EP0377167A1 - Safety element to protect documents against unauthorized reproduction - Google Patents
Safety element to protect documents against unauthorized reproduction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0377167A1 EP0377167A1 EP89123585A EP89123585A EP0377167A1 EP 0377167 A1 EP0377167 A1 EP 0377167A1 EP 89123585 A EP89123585 A EP 89123585A EP 89123585 A EP89123585 A EP 89123585A EP 0377167 A1 EP0377167 A1 EP 0377167A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- security
- copy
- thread
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
- G03G21/04—Preventing copies being made of an original
- G03G21/043—Preventing copies being made of an original by using an original which is not reproducible or only reproducible with a different appearence, e.g. originals with a photochromic layer or a colour background
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
- D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
- G07D7/0032—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements using holograms
Definitions
- the invention relates to a security element according to the preamble of claim 1.
- security papers In the production of paper for banknotes, checks, passports, hereinafter referred to briefly as security papers, it corresponds to the state of the art to introduce so-called security threads into the paper. These are narrow tapes made of plastic or metal or any composite materials that are embedded in the paper sheet during the manufacturing process of the paper. Such security threads can be recognized on the finished sheet in transmitted light in accordance with their nature and serve to authenticate the corresponding paper.
- the object of the present invention is now to provide a security element which on the one hand can be recognized as an authenticity feature in a corresponding security paper, but which on the other hand is also used for protection against unauthorized copying can be.
- Such a security element the z. B. may have the form of a security thread embedded in the document, would produce such a clear effect in the attempt to make a copy on this copy that it could no longer be repaired in the sense of the original.
- the deflected, in particular diffracted, beam is on the one hand perpendicular to the thread running direction, but on the other hand forms a given angle to the normal to the thread surface. If one looks at a document containing such a thread, no special effects can be seen with normal observation, ie, observation directed perpendicular to the surface. When the document is held at an angle (the thread advantageously being regarded as an axis for the inclination), bright light reflections appear at defined angles, but these disappear again when the document is inclined further. When the document is moved quickly around the thread axis, a brief flash of the deflected light rays appears. This property of the security thread can advantageously be used as an authenticity feature, since it is not possible, in particular with simple means, to subsequently cause such an appearance on a counterfeit or copy.
- a thread of the type according to the invention shows particularly advantageous properties when an attempt is made in a copier (irrespective of whether black and white or color) to reproduce the document by unauthorized copying.
- a gas discharge tube or the like is used to illuminate the template.
- the light reflected from the original is imaged by a photographic object on a photoconductive drum and a charge image of the original is generated there.
- Subsequent use of toners and transfer to any substrate results in a copy of the given template.
- the security element according to the invention located in or on the document has the effect of affecting the surface of the security element falling light rays are not diffusely scattered, but a reflective metal layer initially creates a black image at this point.
- a bank note is equipped with the thread according to the invention and it is further provided that this thread comes out of the bank note at at least one point on the surface of the note, the first embodiment of the method according to the invention results.
- a banknote usually has a linear background print that covers almost the entire surface of the note. If you now try to copy such a note, there is a dark place in the copy where the exposed thread would otherwise be recognizable. In addition, however, one or more clearly visible interruptions can be found in the area of linear background printing. This copy is therefore easily recognized as a forgery.
- the security thread can also be produced in such a way that recognizable or readable information is contained within the light beam bent to the side due to the special design of the surface structure.
- a black cross or another suitable sign can also arise within the copy, which improves the recognizability of the copy and additionally hinders the secondary improvement of such a copy.
- a suitable method consists, for example, of holographically imaging a light source at an oblique angle of incidence and producing an embossing stamp in a known manner on the basis of this hologram. If one stamps the surface of a metallized plastic filament with such a stamp, the result is, in principle, an image of the previously recorded topography, that is to say a light source radiating in a defined manner at a certain angle. This means that incident light rays leave the surface of the film at a defined angle and thus produce the effects described above.
- any directional reflective embossing can be used, which only takes into account the different orientation options of the original in the copier. For example, four to eight reflections grouped at a defined angle symmetrically around the normal of the thread can provide excellent security for documents in these devices.
- an annular retroreflection which is mounted on the security thread as a cone jacket around the normal. Such overexposure would then result in annular extinguishments of the print around the thread.
- a number of copiers use line-by-line scanning of the original, eliminating the need for a photoconductive drum. Rather, a line consisting of many light-sensitive points slides over the original, which scans the image across the direction of travel of the line. It is understood that such imaging systems are only disturbed if at least one of the reflections falls into one of the light-sensitive sensor points. This means that the previously described direction of reflection in a circle along a conical surface would already be a perfect safeguard. Likewise, the relexes along the cone can also be divided into a group of individuals Decompose points so that a sufficiently large number of point-shaped reflected light bundles are created along a circle in the illustration. These would then outshine at least one point each when scanning (but generally two points due to their symmetrical arrangement). By moving the sensor line, these points would add up to two bright lines along the direction of movement of the sensor.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
- Facsimile Transmission Control (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitselement gemäß des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a security element according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei der Herstellung von Papier für Banknoten, Schecks, Pässe, im folgenden kurz als Sicherheitspapiere bezeichnet, entspricht es dem Stand der Technik, sogenannte Sicherheitsfäden in das Papier einzubringen. Hierbei handelt es sich um schmale Bändchen aus Kunststoff oder Metall oder beliebigen Verbundmaterialien, welche beim Herstellungsprozeß des Papiers mit in das Papierblatt eingebettet werden. Solche Sicherheitsfäden sind am fertigen Blatt in durchfallendem Licht entsprechend ihrer Natur zu erkennen und dienen zur Echtheitsmarkierung des entsprechenden Papiers.In the production of paper for banknotes, checks, passports, hereinafter referred to briefly as security papers, it corresponds to the state of the art to introduce so-called security threads into the paper. These are narrow tapes made of plastic or metal or any composite materials that are embedded in the paper sheet during the manufacturing process of the paper. Such security threads can be recognized on the finished sheet in transmitted light in accordance with their nature and serve to authenticate the corresponding paper.
Aus der EP-OS 0 229 645 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, wonach dieser Sicherheitsfaden auch so ins Papier eingebracht werden kann, daß er an einigen vorher bestimmbaren Stellen aus der Papiermasse heraustritt und somit an der Oberfläche des Papiers liegt. Dieses Verfahren ist insbesondere dann von Interesse, wenn der Faden metallisch reflektierende Eigenschaften besitzt und daher spiegelnden Glanz aufweist. Es ist bekannt, daß solche spiegelnden Objekte in Fotokopiergeräten nicht in der gleichen Weise reproduziert werden können. Anstelle der spiegelnd glänzenden Fadenoberfläche entsteht nur ein schwarzer Fleck, durch den sich die Kopie als solche eindeutig vom Original unterscheidet. Es gibt jedoch Möglichkeiten, auch auf der Kopie im nachhinein eine entsprechende spiegelglänzende Fläche zu erzeugen (z. B. durch Auftragen entsprechender Lacke).A method is known from EP-OS 0 229 645, according to which this security thread can also be introduced into the paper in such a way that it emerges from the paper pulp at some predeterminable points and thus lies on the surface of the paper. This method is of particular interest if the thread has metallic reflective properties and therefore has a specular gloss. It is known that such specular objects cannot be reproduced in the same way in photocopiers. Instead of the glossy surface of the thread, there is only a black spot, which clearly distinguishes the copy as such from the original. However, there are options for creating a corresponding mirror-like surface on the copy afterwards (e.g. by applying appropriate varnish).
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun, ein Sicherheitselement vorzusehen, welches einerseits von sich aus als Echtheitsmerkmal in einem entsprechenden Sicherheitspapier erkannt werden kann, welches aber auch andererseits zum Schutz vor unbefugtem Kopieren eingesetzt werden kann.The object of the present invention is now to provide a security element which on the one hand can be recognized as an authenticity feature in a corresponding security paper, but which on the other hand is also used for protection against unauthorized copying can be.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Hauptanspruchs angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of the main claim.
Ein derartiges Sicherheitselement, das z. B. die Form eines in das Dokument eingebetteten Sicherheitsfaden aufweisen kann, würde bei dem Versuch zur Herstellung einer Kopie auf dieser Kopie so deutliche Effekte hervorrufen, daß diese nicht mehr nachträglich im Sinne des Originals repariert werden könnte.Such a security element, the z. B. may have the form of a security thread embedded in the document, would produce such a clear effect in the attempt to make a copy on this copy that it could no longer be repaired in the sense of the original.
Aus verschiedenen Dokumenten (DE-PS 25 55 214; EP-C 59 056; EP-C 70 172; US-PS 4,437,935) ist es zwar bekannt, Dokumente mit lichtablenkenden, insbesondere lichtbeugenden Strukturen zu versehen. Hier stellt aber nur die Struktur an sich ein Echtheitsmerkmal dar, das fotografisch oder elektrofotografisch leicht reproduzierbar ist. Diese lichtbeugende Strukturen verhindern aber nicht, daß das Dokument außerhalb dieser Strukturen in der gewünschten Form kopiert wird.From various documents (DE-PS 25 55 214; EP-C 59 056; EP-C 70 172; US-PS 4,437,935) it is known to provide documents with light-deflecting, in particular light-diffracting structures. Here, however, only the structure per se represents an authenticity feature that is easily reproducible photographically or electrophotographically. However, these light diffractive structures do not prevent the document from being copied in the desired form outside of these structures.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß in der Tat Sicherheitselemente erzeugt werden können, welche besondere Eigenschaften aufweisen. Im allgemeinen handelt es sich dabei auch um die an sich bekannten Folien oder Folienstreifen aus z. B. Polyester oder Polycarbonat mit einer aufgedampften Metallschicht. Diese Folien, Folienstreifen oder -fäden entsprechen in verschiedenster Ausführung dem Stand der Technik und können beispielsweise unter Aufdampfen von Aluminium, Nickel, Gold, Titannitrit und anderen Materialien erzeugt werden. Zusätzlich wird jedoch in die Oberfläche dieses Fadens eine spezielle Struktur eingeprägt, welche das einfallende Licht in spezieller Weise ablenkt, beugt oder reflektiert. Der erfinderische Gedanke besteht darin, durch die Ablenkung des einfallenden Lichtes die Lichtstrahlen so abzulenken, daß sie nur unter einem vorbestimmten Winkel, - vom Einfallswinkel unterschiedlich - zu sehen sind. Als besonders vorteilhaft erweist es sich, wenn der abgelenkte, insbesondere gebeugte Strahl einerseits rechtwinklig zur Fadenlaufrichtung liegt, andererseits jedoch zur Normalen auf die Fadenoberfläche einen gegebenen Winkel einschließt. Betrachtet man ein Dokument, welches einen solchen Faden enthält, so sind bei normaler, d. h. senkrecht auf die Fläche gerichteter, Beobachtung keine besonderen Effekte zu erkennen. Beim Schräghalten des Dokumentes (wobei vorteilhafterweise der Faden als Achse für die Schrägneigung anzusehen ist) erscheinen unter definierten Winkeln helle Lichtreflexe, welche jedoch bei weiterem Neigen des Dokumentes wieder verschwinden. Bei einer raschen prüfenden Bewegung des Dokumentes um die Fadenachse erscheint also ein kurzes Aufblitzen der abgelenkten Lichtstrahlen. Diese Eigenschaft des Sicherheitsfadens läßt sich vorteilhaft als Echtheitsmerkmal benutzen, da es insbesondere mit einfachen Mitteln nicht möglich ist, eine solche Erscheinung nachträglich auf einer Fälschung oder Kopie hervorzurufen.It has now been found that security elements can indeed be produced which have special properties. In general, it is also the known films or film strips from z. B. polyester or polycarbonate with a vapor-deposited metal layer. These foils, foil strips or threads correspond in various designs to the state of the art and can be produced, for example, by vapor deposition of aluminum, nickel, gold, titanium nitride and other materials. In addition, however, a special structure is embossed into the surface of this thread, which deflects, diffracts or reflects the incident light in a special way. The inventive idea is to deflect the light rays by deflecting the incident light so that they only at a predetermined angle - different from the angle of incidence - can be seen. It proves to be particularly advantageous if the deflected, in particular diffracted, beam is on the one hand perpendicular to the thread running direction, but on the other hand forms a given angle to the normal to the thread surface. If one looks at a document containing such a thread, no special effects can be seen with normal observation, ie, observation directed perpendicular to the surface. When the document is held at an angle (the thread advantageously being regarded as an axis for the inclination), bright light reflections appear at defined angles, but these disappear again when the document is inclined further. When the document is moved quickly around the thread axis, a brief flash of the deflected light rays appears. This property of the security thread can advantageously be used as an authenticity feature, since it is not possible, in particular with simple means, to subsequently cause such an appearance on a counterfeit or copy.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß ein Faden der erfindungsgemäßen Art dann besonders vorteilhafte Eigenschaften zeigt, wenn in einem Kopierer (gleichgültig ob schwarzweiß oder farbig) ein Versuch unternommen wird, das Dokument durch unerlaubtes Kopieren zu vervielfältigen. Hierzu wird zur Beleuchtung der Vorlage beispielsweise eine Gasentladungsröhre oder dergleichen verwendet. Das von der Vorlage reflektierte Licht wird durch ein fotografisches Objekt auf eine fotoleitfähige Trommel abgebildet und dort ein Ladungsbild der Vorlage erzeugt. Durch anschließende Verwendung von Tonern und Übertragung auf ein beliebiges Substrat entsteht eine Kopie der gegebenen Vorlage.Das erfindungsgemäß im oder auf dem Dokument befindlichen Sicherheitselement bewirkt jedoch, daß die auf die Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements ein fallenden Lichtstrahlen nicht diffus gestreut werden, sondern durch die reflektierende Metallschicht zunächst an dieser Stelle ein schwarzes Abbild entsteht. Dies ist prinzipiell nicht verschieden von der Verwendung einfacher metallbedampfter Sicherheitsfäden. Zusätzlich ergibt sich jedoch, daß die abgelenkten Lichtstrahlen das Objektiv und die fotoleitfähige Trommel an einer Stelle treffen, an der normalerweise Informationen einer anderen Stelle der Vorlage enthalten wären. Hierdurch entsteht an dieser Stelle ein zusätzlicher heller Lichteffekt, welcher die normalerweise auf der fotoleitfähigen Trommel vorhandene Information an dieser Stelle überstrahlt und somit löscht. Eine erfindungsgemäß von einem solchen Dokument hergestellte Kopie zeigt also nicht nur anstelle des reflektierenden Sicherheitsfadens schwarze Stellen, sondern zusätzlich im Bereich des Textes bzw. der Abbildung hell überstrahlte Flecken, welche als Unterbrechungen im Text bzw. in der Abbildung leicht erkennbar sind. Diese Flecken lassen auch bei einer sonst perfekten Kopie sofort erkennen, daß es sich hierbei nicht um ein Original, sondern um eine Fälschung handeln muß.It has been found that a thread of the type according to the invention shows particularly advantageous properties when an attempt is made in a copier (irrespective of whether black and white or color) to reproduce the document by unauthorized copying. For this purpose, for example, a gas discharge tube or the like is used to illuminate the template. The light reflected from the original is imaged by a photographic object on a photoconductive drum and a charge image of the original is generated there. Subsequent use of toners and transfer to any substrate results in a copy of the given template. However, the security element according to the invention located in or on the document has the effect of affecting the surface of the security element falling light rays are not diffusely scattered, but a reflective metal layer initially creates a black image at this point. In principle, this is no different from the use of simple metal-coated security threads. In addition, however, it is found that the deflected light beams hit the lens and the photoconductive drum at a location where information from another location of the original would normally be contained. This creates an additional bright light effect at this point, which outshines the information normally present on the photoconductive drum and thus erases it. A copy produced according to the invention from such a document thus shows not only black spots instead of the reflecting security thread, but also spots which are brightly outshone in the area of the text or the illustration and which are easily recognizable as interruptions in the text or in the illustration. Even with an otherwise perfect copy, these spots show immediately that this is not an original, but a fake.
Stattet man beispielsweise eine Banknote mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Faden aus und sieht ferner vor, daß dieser Faden innerhalb der Banknote an mindestens einer Stelle an die Oberfläche der Note heraustritt, so ergibt sich eine erste Verkörperung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Eine Banknote besitzt darüber hinaus gewöhnlich einen linienhaften Untergrunddruck, welcher fast die gesamte Fläche der Note bedeckt. Versucht man nun eine solche Note zu kopieren, so ergibt sich an der Stelle, wo sonst der freiliegende Faden erkennbar wäre, eine dunkle Stelle in der Kopie. Darüber hinaus findet man jedoch im Bereich des linienhaften Untergrunddruckes eine oder mehrere deutliche sichtbare Unterbrechungen. Damit ist diese Kopie ohne weiteres als Fälschung zu erkennen.If, for example, a bank note is equipped with the thread according to the invention and it is further provided that this thread comes out of the bank note at at least one point on the surface of the note, the first embodiment of the method according to the invention results. In addition, a banknote usually has a linear background print that covers almost the entire surface of the note. If you now try to copy such a note, there is a dark place in the copy where the exposed thread would otherwise be recognizable. In addition, however, one or more clearly visible interruptions can be found in the area of linear background printing. This copy is therefore easily recognized as a forgery.
In einer weiteren Verkörperung der Erfindung läßt sich der Sicherheitsfaden auch so herstellen, daß innerhalb des zur Seite gebeugten Lichtstrahls infolge der besonderen Ausführung der Oberflächenstruktur eine erkennbare oder lesbare Information enthalten ist. So kann im Bereich der durch die seitliche Ablenkung entstehenden hellen Flecken innerhalb der Kopie noch zusätzlich ein schwarzes Kreuz oder sonst ein geeignetes Zeichen entstehen, welches die Erkennbarkeit der Kopie verbessert und zusätzlich die sekundäre Nachbesserung einer solchen Kopie behindert.In a further embodiment of the invention, the security thread can also be produced in such a way that recognizable or readable information is contained within the light beam bent to the side due to the special design of the surface structure. Thus, in the area of the light spots resulting from the lateral deflection, a black cross or another suitable sign can also arise within the copy, which improves the recognizability of the copy and additionally hinders the secondary improvement of such a copy.
Der besondere Vorteil der genannten Sicherheitsfäden ist darin zu sehen, daß sie nicht nur in der Kopie falsch abgebildet werden (was man durch sekundäres Auftragen von Lacken ganz bequem nachbessern kann), sondern daß sie die positiv notwendige Information auf anderen Teilen des Sicherheitspapieres überstrahlen und damit unkenntlich machen. Somit ergibt sich, daß die Kopie nicht nur als solche leicht erkennbar ist, sondern daß auch ein Teil der üblicherweise dort vorhanden gewesenen Information auf der Kopie nicht mehr erkennbar sein wird.The particular advantage of the security threads mentioned is that they are not only misrepresented in the copy (which can easily be improved by applying secondary varnish), but that they outshine the positively necessary information on other parts of the security paper and thus deface. It follows that the copy is not only easily recognizable as such, but also that part of the information usually present there will no longer be recognizable on the copy.
Die Herstellung eines Fadens der genannten Art ist mit den vorhandenen Mitteln der Technik grundsätzlich möglich. Ein geeignetes Verfahren besteht beispielsweise darin, eine Lichtquelle unter einem schrägen Einfallswinkel holografisch abzubilden und auf Basis dieses Hologramms auf bekannte Weise einen Prägestempel herzustellen. Prägt man die Oberfläche eines metallisierten Kunststoffadens mit einem solchen Stempel, so ergibt sich im Prinzip ein Abbild der zuvor aufgenommenen Topografie, also eine definiert unter einem bestimmten Winkel strahlende Lichtquelle. Dies bedeutet, daß einfallende Lichtstrahlen die Oberfläche der Folie unter einem definierten Winkel verlassen und damit die zuvor beschriebenen Effekte erzeugen.The production of a thread of the type mentioned is fundamentally possible with the existing technical means. A suitable method consists, for example, of holographically imaging a light source at an oblique angle of incidence and producing an embossing stamp in a known manner on the basis of this hologram. If one stamps the surface of a metallized plastic filament with such a stamp, the result is, in principle, an image of the previously recorded topography, that is to say a light source radiating in a defined manner at a certain angle. This means that incident light rays leave the surface of the film at a defined angle and thus produce the effects described above.
Bei der Herstellung einer solchen Aufnahme ist es notwendig, auf die Geometrie der üblichen Fotokopiergeräte Rücksicht zu nehmen. Dabei ist auch die Anordnung der Lichtquelle bei der Herstellung des Prägestempels zu berücksichtigen. Ferner ist zu berücksichtigen, daß nicht von vornherein sichergestellt ist, in welcher Orientierung das Original in das Kopiergerät eingelegt wird.When producing such a picture, it is necessary to take into account the geometry of the usual photocopiers. The arrangement of the light source during the manufacture of the embossing stamp must also be taken into account. It should also be borne in mind that it is not guaranteed from the outset in which orientation the original is placed in the copier.
Für den Fall der verbreiteten Kopiergeräte, welche mit einer Leuchtröhre als Lichtquelle und mit einer direkten fotografischen Abbildung auf eine fotoleitfähige Trommel arbeiten, läßt sich im Prinzip jede gerichtet reflektierende Prägung verwenden, welche nur den unterschiedlichen Orientierungsmöglichkeiten des Originals im Kopierer Rechnung trägt. So können beispielsweise vier bis acht unter einem definierten Winkel symmetrisch um die Normale des Fadens gruppierte Reflexionen eine ausgezeichnete Absicherung für Dokumente in diesen Geräten bewirken. Ebenso ist jedoch auch die Verwendung einer ringförmigen Rückstrahlung möglich, welche als Kegelmantel um die Normale auf den Sicherheitsfaden gelagert ist. Eine solche Überstrahlung würde dann um den Faden herum ringförmige Auslöschungen des Druckes bewirken.In the case of the common copying machines, which work with a fluorescent tube as a light source and with a direct photographic image on a photoconductive drum, in principle any directional reflective embossing can be used, which only takes into account the different orientation options of the original in the copier. For example, four to eight reflections grouped at a defined angle symmetrically around the normal of the thread can provide excellent security for documents in these devices. However, it is also possible to use an annular retroreflection, which is mounted on the security thread as a cone jacket around the normal. Such overexposure would then result in annular extinguishments of the print around the thread.
Eine Reihe von Kopiergeräten arbeiten mit einer zeilenweisen Abtastung des Originals, wobei keine fotoleitfähige Trommel mehr verwendet wird. Vielmehr gleitet über das Original eine aus vielen lichtempfindlichen Punkten bestehende Zeile, welche das Bild quer zur Fortbewegungsrichtung der Zeile abrastert. Es versteht sich, daß solche Abbildungssysteme nur dann gestört werden, wenn wenigstens einer der Reflexe in einen der lichtempfindlichen Sensorpunkte fällt. Dies bedeutet, daß die zuvor beschriebene Reflexionsrichtung in Kreisform entlang eines Kegelmantels bereits eine einwandfreie Absicherung darstellen würde. Ebenso kann man jedoch die Relfexe entlang des Kegelmantels auch in eine Schar von einzelnen Punkten zerlegen, so daß in der Abbildung entlang eines Kreises eine hinreichend große Anzahl von punktförmigen reflektierten Lichtbündeln entsteht. Diese würden dann beim Abscannen mindestens je einen Punkt (im allgemeinen wegen symmetrischer Anordnung jedoch zwei Punkte) überstrahlen. Durch die Fortbewegung der Sensorzeile würden sich diese Punkte entlang der Bewegungsrichtung des Sensors zu zwei hellen Linien addieren.A number of copiers use line-by-line scanning of the original, eliminating the need for a photoconductive drum. Rather, a line consisting of many light-sensitive points slides over the original, which scans the image across the direction of travel of the line. It is understood that such imaging systems are only disturbed if at least one of the reflections falls into one of the light-sensitive sensor points. This means that the previously described direction of reflection in a circle along a conical surface would already be a perfect safeguard. Likewise, the relexes along the cone can also be divided into a group of individuals Decompose points so that a sufficiently large number of point-shaped reflected light bundles are created along a circle in the illustration. These would then outshine at least one point each when scanning (but generally two points due to their symmetrical arrangement). By moving the sensor line, these points would add up to two bright lines along the direction of movement of the sensor.
Schließlich gibt es spezielle und sehr teure Geräte, welche eine Vorlage Punkt für Punkt aufnehmen und das ausgenommene Bild zunächst in digitaler Form speichern. Dise Geräte sind meist so aufgebaut, daß senkrecht zur Vorlage ein punktförmiger Lichtsensor angebracht ist. Seitlich von diesem Sensor oder ringförmig um diesen herum befindet sich die Lichtquelle, welche einen größeren Teil der Vorlage unter dem Sensor beleuchtet. Auch für diesen Fall kann die Absicherung dadurch vorgenommen werden, daß das diffus auf die Vorlage einfallende Licht von dem Beugungsgitter des Sicherheitsfadens definiert zur Seite abgelenkt wird. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Reflexe jedoch so ausgebildet, daß sie nur einen kleinen Winkel zur Normalen auf die Vorlage einschließen. Ferner können die Reflexbereiche auf einen etwas größeren Raumwinkel aufgeweitet werden. Durch eine solche Anordnung wird erreicht, daß beim Abrastern der Druckbereiche auf beiden Seiten des Sicherheitsfadens jeweils Lichtintensitäten mit aufgenommen werden, welche vom Sicherheitsfaden selbst stammen. Damit wird wiederum in unmittelbarer Nähe des Sicherheitsfadens zu beiden Seiten eine überstrahlte, also keine Abbildung enthaltende Zone gebildet.Finally, there are special and very expensive devices that record a template point by point and initially save the excluded image in digital form. These devices are usually designed so that a point-shaped light sensor is attached perpendicular to the template. To the side of this sensor or in a ring around it is the light source, which illuminates a larger part of the original under the sensor. In this case too, the protection can be carried out by the fact that the diffusely incident light is deflected to the side by the diffraction grating of the security thread. In a preferred embodiment, however, the reflections are designed such that they only form a small angle to the normal to the original. Furthermore, the reflex areas can be widened to a somewhat larger solid angle. With such an arrangement it is achieved that when scanning the printing areas on both sides of the security thread light intensities are also recorded, which originate from the security thread itself. This in turn creates an overexposed zone in the immediate vicinity of the security thread on both sides, ie it does not contain any image.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3843076A DE3843076A1 (en) | 1988-12-21 | 1988-12-21 | SECURITY ELEMENT TO PROTECT DOCUMENTS AGAINST UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION |
DE3843076 | 1988-12-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0377167A1 true EP0377167A1 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
EP0377167B1 EP0377167B1 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
Family
ID=6369747
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89123585A Expired - Lifetime EP0377167B1 (en) | 1988-12-21 | 1989-12-20 | Safety element to protect documents against unauthorized reproduction |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0377167B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE111171T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3843076A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0485694A2 (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-05-20 | Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield | High-speed document verification system |
EP0492407A1 (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-07-01 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH | Process for the accurate positioning of security elements |
EP0518740A1 (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1992-12-16 | Arjo Wiggins S.A. | Safety sheet |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009033221A1 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-27 | Human Bios Gmbh | Security element for marking or identification of objects and living beings |
DE102013219591A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-16 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg | METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING MICROELECTRONIC COMPONENTS |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2331455A1 (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1977-06-10 | Landis & Gyr Ag | DOCUMENT |
GB2103669A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1983-02-23 | Crane Co | Identifiable papers for example banknoted and methods and apparatus for producing them |
WO1987007034A1 (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1987-11-19 | American Bank Note Holographics, Inc. | Security diffraction devices difficult to exactly duplicate |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3887742A (en) * | 1972-04-13 | 1975-06-03 | Richard E Reinnagel | Copy resistant documents |
IN157644B (en) * | 1981-02-19 | 1986-05-10 | Portals Ltd | |
DE3265421D1 (en) * | 1981-07-13 | 1985-09-19 | Portals Ltd | Paper incorporating a partially embedded strip, methods for making paper and security documents |
DE3601114A1 (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1987-07-23 | Gao Ges Automation Org | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SECURITY PAPER WITH STORED SECURITY THREAD |
-
1988
- 1988-12-21 DE DE3843076A patent/DE3843076A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1989
- 1989-12-20 DE DE58908323T patent/DE58908323D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-20 AT AT89123585T patent/ATE111171T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-20 EP EP89123585A patent/EP0377167B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2331455A1 (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1977-06-10 | Landis & Gyr Ag | DOCUMENT |
GB2103669A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1983-02-23 | Crane Co | Identifiable papers for example banknoted and methods and apparatus for producing them |
WO1987007034A1 (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1987-11-19 | American Bank Note Holographics, Inc. | Security diffraction devices difficult to exactly duplicate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF PAPER CHEMISTRY. vol. 55, no. 1, Juli 1984, APPLETON US Seite 54 Chemical Business: "Funny money isn't funny" * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0485694A2 (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-05-20 | Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield | High-speed document verification system |
EP0485694A3 (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1995-06-07 | Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield | |
US5537486A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1996-07-16 | Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield | High-speed document verification system |
EP0492407A1 (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-07-01 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH | Process for the accurate positioning of security elements |
EP0518740A1 (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1992-12-16 | Arjo Wiggins S.A. | Safety sheet |
FR2677676A1 (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1992-12-18 | Arjo Wiggins Sa | SECURITY DOCUMENT CONTAINING AN OPAQUE WIRE HAVING IRIDESCENT BRANDS. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0377167B1 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
DE3843076A1 (en) | 1990-07-05 |
ATE111171T1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
DE58908323D1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
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