are easily identified in the box in dotted line.
  • the Init_Actions queue an RAF Request Allocation message for a NULL allocation. From the RAF Request Allocation response, the HA-3PR learns the address of the SBA-master if the SBA-master address (SBA_Master_Address) is equal at local address (My_Address), the HA-3PR asserts the TP_Start signal, and transits from the STANDBY state to the ACTIVE state.
  • SBA_Master_Address SBA-master address
  • My_Address local address
  • the Normal_Actions are performed upon this transition, the Normal_Actions are listed hereafter: If the SBA-master address (SBA_Master_Address) is different from the local address, the Init_Actions queue an PMF Get request for IBM attribute ibmPATHHA_Slave_Addr.
  • the HA-3PR learns the address of the SBA-slave: If the SBA-slave address (SBA_Slave_Address) is different from the local address (My_Address), the HA-3PR asserts the TP_Hold signal, and the HA 3PR is stopped.
  • the HA-3PR asserts the TP_Wait signal, and transits from the STANDBY state to the BACKUP state.
  • the Hello_3PR_Actions are performed upon this transition, the Hello_3PR_Actions are listed hereafter: Each time a hello request message is transmitted by the SBA-slave to the SBA-master, the HA-3PR receives an hello request message.
  • the HA-3PR receives an hello response message.
  • the HA-3PR In case of failure of the SBA-master (no hello response message received on time), the HA-3PR asserts the TP_Get signal, and transits from the BACKUP state to the GET state.
  • the Get_Actions are performed upon this transition, the Get_Actions are listed hereafter:
  • the Get_Actions queue an PMF Get request message for attribute fddiPATHSbaAvailable (as defined in the SMT standard) of the local SBA and monitors this attribute as following: the value of this attribute is equal to zero when the local SBA is SBA-slave, and the value of this attribute is different from zero when the local SBA (previously the SBA-slave) became the SBA-master.
  • the HA-3PR asserts the TP_Start signal, and transits from the GET state to the ACTIVE state.
  • the HA-3PR asserts the TP_Wait signal, and transits from the GET state to the BACKUP state.
  • the invention includes the following modifications to the variables, signals, flags, counters, and timers used within High Availability Third Party Requestor (HA-3PR):
  • a variable shall take on one value from a limited set of possible values. When a variable is cleared, the value of the variable becomes "none". Variables may be exported outside of Third Party Requestor.
  • TP_Input A variable from 3PR Frame Parser indicating the type of SMT information to be processed.
  • the 3PR shall queue the TP_Input variable each time it changes value and process them in the order received.
  • the TP_Input is processed from the ACTIVE State, the BACKUP state, and the GET state and has the following values.
  • a signal is used to initiate a state change within Third Party Requestor.
  • a signal causes the state change to occur and does not have to be cleared following its usage.
  • a signal is local to Third Party Requestor and may not be exported.
  • the signals used to drive the HA-3PR state diagram are generated by the supporting 3PR system.
  • TP_Start - A signal internal to HA-3PR used to transition to the ACTIVE State.
  • a flag is a variable that shall take on one of two values: set or cleared. Flags are assigned values within the HA-3PR state diagram by specifying a set or clear operation. Flags are tested within the HA-3PR state diagram by checking their status or the negation of their status. Transitions initiated by flags need only be checked upon initial entry into the state and upon change to the flag. The value of a flag may be exported outside of HA-3PR.
  • Begin_Flag - A flag internal to HA-3PR used to direct the Init_Actions to transmit an RAF Request Allocation request message with a NULL SBA Payload.
  • THR - Timer High Availability 3PR - THR is initialized at station initialization.
  • HA-3PR maintains a THR timer for one purpose, to trigger Hello request messages.
  • TSW - Timer SBA Switch - TSW is initialized at station initialization.
  • HA-3PR maintains a TSW timer to handle the switching time between SBA-Slave and SBA-Master.
  • Get_cnt - Get_cnt is initialized at station initialization. This counter controls the number of PMF Get requests that are transmitted in the GET state.
  • the HA-3PR process begins in the Standby State. In this state, the HA-3PR send an RAF Request Allocation request and waits for the reception of the RAF Request Allocation response to learn the individual address of the SBA-master (SBA_Master_Address), and the individual address of the SBA-slave (SBA_Slave_Address).
  • TP(00a) Start3PR - A transition to the STANDBY state is made when the HA-3PR is started.
  • the Begin_Flag has been set during the initialization of HA-3PR.
  • TP(00b) Stop3PR - A transition back to the STANDBY state is made when the TP_Hold signal is asserted. The HA-3PR is stopped.
  • TP(00c) ProcessRAFResponse - A transition back to the STANDBY state is made when the variable TP_Input is set to RAF_Response. The Init_Actions are performed upon this transition.
  • TP(01) Start3PRMaster - A transition to the ACTIVE state is made when the TP_Start signal is asserted. The Normal_Actions are performed on this transition.
  • TP(02) Start3PRSlave - A transition to the BACKUP state is made when the TP_Wait signal is asserted. The Hello_3PR_Actions are performed on this transition.
  • HA-3PR performs the same following actions that a standard 3PR:
  • the HA-3PR enters the BACKUP state after the TP_Wait signal is asserted. From this state the HA-3PR listen the FDDI ring and more specialy the Hello messages to detect any failure from the SBA-master.
  • TP(22a) ProcessHelloRequest - A transition back to the BACKUP state is made when the variable TP_Input is set to Hello_Request. The Hello_3PR_Actions are performed upon this transition.
  • TP(22b) ProcessHelloResponse - A transition back to the BACKUP state is made when the variable TP_Input is set to Hello_Response. The Hello_3PR_Actions are performed upon this transition.
  • TP(22c) HelloTimeOut - A transition back to the BACKUP state is made when the timer THR expires. The Hello_3PR_Actions are performed upon this transition.
  • TP(23) SendGetRequest - A transition to the GET state is made when the TP_Get signal is asserted. The Get_Actions are performed on this transition.
  • the HA-3PR monitors the value of the MIB attribute fddiPATHSbaAvailable in order to detect when the SBA-Slave is the SBA-master.
  • TP(31) Start3PRMaster - A transition to the ACTIVE state is made when the TP_Start signal is asserted. The Normal_Actions are performed on this transition.
  • TP(32) Start3PRSlave - A transition to the BACKUP state is made when the TP_Wait signal is asserted. The Hello_3PR_Actions are performed on this transition.
  • TP(33a) ProcessGetResponse - A transition back to the GET state is made when the variable TP_Input is set to Get_Response. The Get_Actions are performed upon this transition.
  • TP(33b) SwitchTimeOut - A transition back to the GET state is made when the timer TSW expired. The Get_Actions are performed upon this transition.
EP94109763A 1994-06-23 1994-06-23 System zur hohen Verfügbarkeit von netzwerkweiter Bandbreitenzuordnung Withdrawn EP0689321A1 (de)

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US08/493,066 US5548579A (en) 1994-06-23 1995-06-21 System for effective allocation of network-wide bandwidth

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