EP0491214A1 - Transformer, in particulier switch mode transformer - Google Patents

Transformer, in particulier switch mode transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0491214A1
EP0491214A1 EP91120677A EP91120677A EP0491214A1 EP 0491214 A1 EP0491214 A1 EP 0491214A1 EP 91120677 A EP91120677 A EP 91120677A EP 91120677 A EP91120677 A EP 91120677A EP 0491214 A1 EP0491214 A1 EP 0491214A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
primary
conductor track
transformer according
secondary winding
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91120677A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Schilling
Andreas Stiedl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
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ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
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Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0491214A1 publication Critical patent/EP0491214A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H01F19/08—Transformers having magnetic bias, e.g. for handling pulses

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a transformer, in particular a pulse transformer, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • this transformer serves as a pulse transformer primarily for the transmission of electrical, pulse-shaped signals in an information transmission system. In doing so, it also causes the electrical isolation of the signal source and the signal sink of the transmission system. However, it can also be used to transmit small energies or as a current or voltage converter for measurement purposes.
  • EP-A2-350 624 it is known to arrange a pulse transformer of the generic type in a transmission path, which transmits voltage-dependent frequency signals from the secondary side of a mains transformer of a supply device to its primary side. Due to the pulse transformer provided in the transmission path, the primary and secondary sides of the mains transformer remain galvanically isolated from one another, and the transmitted, secondary voltage-dependent frequency signals can be used to adjust the primary voltage applied to the mains transformer.
  • the pulse transformers usually used in this case are comparatively complex, since on the one hand they should have high electrical voltage resistance, only slight specimen scattering and low sensitivity to interference, but on the other hand they should also show good aging behavior and characterized by the ability to transmit high frequencies.
  • the invention as defined in claim 1, is based on the object of specifying a transformer of the type mentioned at the outset, which is of simple construction and nevertheless ensures extremely reliable signal or, if appropriate, energy or measured variable transmission.
  • the transformer according to the invention is characterized in that, due to its design, a high galvanic isolation is ensured and a verification of this isolation can be omitted.
  • the number of specimens is low and, in the case of suitable production processes, for example on the basis of printed circuit boards and pre-impregnated insulating layers which connect the printed circuit boards by adhesive connection, is largely independent of parameters of the production process.
  • Known and proven technologies from printed circuit board manufacture can be used in the manufacture of the transformer according to the invention, so that it is possible to manufacture inexpensively, especially in large quantities.
  • the transformer according to the invention is highly insensitive to interference at high pulse energies and enables almost interference-free transmission even with short pulses even up to comparatively high frequencies.
  • FIG. 1 shows three components of an embodiment of the transformer according to the invention before it is assembled, namely an upper circuit board 1, a lower circuit board 2 and an insulating layer 3 located between the two circuit boards 1, 2.
  • the upper circuit board 1 has a plate-shaped insulating body 4 made of an insulating material, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic or hard paper, and is designed as a two-level circuit board.
  • a first level forms the upper side of the insulating body 4.
  • conductor tracks serving as galvanic connections 5, 6 are applied to the insulating body 4.
  • the connection 5 has two interconnect eyelets 8, 9 which are electrically conductively connected to one another by an angled interconnect section 7, each of which is guided in an electrically conductive manner at an interconnect eyelet 10, 11 shown in broken lines through an insulating hole 4 of the circuit board 1.
  • a second level forms the underside of the insulating body 4.
  • the conductor track eyelets 10, 11 are applied to this area.
  • the connection 6 has a conductor track eyelet 12, which is guided through a further hole, not shown, through the insulating body 4 in an electrically conductive manner to a conductor track eyelet 13 shown in dashed lines.
  • the conductor track eyelet 13 is also applied to the underside of the insulating body 4.
  • a conductor track 14 is also applied to the underside of the insulating body 4.
  • This conductor track is designed as a flat spiral.
  • the conductor track eyelet 10 forms the inner end of the spiral which is in contact with the electrical connection 5 and the conductor track eyelet 13 in contact with the electrical connection 6.
  • the spiral represents, for example, the primary winding of the transformer according to the invention.
  • the galvanic connections 5, 6 located at the edge of the printed circuit board 1 and therefore easily accessible serve to electrically connect this winding to a signal source.
  • the lower printed circuit board 2 has a plate-shaped insulating body 15 corresponding to the insulating body 4 of the printed circuit board 1 and is also designed as a two-level printed circuit board.
  • a conductor track 16 designed as a flat spiral is applied to the surface forming the upper side of the insulating body.
  • the ends of this spiral are electrically connected in accordance with the conductor track 14 by means of conductor track eyelets (not designated) and through-contacts through the insulating body 15 with galvanic connections 17, 18.
  • this spiral is designed in accordance with the conductor track 14, but is arranged in a mirror image of it.
  • the spiral represents, for example, the secondary winding of the transformer according to the invention.
  • the galvanic connections 17, 18 which are led to the edge of the printed circuit board 2 and are therefore also easily accessible serve, corresponding to the connections 5, 6, for the electrical connection of the secondary winding to a signal sink. To ensure a secure connection even with small dimensions, however, the connections are made on the edge of the printed circuit board 2 opposite the connections 5, 6.
  • the insulating layer 3 located between the two printed circuit boards 1, 2 can be formed by any layered insulating material, the insulation strength of which is sufficient to hold the electrical field between the primary and secondary windings after the transformer has been assembled.
  • Transformers according to the invention can be produced as follows: First, the galvanic connections 5, 6 and. 17, 18 and on the underside corresponding conductor tracks generated. This can be achieved by known methods, such as etching or screen printing of two-level circuit boards or galvanic application of the conductor tracks. Since transformers according to the invention have the smallest possible dimensions because of their preferred use as a pulse transformer and typically have a square base area of, for example, 10 mm at a height of, for example, 2 mm, the wiring patterns of numerous transformers according to the invention can be applied to a single base circuit board . Then the bores not shown in FIG. 1 are guided through the base circuit boards and the conductor track eyelets 8 and 10, 9 and 11 and 12 and 13 are connected to one another, for example by galvanic coating.
  • the starting material for the insulating layer is preferably a pre-impregnated insulating film, for example based on glass or synthetic fiber, with a pre-gelled resin, such as epoxy or polyester resin, with a thickness of a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • a pre-impregnated insulating film for example based on glass or synthetic fiber
  • a pre-gelled resin such as epoxy or polyester resin
  • the two printed circuit boards and the insulating layer are adhesively bonded together in a press at suitable temperature and pressure conditions.
  • the resin provided in the starting material of the insulating layer 3 first liquefies and penetrates into the recesses between the individual spiral turns of the conductor tracks 14, 16 and hardens.
  • the spiral turns are electrically insulated from one another particularly well.
  • the circuit boards are firmly glued and, at the same time, reliable electrical insulation is achieved between the conductor tracks 14 and 16, which act as primary and secondary windings.
  • the individual active transformer parts are now cut out of the printed circuit board package produced in this way and provided with connecting lines.
  • the connecting cables can be plugged into the holes provided on the edge of the connections 5, 6, 17 and 18 and soldered.
  • the conductor tracks 14 and 16 corresponding to the windings are almost congruent with one another and essentially overlap one another.
  • the magnetic coupling between the conductor tracks 14 and 16 is sufficient in the case of conductor tracks with approximately 10 to 20 spiral windings in order, for example, to reliably transmit frequency signals into the 10 MHz range.
  • the magnetic coupling can be further improved if, as can be seen from FIG. 2, a ferromagnetic 19 is additionally provided.
  • This ferromagnetic contains two parts 20, 21, of which part 20 covers the circuit board 1 and thus, for example, the primary winding and part 21 covers the circuit board 2 and thus, for example, the secondary winding. Both parts are connected to one another via a web 22.
  • the magnetic flux is amplified by the transformer according to the invention, so that it can preferably be used as a power transformer. It is advisable to design the ferromagnetic material as a clamp made of ferritic material, since this ensures a quick assembly option with a large magnetic coupling.
  • the conductor tracks 14 and 16 which act as primary winding and as secondary winding, are composed of straight conductor track sections to form flat spirals.
  • the spirals can of course also be formed by continuously curved flat curves, but can also form spatial curves when applied to curved surfaces (flexible printed circuit boards). It is particularly important that, in order to achieve good magnetic coupling, the surfaces covered by the conductor tracks of the primary and secondary windings are congruent to one another and overlap one another, that the distance between the conductor tracks is small and that by suitable selection of the insulating bodies and the conductor tracks and the insulation layer can accommodate a comparatively large number of spiral turns even on a small area.
  • the transformer can also have two or more primary and / or two or more secondary windings.
  • the conductor tracks acting as primary and secondary windings do not necessarily have to be applied in each case to one of two insulating bodies. It is also possible to apply primary and secondary windings on facing surfaces of only one insulating body, for example insulating layer 3, which face away from one another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Abstract

The transformer is preferably used as a switch mode transformer, primarily for the transmission of electrical signals in the form of pulses in an information transmission system. In this case, it is simultaneously used for DC isolation of the signal source and signal sink. This transformer is intended to be of simple construction and nevertheless to ensure extremely reliable signal transmission or, if applicable, power transmission or transmission of measured variables. This is achieved in that its primary and its secondary winding are fitted in each case as a conductor track (14, 16) on mutually congruent and mutually superimposed surfaces of at least one insulating body (14, 15), and in that these conductor tracks (14, 16) are separated from one another by an insulating layer (3). <IMAGE>

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Bei der Erfindung wird ausgegangen von einem Transformator, insbesondere einem Impulstransformator, nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. Dieser Transformator dient in bevorzugter Ausführung als Impulstransformator vor allem der Übertragung elektrischer, impulsförmiger Signale in einem Informationsübertragungssystem. Hierbei bewirkt er zugleich die galvanische Trennung von Signalquelle und Signalsenke des Übertragungssystems. Er kann aber auch zur Übertragung kleiner Energien oder als Strom- bzw. Spannungswandler für Messzwecke eingesetzt werden.The invention is based on a transformer, in particular a pulse transformer, according to the preamble of claim 1. In a preferred embodiment, this transformer serves as a pulse transformer primarily for the transmission of electrical, pulse-shaped signals in an information transmission system. In doing so, it also causes the electrical isolation of the signal source and the signal sink of the transmission system. However, it can also be used to transmit small energies or as a current or voltage converter for measurement purposes.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Aus EP-A2-350 624 ist es bekannt, einen Impulstransformator der gattungsgemässen Art in einem Übertragungsweg anzuordnen, welcher spannungsabhängige Frequenzsignale von der Sekundärseite eines Netztransformators eines Speisegerätes auf dessen Primärseite überträgt. Durch den im Übertragungsweg vorgesehenen Impulstransformator bleiben Primär- und Sekundärseite des Netztransformators galvanisch voneinander getrennt, und können die übertragenen, sekundärspannungsabhängigen Frequenzsignale zur Einstellung der an dem Netztransformator anliegenden Primärspannung verwendet werden. Die hierbei eingesetzten üblicherweise aus Draht gewickelten Impulstransformatoren sind vergleichsweise aufwendig, da sie zum einen grosse elektrische Spannunmgsfestigkeit, lediglich geringfügige Exemplarstreuungen und kleine Störempfindlichkeit aufweisen sollen, sich zum anderen aber auch durch ein gutes Alterungsverhalten und durch die Fähigkeit, hohe Frequenzen zu übertragen, auszeichnen.From EP-A2-350 624 it is known to arrange a pulse transformer of the generic type in a transmission path, which transmits voltage-dependent frequency signals from the secondary side of a mains transformer of a supply device to its primary side. Due to the pulse transformer provided in the transmission path, the primary and secondary sides of the mains transformer remain galvanically isolated from one another, and the transmitted, secondary voltage-dependent frequency signals can be used to adjust the primary voltage applied to the mains transformer. The pulse transformers usually used in this case are comparatively complex, since on the one hand they should have high electrical voltage resistance, only slight specimen scattering and low sensitivity to interference, but on the other hand they should also show good aging behavior and characterized by the ability to transmit high frequencies.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Der Erfindung, wie sie im Patentanspruch 1 definiert ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Transformator der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, der einfach aufgebaut ist und dennoch eine äusserst sichere Signal- oder gegebenenfalls Energie- oder Messgrössenübertragung gewährleistet.The invention, as defined in claim 1, is based on the object of specifying a transformer of the type mentioned at the outset, which is of simple construction and nevertheless ensures extremely reliable signal or, if appropriate, energy or measured variable transmission.

Der erfindungsgemässe Transformator zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass aufgrund seiner konstruktiven Ausbildung eine hohe galvanische Trennung gewährleistet ist und eine Nachprüfung dieser Trennung entfallen kann. Zudem ist die Exemplarstreuung gering und bei geeigneten Herstellungsverfahren, etwa auf der Basis von Leiterplatten und vorimprägnierter, die Leiterplatten klebschlüssig verbindender Isolierschichten, von Parametern der Herstellungsverfahren weitgehend unabhängig. Bei der Herstellung des erfindungsgemässen Transformators kann auf bekannte und bewährte Technologien aus der Leiterplattenfertigung zurückgegriffen werden, sodass insbesondere bei grossen Stückzahlen preiswert fabriziert werden kann. Darüber hinaus weist der erfindungsgemässe Transformator bei hohen Pulsenergien eine hohe Störunempfindlichkeit auf und ermöglicht bei kurzen Pulsen eine nahezu störungsfreie Übertragung selbst bis zu vergleichsweise hohen Frequenzen.The transformer according to the invention is characterized in that, due to its design, a high galvanic isolation is ensured and a verification of this isolation can be omitted. In addition, the number of specimens is low and, in the case of suitable production processes, for example on the basis of printed circuit boards and pre-impregnated insulating layers which connect the printed circuit boards by adhesive connection, is largely independent of parameters of the production process. Known and proven technologies from printed circuit board manufacture can be used in the manufacture of the transformer according to the invention, so that it is possible to manufacture inexpensively, especially in large quantities. In addition, the transformer according to the invention is highly insensitive to interference at high pulse energies and enables almost interference-free transmission even with short pulses even up to comparatively high frequencies.

WEG ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAY OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht der mit Abstand übereinander angeordneten Bestandteile einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Transformators vor dem Zusammenbau, und
Fig. 2
eine Aufsicht auf einen Schnitt durch eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Transformators, bei der die in Fig. 1 angegebenen Bestandteile zusammengebaut und mit einer Ferritklammer versehen sind.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Here shows:
Fig. 1
2 shows a perspective view of the components of an embodiment of the transformer according to the invention which are arranged at a distance from one another before assembly, and
Fig. 2
a plan view of a section through an embodiment of the transformer according to the invention, in which the components shown in Fig. 1 are assembled and provided with a ferrite clip.

In Fig. 1 sind drei Bestandteile einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Transformators vor ihrem Zusammenbau dargestellt, nämlich eine obere Leiterplatte 1, eine untere Leiterplatte 2 und eine zwischen beiden Leiterplatten 1, 2 befindliche Isolierschicht 3.1 shows three components of an embodiment of the transformer according to the invention before it is assembled, namely an upper circuit board 1, a lower circuit board 2 and an insulating layer 3 located between the two circuit boards 1, 2.

Die obere Leiterplatte 1 weist einen plattenförmigen Isolierkörper 4 aus einem Isoliermaterial, wie etwa glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff oder Hartpapier auf, und ist als Zweiebenen-Leiterplatte ausgebildet.The upper circuit board 1 has a plate-shaped insulating body 4 made of an insulating material, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic or hard paper, and is designed as a two-level circuit board.

Eine erste Ebene bildet die Oberseite des Isolierkörpers 4. Auf dieser Fläche sind als galvanische Anschlüsse 5, 6 dienende Leiterbahnen auf den Isolierkörper 4 aufgebracht. Der Anschluss 5 weist zwei durch einen gewinkelt ausgebildeten Leiterbahnabschnitt 7 elektrisch leitend miteinander verbundene Leiterbahnösen 8, 9 auf, welche jeweils über eine nicht bezeichnete Bohrung durch den Isolierkörper 4 der Leiterplatte 1 hindurch in elektrisch leitender Weise an gestrichelt dargestellten Leiterbahnösen 10, 11 geführt sind. Eine zweite Ebene bildet die Unterseite des Isolierkörpers 4. Auf dieser Fläche sind die Leiterbahnösen 10, 11 aufgebracht. Der Anschluss 6 weist eine Leiterbahnöse 12 auf, welche über eine weitere nicht bezeichnete Bohrung durch den Isolierkörper 4 hindurch in elektrisch leitender Weise an eine gestrichelt dargestellte Leiterbahnöse 13 geführt ist. Die Leiterbahnöse 13 ist ebenfalls auf der Unterseite des Isolierkörpers 4 aufgebracht.A first level forms the upper side of the insulating body 4. On this surface, conductor tracks serving as galvanic connections 5, 6 are applied to the insulating body 4. The connection 5 has two interconnect eyelets 8, 9 which are electrically conductively connected to one another by an angled interconnect section 7, each of which is guided in an electrically conductive manner at an interconnect eyelet 10, 11 shown in broken lines through an insulating hole 4 of the circuit board 1. A second level forms the underside of the insulating body 4. The conductor track eyelets 10, 11 are applied to this area. The connection 6 has a conductor track eyelet 12, which is guided through a further hole, not shown, through the insulating body 4 in an electrically conductive manner to a conductor track eyelet 13 shown in dashed lines. The conductor track eyelet 13 is also applied to the underside of the insulating body 4.

Auf der Unterseite des Isolierkörpers 4 ist auch eine Leiterbahn 14 aufgebracht. Diese Leiterbahn ist als ebene Spirale ausgebildet. Die Leiterbahnöse 10 bildet das innere mit dem elektrischen Anschluss 5 und die Leiterbahnöse 13 das äussere mit dem elektrischen Anschluss 6 kontaktierte Ende der Spirale. Die Spirale stellt beispielsweise die Primärwicklung des erfindungsgemässen Transformators dar. Die am Rand der Leiterplatte 1 befindlichen und daher leicht zugänglichen galvanischen Anschlüsse 5, 6 dienen der elektrischen Verbindung dieser Wicklung mit einer Signalquelle.A conductor track 14 is also applied to the underside of the insulating body 4. This conductor track is designed as a flat spiral. The conductor track eyelet 10 forms the inner end of the spiral which is in contact with the electrical connection 5 and the conductor track eyelet 13 in contact with the electrical connection 6. The spiral represents, for example, the primary winding of the transformer according to the invention. The galvanic connections 5, 6 located at the edge of the printed circuit board 1 and therefore easily accessible serve to electrically connect this winding to a signal source.

Die untere Leiterplatte 2 weist einen dem Isolierkörper 4 der Leiterplatte 1 entsprechend beschaffenen plattenförmigen Isolierkörper 15 auf und ist ebenfalls als Zweiebenen-Leiterplatte ausgebildet. Auf die die Oberseite des Isolierkörpers bildende Fläche ist eine als ebene Spirale ausgebildete Leiterbahn 16 aufgebracht. Die Enden dieser Spirale sind entsprechend der Leiterbahn 14 mittels nicht bezeichneter Leiterbahnösen und Durchkontaktierungen durch den Isolierkörper 15 mit galvanischen Anschlüssen 17, 18 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Diese Spirale ist aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen entsprechend der Leiterbahn 14 ausgebildet, aber spiegelbildlich dazu angeordnet. Die Spirale stellt beispielsweise die Sekundärwicklung des erfindungsgemässen Transformators dar. Die an den Rand der Leiterplatte 2 geführten und daher ebenfalls leicht zugänglichen galvanischen Anschlüsse 17, 18 dienen entsprechend den Anschlüssen 5, 6 der elektrischen Verbindung der Sekundärwicklung mit einer Signalsenke. Um eine sichere Verbindung auch bei kleinen Abmessungen sicherzustellen, sind die Anschlüsse jedoch auf den den Anschlüssen 5, 6 gegenüberliegenden Rand der Leiterplatte 2 geführt.The lower printed circuit board 2 has a plate-shaped insulating body 15 corresponding to the insulating body 4 of the printed circuit board 1 and is also designed as a two-level printed circuit board. A conductor track 16 designed as a flat spiral is applied to the surface forming the upper side of the insulating body. The ends of this spiral are electrically connected in accordance with the conductor track 14 by means of conductor track eyelets (not designated) and through-contacts through the insulating body 15 with galvanic connections 17, 18. For technical reasons, this spiral is designed in accordance with the conductor track 14, but is arranged in a mirror image of it. The spiral represents, for example, the secondary winding of the transformer according to the invention. The galvanic connections 17, 18 which are led to the edge of the printed circuit board 2 and are therefore also easily accessible serve, corresponding to the connections 5, 6, for the electrical connection of the secondary winding to a signal sink. To ensure a secure connection even with small dimensions, however, the connections are made on the edge of the printed circuit board 2 opposite the connections 5, 6.

Die zwischen den beiden Leiterplatten 1, 2 befindliche Isolierschicht 3 kann von irgendeinem schichtförmigen Isoliermaterial gebildet sein, dessen Isolationsfestigkeit ausreicht, um nach dem Zusammenbau des Transformators das zwischen dessen Primär- und dessen Sekundärwicklung herrschende elektrische Feld zu halten.The insulating layer 3 located between the two printed circuit boards 1, 2 can be formed by any layered insulating material, the insulation strength of which is sufficient to hold the electrical field between the primary and secondary windings after the transformer has been assembled.

Transformatoren nach der Erfindung können wie folgt hergestellt werden: Zunächst werden auf der Oberseite von Basis-Leiterplatten den galvanischen Anschlüssen 5, 6 resp. 17, 18 und auf der Unterseite den Wicklungen entsprechende Leiterbahnen erzeugt. Dies kann durch bekannte Verfahren, wie Ätzen oder Siebdrucken von Zweiebenen-Leiterplatten oder galvanisches Aufbringen der Leiterbahnen erreicht werden. Da Transformatoren nach der Erfindung wegen ihrer bevorzugten Anwendung als Impulstransformator möglichst kleine Abmessungen aufweisen und typischerweise bei einer Höhe von beispielsweise 2 mm eine quadratische Grundfläche von beispielsweise 10 mm aufweisen, können so auf eine einzige Basis-Leiterplatte die Verdrahtungsmuster zahlreicher Transformatoren nach der Erfindung aufgebracht werden. Sodann werden die in der Fig. 1 nicht bezeichneten Bohrungen durch die Basis-Leiterplatten geführt und etwa durch galvanisches Beschichten die Leiterbahnösen 8 und 10, 9 und 11 sowie 12 und 13 miteinander verbunden.Transformers according to the invention can be produced as follows: First, the galvanic connections 5, 6 and. 17, 18 and on the underside corresponding conductor tracks generated. This can be achieved by known methods, such as etching or screen printing of two-level circuit boards or galvanic application of the conductor tracks. Since transformers according to the invention have the smallest possible dimensions because of their preferred use as a pulse transformer and typically have a square base area of, for example, 10 mm at a height of, for example, 2 mm, the wiring patterns of numerous transformers according to the invention can be applied to a single base circuit board . Then the bores not shown in FIG. 1 are guided through the base circuit boards and the conductor track eyelets 8 and 10, 9 and 11 and 12 and 13 are connected to one another, for example by galvanic coating.

Zwei derart hergestellte Leiterplatten werden nun so übereinander gelegt, dass die den Wicklungen jedes Transformators zugeordneten Leiterbahnen 14 und 16 einander gegenüberstehen und voneinander lediglich durch die Isolierschicht 3 beabstandet sind. Hierbei werden die als ebene Spiralen ausgebildeten Leiterbahnen 14, 16 entsprechend Fig. 1 zueinander spiegelbildlich angeordnet. Trotz dieser Anordnung sind die Leiterbahnen 14 und 16 im wesentlichen zueinander kongruent und überdecken einander nahezu vollständig.Two printed circuit boards produced in this way are now placed one above the other in such a way that the conductor tracks 14 and 16 assigned to the windings of each transformer are opposite one another and are only spaced apart from one another by the insulating layer 3. Here, the conductor tracks 14, 16 designed as flat spirals are arranged in mirror image to one another in accordance with FIG. 1. Despite this arrangement, they are Conductor tracks 14 and 16 are essentially congruent with one another and almost completely overlap one another.

Als Ausgangsmaterial für die Isolierschicht wird vorzugsweise eine mit einem vorgelierten Harz, etwa Epoxid- oder Polyesterharz, vorimprägnierte Isolierstoffolie, etwa auf der Basis von Glas- oder Synthetikfaser, mit einer Dicke von einigen Zehntel Millimeter verwendet.The starting material for the insulating layer is preferably a pre-impregnated insulating film, for example based on glass or synthetic fiber, with a pre-gelled resin, such as epoxy or polyester resin, with a thickness of a few tenths of a millimeter.

Die zwei Leiterplatten und die Isolierschicht werden bei geeigneten Temperatur- und Druckverhältnissen in einer Presse klebschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Hierbei verflüssigt sich zunächst das im Ausgangsmaterial der Isolierschicht 3 vorgesehene Harz und dringt in die zwischen den einzelnen Spiralwindungen der Leiterbahnen 14, 16 befindlichen Ausnehmungen ein und härtet aus. Hierdurch werden die Spiralwindungen besonders gut gegeneinander elektrisch isoliert. Zugleich werden die Leiterplatten fest verklebt und wird zugleich eine sichere elektrische Isolation zwischen den als Primär- und Sekundärwicklung wirkenden Leiterbahnen 14 und 16 erreicht.The two printed circuit boards and the insulating layer are adhesively bonded together in a press at suitable temperature and pressure conditions. Here, the resin provided in the starting material of the insulating layer 3 first liquefies and penetrates into the recesses between the individual spiral turns of the conductor tracks 14, 16 and hardens. As a result, the spiral turns are electrically insulated from one another particularly well. At the same time, the circuit boards are firmly glued and, at the same time, reliable electrical insulation is achieved between the conductor tracks 14 and 16, which act as primary and secondary windings.

Aus dem solchermassen hergestellten Leiterplattenpaket werden nun die einzelnen Transformatoraktivteile herausgeschnitten und mit Anschlussleitungen versehen. Die Anschlussleitungen können in die am Rand vorgesehenen Bohrungen der Anschlüsse 5, 6, 17 und 18 eingesteckt und verlötet werden.The individual active transformer parts are now cut out of the printed circuit board package produced in this way and provided with connecting lines. The connecting cables can be plugged into the holes provided on the edge of the connections 5, 6, 17 and 18 and soldered.

Bei einem solchermassen hergestellten Transformator sind die den Wicklungen entsprechenden Leiterbahnen 14 und 16 zueinander nahezu kongruent und überdecken einander im wesentlichen. Dadurch und durch den geringen Abstand beider Leiterbahnen 14, 16 zueinander reicht bei Leiterbahnen mit ca. 10 bis 20 Spiralwindungen die magnetische Kopplung zwischen den Leiterbahnen 14 und 16 bereits aus, um beispielsweise Frequenzsignale bis in den 10 MH-Bereich hinein sicher zu übertragen.In the case of a transformer manufactured in this way, the conductor tracks 14 and 16 corresponding to the windings are almost congruent with one another and essentially overlap one another. As a result of this and because of the small distance between the two conductor tracks 14, 16, the magnetic coupling between the conductor tracks 14 and 16 is sufficient in the case of conductor tracks with approximately 10 to 20 spiral windings in order, for example, to reliably transmit frequency signals into the 10 MHz range.

Die magnetische Kopplung lässt sich noch zusätzlich verbessern, wenn - wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist - zusätzlich noch ein Ferromagnetikum 19 vorgesehen ist. Dieses Ferromagnetikum enthält zwei Teile 20, 21, von denen das Teil 20 die Leiterplatte 1 und damit beispielsweise die Primärwicklung und das Teil 21 die Leiterplatte 2 und damit beispielsweise die Sekundärwicklung überdeckt. Beide Teile sind über einen Steg 22 miteinander verbunden. Hierdurch wird der magnetische Fluss durch den erfindungsgemässen Transformator verstärkt, so dass er bevorzugt als Leistungstransformator verwendet werden kann. Es empfiehlt sich hierbei das Ferromagnetikum als Klammer aus ferritischem Material zu gestalten, da hierdurch eine rasche Montagemöglichkeit bei gleichzeitig grosser magnetischer Kopplung gewährleistet ist.The magnetic coupling can be further improved if, as can be seen from FIG. 2, a ferromagnetic 19 is additionally provided. This ferromagnetic contains two parts 20, 21, of which part 20 covers the circuit board 1 and thus, for example, the primary winding and part 21 covers the circuit board 2 and thus, for example, the secondary winding. Both parts are connected to one another via a web 22. As a result, the magnetic flux is amplified by the transformer according to the invention, so that it can preferably be used as a power transformer. It is advisable to design the ferromagnetic material as a clamp made of ferritic material, since this ensures a quick assembly option with a large magnetic coupling.

Bei der Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Transformators gemäss Fig. 1 sind die als Primärwicklung bzw. als Sekundärwicklung wirkende Leiterbahnen 14 bzw. 16 aus geradlinig erstreckten Leiterbahnabschnitten zu ebenen Spiralen zusammengesetzt. Die Spiralen können selbstverständlich auch von kontinuierlich gekrümmten ebenen Kurven gebildet sein, können bei Aufbringen auf gekrümmten Flächen (flexible Leiterplatten) aber auch Raumkurven bilden. Wichtig ist vor allem, dass zur Erreichung einer guten magnetischen Kopplung, die von den Leiterbahnen von Primär- und Sekundärwicklung bedeckten Flächen zueinander kongruent sind und einander überdecken, dass der Abstand der Leiterbahnen voneinander gering ist und dass durch geeignete Auswahl der Isolierkörper und der Leiterbahnen sowie der Isolierschicht auch auf kleiner Fläche eine vergleichsweise grosse Zahl von Spiralwindungen untergebracht werden kann.In the embodiment of the transformer according to the invention according to FIG. 1, the conductor tracks 14 and 16, which act as primary winding and as secondary winding, are composed of straight conductor track sections to form flat spirals. The spirals can of course also be formed by continuously curved flat curves, but can also form spatial curves when applied to curved surfaces (flexible printed circuit boards). It is particularly important that, in order to achieve good magnetic coupling, the surfaces covered by the conductor tracks of the primary and secondary windings are congruent to one another and overlap one another, that the distance between the conductor tracks is small and that by suitable selection of the insulating bodies and the conductor tracks and the insulation layer can accommodate a comparatively large number of spiral turns even on a small area.

Anstelle jeweils einer Primär- und Sekundärwicklung kann der Transformator auch zwei oder mehr Primär- und/oder zwei oder mehr Sekundärwicklungen aufweisen.Instead of one primary and one secondary winding, the transformer can also have two or more primary and / or two or more secondary windings.

Die als Primär- und Sekundärwicklung wirkenden Leiterbahnen müssen nicht notwendigerweise jeweils auf einem von zwei Isolierkörpern aufgebracht sein. Es ist auch möglich, Primär- und und Sekundärwicklung auf voneinander abgewandten Deckflächen nur eines Isolierkörpers, beispielsweise der Isolierschicht 3 aufzubringen.The conductor tracks acting as primary and secondary windings do not necessarily have to be applied in each case to one of two insulating bodies. It is also possible to apply primary and secondary windings on facing surfaces of only one insulating body, for example insulating layer 3, which face away from one another.

BEZEICHNUNGSLISTELIST OF DESIGNATIONS

1, 21, 2
LeiterplattenCircuit boards
33rd
IsolierschichtInsulating layer
44th
IsolierkörperInsulating body
5, 65, 6
galvanische Anschlüssegalvanic connections
77
LeiterbahnabschnittConductor section
8,9,10,11,12,138,9,10,11,12,13
LeiterbahnösenConductor eyelets
1414
LeiterbahnConductor track
1515
IsolierkörperInsulating body
1616
LeiterbahnConductor track
17, 1817, 18
galvanische Anschlüssegalvanic connections
1919th
FerromagnetikumFerromagnetic
20, 2120, 21
TeileParts
2222
Stegweb

Claims (13)

Transformator, insbesondere Impulstransformator, mit mindestens einer Primär- und mindestens einer Sekundärwicklung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Primär- und die mindestens eine Sekundärwicklung jeweils als Leiterbahnen (14, 16) auf zueinander kongruenten und einander überdeckenden Flächen mindestens eines Isolierkörpers aufgebracht sind, und dass die Leiterbahn (14) der mindestens einen Primärwicklung und die Leiterbahn (16) der mindestens einen Sekundärwicklung voneinander durch eine Isolierschicht (3) beabstandet sind.Transformer, in particular pulse transformer, with at least one primary and at least one secondary winding, characterized in that the at least one primary and the at least one secondary winding are each applied as conductor tracks (14, 16) on mutually congruent and overlapping surfaces of at least one insulating body, and that the conductor track (14) of the at least one primary winding and the conductor track (16) of the at least one secondary winding are spaced apart from one another by an insulating layer (3). Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiterbahnen (14, 16) der mindestens einen Primär- und der mindestens einen Sekundärwicklung jeweils als ebene Spirale ausgebildet sind.Transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor tracks (14, 16) of the at least one primary and the at least one secondary winding are each designed as a flat spiral. Transformator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spiralen spiegelbildlich zueinander angeordnet sind.Transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that the spirals are arranged in mirror image to one another. Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf jede der voneinander abgewandten Deckflächen der Isolierschicht (3) entweder die Leiterbahn (14) der mindestens einen Primär- oder die Leiterbahn (16) der mindestens einen Sekundärwicklung aufgebracht ist.Transformer according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that either the conductor track (14) of the at least one primary or the conductor track (16) of the at least one secondary winding is applied to each of the facing surfaces of the insulating layer (3) facing away from one another. Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiterbahn (14) der mindestens einen Primärwicklung auf einem ersten Isolierkörper (4) und die Leiterbahn (16) der mindestens einen Sekundärwicklung auf einem zweiten Isolierkörper (15) aufgebracht ist.Transformer according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the conductor track (14) of the at least one primary winding is applied to a first insulating body (4) and the conductor track (16) of the at least one secondary winding is applied to a second insulating body (15). Transformator nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leiterbahn (14) der mindestens einen Primärwicklung und der erste Isolierkörper (4) und die Leiterbahn (16) der mindestens einen Sekundärwicklung und der zweite Isolierkörper jeweils eine Leiterplatte (1, 2) bilden.Transformer according to claim 5, characterized in that the conductor track (14) of the at least one primary winding and the first insulating body (4) and the conductor track (16) of the at least one secondary winding and the second insulating body each form a printed circuit board (1, 2). Transformator nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Leiterplatten (1, 2) als Zweiebenen-Leiterplatte ausgebildet ist.Transformer according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one of the printed circuit boards (1, 2) is designed as a two-level printed circuit board. Transformator nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einer ersten Ebene der Zweiebenen-Leiterplatte die Leiterbahn (14, 16) der mindestens einen Primäroder mindestens einen Sekundärwicklung aufgebracht ist, und dass in einer zweiten Ebene der Zweiebenen-Leiterplatte galvanische Anschlüsse (5, 6, 17, 18) angeordnet sind, welche durch die Leiterplatte (1, 2) hindurch an die Enden der Leiterbahn (14, 16) der mindestens einen Primär- oder mindestens einen Sekundärwicklung geführt sind.Transformer according to Claim 7, characterized in that the conductor track (14, 16) of the at least one primary or at least one secondary winding is applied in a first level of the two-level printed circuit board, and in that galvanic connections (5, 6 , 17, 18) are arranged, which are guided through the circuit board (1, 2) to the ends of the conductor track (14, 16) of the at least one primary or at least one secondary winding. Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 5 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Isolierkörper (4), die Isolierschicht (3) und der zweite Isolierkörper (15) miteinander verklebt sind.Transformer according to one of claims 5-8, characterized in that the first insulating body (4), the insulating layer (3) and the second insulating body (15) are glued together. Transformator nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierschicht (3) gebildet ist von einem ausgehärteten, den ersten und den zweiten Isolierkörper (4, 15) klebschlüssig verbindenden Kunststoff.Transformer according to Claim 9, characterized in that the insulating layer (3) is formed from a hardened plastic which connects the first and the second insulating body (4, 15) in an adhesive manner. Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kunststoff vor dem Aushärten gebildet ist von einer mit einem vorgelierten Isolierharz imprägnierten Isolierstoffolie.Transformer according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the plastic is formed before curing by an insulating material impregnated with a pre-gelled insulating resin. Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die als Leiterbahn (14, 16) aufgebrachte mindestens eine Primär- oder mindestens eine Sekundärwicklung jeweils von einem von zwei miteinander verbundenen Teilen (20, 21) eines Ferromagnetikums (19) überdeckt sind.Transformer according to one of Claims 1-11, characterized in that the at least one primary or at least one secondary winding applied as a conductor track (14, 16) is covered in each case by one of two interconnected parts (20, 21) of a ferromagnetic (19) . Transformator nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ferromagnetikum (19) als Klammer aus ferritischem Material ausgebildet ist.Transformer according to claim 12, characterized in that the ferromagnetic (19) is designed as a clamp made of ferritic material.
EP91120677A 1990-12-19 1991-12-02 Transformer, in particulier switch mode transformer Withdrawn EP0491214A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH403090 1990-12-19
CH4030/90 1990-12-19

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EP0491214A1 true EP0491214A1 (en) 1992-06-24

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DE4422827A1 (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-12 Yokogawa Electric Corp Layered potted (encapsulated) winding and a method for its production
WO1997000526A1 (en) * 1995-06-17 1997-01-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Inductive component
EP0767473A1 (en) * 1995-10-03 1997-04-09 Fronius Schweissmaschinen Kg Austria Coil and method of its production for transformer
DE19652039A1 (en) * 1996-12-16 1998-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Pulse transformer with primary and secondary as spiralling conductive tracks
GB2388716A (en) * 2002-05-13 2003-11-19 Splashpower Ltd Contactless power transfer area
US6906495B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2005-06-14 Splashpower Limited Contact-less power transfer
WO2007063884A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-07 Holy Loyalty International Co., Ltd. Surface inductor device
WO2008132645A1 (en) 2007-04-26 2008-11-06 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Planar transformer with boards
RU2488906C2 (en) * 2007-08-28 2013-07-27 Эксесс Бизнесс Груп Интернешнл Ллс Inductive power supply
WO2014114584A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co.Kg Printed circuit board having a layer structure
EP2348516B1 (en) * 2010-01-21 2020-09-16 Rwaytech Railway sensor including a coreless transformer with high galvanic insulation

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4422827A1 (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-12 Yokogawa Electric Corp Layered potted (encapsulated) winding and a method for its production
WO1997000526A1 (en) * 1995-06-17 1997-01-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Inductive component
EP0767473A1 (en) * 1995-10-03 1997-04-09 Fronius Schweissmaschinen Kg Austria Coil and method of its production for transformer
DE19652039A1 (en) * 1996-12-16 1998-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Pulse transformer with primary and secondary as spiralling conductive tracks
US7714537B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2010-05-11 Access Business Group International Llc Contact-less power transfer
US7952324B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2011-05-31 Access Business Group International Llc Contact-less power transfer
US6906495B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2005-06-14 Splashpower Limited Contact-less power transfer
GB2388716B (en) * 2002-05-13 2004-10-20 Splashpower Ltd Improvements relating to contact-less power transfer
US7525283B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2009-04-28 Access Business Group International Llc Contact-less power transfer
GB2388716A (en) * 2002-05-13 2003-11-19 Splashpower Ltd Contactless power transfer area
US7863861B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2011-01-04 Access Business Group International Llc Contact-less power transfer
WO2007063884A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-07 Holy Loyalty International Co., Ltd. Surface inductor device
WO2008132645A1 (en) 2007-04-26 2008-11-06 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Planar transformer with boards
CN101675488B (en) * 2007-04-26 2012-09-05 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Planar transformer with boards
US8378775B2 (en) 2007-04-26 2013-02-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Planar transformer with boards
RU2488906C2 (en) * 2007-08-28 2013-07-27 Эксесс Бизнесс Груп Интернешнл Ллс Inductive power supply
EP2348516B1 (en) * 2010-01-21 2020-09-16 Rwaytech Railway sensor including a coreless transformer with high galvanic insulation
WO2014114584A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co.Kg Printed circuit board having a layer structure
CN105009235A (en) * 2013-01-22 2015-10-28 菲尼克斯电气公司 Printed circuit board having layer structure
US9793042B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2017-10-17 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Printed circuit board having a layer structure

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