EP0609300B1 - Process for transmitting or storing over disturbed channels a digitalized, encoded audio signal composed of a series of information blocks - Google Patents

Process for transmitting or storing over disturbed channels a digitalized, encoded audio signal composed of a series of information blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0609300B1
EP0609300B1 EP92921545A EP92921545A EP0609300B1 EP 0609300 B1 EP0609300 B1 EP 0609300B1 EP 92921545 A EP92921545 A EP 92921545A EP 92921545 A EP92921545 A EP 92921545A EP 0609300 B1 EP0609300 B1 EP 0609300B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
information
units
encoded
audio signal
regard
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP92921545A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0609300A1 (en
Inventor
Detlef Wiese
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Institut fuer Rundfunktechnik GmbH
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Institut fuer Rundfunktechnik GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/86—Arrangements characterised by the broadcast information itself
    • H04H20/95—Arrangements characterised by the broadcast information itself characterised by a specific format, e.g. MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/02—Arrangements for generating broadcast information; Arrangements for generating broadcast-related information with a direct linking to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for simultaneous generation of broadcast information and broadcast-related information
    • H04H60/07—Arrangements for generating broadcast information; Arrangements for generating broadcast-related information with a direct linking to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for simultaneous generation of broadcast information and broadcast-related information characterised by processes or methods for the generation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a method is known from the international publication WO, A, 92 179 48 published on October 15, 1992.
  • bit-saving source codes are usually used before the channel coding, which are based on a reduction in redundancy and irrelevance.
  • additional and control information such as, for example, scale factors, scale factor selection information and bit allocation information
  • additional and control information are transmitted, ie successive information units of different content must be transmitted, a sequence of such information units being combined to form an information block (also called an “information frame”) is.
  • Bit error individual Binary digits within an information block produce a different subjective interference effect on the listener. For example, the disruption of a bit assignment in the broadcast channel can briefly lead to a complete failure on the playback side and thus to a muting of the audio signal of a certain duration.
  • This control information must therefore be protected considerably more than the encoded samples.
  • the listener can only perceive a bit error of a low-value binary position of the encoded sample with difficulty and sometimes even not at all.
  • the object of the invention is to provide, in a method of the type mentioned at the outset, a channel coding which is optimized with regard to minimal subjective interference, minimum data rate and maximum error protection.
  • the invention is based on the consideration of using the different meaning of the information units within each information block for a continuously graduated, variable error protection in such a way that certain interference patterns result in the case of transmission disturbances, which can be well concealed by suitable techniques. By permitting these error patterns, the data rate for transmission can be reduced since less data than in the prior art are required for adequate error protection.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP92/02401 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 20, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 20, 1994 PCT Filed Oct. 20, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/08656 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 29, 1993.Digitalized encoded audio signals for transmission over disturbed channels are composed of a series of information blocks made of information units containing various types of information, such as control information, scale factor information and information on encoded scanning values derived from partial-band and/or transformation coding at the source. The units of information concerning the encoded scanning values are allocated to a predetermined spectral structure. Before its transmission or storage, the encoded audio signal is subjected to a channel encoding dependent on the desired error protection. When errors are recognized, they are corrected, and when the errors cannot be corrected, they are concealed. For the channel encoding of the units of information concerning the encoded scanning values, a variable bit error protection is provided depending on the allocation of the individual information unit to a determined spectral structure, i.e., units of information concerning the encoded scanning values of lower frequency audio signal fractions are given a higher bit error protection than units of information concerning the encoded scanning values of higher frequency audio signal fractions. The variable error protection to be selected for the individual information units is further determined depending on the admissible duration and frequency, according to subjective criteria, of the applied error concealment.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus der internationalen Veröffentlichungsschrift WO, A, 92 179 48 veröffentlicht am 15.10.1992, bekannt.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from the international publication WO, A, 92 179 48 published on October 15, 1992.

Zum Übertragen digital codierter Tonsignale über Rundfunkkanäle oder andere störbehaftete Kanäle wird ein relativ hoher Bit-Fehlerschutz sendeseitig angestrebt, um auch einen Empfang unter schlechten Übertragungsbedingungen, beispielsweise durch Abschattungen bei mobilem Empfang, zu gewährleisten. Dies erfordert eine entsprechend hohe Redundanz der zu übertragenden Binärstellen des digital codierten Signals, was mit hohen Datenraten verbunden ist. Zur Verringerung der Datenrate werden meist vor der Kanalcodierung bitsparende Quellencodierungen eingesetzt, welche auf einer Redundanz- und Irrelevanz-Verringerung beruhen. Bei solchen bitsparenden Quellcodierungen wird das digital abgetastete Tonsignal unter Verwendung einer Filterbank in Teilband-Abtastwerte und/oder unter Verwendung einer Transformation in den Frequenzbereich in spektrale Abtastwerte umgesetzt. Zusätzlich zu den Abtastwerten werden Zusatz- und Steuerinformationen, wie beispielsweise Skalenfaktoren, Skalenfaktor-Selektierungsinformationen und Bitzuweisungs-Informationen übertragen, d.h., es müssen aufeinanderfolgende Informationseinheiten unterschiedlichen Inhaltes übertragen werden, wobei eine Folge solcher Informationseinheiten zu einem Informationsblock (auch "Infomlationsrahmen" genannt) zusammengefaßt ist. Bit-Fehler einzelnen Binärstellen innerhalb eines Informationsblockes erzeugen eine unterschiedlich subjektive Störwirkung beim Hörer. So kann beispielsweise die Störung einer Bit-Zuweisung im Rundfunkkanal kurzzeitig zu einem völligen Ausfall auf der Wiedergabeseite und damit zu einer Stummschaltung des Tonsignals von einer bestimmten Dauer führen. Diese Steuerinformationen müssen deshalb erheblich stärker geschützt werden als die encodierten Abtastwerte. Für den Fehlerschutz der encodierten Abtastwerte gilt, daß ein Bitfehler einer geringwertigen Binärstelle des encodierten Abtastwertes vom Hörer nur schwer und manchmal sogar überhaupt nicht wahrgenommen werden kann.In order to transmit digitally coded audio signals via radio channels or other interference-prone channels, a relatively high bit error protection is sought at the transmission end in order to also ensure reception under poor transmission conditions, for example by shadowing in the case of mobile reception. This requires a correspondingly high redundancy of the binary positions of the digitally coded signal to be transmitted, which is associated with high data rates. To reduce the data rate, bit-saving source codes are usually used before the channel coding, which are based on a reduction in redundancy and irrelevance. With such bit-saving source encodings, the digitally sampled audio signal is converted into subband samples using a filter bank and / or into spectral samples using a frequency domain transformation. In addition to the sampled values, additional and control information, such as, for example, scale factors, scale factor selection information and bit allocation information, are transmitted, ie successive information units of different content must be transmitted, a sequence of such information units being combined to form an information block (also called an “information frame”) is. Bit error individual Binary digits within an information block produce a different subjective interference effect on the listener. For example, the disruption of a bit assignment in the broadcast channel can briefly lead to a complete failure on the playback side and thus to a muting of the audio signal of a certain duration. This control information must therefore be protected considerably more than the encoded samples. For the error protection of the encoded samples, the listener can only perceive a bit error of a low-value binary position of the encoded sample with difficulty and sometimes even not at all.

Aus der DE 38 05 169 C2 ist es bekannt, einen variablen Bitfehlerschutz vorzusehen, welcher an die variierende Bedeutung der einzelnen Binärstellen jedes Informationsblockes angepaßt wird. Im Falle von zunehmend schlechter werdenden Übertragungsbedingungen sind zunächst die weniger wichtigen Binärstellen des Informationsblockes gestört, da diese Binärstellen einen geringeren Fehlerschutz erhalten als die höherwertigen Binärstellen. Mit zunehmend schlechter werdenden Übertragungsbedingungen werden immer wichtigere Binärstellen gestört, wobei die subjektive Störwirkung mit "wahrnehmbar", "leicht störend" bis hin zu "unangenehm störend" beschrieben werden kann. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, daß nur eine Fehlerkorrektur der empfangenen, encodierten Tonsignaldaten möglich ist, nicht dagegen eine Fehlerverschleierung, so daß relativ große subjektive Störwirkungen auftreten können.From DE 38 05 169 C2 it is known to provide variable bit error protection which is adapted to the varying meaning of the individual binary positions of each information block. In the event of increasingly poor transmission conditions, the less important binary digits of the information block are initially disturbed, since these binary digits receive less error protection than the higher-order binary digits. With increasingly poor transmission conditions, more and more important binary digits are disturbed, whereby the subjective interference effect can be described as "perceptible", "slightly disturbing" up to "unpleasantly disturbing". It is assumed that only an error correction of the received, encoded audio signal data is possible, but not an error concealment, so that relatively large subjective interference effects can occur.

Aus der internationalen Veröffentlichungsschrift WO, A, 92 179 48 vom 15.10.1992 ist es bekannt, gestörte Teilbänder oder Spektralwerte gezielt zu verschleiern und dadurch die subjektive Störwirkung herabzusetzen.From international publication WO, A, 92 179 48 of October 15, 1992, it is known to disguise disturbed subbands or spectral values in a targeted manner and thereby reduce the subjective interference effect.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bei einem Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art eine Kanalcodierung anzugeben, welche hinsichtlich minimaler subjektiver Störwirkung, minimaler Datenrate und maximalem Fehlerschutz optimiert ist.The object of the invention is to provide, in a method of the type mentioned at the outset, a channel coding which is optimized with regard to minimal subjective interference, minimum data rate and maximum error protection.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous further developments of the method according to the invention result from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Überlegung, die unterschiedliche Bedeutung der Informationseinheiten innerhalb jedes Informationsblockes derart für einen kontinuierlich abgestuften, variablen Fehlerschutz auszunutzen, daß sich bei Übertragungsstörungen bestimmte Störmuster ergeben, die sich durch geeignete Techniken gut verschleiern lassen. Durch die Zulassung dieser Fehlermuster kann die Datenrate für die Übertragung reduziert werden, da weniger Daten als beim Stand der Technik für einen ausreichenden Fehlerschutz benötigt werden.The invention is based on the consideration of using the different meaning of the information units within each information block for a continuously graduated, variable error protection in such a way that certain interference patterns result in the case of transmission disturbances, which can be well concealed by suitable techniques. By permitting these error patterns, the data rate for transmission can be reduced since less data than in the prior art are required for adequate error protection.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren benutzten Informationsblockes, welcher aus einer Folge von neun Informationseinheiten mit unterschiedlichem Fehlerschutz besteht;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich wie in Fig. 1 für ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiels, und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung der beiden Kanäle eines nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gemäß Fig. 2 kanalcodierten, stereophonen Tonsignals nach erfolgter Kanaldecodierung.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of an information block used in the method according to the invention, which consists of a sequence of nine information units with different error protection;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation similar to that in Fig. 1 for a alternative embodiment, and
Fig. 3
is a schematic representation of the two channels of a channel-coded, stereophonic audio signal according to the inventive method of FIG. 2 after channel decoding.

Im Folgenden wird angenommen, daß als Quellcodierungsverfahren ein Teilbandverfahren benutzt wird, bei dem das Frequenzband des digitalisierten Tonsignals in eine Vielzahl von Teilbändern aufgespalten wird. Jedes Teilband wird einer von sechs Teilbandgruppen zugeordnet. Die Bitzuweisung und damit Datenreduktion der Abtastwerte jedes Teilbandes erfolgt entsprechend psychoakustischen Gesichtspunkten (Mithörschwellenberechnung). Dabei wird in jedem Teilband für eine bestimmte Anzahl aufeinanderfolgender Abtastwerte der Spitzenwert des Betrages dieser Abtastwerte bestimmt und als sogenannter "Skalenfaktor" quantisiert festgehalten sowie zusammen mit den datenreduzierten Abtastwerten sowie der Bitzuweisungsinformation einer Kanalcodierung unterzogen. Zusätzlich zu den Skalenfaktoren kann eine Selektierungsinformation für die unbedingt notwendigen Skalenfaktoren übertragen werden, um die Anzahl der zu übertragenden Skalenfaktoren und damit die Datenmenge weiter zu reduzieren. In der Figur ist ein derartiges, datenreduziertes, kanalcodiertes Tonsignal 1 schematisch dargestellt, welches aus einer Vielzahl von aufeinanderfolgenden Informationsblöcken 10 besteht. Die Informationsblöcke 10 sind vorzugsweise gleich lang und umfassen im gezeigten Beispielsfalle jeweils eine Folge von neun Informationseinheiten 11 bis 19. Die neun Informationseinheiten 11 bis 19 enthalten entsprechend dem betrachteten Quellcodierungsschema folgende Information:

Einheit 11
Bitzuweisungsinformation
Einheit 12
Skalenfaktor-Selektierungsinformation
Einheit 13
Skalenfaktoren
Einheit 14
Teilbandgruppe Nr. 1
Einheit 15
Teilbandgruppe Nr. 2
Einheit 16
Teilbandgruppe Nr. 3
Einheit 17
Teilbandgruppe Nr. 4
Einheit 18
Teilbandgruppe Nr. 5
Einheit 19
Teilbandgruppe Nr. 6.
In the following it is assumed that a sub-band method is used as the source coding method, in which the frequency band of the digitized audio signal is split into a plurality of sub-bands. Each subband is assigned to one of six subband groups. The bit allocation and thus data reduction of the sample values of each subband is carried out according to psychoacoustic aspects (monitoring threshold calculation). The peak value of the amount of these samples is determined in each subband for a specific number of successive samples and quantized as a so-called "scale factor" and subjected to channel coding together with the data-reduced samples and the bit allocation information. In addition to the scale factors, selection information for the absolutely necessary scale factors can be transmitted in order to further reduce the number of scale factors to be transmitted and thus the amount of data. Such a data-reduced, channel-coded audio signal 1 is shown schematically in the figure and consists of a large number of successive information blocks 10. The information blocks 10 are preferably of equal length and, in the example shown, each comprise a sequence of nine information units 11 to 19. The nine information units 11 to 19 contain the following information in accordance with the source coding scheme under consideration:
Unit 11
Bit allocation information
Unit 12
Scale factor selection information
Unit 13
Scale factors
Unit 14
Subband group No. 1
Unit 15
Subband group No. 2
Unit 16
Subband group No. 3
Unit 17
Sub-band group No. 4
Unit 18
Subband group No. 5
Unit 19
Subband group No. 6.

Erfindungsgemäß wird den einzelnen Informationseinheiten 11 bis 19 ein variierender Bitfehlerschutz 21 bis 29 bei der Kanalcodierung zugewiesen. Die Bitzuweisungsinformation 11 und die Skalenfador-Selektierungsinformation 12 benötigen einen hohen Fehlerschutz 21 bzw. 22, da Bitfehler innerhalb dieser Informationseinheiten zu einer völligen Zerstörung des Tonsignals am Ausgang des Quellen-Decoders führen können. Da gestörte Skalenfaktoren 13 subjektiv äußerst störend wirken, benötigen sie ebenfalls einen relativ hohen Fehlerschutz 23. Die Teilbandgruppen Nr. 1 bis Nr. 6, die als Informationseinheiten 14 bis 19 dargestellt sind, werden hinsichtlich ihres Fehlerschutzes 24 bis 29 unterschiedlich behandelt. Dabei befinden sich die Teilband-Abtastwerte der Teilbänder des unteren Frequenzbereichs in der Informationseinheit 14, die des höchsten zu übertragenen Frequenzbereichs in der Informationseinheit 19. Den Teilbandgruppen Nr. 1 bis Nr. 6, dargestellt durch die Informationseinheiten 11 bis 19, werden die datenreduzierten Teilbandabtastwerte nach ihrer spektralen Zugehörigkeit zugewiesen. Die Teilbandgruppen erhalten dabei einen von tiefen zu hohen Frequenzen abfallenden, unterschiedlichen Fehlerschutz 24 bis 29. Um Fehler in den Einheiten 14 bis 19 besser erkennen zu können, ist bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 zwischen die Informationseinheiten 13 und 14 eine zusätzliche Informationseinheit 40 eingefügt, welche einen zusätzlichen Fehlerschutz 50 für die Einheiten 14 bis 19 im Hinblick auf bessere Fehlererkennung aufweist. Eine Anwendung dieser besseren Fehlererkennung ist in Fig. 2 anhand eines zweikanaligen, stereophonen Tonsignals gezeigt. In jedem der beiden Kanäle Nr. 1 und Nr. 2 sind drei aufeinanderfolgende Informationsblöcke 110, 120, 130 bzw. 210, 220, 230 veranschaulicht. Jeder dieser Blöcke besteht, wie in Fig. 1 für den Block 10 gezeigt ist, aus neun Informationseinheiten. In den Blöcken 110, 130, 220 und 230 sind, wie durch Querschraffur kenntlich gemacht ist, jeweils eine bzw. zwei Informationseinheiten mit Teilband-Gruppeninformation gestört. Diese Störungen lassen sich mit Hilfe des zusätzlichen Fehlerschutzes 50 gemäß Fig. 2 erkennen. Als Beispiel für eine Fehlerverschleierung ist in Fig. 3 vorgesehen, daß die jeweils gestörte(n) Einheit(en) durch Informationseinheiten entweder

  • a) im Nachbarkanal ersetzt werden, welche dort zur gleichen Zeit und in derselben Teilbandgruppe vorliegen, oder
  • b) in demselben Kanal ersetzt werden, welche dort im vorhergehenden Informationsblock in derselben Teilbandgruppe vorliegen. Diese Ersatz-bzw. Verschleierungsmöglichkeiten sind in Fig. 3 durch entsprechende Pfeile angedeutet.
According to the invention, a varying bit error protection 21 to 29 is assigned to the individual information units 11 to 19 during the channel coding. The bit allocation information 11 and the scale fador selection information 12 require a high level of error protection 21 and 22, respectively, since bit errors within these information units can lead to a complete destruction of the audio signal at the output of the source decoder. Since disrupted scale factors 13 subjectively are extremely disruptive, they also require a relatively high level of error protection 23. Subband groups No. 1 to No. 6, which are shown as information units 14 to 19, are treated differently with regard to their error protection 24 to 29. The subband samples of the subbands of the lower frequency range are in the information unit 14, those of the highest frequency range to be transmitted are in the information unit 19. The subband groups No. 1 to No. 6, represented by the information units 11 to 19, are the data-reduced subband samples assigned according to their spectral affiliation. The subband groups receive different error protection 24 to 29, which drops from low to high frequencies. In order to be able to better recognize errors in the units 14 to 19, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 an additional information unit 40 is inserted between the information units 13 and 14, which has an additional error protection 50 for the units 14 to 19 with regard to better error detection . An application of this better error detection is shown in FIG. 2 using a two-channel, stereophonic audio signal. In each of the two channels No. 1 and No. 2, three successive information blocks 110, 120, 130 and 210, 220, 230 are illustrated. Each of these blocks consists of nine information units, as shown for block 10 in FIG. 1. In blocks 110, 130, 220 and 230, as indicated by cross-hatching, one or two information units with subband group information are disturbed. These faults can be identified with the aid of the additional fault protection 50 according to FIG. 2. As an example of an error concealment, it is provided in FIG. 3 that the respectively disrupted unit (s) is replaced by information units either
  • a) are replaced in the adjacent channel, which are there at the same time and in the same subband group, or
  • b) are replaced in the same channel which are present in the previous sub-block in the same subband group. This replacement or. Veiling options are indicated in Fig. 3 by corresponding arrows.

Claims (4)

  1. Method for the transmitting or storing of a digitalized encoded video signal via interference affected channels, consisting of a sequence of information blocks whereby the individual information blocks consist of information units of different information content such as control information, scale factor information as well as information regarding the encoded scan values derived from a partial band and/or transformation source coding, from which the units for the information with regard to the encoded scan values are associated with a certain spectral structure and in which the encoded audio signal is subjected to a channel coding adjusted corresponding to the desired fault protection whereby in the case of a fault detection a fault correction and with non correctable faults a fault veiling is effected, characterised in that for the channel coding of the units of the information with regard to the encoded scan values a variable bit fault protection in dependence on the different correlation of the individual information units to a certain spectral structure is provided to the effect that units for information with regard to the encoded scan values of lower frequency audio signal components receive a higher bit fault protection as units for information with regard to the encoded scan values of higher frequency audio signal components and that the variable fault protection to be selected for the individual information units is determined further in dependence on the duration and frequency of an applied fault veiling permissible according to subjective criteria.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that in the individual units for the information with regard to the encoded scan values a continuously graduated bit fault protection for the channel coding is provided.
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that the continuously graded bit fault protection in the individual information units at the limits of each unit is adapted to the bit fault protection of the respectively adjacent information unit.
  4. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that for the sequence of the information units with regard to the encoded scan values at least in one unit, information is contained with regard to an additional fault protection in respect of extended fault detection.
EP92921545A 1991-10-24 1992-10-20 Process for transmitting or storing over disturbed channels a digitalized, encoded audio signal composed of a series of information blocks Expired - Lifetime EP0609300B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4135070A DE4135070C1 (en) 1991-10-24 1991-10-24
DE4135070 1991-10-24
PCT/EP1992/002401 WO1993008656A1 (en) 1991-10-24 1992-10-20 Process for transmitting or storing over disturbed channels a digitalized, encoded audio signal composed of a series of information blocks

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0609300A1 EP0609300A1 (en) 1994-08-10
EP0609300B1 true EP0609300B1 (en) 1996-09-11

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US (1) US5440584A (en)
EP (1) EP0609300B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE142828T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2769192A (en)
CA (1) CA2122011C (en)
DE (2) DE4135070C1 (en)
DK (1) DK0609300T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2090697T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1993008656A1 (en)

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AU2769192A (en) 1993-05-21
US5440584A (en) 1995-08-08
ES2090697T3 (en) 1996-10-16
EP0609300A1 (en) 1994-08-10
ATE142828T1 (en) 1996-09-15
CA2122011A1 (en) 1993-04-29
DK0609300T3 (en) 1996-11-25
DE59207139D1 (en) 1996-10-17
CA2122011C (en) 1999-06-08
WO1993008656A1 (en) 1993-04-29

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