EP0617152A1 - Face-to-face fabric with variable trickness, process of manufacturing and applications - Google Patents

Face-to-face fabric with variable trickness, process of manufacturing and applications Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0617152A1
EP0617152A1 EP94101887A EP94101887A EP0617152A1 EP 0617152 A1 EP0617152 A1 EP 0617152A1 EP 94101887 A EP94101887 A EP 94101887A EP 94101887 A EP94101887 A EP 94101887A EP 0617152 A1 EP0617152 A1 EP 0617152A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
textile material
spacer textile
pile thread
material according
materials
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94101887A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0617152B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Roell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Recaro GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Publication of EP0617152A1 publication Critical patent/EP0617152A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0617152B1 publication Critical patent/EP0617152B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B1/00Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D11/02Fabrics formed with pockets, tubes, loops, folds, tucks or flaps
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00Woven pile fabrics
    • D03D27/02Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
    • D03D27/10Fabrics woven face-to-face, e.g. double velvet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B1/00Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/16Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04Heat-responsive characteristics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01Surface features
    • D10B2403/011Dissimilar front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0112One smooth surface, e.g. laminated or coated
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0242Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing chemical properties
    • D10B2403/02421Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing chemical properties containing particulate matter, e.g. powder or granulate
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/03Shape features
    • D10B2403/033Three dimensional fabric, e.g. forming or comprising cavities in or protrusions from the basic planar configuration, or deviations from the cylindrical shape as generally imposed by the fabric forming process
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/02Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/04Filters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/08Upholstery, mattresses
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/12Vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92Fire or heat protection feature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00Gas separation
    • Y10S55/43Knitted filter mediums
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23921With particles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23986With coating, impregnation, or bond
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249962Void-containing component has a continuous matrix of fibers only [e.g., porous paper, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to spacer textile material, its production and use, in particular as a replacement for plastic materials with foamed parts or multi-layer textiles.
  • Plastic material with foamed parts is of great importance in technology. On the one hand, they have good insulation properties due to the large amount of air. If an elastic plastic is foamed, the product can e.g. B. used for upholstery, for seats, backrests, etc., or for headliner covers, which must protect the occupants from the worst consequences of the collision with the roof structure in the event of an accident. Foamed materials can also be absorbent and then u. a. can also be used in the medical sector as bandages or in the incontinence area.
  • Another known problem is that foamed materials often had to be covered on the surface for stabilization or for aesthetic reasons. For this it was necessary to produce the surface material separately and to connect it to the foam, or to insert a shell made of the surface material.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a material that can be used instead of foamed materials.
  • the spacer textile material consists in principle of two cover layers 1 and 2, preferably of knitwear, which are connected by a pile thread structure 3.
  • Such spacer textile materials and their manufacture on weaving machines are e.g. B. known for the manufacture of carpets, but in which the pile thread structure is cut and then forms the top of the carpet. The manufacture will therefore not be discussed in detail below. It is surprising to discover that the spacer textile material can easily replace foams and even surpass them in the properties that can be set, as will be explained below.
  • the material according to the invention once has the advantage that the individual layers have an exactly predictable structural offset, in particular exactly parallel, due to the integral production, the additional, complex connecting step being eliminated. can be created. Due to the pile thread structure, larger thicknesses are also possible, without or only with a slightly increased use of material.
  • spacer textile materials on knitting machines such as. B. in warp knitting practice 4 (1970) p. 19-20 described, but also on double rapier weaving machines is known.
  • inventive production of spacer textile materials on knitting machines allows the formation of flat, two and a half and / or three-dimensional structures, for. B. regular or irregular openings, holes, slots, tabs, knobs, moldings, etc.
  • subsequent mechanical shaping is not excluded, especially in connection with a material stiffening equipment, which makes it thermally deformable, for example.
  • Additional intermediate layers can also be inserted, which are connected to one another and to the cover layers by means of pile thread structures.
  • Fig. 2 to 6 show some preferred embodiments of the invention in diagrams, in which the pile thread course with respect to the needles, which are used wholly or partly as knitwear for the production of the cover layers 1, 2 and / or the warp threads 4 in the cover layers 1, 2, is shown .
  • the cover layers themselves are not shown.
  • the explanation is given in terms of knitwear according to the preferred embodiment, but this does not limit the invention.
  • the corresponding equivalents from weaving technology, such as warp thread for needle or chopsticks, weft for row, etc., are to be used in the case of cover layers containing woven or woven portions.
  • the pile thread 5 is guided around three needles (or warp threads) of the one cover layer 1 and is thus connected to it.
  • the pile thread 5 is then freely guided to the other cover layer 6 over six needles and then integrated into it again via three needles.
  • the pile thread 5 is thus bound into a cover layer via a few, here three, needles, is then guided over a certain, preferably larger number of needles to the other cover layer, bound there, etc.
  • the binding width and the length of the pile thread for the change from one to the other top layer can be adapted to the respective purpose within wide limits.
  • the pile thread is made of a relatively rigid material, e.g. B a monofilament, and the cover layers made of a material that shortens at elevated temperature, a contraction of the cover layers can be achieved by heating, but the pile thread material remains essentially unchanged.
  • the pile thread is also drawn together over a shorter distance, as Figg. 8 and 9 show respectively before and after the heat treatment.
  • the use of a rigid monofilament counteracts folding, so that the pile thread essentially maintains its elongated course and thereby presses the cover layers apart and forms tubular structures on the inside while the pile threads are guided in parallel (FIG. 9).
  • a piece of textile can thus be converted from a relatively compact form into a blown up form with a large proportion of air, possibly with tubular structures, by heating.
  • Another possibility is to produce only one cover layer from thermally contractible material.
  • thermally contractible material When heating, the above-mentioned effect is obtained, but since only one side of the textile piece contracts, there is also a curvature or curvature, depending on whether the entire material or possibly only the warp or weft threads consist of the thermally influenceable material.
  • materials can also be used which react to other chemical and / or physical influences with a change in length.
  • Fig. 3 shows sawtooth-like pile threads, which result in a particularly voluminous filling volume.
  • the pile threads are advantageously placed in opposite directions in a certain rhythm.
  • Fig. 4 also shows a sawtooth-shaped laying of the pile thread 5, here in alternation with two other pile thread courses 6, which occupy the other needles 4, optionally in the same or in subsequent rows.
  • FIG. 5 shows a structure which has a middle layer 8 held by two pile thread structures 9, 10. Due to the two different pole structures 9, 10, the structure can behave differently on the two sides. It is also possible e.g. B. shear below the upper row of needles 1, approximately along the shear line 11, which results in a plush surface on this side. With an additional treatment such as roughening, the surface can be further adapted to the intended use.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment with different high pile thread structures, a thinner 9 and a thicker 10, which are also designed in different needle pitches.
  • the thinner pile thread structure 9 is designed on a narrower needle pitch 1, 8, with all needles being looped around by the pile thread 5. This structure is relatively strong and dense despite the small thickness.
  • the second pile thread structure 10 connects the closer division of the middle layer 8 with the further division of the lower cover layer 2. Every second needle is occupied by the pile cover from the lower cover layer 2 and every fourth needle row 8 of the middle layer 8 with an assumed division ratio of 1: 2.
  • FIG. 7 shows an extension in which a further pile thread structure 12 is present, so that two hidden middle layers 14, 15 are present. In addition, only the needle row 7 of the upper cover layer is designed with a narrower pitch, the needle rows of the other cover layers 14, 15 and 2 have the same pitch.
  • cover and middle layers can be knitwear, woven goods or mixed forms thereof in all known variants.
  • modern warp knitting can also be used to wrap the warp threads typical of knitted fabrics to incorporate the pile threads, or the pile threads are bound in with one of the known weaves.
  • Suitable starting materials are all thread materials known today that can be processed on the machines mentioned, such as monofilaments, multifilaments and multicomponent filaments.
  • Natural and synthetic fibers are suitable as the base material, but also e.g. B. wires or mineral material such as glass or stone fibers.
  • the thread material can still be wound, coated, wound and / or coated on the surface. Warp threads, especially with natural fibers, are preferably sized before processing and the spacer textile material is desized again.
  • the pile thread structure contributes the characteristics that are characteristic of foamed materials, to name the most important ones: large amount of air, elastic behavior, absorbency.
  • one of the properties can also be brought to the fore.
  • a skin-friendly textile material with high absorbency can also be realized, making it usable, for example, in the area of inconsistency or as a base against bedsores in hospitals.
  • the pile thread material can also be subsequently reversibly or irreversibly changed by chemical or physical methods.
  • a temperature-sensitive material in the pile thread structure e.g. B. changes its length when the temperature rises. This results in a spacer material, the thickness of which is temperature-dependent, so that, for. Legs Insulation effect can be automatically adjusted to the temperature.
  • the material can also react only reversibly or not at all.
  • a major advantage of the spacer textile material is that a large number of adaptations to the intended use can be carried out simultaneously with the manufacture.
  • the simplest option is to choose the thread material or other classic manufacturing process parameters.
  • the mechanical and physiological properties can thus be varied within wide limits.
  • a stiffer thread material for the pile thread structure increases the impact absorption capacity, and vice versa.
  • the pile thread density i.e. H. the number of threads per m2 can be increased or decreased.
  • An application generally arises as filling, cushioning or insulating material, for example in the automotive or clothing industry. Since the length of the pile threads and thus the thickness of the spacer textile material can also be changed without problems during the production, it is possible to produce upholstery which is adapted to a body shape or compensates for it.
  • a filler in particular a solid, e.g. B. granular or powdery present, are introduced into the pile thread structure, which results in a uniform distribution of the filler even with large lengths made in one piece. It is also conceivable to activate the filler in a suitable manner after the production of the spacer textile material by heat, radiation, etc., either in order to convert it into another form that fulfills a certain function, or with its help the properties of the pile thread structure or the Change top layers from the inside.
  • the spacer textile material can also be coated subsequently and / or the pile threads can be modified on the surface.
  • the spacer textile material can also serve as a filter material, with special properties being able to be formed by appropriate pretreatment of the thread material for the pile thread structure and / or post-treatment of the spacer textile material.
  • activated carbon can be blown into the pile thread structure or even introduced during the manufacture of the pile thread structure. It is also possible to introduce a catalyst using one of the methods mentioned. Applications arise e.g. B. in the field of air, gas and dust filters and chemical process technology.
  • Another possibility is to impregnate the pile thread structure or the entire spacer textile material, which, depending on the type and amount of the impregnation material, results in a more covering of the threads or filling in the cavities.
  • a hardening impregnating agent such as a resin, synthetic resin, thermoplastic, etc., permits the production of a textile material stiffened according to the hardening process and with an air proportion that can be adjusted by the other manufacturing parameters.
  • the spacer textile material With the spacer textile material, the thickness and the material can be freely adjusted according to the requirement profile, but in a well-defined manner.
  • a partial impregnation can be used to modify the behavior towards the medium, in particular liquids or gases, which passes through the pile thread structure, e.g. B. in filters to separate certain substances, or for catalytic effects, or it can mechanical Properties of the spacer textile material are changed.
  • a spacer textile material stabilized in this way which still has a rather loose pile thread structure, can e.g. B. for ventilation purposes, or in applications with increased mechanical requirements, in particular with regard to tear resistance and impact absorption. Multiple treatment is also conceivable.
  • the spacer textile material can be made resistant to environmental influences such as heat (fire) or aggressive chemical substances by such a treatment in addition to the choice of the suitable material, and because of its insulating effect and absorbency in protective clothing and other technical claddings, such as, for. B. machine covers, use.
  • a three-dimensional shape is possible to a limited extent by varying the pile thread length, density and / or the pile thread material. Extensive freedom of design is given by the known techniques of design on knitting and warp knitting machines, such as. B. Increase and decrease stitches. Obviously, the shaping does not require an additional process step. It is also possible to produce a preform that is adapted to the later shaping. This can later be mechanically brought into the desired shape and fixed. Controlled deformation is also possible through the selection of suitable, known thread materials that react to chemical or physical influences, such as. B. temperature or acidity. To fix the shape, if the inherent stability of the material is not sufficient, impregnation with a hardening material or one of the other conventional techniques, such as e.g. B. Heat setting.
  • cover layers are a woven or knitted fabric, the techniques for coloring, patterning and structuring which are therefore known can be used. It is with it e.g. B. possible to produce aesthetically pleasing linings from the spacer textile material directly from the machine. Applications arise e.g. B. for interior covers of car roofs, upholstery and other cladding.
  • the spacer textile material can also be coated or laminated.
  • the cover layers can e.g. B. be equipped with plush. Flocking, printing, etc. are also possible.
  • the spacer textile material can be adapted to a wide variety of applications that were previously a domain of the foamed materials. Additional advantages result from the fact that a wider range of starting materials is available for the thread material than for foamable material. Natural materials in particular lend themselves to recyclable spacer textile material.
  • An interesting application of the material is the lining of wheel arches. For this, it is shaped three-dimensionally according to the wheel arch shape, or it is brought into this shape using a controlled knitting technique by increasing and decreasing the stitch.
  • solidifying e.g. B impregnation with a thermoplastic or the use of thermally curable pile thread material
  • it is by heating in this Fixed shape. This heating can also advantageously only take place after the material has been attached to the wheel arch.
  • the material preferably has a rough surface and allows splash water to penetrate into the pile thread structure, in which it can then run off again. This significantly reduces the swirling of the spray water.
  • the side facing away from the wheel is preferably made impermeable to water.
  • Example is the production of a molded body with a large amount of air from a resin-impregnated spacer textile material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

A material for replacing foamed materials is the face-to-face (spacer) textile material which consists of two woven or knitted top layers which are connected by a pile thread structure. This pile thread structure is responsible for the compressibility known from flexible foams and the large air content. The compliance can be determined through the length and density of the pile threads and the material used. If recyclable materials are used, they provide a way of obtaining an environmentally compatible foam replacement. In addition, the face-to-face textile material can, through the use of treated starting materials or through a treatment during or after making, be given chemical and physical properties and thus be used for example as a filter or catalyst material.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Abstandstextilmaterial, dessen Herstellung und Verwendung, insbesondere als Ersatz von Kunststoffmaterialien mit geschäumten Anteilen oder mehrlagigen Textilien.The present invention relates to spacer textile material, its production and use, in particular as a replacement for plastic materials with foamed parts or multi-layer textiles.

Kunststoffmaterial mit geschäumten Anteilen ist von grosser Bedeutung in der Technik. Sie verfügen einmal über eine gute Isolationsfähigkeit wegen des grossen Luftanteils. Wird ein elastischer Kunststoff geschäumt, kann das Produkt z. B. für Polsterungen verwendet werden, für Sitze, Lehnen usw., oder auch für Fahrzeughimmelbezüge, die im Falle eines Unfalls die Insassen vor den schlimmsten Folgen des Zusammenpralls mit der Dachkonstruktion schützen müssen. Geschäumte Materialien können auch saugfähig sein und dann u. a. auch im medizinischen Sektor als Verbandsstoffe oder im Inkontinenzbereich Anwendung finden.Plastic material with foamed parts is of great importance in technology. On the one hand, they have good insulation properties due to the large amount of air. If an elastic plastic is foamed, the product can e.g. B. used for upholstery, for seats, backrests, etc., or for headliner covers, which must protect the occupants from the worst consequences of the collision with the roof structure in the event of an accident. Foamed materials can also be absorbent and then u. a. can also be used in the medical sector as bandages or in the incontinence area.

Problematisch ist jedoch in jüngster Zeit die Entsorgung der geschäumten Materialien geworden. Insbesondere bei Projekten, die auf vollständige Wiederverwertbarkeit der verwendeten Materialien ausgerichtet sind, sind oft gerade die geschäumten Kunststoffe ein grosses Hindernis.However, the disposal of the foamed materials has recently become problematic. The foamed plastics in particular are often a major obstacle in projects that are geared towards the complete reusability of the materials used.

Ein weiteres, bekanntes Problem besteht darin, dass geschäumte Materialien oft zur Stabilisierung oder aus ästhetischen Gründen oberflächlich verkleidet werden mussten. Dazu war es nötig, das Oberflächenmaterial getrennt herzustellen und mit dem Schaumstoff zu verbinden, bzw. diesen eine Hülle aus dem Oberflächenmaterial einzuführen.Another known problem is that foamed materials often had to be covered on the surface for stabilization or for aesthetic reasons. For this it was necessary to produce the surface material separately and to connect it to the foam, or to insert a shell made of the surface material.

Ähnlich war es auch bekannt, Textilartikel grösserer Dicke durch das nachträgliche Verbinden mehrerer Lagen von Geweben und/oder Gestricken herzustellen. Das nachträgliche Verbinden macht jedoch diese Technik aufwendig und teuer und in bestimmten Anwendungen, wo exaktes, strukturparalleles Ausrichten gefordert ist, nicht anwendbar.Similarly, it was also known to manufacture textile articles of greater thickness by subsequently connecting several layers of fabrics and / or knitted fabrics. The subsequent connection, however, makes this technology complex and expensive and cannot be used in certain applications where exact, structure-parallel alignment is required.

Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Material zur Verfügung zu stellen, das anstelle geschäumter Materialien eingesetzt werden kann.An object of the present invention is to provide a material that can be used instead of foamed materials.

Ein derartiges Material ist in den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 beschrieben. Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungs- und Verwendungsformen sind in den weiteren Ansprüche beschrieben. Demgemäss besteht das sogenannte Abstandstextilmaterial aus mindestens zwei Deckschichten, die durch eine Polfadenstruktur verbunden sind.

Fig. 1
zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines erfindungsgemässen Abstandstextilmaterials im Schnitt, und
Fig. 2 bis 9
zeigen die Polfadenbindungen einiger Ausführungsformen.
Such a material is described in claims 1 and 2. Further preferred embodiments and uses are described in the further claims. Accordingly, the so-called spacer textile material consists of at least two cover layers which are connected by a pile thread structure.
Fig. 1
shows the basic structure of a spacer textile material according to the invention in section, and
2 to 9
show the pile thread bindings of some embodiments.

Das Abstandstextilmaterial besteht im Prinzip aus zwei Deckschichten 1 und 2, bevorzugt aus Maschenware, die durch eine Polfadenstruktur 3 verbunden sind. Derartige Abstandstextilmaterialien und ihre Herstellung auf Webmaschinen sind z. B. für die Herstellung von Teppichen bekannt, bei denen jedoch die Polfadenstruktur durchgetrennt wird und dann die Teppichoberseite bildet. Es wird daher im weiteren auf die Herstellung nicht im Einzelnen eingegangen. Ueberraschend ist die Erkenntnis, dass das Abstandstextilmaterial ohne weiteres Schaumstoffe ersetzen kann, und diese in der Einstellbarkeit der Eigenschaften sogar noch übertrifft, wie unten erläutert werden wird. Gegenüber den bekannten mehrlagigen Textilmaterialien zeigt das erfindungsgemässe Material einmal den Vorteil, das durch die integrale Herstellung, wobei der zusätzliche, aufwendige Verbindungsschritt entfällt, die einzelnen Schichten mit genau vorhersagbarem Strukturversatz, insbesondere exakt parallel, angelegt werden können. Durch die Polfadenstruktur sind darüber hinaus auch grössere Dicken möglich, ohne oder nur mit geringfügig erhöhtem Materialeinsatz.The spacer textile material consists in principle of two cover layers 1 and 2, preferably of knitwear, which are connected by a pile thread structure 3. Such spacer textile materials and their manufacture on weaving machines are e.g. B. known for the manufacture of carpets, but in which the pile thread structure is cut and then forms the top of the carpet. The manufacture will therefore not be discussed in detail below. It is surprising to discover that the spacer textile material can easily replace foams and even surpass them in the properties that can be set, as will be explained below. Compared to the known multi-layer textile materials, the material according to the invention once has the advantage that the individual layers have an exactly predictable structural offset, in particular exactly parallel, due to the integral production, the additional, complex connecting step being eliminated. can be created. Due to the pile thread structure, larger thicknesses are also possible, without or only with a slightly increased use of material.

Das Prinzip der Herstellung von Abstandstextilmaterialien auf Wirkmaschinen, wie z. B. in Kettenwirkpraxis 4 (1970) S. 19-20 beschrieben, aber auch auf Doppelgreiferwebmaschinen ist bekannt. Die bisher unbekannte, erfindungsgemässe Herstellung von Abstandstextilmaterialien auf Strickmaschinen erlaubt dagegen in wesentlich erweitertem Ausmass die Ausbildung von flächigen, zweieinhalb- und/oder dreidimensionalen Strukturen, z. B. regelmässigen oder unregelmässigen Durchbrechungen, Löchern, Schlitzen, Laschen, Noppen, Formkörpern etc. Damit wird natürlich eine nachträgliche mechanische Formgebung nicht ausgeschlossen, insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer das Material versteifenden Ausrüstung, die es beispielsweise thermisch verformbar macht. Es können auch noch zusätzliche Zwischenschichten eingefügt werden, die untereinander und mit den Deckschichten durch Polfadenstrukturen verbunden sind.The principle of the production of spacer textile materials on knitting machines, such as. B. in warp knitting practice 4 (1970) p. 19-20 described, but also on double rapier weaving machines is known. The previously unknown, inventive production of spacer textile materials on knitting machines, however, allows the formation of flat, two and a half and / or three-dimensional structures, for. B. regular or irregular openings, holes, slots, tabs, knobs, moldings, etc. Of course, subsequent mechanical shaping is not excluded, especially in connection with a material stiffening equipment, which makes it thermally deformable, for example. Additional intermediate layers can also be inserted, which are connected to one another and to the cover layers by means of pile thread structures.

Figg. 2 bis 6 zeigen einige bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung in Schemata, in denen der Polfadenverlauf bezüglich der Nadeln, die zur Herstellung der Deckschichten 1, 2 ganz oder anteilsweise als Maschenware verwandt werden, und/oder der Kettfäden 4 in den Deckschichten 1, 2 dargestellt ist. Aus Gründen der Übersicht sind die Deckschichten selbst nicht dargestellt. Im weiteren wird die Erklärung der Einfachheit halber in Begriffen der Maschenware entsprechend der bevorzugten Ausführung ausgeführt, wodurch die Erfindung jedoch nicht eingeschränkt wird. Bei gewobenen oder Webanteile enthaltenden Deckschichten sind die entsprechenden Äquivalente aus der Webtechnik sinngemäss einzusetzen, wie Kettfaden für Nadel oder Stäbchen, Schuss für Reihe usw.Fig. 2 to 6 show some preferred embodiments of the invention in diagrams, in which the pile thread course with respect to the needles, which are used wholly or partly as knitwear for the production of the cover layers 1, 2 and / or the warp threads 4 in the cover layers 1, 2, is shown . For the sake of clarity, the cover layers themselves are not shown. Furthermore, for the sake of simplicity, the explanation is given in terms of knitwear according to the preferred embodiment, but this does not limit the invention. The corresponding equivalents from weaving technology, such as warp thread for needle or chopsticks, weft for row, etc., are to be used in the case of cover layers containing woven or woven portions.

In Fig. 2 ist die Polfadenstruktur nur über jede zweite Nadel (oder Kettfaden) 4 geführt. Zur Verfestigung ist ein zweiter Polfaden 6 versetzt dazu geführt. Möglich ist auch eine versetztes Verlegen des Polfaden in verschiedenen Reihen, wobei auch beliebige andere Aufteilungen möglich sind, die auch wechseln können. Als Beispiele seien genannt:

  • Polfaden auf jeder dritten Nadel;
  • Polfaden auf jeder vierten Nadel; Abfolge der verwendeten Nadeln nach Reihen 1-3-2-4-...
2, the pile thread structure is only guided over every second needle (or warp thread) 4. To solidify a second pile thread 6 is guided offset. It is also possible to lay the pile thread in different rows, whereby any other subdivisions are also possible, which can also change. Examples include:
  • Pile thread on every third needle;
  • Pile thread on every fourth needle; Sequence of the needles used according to rows 1-3-2-4 -...

Möglich ist es auch, den Polfaden über zwei oder mehr benachbarte Nadeln zu führen und erst dann wieder in die andere Deckschicht einzubinden oder den oder die Polfäden über oder auf willkürlich gewählte Nadeln zu führen bzw. zu hängen. Insbesondere mit einem steiferen Polfadenmaterial ergibt sich ein geschwungener Verlauf der Polfäden in der Art einer Wellenlinie. Werden dabei zwei komplementäre Polfadenverläufe verwandt, so ergeben sich in der Polfadenstruktur röhrenförmige Gebilde, wie sie in Fig. 2 bereits angedeutet erkennbar sind. Insbesondere beim Führen über zwei oder mehr benachbarte Nadeln kann auch das Umschlingen entfallen, anstatt dessen wird der Polfaden nur über die Nadeln gelegt oder in die jeweilige Deckschicht mit einer Webbindung eingebunden. Im Detail ist eine derartige Ausführung in den Figg. 8 und 9 gezeigt. Der Polfaden 5 ist um drei Nadeln (oder Kettfäden) der einen Deckschicht 1 geführt und damit mit ihr verbunden. Über sechs Nadeln hinweg ist der Polfaden 5 dann frei zur anderen Deckschicht 6 geführt und dann wieder über drei Nadeln in diese eingebunden. Insgesamt ist der Polfaden 5 also über einige, hier drei, Nadeln in eine Deckschicht eingebunden, wird dann über eine gewisse, bevorzugt demgegenüber grössere, Anzahl Nadeln zur anderen Deckschicht geführt, dort eingebunden usw. Die Einbindungsbreite sowie die Länge des Polfaden für den Wechsel von einer zur anderen Deckschicht kann dem jeweiligen Zweck in weiten Grenzen angepasst werden.It is also possible to guide the pile thread over two or more adjacent needles and only then to tie it back into the other cover layer or to guide or hang the pile thread or threads over or on arbitrarily selected needles. In particular with a stiffer pile thread material, there is a curved course of the pile threads in the manner of a wavy line. If two complementary pile thread courses are used, tubular structures result in the pile thread structure, as can already be seen in FIG. 2. In particular when looping over two or more adjacent needles, the looping can also be omitted, instead the pile thread is only placed over the needles or integrated into the respective cover layer with a weave. Such an embodiment is shown in detail in FIGS. 8 and 9. The pile thread 5 is guided around three needles (or warp threads) of the one cover layer 1 and is thus connected to it. The pile thread 5 is then freely guided to the other cover layer 6 over six needles and then integrated into it again via three needles. Overall, the pile thread 5 is thus bound into a cover layer via a few, here three, needles, is then guided over a certain, preferably larger number of needles to the other cover layer, bound there, etc. The binding width and the length of the pile thread for the change from one to the other top layer can be adapted to the respective purpose within wide limits.

Eine interessante Ausführung ist die Verwendung von verschiedenen Materialien für Deckschicht und Polfaden. Wird der Polfaden aus einem relativ steifen Material, z. B einem Monofilament, ausgeführt, und die Deckschichten aus einem Material, das sich bei erhöhter Temperatur verkürzt, so kann durch Erhitzen eine Kontraktion der Deckschichten erzielt werden, wobei aber das Polfadenmaterial im wesentlichen unverändert bleibt. Der Polfaden wird dabei ebenfalls auf eine kürzere Distanz zusammengezogen, wie es Figg. 8 und 9 entsprechend vor bzw. nach der Wärmebehandlung zeigen. Die Verwendung eines steifen Monofilaments wirkt einem Zusammenfalten entgegen, so dass der Polfaden im wesentlichen seinen gestreckten Verlauf beibehält und dadurch die Deckschichten auseinanderdrückt und im Inneren bei paralleler Führung der Polfäden röhrenförmige Strukturen ausbildet (Fig. 9). Insgesamt kann ein solches Textilstück also durch Erhitzen von einer relativ kompakten Form in eine aufgeblähte Form mit grossem Luftanteil, gegebenenfalls mit röhrenförmigen Strukturen, überführt werden.An interesting version is the use of different materials for the top layer and pile thread. If the pile thread is made of a relatively rigid material, e.g. B a monofilament, and the cover layers made of a material that shortens at elevated temperature, a contraction of the cover layers can be achieved by heating, but the pile thread material remains essentially unchanged. The pile thread is also drawn together over a shorter distance, as Figg. 8 and 9 show respectively before and after the heat treatment. The use of a rigid monofilament counteracts folding, so that the pile thread essentially maintains its elongated course and thereby presses the cover layers apart and forms tubular structures on the inside while the pile threads are guided in parallel (FIG. 9). Overall, such a piece of textile can thus be converted from a relatively compact form into a blown up form with a large proportion of air, possibly with tubular structures, by heating.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, nur eine Deckschicht aus thermisch kontraktiblem Material herzustellen. Beim Erwärmen ergibt sich der obengenannte Effekt, aber, da sich nur eine Seite des Textilstücks zussammenzieht, zugleich auch eine Krümmung oder Wölbung, je nachdem, ob das gesamte Material oder gegebenenfalls nur die Kett- oder Schussfäden aus dem thermisch beeinflussbaren Material bestehen. Anstatt eines thermisch sensitiven Materials können auch Materialien verwendet werden, die auf andere chemische und/oder physikalische Einflüsse mit einer Längenänderung reagieren.Another possibility is to produce only one cover layer from thermally contractible material. When heating, the above-mentioned effect is obtained, but since only one side of the textile piece contracts, there is also a curvature or curvature, depending on whether the entire material or possibly only the warp or weft threads consist of the thermally influenceable material. Instead of a thermally sensitive material, materials can also be used which react to other chemical and / or physical influences with a change in length.

Fig. 3 zeigt sägezahnartig geführte Polfäden, die ein besonders voluminöses Füllvolumen ergeben. Um ein Verrutschen der beiden Deckschichten zu verhindern, werden die Polfäden vorteilhaft in bestimmtem Rhythmus entgegengesetzt gelegt.Fig. 3 shows sawtooth-like pile threads, which result in a particularly voluminous filling volume. In order to prevent the two cover layers from slipping, the pile threads are advantageously placed in opposite directions in a certain rhythm.

Fig. 4 zeigt auch eine sägezahnförmige Verlegung des Polfadens 5, und zwar hier im Wechsel mit zwei anderen Polfädenverläufen 6, die die übrigen Nadeln 4 belegen, wahlweise in der gleichen oder in darauffolgenden Reihen.Fig. 4 also shows a sawtooth-shaped laying of the pile thread 5, here in alternation with two other pile thread courses 6, which occupy the other needles 4, optionally in the same or in subsequent rows.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Struktur, die eine mit zwei Polfadenstrukturen 9, 10 gehaltene Mittelschicht 8 aufweist. Die Struktur kann durch die zwei verschiedenen Polstrukturen 9, 10 nach den zwei Seiten hin verschiedenes Verhalten aufweisen. Es ist auch möglich, z. B. unterhalb der oberen Nadelreihe 1 abzuscheren, etwa längs der Scherlinie 11, wonach sich auf dieser Seite eine Plüschoberfläche ergibt. Mit einer zusätzlichen Behandlung wie Rauhen kann die Oberfläche weiter an den Verwendungszweck angepasst werden.5 shows a structure which has a middle layer 8 held by two pile thread structures 9, 10. Due to the two different pole structures 9, 10, the structure can behave differently on the two sides. It is also possible e.g. B. shear below the upper row of needles 1, approximately along the shear line 11, which results in a plush surface on this side. With an additional treatment such as roughening, the surface can be further adapted to the intended use.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Ausführung mit verschieden hohen Polfadenstrukturen, einer dünneren 9 und einer dickeren 10, die auch in verschiedener Nadelteilung ausgeführt sind. Die dünnere Polfadenstruktur 9 ist dabei auf einer engeren Nadelteilung 1, 8 ausgeführt, wobei auch alle Nadeln vom Polfaden 5 umschlungen werden. Damit ist diese Struktur trotz der geringen Dicke relativ fest und dicht. Die zweite Polfadenstruktur 10 verbindet die engere Teilung der Mittelschicht 8 mit der weiteren Teilung der unteren Deckschicht 2. Dabei wird von der unteren Deckschicht 2 jede zweite Nadel vom Polfaden belegt und von der Nadelreihe der Mittelschicht 8 jede vierte bei einem angenommenen Teilungsverhältnis 1:2. Fig. 7 zeigt noch eine Erweiterung, bei der eine weitere Polfadenstruktur 12 vorhanden ist, so dass zwei verdeckte Mittelschichten 14, 15 vorhanden sind. Ausserdem ist hier nur die Nadelreihe 7 der oberen Deckschicht mit einer engeren Teilung ausgeführt, die Nadelreihen der anderen Deckschichten 14, 15 und 2 haben gleiche Teilung.Fig. 6 shows an embodiment with different high pile thread structures, a thinner 9 and a thicker 10, which are also designed in different needle pitches. The thinner pile thread structure 9 is designed on a narrower needle pitch 1, 8, with all needles being looped around by the pile thread 5. This structure is relatively strong and dense despite the small thickness. The second pile thread structure 10 connects the closer division of the middle layer 8 with the further division of the lower cover layer 2. Every second needle is occupied by the pile cover from the lower cover layer 2 and every fourth needle row 8 of the middle layer 8 with an assumed division ratio of 1: 2. FIG. 7 shows an extension in which a further pile thread structure 12 is present, so that two hidden middle layers 14, 15 are present. In addition, only the needle row 7 of the upper cover layer is designed with a narrower pitch, the needle rows of the other cover layers 14, 15 and 2 have the same pitch.

Die genannten Beispiele zeigen die sich ergebende Vielfalt an Ausführungsformen und sind im Rahmen der Erfindung miteinander kombinierbar. Die nicht dargestellten Deck- und Mittelschichten können Maschenware, Webware oder Mischformen davon in allen bekannten Varianten sein. Bei Webschichten kann mit modernen Maschinen auch eine für Maschenware typische Umschlingung der Kettfäden zur Einbindung der Polfäden durchgeführt werden, oder die Polfäden werden mit einer der bekannten Webbindungen eingebunden.The examples mentioned show the resulting variety of embodiments and are within the scope of the invention can be combined. The cover and middle layers, not shown, can be knitwear, woven goods or mixed forms thereof in all known variants. In the case of weaving layers, modern warp knitting can also be used to wrap the warp threads typical of knitted fabrics to incorporate the pile threads, or the pile threads are bound in with one of the known weaves.

Als Ausgangsmaterialien eignen sich alle heute bekannten und auf den genannten Maschinen verarbeitbaren Fadenmaterialien, wie Mono-, Multifilamente sowie Mehrkomponentenfilamente. Als Basismaterial eignen sich natürliche und synthetische Fasern, aber auch z. B. Drähte oder mineralisches Material wie Glas oder Steinfasern. Das Fadenmaterial kann noch umsponnen, ummandelt, umwunden und/oder oberflächlich beschichtet sein. Kettfäden werden dabei, insbesondere bei natürlichen Fasern, bevorzugt vor der Verarbeitung geschlichtet und das Abstandstextilmaterial wieder entschlichtet.Suitable starting materials are all thread materials known today that can be processed on the machines mentioned, such as monofilaments, multifilaments and multicomponent filaments. Natural and synthetic fibers are suitable as the base material, but also e.g. B. wires or mineral material such as glass or stone fibers. The thread material can still be wound, coated, wound and / or coated on the surface. Warp threads, especially with natural fibers, are preferably sized before processing and the spacer textile material is desized again.

Die Polfadenstruktur trägt die für geschäumte Materialien charakteristischen Merkmale bei, um die wichtigsten zu nennen: grosser Luftanteil, elastisches Verhalten, Saugfähigkeit. Je nach dem für die Polfadenstruktur verwendeten Material oder der Nachbehandlung kann eine der Eigenschaften auch in den Vordergrund gerückt werden. Durch die Verwendung von insbesondere natürlichen Fasern lässt sich auch ein hautfreundliches Textilmaterial hoher Saugfähigkeit realisieren, wodurch es beispielsweise im Inkonsistenzbereich oder als Unterlage gegen Wundliegen in Krankenhäusern verwendbar ist. Das Polfadenmaterial kann auch durch chemische oder physikalische Methoden nachträglich reversibel oder irreversibel veränderbar sein. Als Beispiel sei die Verwendung eines temperaturempfindlichen Material in der Polfadenstruktur anggeeben, das z. B. bei Temperaturerhöhung seine Länge ändert. Damit ergibt sich ein Abstandsmaterial, dessen Dicke temperaturabhängig ist, wodurch z. B. eine Isolationswirkung automatisch der Temperatur angepasst werden kann. Das Material kann auch nicht oder nur teilweise umkehrbar reagieren.The pile thread structure contributes the characteristics that are characteristic of foamed materials, to name the most important ones: large amount of air, elastic behavior, absorbency. Depending on the material used for the pile thread structure or the aftertreatment, one of the properties can also be brought to the fore. By using natural fibers in particular, a skin-friendly textile material with high absorbency can also be realized, making it usable, for example, in the area of inconsistency or as a base against bedsores in hospitals. The pile thread material can also be subsequently reversibly or irreversibly changed by chemical or physical methods. As an example, the use of a temperature-sensitive material in the pile thread structure, e.g. B. changes its length when the temperature rises. This results in a spacer material, the thickness of which is temperature-dependent, so that, for. Legs Insulation effect can be automatically adjusted to the temperature. The material can also react only reversibly or not at all.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des Abstandstextilmaterial besteht darin, dass eine grosse Zahl von Anpassungen an den vorgesehenen Einsatzzweck bereits simultan mit der Herstellung durchgeführt werden kann. Die einfachste Möglichkeit besteht in der Wahl des Fadenmaterials oder anderer klassischer Prozessparameter der Herstellung. Die mechanischen und physiologischen Eigenschaften können damit bereits in weiten Grenzen variiert werden. Z. B. erhöht ein steiferes Fadenmaterial für die Polfadenstruktur die Schlagabsorptionsfähigkeit, et vice versa. Alternativ kann auch die Polfadendichte, d. h. die Anzahl der Fäden pro m² erhöht bzw. verringert werden. Eine Anwendung ergibt sich allgemein als Füll-, Polster- oder Isoliermaterial beispielsweise in der Auto- oder Bekleidungsindustrie. Da während der Herstellung ohne Probleme auch die Länge der Polfäden und damit die Dicke des Abstandstextilmaterials verändert werden kann, ist es möglich, einer Körperform angepasste oder diese ausgleichende Polster herzustellen.A major advantage of the spacer textile material is that a large number of adaptations to the intended use can be carried out simultaneously with the manufacture. The simplest option is to choose the thread material or other classic manufacturing process parameters. The mechanical and physiological properties can thus be varied within wide limits. For example, a stiffer thread material for the pile thread structure increases the impact absorption capacity, and vice versa. Alternatively, the pile thread density, i.e. H. the number of threads per m² can be increased or decreased. An application generally arises as filling, cushioning or insulating material, for example in the automotive or clothing industry. Since the length of the pile threads and thus the thickness of the spacer textile material can also be changed without problems during the production, it is possible to produce upholstery which is adapted to a body shape or compensates for it.

Während der Herstellung kann bereits ein Füllmaterial, insbesondere ein festes, z. B. granular oder pulverförmig vorliegendes, in die Polfadenstruktur eingeführt werden, wodurch sich auch bei grossen, am Stück hergestellten Längen eine gleichmässige Verteilung des Füllstoffs ergibt. Denkbar ist auch, den Füllstoff auf geeignete Art und Weise nach der Herstellung des Abstandstextilmaterials durch Wärme, Strahlung etc. zu aktivieren, entweder um ihn in eine andere, eine bestimmte Funktion erfüllende Form zu überführen, oder mit seiner Hilfe die Eigenschaften der Polfadenstruktur oder der Deckschichten von innen her zu verändern. Das Abstandstextilmaterial kann auch nachträglich beschichtet werden und/oder die Polfäden können oberflächlich modifiziert durchzuführen. Weitere Beinflussungsmöglichkeiten sind dem Fachmann aus dem oben gesagten zugänglich und werden vom Erfindungsgedanken eingeschlossen.A filler, in particular a solid, e.g. B. granular or powdery present, are introduced into the pile thread structure, which results in a uniform distribution of the filler even with large lengths made in one piece. It is also conceivable to activate the filler in a suitable manner after the production of the spacer textile material by heat, radiation, etc., either in order to convert it into another form that fulfills a certain function, or with its help the properties of the pile thread structure or the Change top layers from the inside. The spacer textile material can also be coated subsequently and / or the pile threads can be modified on the surface. Other influencing options are accessible to the person skilled in the art from what has been said above and are included in the inventive concept.

Das Abstandstextilmaterial kann auch als Filtermaterial dienen, wobei durch entsprechende Vorbehandlung des Fadenmaterials für die Polfadenstruktur und/oder Nachbehandlung des Abstandstextilmaterials noch besondere Eigenschaften ausgebildet werden können. Z. B. kann in die Polfadenstruktur Aktivkohle eingeblasen oder auch bereits bei der Herstellung der Polfadenstruktur eingebracht werden. Auch das Einbringen eines Katalysators auf eine der genannten Methoden ist möglich. Anwendungen ergeben sich z. B. im Bereich der Luft-, Gas- und Staubfilter und der chemischen Prozesstechnik.The spacer textile material can also serve as a filter material, with special properties being able to be formed by appropriate pretreatment of the thread material for the pile thread structure and / or post-treatment of the spacer textile material. For example, activated carbon can be blown into the pile thread structure or even introduced during the manufacture of the pile thread structure. It is also possible to introduce a catalyst using one of the methods mentioned. Applications arise e.g. B. in the field of air, gas and dust filters and chemical process technology.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht im Tränken der Polfadenstruktur oder auch des gesamten Abstandstextilmaterials, wodurch sich, je nach Art und Menge des Tränkungsmaterials, mehr eine Ummantelung der Fäden oder ein Ausfüllen der Hohlräume ergibt. Damit können alle Materialien zwischen einem grossvolumigen Material mit hohem Luftanteil und beschichteten Fäden bis zu einem vollständig gefüllten Körper, z. B. in der Art eines Faserverbundartikels, hergestellt werden. Die Verwendung eines aushärtenden Tränkungsmittels, etwa eines Harzes, Kunstharzes, Thermoplasts usw. erlaubt die Herstellung eines gemäss der Aushärtung versteiften Textilmaterials mit durch die übrigen Herstellungsparameter einstellbaren Luftanteil. Mit dem Abstandstextilmaterial kann dabei die Dicke und das Material gemäss dem Anforderungsprofil in weiten Grenzen frei, aber wohldefiniert eingestellt werden.Another possibility is to impregnate the pile thread structure or the entire spacer textile material, which, depending on the type and amount of the impregnation material, results in a more covering of the threads or filling in the cavities. This means that all materials can be used between a large volume material with a high proportion of air and coated threads up to a completely filled body, e.g. B. in the manner of a fiber composite article. The use of a hardening impregnating agent, such as a resin, synthetic resin, thermoplastic, etc., permits the production of a textile material stiffened according to the hardening process and with an air proportion that can be adjusted by the other manufacturing parameters. With the spacer textile material, the thickness and the material can be freely adjusted according to the requirement profile, but in a well-defined manner.

Eine partielle Tränkung kann zur Modifikation des Verhaltens gegenüber dem durch die Polfadenstruktur streichenden Medium, insbesondere Flüssigkeiten oder Gase, benutzt werden, z. B. bei Filtern, um bestimmte Stoffe abzutrennen, oder für katalytische Wirkungen, oder es können die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Abstandstextilmaterials verändert werden. Eine auf diese Art stabilisiertes Abstandstextilmaterial, das trotzdem noch eine recht lockere Polfadenstruktur aufweist, kann z. B. für Hinterlüftungszwecke Anwendung finden, oder in Anwendungen mit erhöhten mechanischen Anforderungen, insbesondere bezüglich Reissfestigkeit und Schlagabsorption, eingesetzt werden. Auch eine Mehrfachbehandlung ist denkbar. Weiter kann das Abstandstextilmaterial durch eine derartige Behandlung zusätzlich zur Wahl des geeigneten Materials gegen Umwelteinflüsse resistent gemacht werden, wie Hitze (Feuer) oder agressive chemische Stoffe, und wegen seiner Isolationswirkung und Saugfähigkeit in Schutzbekleidung und anderen technischen Verkleidungen, wie z. B. Maschinenenabdeckungen, Verwendung finden.A partial impregnation can be used to modify the behavior towards the medium, in particular liquids or gases, which passes through the pile thread structure, e.g. B. in filters to separate certain substances, or for catalytic effects, or it can mechanical Properties of the spacer textile material are changed. A spacer textile material stabilized in this way, which still has a rather loose pile thread structure, can e.g. B. for ventilation purposes, or in applications with increased mechanical requirements, in particular with regard to tear resistance and impact absorption. Multiple treatment is also conceivable. Furthermore, the spacer textile material can be made resistant to environmental influences such as heat (fire) or aggressive chemical substances by such a treatment in addition to the choice of the suitable material, and because of its insulating effect and absorbency in protective clothing and other technical claddings, such as, for. B. machine covers, use.

Eine dreidimensionale Formgebung ist in beschränktem Umfang durch Variation der Polfadenlänge, -dichte und/oder des Polfadenmaterials möglich. Weitgehende Freiheit der Formgebung ist durch die bekannten Techniken der Formgebung auf Strick- und Wirkmaschinen gegeben, wie z. B. Zunehmen und Abnehmen von Maschen. Offensichtlich benötigt die Formgebung hierbei keinen zusätzlichen Prozessschritt. Es ist auch möglich, einen der späteren Formung angepassten Vorformling herzustellen. Dieser kann später mechanisch in die gewünschte Form gebracht und fixiert werden. Eine gesteuerte Verformung ist auch durch die Wahl geeigneter, an sich bekannter Fadenmaterialien möglich, die auf chemische oder physikalische Einflüsse reagieren, wie z. B. Temperatur oder Azidität. Zur Formfixierung kann, wenn die Eigenstabilität des Materials nicht genügt, einmal das Tränken mit einem aushärtenden Material oder eine der anderen üblichen Techniken angewandt werden, wie z. B. Thermofixierung.A three-dimensional shape is possible to a limited extent by varying the pile thread length, density and / or the pile thread material. Extensive freedom of design is given by the known techniques of design on knitting and warp knitting machines, such as. B. Increase and decrease stitches. Obviously, the shaping does not require an additional process step. It is also possible to produce a preform that is adapted to the later shaping. This can later be mechanically brought into the desired shape and fixed. Controlled deformation is also possible through the selection of suitable, known thread materials that react to chemical or physical influences, such as. B. temperature or acidity. To fix the shape, if the inherent stability of the material is not sufficient, impregnation with a hardening material or one of the other conventional techniques, such as e.g. B. Heat setting.

Da die Deckschichten ein Gewebe oder Maschenware sind, können die von daher bekannten Techniken zur Farbgebung, Musterung und Strukturierung angewandt werden. Es ist damit z. B. möglich, ästhetisch ansprechende Verkleidungen aus dem Abstandstextilmaterial direkt von der Maschine herzustellen. Anwendungen ergeben sich z. B. für Innenbezüge von Autodächern, Polsterungen und andere Verkleidungen. Das Abstandstextilmaterial kann auch beschichtet oder laminiert werden. Die Deckschichten können z. B. mit Plüsch ausgestattet sein. Beflocken, Bedrucken usw. sind ebenfalls möglich.Since the cover layers are a woven or knitted fabric, the techniques for coloring, patterning and structuring which are therefore known can be used. It is with it e.g. B. possible to produce aesthetically pleasing linings from the spacer textile material directly from the machine. Applications arise e.g. B. for interior covers of car roofs, upholstery and other cladding. The spacer textile material can also be coated or laminated. The cover layers can e.g. B. be equipped with plush. Flocking, printing, etc. are also possible.

Durch die Wahl des geeigneten Materials für die Deckschichten und die verbindende Polfadenstruktur lässt sich das Abstandstextilmaterial an die verschiedensten Anwendungen anpassen, die bisher eine Domäne der geschäumten Materialien waren. Zusätzliche Vorteile ergeben sich daraus, dass für das Fadenmaterial eine breitere Palette von Ausgangsstoffen zur Verfügung steht als für schäumungsfähiges Material. Insbesondere natürliche Materialien bieten sich für wiederverwertungsfähiges Abstandstextilmaterial an. Anwendungen ergeben sich für alle Anwendungsgebiete geschäumter Materialien bzw. Mehrlagentextilien, wie besonders Filter; Schalldämmung; Schaumsubstitute, besonders für Laminate oder Kachierungen; Hinterlüftungen; Verkleidungen; klinische und medizinische Anwendungen wie Inkontinenz, Vermeiden von Wundliegen, Verbandsstoffe; Matratzen und Decken, Heizdecken; Schuhsohlen und Einlagen; Polsterungen; Abstandshalter; Klimazonen: Abdeckungen und Bezüge im Fahrzeugsektor, wie Cabrioverdecke, Fahrzeughimmel, Sitzbezüge; zweieinhalbdimensionale Produkte, beispielsweise Mehrwegwindelhöschen.Through the choice of the suitable material for the cover layers and the connecting pile thread structure, the spacer textile material can be adapted to a wide variety of applications that were previously a domain of the foamed materials. Additional advantages result from the fact that a wider range of starting materials is available for the thread material than for foamable material. Natural materials in particular lend themselves to recyclable spacer textile material. Applications arise for all areas of application of foamed materials or multi-layer textiles, such as filters in particular; Soundproofing; Foam substitutes, especially for laminates or tiling; Rear ventilation; Claddings; clinical and medical applications such as incontinence, avoiding bedsores, dressings; Mattresses and blankets, electric blankets; Shoe soles and insoles; Upholstery; Spacers; Climatic zones: covers and covers in the vehicle sector, such as convertible tops, headliners, seat covers; two and a half dimensional products, for example reusable diaper pants.

Eine interessante Anwendung des Materials ist die Auskleidung von Radkästen. Dafür wird es einmal dreidimensional entsprechend der Radkastenform geformt oder auch in einer gesteuerten Stricktechnik durch Maschenzunahme und -abnahme in diese Form gebracht. Durch Verfestigen, z. B Tränken mit einem Thermoplast oder auch die Verwendung thermisch härtbaren Polfadenmaterials wird es durch Erwärmen in dieser Form fixiert. Vorteilhaft kann dieses Erwärmen auch erst geschehen, nachdem das Material im Radkasten angebracht worden ist. Denkbar wäre u. a. auch eine photochemische Härtung, z. B. durch ultraviolette Strahlung. Bevorzugt weist das Material eine rauhe Oberfläche auf und erlaubt das Eindringen von Spritzwasser in die Polfadenstruktur, in dem es dann wieder ablaufen kann. Dadurch wird die Verwirbelung des Spritzwassers wesentlich reduziert. Die dem Rad abgewandte Seite wird bevorzugt wasserundurchdringlich ausgeführt.An interesting application of the material is the lining of wheel arches. For this, it is shaped three-dimensionally according to the wheel arch shape, or it is brought into this shape using a controlled knitting technique by increasing and decreasing the stitch. By solidifying, e.g. B impregnation with a thermoplastic or the use of thermally curable pile thread material, it is by heating in this Fixed shape. This heating can also advantageously only take place after the material has been attached to the wheel arch. A photochemical hardening, e.g. B. by ultraviolet radiation. The material preferably has a rough surface and allows splash water to penetrate into the pile thread structure, in which it can then run off again. This significantly reduces the swirling of the spray water. The side facing away from the wheel is preferably made impermeable to water.

Weitere Anwendungen gegenüber den bekannten Materialien ergeben sich zwanglos aus dem oben gesagten. Beispiel sei die Herstellung eines Formkörpers mit grossem Luftanteil aus einem harzgetränkten Abstandstextilmaterial.Further applications compared to the known materials result from the above. Example is the production of a molded body with a large amount of air from a resin-impregnated spacer textile material.

Claims (19)

Abstandstextilmaterial mit einer oberen und einer unteren Deckschicht (1,2), die durch mindestens eine Polfadenstruktur (3) verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckschichten (1, 2) und die Polfadenstruktur (3) aus Strickware oder aus Strick- und Webanteile aufweisendem Material bestehen, und dass es aus natürlichen, mineralischen, metallischen oder synthetischen Fadenmaterialien wie auch Mono- oder Multifilamenten oder Mehrkomponentenfadenmaterialien aus mindestens einem der vorgenannten Materialien besteht, die gegebenenfalls umzwirnt, ummantelt oder sonstwie oberflächlich beschichtet sind.Spacer textile material with an upper and a lower cover layer (1, 2), which are connected by at least one pile thread structure (3), characterized in that the cover layers (1, 2) and the pile thread structure (3) are made of knitwear or of knitted and woven parts comprising material, and that it consists of natural, mineral, metallic or synthetic thread materials as well as mono- or multifilaments or multi-component thread materials made of at least one of the aforementioned materials, which may be twisted, covered or otherwise coated on the surface. Abstandstextilmaterial für technische und sanitäre Artikel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine obere und eine untere Deckschicht (1,2) , die durch mindestens eine Polfadenstruktur (3) verbunden sind, aufweist, dass die Deckschichten (1, 2) und die Polfadenstruktur (3) Web- oder Maschenware oder Mischformen davon sind, und dass es aus natürlichen, mineralischen, metallischen oder synthetischen Fadenmaterialien wie auch Mono- oder Multifilamenten oder Mehrkomponentenfadenmaterialien aus mindestens einem der vorgenannten Materialien besteht, die gegebenenfalls umzwirnt, ummantelt oder sonstwie oberflächlich beschichtet sind.Spacer textile material for technical and sanitary articles, characterized in that it has an upper and a lower cover layer (1, 2), which are connected by at least one pile thread structure (3), that the cover layers (1, 2) and the pile thread structure (3 ) Are woven or knitted goods or mixed forms thereof, and that it consists of natural, mineral, metallic or synthetic thread materials as well as mono- or multifilaments or multi-component thread materials made of at least one of the above-mentioned materials, which may be twisted, covered or otherwise coated on the surface. Abstandstextilmaterial gemäss Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine textile Zwischenschicht (8) zwischen den Deckschichten (1, 2) vorhanden ist, die mit den Deckschichten und/oder weiteren Zwischenschichten über Polfadenstrukturen (9, 10) verbunden ist.Spacer textile material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one textile intermediate layer (8) is present between the cover layers (1, 2), which is connected to the cover layers and / or further intermediate layers via pile thread structures (9, 10). Abstandstextilmaterial gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckschichten (1, 2) flächige Strukturen, insbesondere Musterungen, Strukturvariationen und/oder Farbvariationen aufweisen, und/oder das Abstandstextilmaterial zweieinhalb oder dreidimensional geformt ist, insbesondere Dickenschwankungen aufweist oder als dreidimensional ausgeformter Formling vorliegt.Spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cover layers (1, 2) have flat structures, in particular patterns, structure variations and / or have color variations, and / or the spacer textile material is shaped two and a half or three-dimensionally, in particular has fluctuations in thickness or is present as a three-dimensionally shaped article. Abstandstextilmaterial gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Material eines Polfadens derart gewählt ist, dass es auf chemische oder physikalische Einflüsse reversibel, teilreversibel oder irreversibel reagiert.Spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a material of a pile thread is selected such that it reacts reversibly, partially reversibly or irreversibly to chemical or physical influences. Abstandstextilmaterial gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polfadenverläufe mindestens einer Deckschicht regelmässig oder unregelmässig variierend ausgeführt sind.Spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pile thread courses of at least one cover layer are designed to vary regularly or irregularly. Abstandstextilmaterial gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Deckschicht und/oder Mittelschicht und/oder Polfadenstruktur aus mindestens zwei verschiedenen Materialien besteht.Spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one cover layer and / or middle layer and / or pile thread structure consists of at least two different materials. Abstandstextilmaterial gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Polfadenstruktur Füllstoffe, chemische Reagentien und/oder eine physikalische Wirksamkeit besitzende Stoffe eingelagert sind.Spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that fillers, chemical reagents and / or substances having a physical activity are embedded in the pile thread structure. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fadenmaterial vor der Herstellung des Textilmaterials geschlichtet und nach der Verarbeitung wieder entschlichtet wird.Method for producing the spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the thread material is sized before the production of the textile material and desized after processing. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polfadenstruktur und/oder mindestens eine der Deckschichten mit mindestens einem flüssigen, gasförmigen, schüttbaren oder staubförmigen Stoff durchsetzt wird, der die Oberfläche des Materials der Polfadenstruktur oder der Deckschicht in ihren chemischen und/oder physikalischen Eigenschaften modifiziert und/oder im Abstandstextilmaterial entweder in der ursprünglichen oder in einer chemisch veränderten Form verbleibt.Method for producing the spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pile thread structure and / or at least one of the cover layers with at least one liquid, gaseous, is pourable or dusty material that modifies the surface of the material of the pile thread structure or the cover layer in its chemical and / or physical properties and / or remains in the spacer textile material either in the original or in a chemically modified form. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es schwerentflammbar, wasseranziehend oder -abstossend und/oder resistent gegen Chemikalien ausgerüstet wird.A method for producing the spacer textile material according to claim 10, characterized in that it is made flame-retardant, water-absorbing or water-repellent and / or resistant to chemicals. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für mindestens eine Polfadenstruktur ein erstes Material und für mindestens eine Deckschicht ein zweites Material verwendet wird, wobei erstes und zweites Material sich in ihrer Reaktion auf eine physikalische und/oder chemische Einwirkung unterscheiden, und dass nach der mechanischen Erstellung des Textils diese physikalische oder chemische Einwirkung erfolgt, wodurch sich die Geometrie und/oder Struktur des Textilmaterials ändert.Method for producing the spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a first material is used for at least one pile thread structure and a second material is used for at least one cover layer, the first and second material being different in their response to a physical and / or distinguish chemical action, and that after the mechanical creation of the textile this physical or chemical action takes place, whereby the geometry and / or structure of the textile material changes. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss Anspruhe 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Textilmaterial erhöhter Temperatur ausgesetzt wird, bei der sich das zweite Material im wesentlichen kontrahiert.Method for producing the spacer textile material according to claims 12, characterized in that the textile material is exposed to an elevated temperature at which the second material essentially contracts. Verwendung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 als Ersatz für geschäumte Materialien oder geschäumte Materialien enthaltende Produkte sowie für grossvolumige Faserverbundartikel.Use of the spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 8 as a replacement for foamed materials or products containing foamed materials and for large-volume fiber composite articles. Verwendung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 für technische Anwendungen, medizinische Anwendungen oder als Material für dekorative Zwecke.Use of the spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 8 for technical applications, medical applications or as a material for decorative purposes. Verwendung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss Anspruch 14 oder 15 für schockabsorbierende Verkleidungen, Filter, Schalldämmung, Wärmedämmung, Hinterlüftung, Isolierung, Verkleidungen, Polsterungen, elastische und unelastische Stossenergieabsorber, stoffabsorbierende, -freigebende oder -austauschende Artikel oder chemisch aktive Artikel wie Katalysatoren oder Ionenaustauscher.Use of the spacer textile material according to claim 14 or 15 for shock-absorbing cladding, filters, sound insulation, thermal insulation, rear ventilation, insulation, cladding, upholstery, elastic and inelastic impact energy absorbers, substance-absorbing, releasing or exchanging articles or chemically active articles such as catalysts or ion exchangers. Verwendung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss Anspruch 15 für Inkontinenzartikel, Verbandsmaterialien, Schuhsohlen, Einlagen, Schutzkleidung, insbesondere mit isolierender oder mechanische Einwirkungen abfangender Wirkung, und/oder Polsterungen.Use of the spacer textile material according to claim 15 for incontinence articles, bandaging materials, shoe soles, insoles, protective clothing, in particular with an insulating or mechanical effect intercepting effect, and / or padding. Verwendung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es zum Ausgleich, zur Betonung und/oder zur Abpolsterung von Oberflächenkonturen angewandt wird.Use of the spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is used to compensate, to emphasize and / or to cushion surface contours. Verwendung des Abstandstextilmaterials gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 für die Auskleidung von Radkästen.Use of the spacer textile material according to one of claims 1 to 8 for the lining of wheel arches.
EP94101887A 1993-02-22 1994-02-08 Face-to-face fabric with variable trickness, process of manufacturing and applications Expired - Lifetime EP0617152B1 (en)

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US5589245A (en) 1996-12-31
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ATE183784T1 (en) 1999-09-15
CZ35794A3 (en) 1994-09-14

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