EP0378387B1

EP0378387B1 - Ink jet recording method

Info

Publication number: EP0378387B1
Application number: EP19900300277
Authority: EP
Inventors: Shinichi Hirasawa; Hiroyuki Tsunashima Higashi Manshion 202 Maeda
Original assignee: Canon Inc
Current assignee: Canon Inc
Priority date: 1989-01-11
Filing date: 1990-01-10
Publication date: 1995-05-17
Anticipated expiration: 2010-01-10
Also published as: EP0378387A2; DE69019380D1; DE69019380T2; EP0378387A3

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an ink jet recording method, in particular, but not exclusively, to an on-demand type ink jet recording method, and also apparatus therefor.

Related Background Art

Assuming that the size which substantially decides the resolution of a recording object, that is, the minimum unit of a recorded image is called a recording unit, the recording unit of almost of the ink jet recording methods which have conventionally been used is a dot. One dot denotes an image obtained as a result of that one liquid droplet was deposited on a recording medium such as a recording paper or the like. That is, a discharging density of liquid droplet determines the resolution after recording, namely, the recording unit.
The above point will be further described with respect to an example of a dither method as one of the image expressing methods. In the dither method, a concept of a pixel is used. One pixel comprises a plurality of dots and the gradation is expressed by changing the number of dots. That is, the dots decides the resolution of a recording object, i.e., the recording unit. Therefore, the recording unit in the dither method is determined by the dot density.
On the other hand, hitherto, a coated paper has generally been used as an ink jet recording paper. However, there is a large demand to use an ordinary paper in consideration of the running costs, using efficiency, and the like. The paper which is used will certainly be changed from the coated paper to the ordinary paper.
There are many technical problems upon change from the coated paper to the ordinary paper. Among them, when the conventional technique is applied to the ordinary paper, bleeding of the ink becomes anisotropic, so that a dot shape deteriorates and the quality deterioration occurs. In addition, what is called a fixing time which is required until the hand does not become dirty even when the hand touches the ink after completion of the printing becomes long. The above two points are the significant subjects which are inevitable to widespread the use of the ordinary papers. Figs. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining the fixing time.
Fig. 1A shows the case where a liquid droplet having a diameter of d was deposited onto a surface X-X′ of a coated paper and became a dot of a diameter of α_ad. Fig. 1B shows the case where a liquid droplet of the diameter of d was deposited onto the surface X-X′ of the ordinary paper and became a dot of a diameter of α_bd. α_a and α_b denote ratios (hereinafter, referred to as bleeding ratios) of the dot diameter to the liquid droplet diameter. In general, the bleeding ratio of the coated paper is larger than that of the ordinary paper and there is a relation of α_a > α_b. Therefore, an amount of ink which should be received per unit area of the ordinary paper is larger than that of the coated paper. In Figs. 1A and 1B, consideration has been made with respect to a model such that the liquid droplets having the same diameter d are transformed to the circular cylinders each having the same bottom area as that of the dot and are fixed onto the papers. In this case, heights H_a and H_b of the circular cylinders are proportional to the inks to be received per unit area of the papers. There is a relation of H_a < H_b between the heights H_a and H_b of the circular cylinders on the coated paper and the ordinary paper as will be understood from Figs. 1A and 1B. Since the fixing time increases as the circular cylinder is high, it takes a longer time to fix the ink onto the ordinary paper and such a long time causes a serious obstacle to realize the high printing speed.
The dot shape will now be described. Different from the coated paper, the ordinary paper does not have a special ink absorbing layer. Therefore, since the ink must be fixed into the space in which fibers and a sizing material such as a resin or the like are complicatedly mixed, the bleeding of the ink is anisotropic and the dot shape becomes complicated. Further, the ink runs along the fibers as in a capillarity and results in a dot with a mustache-like protrusion. In many cases, a serious adverse influence is exerted on the printing quality. Such a problem will now be considered with respect to a cylindrical model. Since an amount of ink to be received per unit area of the paper increases as the height of the circular cylinder is high, the dot shape also deteriorates. That is, for the ordinary paper, there is a tendency to deteriorate the dot shape from not only the quality of the paper but also the cylindrical model.
As mentioned above, there is a drawback such that when the recording is executed to the ordinary paper by an ink jet recording method which has conventionally been used for the coated paper, both of the fixing and printing qualities deteriorate. Therefore, various methods have been proposed to solve such a drawback. For instance, according to JP-A-56-57862, JP-A-57-102970, and JP-A-57-102971, the ink of a strong base of about pH 13 is used, the sizing material or the like on the paper surface is dissolved and penetrated, thereby forming a circular dot having a good fixing performance. However, such a method has a problem of safety when dealing with the strong base. Although the ink can be preferably fixed and printed onto an acid paper using the resin or the like as a sizing material, for neutral papers in which a production amount has been increasing more and more in recent years, there is a tendency such that the fixing performance remarkably deteriorates and the printing quality also slightly deteriorates. In addition, the ink of the strong base also has a drawback such that since the permeable force of the ink of the strong base into the paper is large, the ink easily reaches the back side and it is extremely difficult to record both sides of the paper.
The present invention is intended as an improvement.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of ink jet recording, in which method ink is discharged from an ink jet recording head as droplets to define a single recording unit, the droplets of the recording unit being discharged at an interval which is 1/N of a pitch (P), which pitch (P) is a distance between respective centres of adjacent recording units and N is a natural number of 2 or more,
which method is characterised in that:
adjacent droplets of at least two recording units which are adjacent are discharged at an interval which is 1/N of said pitch; and
said droplets, defining a single recording unit, are each of sufficient volume so that together they completely cover the area of said recording unit.
If a head which can discharge the liquid droplets at the interval of 1/N of the recording unit, for example, a head with a plurality of orifices of small area provided at high density is used, the amount of ink received per unit area of a recording paper can be reduced, thereby improving the fixing performance and the printing quality. Further, if each recording unit is divisionally recorded a number of times, i.e. a plurality of recording operations are performed, the fixing performance and the printing quality of a recording can be further improved.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for ink jet recording comprising:
an ink jet recording head assembly including at least one ink jet recording head for discharging ink droplets for forming a multiplicity of ink dots on a recording medium; and
control means co-operable with said assembly for determining ink dot location on said recording medium; in which
said at least one ink jet recording head and said control means, are adapted to compose an image in which each recording unit thereof shall comprise a plurality of merged ink dots, the ink dots of each recording unit being recorded on the medium at an interval which is 1/N of a pitch (P), which pitch is a distance between respective centres of adjacent recording units and N is a natural number of 2 or more;
which apparatus is characterised in that:
adjacent dots of at least two recording units which are adjacent are recorded at an interval which is 1/N of said pitch; and
said control means is co-operable with said at least one ink jet recording head so that the volume of each droplet discharged from the or each ink emitting orifice is such that the plurality of merged ink dots, each corresponding to a respective droplet and together defining each single recording unit, shall completely cover the area thereof.
It is mentioned that United States Patent 4617580 concerns an ink jet recording apparatus which is adapted to record at an optimal density on different types of recording medium, e.g. paper and overhead projector (OHP) film. The apparatus described therein has a first mode for printing on e.g. paper, in which one droplet of ink is discharged per recording unit. In the second mode for printing e.g. on OHP film, a plurality of droplets of ink are discharged per recording unit. The aforesaid ink droplets are all discharged from the same single nozzle. Complete coverage of each recording unit, however, is not disclosed.
Also it is mentioned that Patent Abstracts of Japan, Vol.6, No.181 (M-156)[1059], September 17, 1982 and Japanese Kokai JP-A-5789973 have addressed the problem of improving printing quality. Using two ink jet nozzles, one per head, and one droplet per recording unit, droplets of diameter less than ½ the scan line interval are recorded. This is to ensure that there is a clearly defined boundary between black and white parts of the recording.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figs. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing the concept to explain the fixing onto a coated paper and an ordinary paper;
Figs. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a comparison between the recording method according to the embodiment of the invention and a conventional method;
Figs. 3A to 3D are diagrams for explaining a recording procedure in the embodiment;
Figs. 4A and 4B are schematic illustration of microscopic photographs showing the printed result according to the conventional technique and the printed result according to the invention; and
Fig. 5 is a perspective view indicating an ink jet recording apparatus for use in the ink jet recording method according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Fig. 2A shows a printing model of a recording unit which was recorded by a recording method of the invention. Fig. 2B shows a printing model according to a conventional method. The printing was executed by using a multi-orifice type ink jet head. In both of Figs. 2A and 2B, a plan view of one recording unit when the bleeding ratio is set to 1.8 and a cylindrical model of the ink shown in Figs. 1A and 1B are shown. A dot size is set into the minimum size so as to completely paint out the whole region without a gap in what is called a paint-out printing mode.
A circle written by a broken line denotes an adjacent recording unit.
In Figs. 2A and 2B, a head which can discharge liquid droplets at a density which is twice as large as the conventional recording unit with respect to one direction, for example, a head with plurality of orifices of small areas provided at high density, and one recording unit comprises four dots. In the invention, four liquid droplets are certainly discharged in response to one recording signal and such a method fundamentally differs from the gradation expression to control the number of liquid droplets or the like.
Further, according to the embodiment, one recording unit is divisionally printed by a plurality of (two) printing operations. Figs. 3A to 3D show a printing method in the embodiment. In Figs. 3A to 3C, dots which are recorded by the first printing operation are shown by solid lines. Fig. 3D shows a state after completion of the second recording operation, that is, a state after the recording unit was completed. The first printing operation is executed as shown in Figs. 3A, 3B, or 3C and the second printing operation is then performed, thereby completing the printing of one recording unit. For example, in case that the present invention is used in a serial type ink jet recording apparatus conducting reciprocal printing as shown in Fig. 5 described in the following description, the first printing operation is executed during forward printing operation while the second printing operation is executed during reverse printing operation. In a plurality of printing operations, a method of dividing the component dots and printing is not limited to the method in the embodiment.
The embodiment will now be described with reference to Figs. 2A and 2B.
D₁ and H₁ denote a dot diameter and a height of a cylindrical model according to the conventional printing method. D₂ and H₂ denote a dot diameter and a height of a cylindrical model in the present invention. In the invention, since a recording unit is constructed by a plurality of dots, it is improper to model the recording unit by a circle. Therefore, each dot is constructed by a circle and the result which is obtained by dividing a volume of liquid droplets by the area which is occupied by a set of the dots is set to a height of a cylindrical model. In the case of the embodiment, H₂ is set to the value which is obtained by dividing the volume of four liquid droplets by the area of the recording unit in Fig. 2A.
The invention intends to improve the fixing performance and the printing quality by setting the value of H₁ to be smaller than that of H₂. When one liquid droplet is fixed onto the paper, the fixing time is specified as follows.

That is, there is a proportional relation between the height of cylindrical model and the fixing time. In the case of the embodiment, the following relation is satisfied irrespective of the size of recording unit.

$H₁ : H₂ = 1.0 : 0.61$

The above relation can be proved by the geometric calculations and will be explained hereinbelow.
It is now assumed that the recording head can discharge liquid droplets at a density which is n times as large as the natural number of the recolution of the recording unit and one recording unit is recorded at a pitch of p. It is also assumed that the recording is executed such that a recording area can be fully painted out without a gap in what is called a paint-out printing mode. Therefore, assuming that a bleeding ratio of the paper is set to B and a dot diameter when the natural number is set to n (the conventional method corresponds to n = 1) is set to D_n and a liquid droplet diameter is set to d_n, the following relation is satisfied.

$D_{n} = √2 × \frac{p}{n} {, D}_{n} {= B × d}_{n}$

$d_{n} = \frac{√2}{B} · \frac{p}{n}$

Therefore, an ink amount V_n per recording unit is

$V_{n} = \frac{1}{n} · \frac{√2}{3} π (\frac{p}{B})³$

An area S_n of the recording unit is

$S_{n} = \frac{p²}{2n} (2 n - 2 + π)$

Thus, the height H_n of cylindrical model is

because n = 1 in the case of the conventional method, and

in the case of the present invention. The ratio between H₁ and H_n is

Table 1 shows the values in the cases from n = 1 to n = 10. n = 1 corresponds to the conventional case.
Figs. 2A and 2B correspond to the case of n = 2. From Table 1, it will be understood that as compared with the conventional case, by merely setting n = 2, the effect to lower the height of ink of the cylindrical model is very large and the fixing time can be remarkably reduced and the dot shape is also improved.
Further, as shown in Figs. 3A to 3D, in the invention, one recording unit is constructed by a plurality of, particularly, two printing operations. Therefore, a height H₂₁ of cylinder per recording operation is further reduced. In the case of the two printing operations, in Figs. 3A and 3C,

$H₂ : H₂₁ = 1 : 0.900$

$H₁ : H₂₁ = 1 : 0.550$

in Fig. 3B,

$H₂ : H₂₁ = 1 : 0.818$

$H₁ : H₂₁ = 1 : 0.500$

The height of cylindrical model further decreases, the fixing time is reduced, and the dot shape is also further improved. Figs. 4A and 4B schematically show optical microscopic photographs of a printed example (a) according to the conventional example and a printed example (b) according to the embodiment. It will be understood from the diagrams that the bleeding of the printed example in the invention is smaller and the printed image is clearer than those in the conventional method.
According to the invention, the ink height of the cylindrical model is reduced and the fixing time can be reduced. Therefore, for instance, the high speed printing by the multi-orifice head with orifices arranged corresponding to the A4 width can be also realized. On the other hand, not only the dot shape is improved but also a printed image is constructed by dots smaller than those in the conventional method, so that there are also advantages such that the printed image is finely expressed and the printing quality is further improved.
Referring to Fig. 5, 14 denotes an ink jet recording head cartridge of disposable type with plurality orifices of small areas provided at high density. The cartridge 14 is fixed on a carriage 15 by a holding member 41. They are movable reciprocally along a shaft 21 in the longitudinal direction. While, a positioning with respect to the carriage 15 is defined, for example, by a hole at a support 300 and a dowel or the like at the side of the carriage 15. Further, the electrical connection may be formed by coupling a connector on the carriage 15 with a connection pad at a wiring plate 200.
An ink discharged from the orifice (not shown in Fig. 5) of the recording head 14 reaches a recording medium 18 of which recording surface is defined by a platen 19 slightly distant from the recording head, so that an image is formed on the recording medium 18.
The recording head is provided with a discharge signal according to an image data from suitable data source through a cable 16 and connection terminal coupled thereto. As the cartridge 14, one or plural ones (two in the drawing) may be used according ink colors used therein.
Further, in Fig. 5, 17 denotes a carriage motor for scanning the carriage 15 along the shaft 21. 22 denotes wire for transmitting a driving power of the motor 17 to the carriage 15. 20 denotes a feed motor coupled with a platen roller 19 for conveying the recording medium 18.
In case of using the serial type ink jet recording apparatus as shown in Fig. 5, as more preferable example of usage of the recording method according to the present invention, following example is proposed.
That is, two ink jet recording heads 14 are provided. (a) One has orifice with normal size and arrangement. (b) The other has orifices with plural orifices of small sizes provided at high density. When high quality printing is necessary, the head (b) is used. The printing is executed according to the present invention. When high quality is not necessary while high speed printing is necessary, the head (a) is used. And normal printing is executed. That is, plural modes including mode for discharging ink droplets at the interval of 1/N of pitch of recording unit (N is a natural number of 2 or more), and mode for discharging the droplets at the interval of recording unit pitch are executed according to the recording method.
The present invention brings about excellent effects particularly in a recording head, recording device of the bubble jet system among the ink jet recording system.
As to its representative construction and principle, for example, one practiced by use of the basic principle disclosed in, for instance, U.S.P. Nos. 4,723,129 and 4,740,796 is preferred. The above system is applicable to either of the so called on-demand type and the continuous type. Particularly, the case of the on-demand type is effective because, by applying at least one driving signal which gives rapid temperature elevation exceeding nucleus boiling corresponding to the recording information on an electricity-heat converters arranged corresponding to the sheets or liquid channels holding liquid (ink), heat energy is generated at the electricity-heat converters to effect film boiling at the heat acting surface of the recording head, and consequently the bubbles within the liquid (ink) can be formed corresponding one by one to the driving signals. By discharging the liquid (ink) through an opening for discharging by growth and shrinkage of the bubble, at least one droplet is formed. By making the driving signals into pulse shapes, growth and shrinkage of the bubble can be effected instantly and adequately to accomplish more preferably discharging of the liquid (ink) particularly excellent in response characteristic. As the driving signals of such pulse shape, those as disclosed in U.S.P. Nos. 4,463,359 and 4,345,262 are suitable. Further excellent recording can be performed by employment of the conditions described in U.S.P. No. 4,313,124 of the invention concerning the temperature elevation rate of the above-mentioned heat acting surface.
As the construction of the recording head, in addition to the combination constructions of discharging orifice, liquid channel, electricity-heat converter (linear liquid channel or right angle liquid channel) as disclosed in the above-mentioned respective specifications, the construction by use of U.S.P. Nos. 4,558,333 and 4,459,600 disclosing the construction having the heat acting portion arranged in the flexed region is also included in the present invention. In addition, the present invention can be also effectively made the construction as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Application No. 59-123670 which discloses the construction using a slit common to a plurality of electricity-heat converters as the discharging portion of the electricity-heat converter or Japanese Patent Laid-Open Application No. 59-138461 which discloses the construction having the opening for absorbing pressure wave of heat energy correspondent to the discharging portion.
Further, as the recording head of the full line type having a length corresponding to the maximum width of recording medium which can be recorded by the recording device either the construction which satisfies its length by combination of a plurality of recording heads as disclosed in the above-mentioned specifications or the construction as one recording head integrally formed may be used, and the present invention can exhibit the effects as described above further effectively.
In addition, the present invention is effective for a recording head of the freely exchangeable chip type which enables electrical connection to the main device or supply of ink from the main device by being mounted on the main device, or for the case by use of a recording head of the cartridge type provided integrally on the recording head itself.
Also, addition of a restoration means for the recording head, a preliminary auxiliary means, etc. provided as the construction of the recording device of the present invention is preferable, because the effect of the present invention can be further stabilized. Specific examples of them may include, for the recording head, capping means, cleaning means, pressurization or aspiration means, electricity-heat converters or another heating element or preliminary heating means according to a combination of them, and it is also effective for performing stable recording to perform preliminary mode which performs discharging separate from recording.
Further, as the recording mode of the recording device, the present invention is extremely effective for not only the recording mode only of a primary stream color such as black etc., but also a device equipped with at least one of plural different colors or full color by color mixing, whether the recording head may be either integrally constructed or combined in plural number.

Claims

A method of ink jet recording, in which method ink is discharged from an ink jet recording head (14) as droplets to define a single recording unit, the droplets of the recording unit being discharged at an interval which is 1/N of a pitch (P), which pitch (P) is a distance between respective centres of adjacent recording units and N is a natural number of 2 or more,
which method is characterised in that:
adjacent droplets of at least two recording units which are adjacent are discharged at an interval which is 1/N of said pitch; and
said droplets, defining a single recording unit, are each of sufficient volume so that together they completely cover the area of said recording unit.
A method according to claim 1, wherein one recording unit is defined by N² ink droplets.
A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said ink jet recording head is of a serial type, and a plurality of recording operations are performed to define each recording unit.
A method according to claim 3, wherein the number of said plurality of recording operations is two.
A method as claimed in any preceding claim:
having not only a mode of discharging ink droplets at said interval which is 1/Nth pitch but also
a mode of discharging the droplets at an interval of one pitch.
A method according to any one of the preceding claims when performed using an ink jet recording head that is of an on-demand type.
A method according to claims 3 or 4, wherein a plurality of ink dots, constituting a part only of said recording unit, formed in each respective recording operation, are so formed in a non-overlapping relationship to each other.
A method according to any one of the preceding claims when applied to an uncoated recording medium.
A method according to any preceding claim, wherein said ink jet recording head (14) has a plurality of ink emitting orifices.
An apparatus for ink jet recording by the method claimed in claim 1, said apparatus comprising:
an ink jet recording head assembly including at least one ink jet recording head (14) for discharging ink droplets for forming a multiplicity of ink dots on a recording medium; and
control means co-operable with said assembly for determining ink dot location on said recording medium; in which
said at least one ink jet recording head and said control means, are adapted to compose an image in which each recording unit thereof shall comprise a plurality of merged ink dots, the ink dots of each recording unit being recorded on the medium at an interval which is 1/N of a pitch (P), which pitch is a distance between respective centres of adjacent recording units and N is a natural number of 2 or more;
which apparatus is characterised in that:
adjacent dots of at least two recording units which are adjacent are recorded at an interval which is 1/N of said pitch; and
said control means is co-operable with said at least one ink jet recording head (14) so that the volume of each droplet discharged from the or each ink emitting orifice is such that the plurality of merged ink dots, each corresponding to a respective droplet and together defining each single recording unit, shall completely cover the area thereof.
An apparatus as claimed in claim 10 wherein said control means is co-operable with said at least one ink jet recording head so that said plurality of ink dots forming each single recording unit shall be formed in a plurality of recording operations.
An apparatus as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein said ink jet recording head (14) has a plurality of ink emitting orifices.