EP0322028A1 - Device for the temporary overcooling of a cooled detector - Google Patents

Device for the temporary overcooling of a cooled detector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0322028A1
EP0322028A1 EP88202855A EP88202855A EP0322028A1 EP 0322028 A1 EP0322028 A1 EP 0322028A1 EP 88202855 A EP88202855 A EP 88202855A EP 88202855 A EP88202855 A EP 88202855A EP 0322028 A1 EP0322028 A1 EP 0322028A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooler
super
cooling
phase change
change material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88202855A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0322028B1 (en
Inventor
Henri Société Civile S.P.I.D. Bourcier
Marc Société Civile S.P.I.D. Pochard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
SODERN SA
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SODERN SA, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical SODERN SA
Publication of EP0322028A1 publication Critical patent/EP0322028A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0322028B1 publication Critical patent/EP0322028B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for temporarily supercooling a detector cooled in steady state in an enclosure by means of a first cooler.
  • a device of this kind finds an application for example in the sights of stars embarked on vehicles and whose duration of use is of the order of a few seconds.
  • These star finders are equipped with CCD detectors operating in the visible range and cooled to low temperature (0 ° to 5 ° C) in a thermostatically controlled enclosure.
  • CCD components are made up of semiconductor materials, the parameters of which degrade when the detector is struck by a bombardment of particles. It follows that at constant temperature the dark current increases. As this current decreases with temperature, it is necessary to cool further when it has increased in order to restore its value in the absence of nuclear aggression and thus maintain the detector's initial sensitivity.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device ensuring this super-cooling during the duration of use of the detector without bringing disturbance to the thermal equilibrium of the assembly.
  • the invention is remarkable in that a second cooler is temporarily put into action to produce the required super-cooling without causing heat exchange with the outside, this result being acquired by the fact that the thermal energy dissipated by said second cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the state liquid of a phase change material, chosen as a function of the steady-state temperature and disposed between said first and second coolers, so that the total energy balance is zero and the external environment is not thermally disturbed as long that the duration of the super-cooling does not exceed the duration of absorption of said phase change material.
  • the single figure shows a schematic section of the super-cooling device of the invention.
  • the detector 1 is placed inside a housing whose lateral surface 2 is made of a material with low thermal conductivity and whose bottom 3 is a support in contact with the external environment.
  • the part of the housing facing the detector is pierced with an opening closed by a transparent window 4.
  • the detector is for example a matrix CCD.
  • a first cooler 5 is brought into contact with the support 3 while a second cooler 6 is brought into contact with the detector.
  • These two coolers operate for example with the Peltier effect.
  • An enclosure 7 containing a phase change material (solid ⁇ liquid) is interposed between the coolers 5 and 6.
  • This material is chosen as a function of the permanent operating temperature: water for a temperature of 0 ° C., tetradecane for a temperature of 5 ° C.
  • the enclosure contains for example 0.5 g of water.
  • the first cooler 5 provides steady cooling of the detector 1, cooler 6 (out of service) and enclosure 7 assembly containing the phase change material.
  • the second Peltier effect cooler 6 is switched on. service.
  • the thermal energy dissipated by this cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the liquid state of the phase change material without disturbing the external environment provided that the duration of the super-cooling does not exceed the duration of absorption capacity of the material.
  • Such a device can ensure a super-cooling of 20 ° C for a period of approximately 20 seconds.
  • One of the advantages of this device is to be able to operate as many times as desired, because after the supercooling the part of the material in the liquid state returns to the solid state and the system is ready to operate again .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Details Of Measuring And Other Instruments (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)

Abstract

Device for the temporary overcooling of a cooled detector (1) in permanent operation in an enclosed space by means of a first cooler (5). <??>According to the invention, a second cooler (6) is set in operation temporarily in order to produce the required overcooling without involving heat exchange with the outside. To this end, the heat energy dissipated by the cooler (6) is absorbed by the solid -> liquid passage of a phase change material (7) (water or tetradecane) arranged between said first and second coolers. <??>Application in observing stars. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de sur-refroi­dissement temporaire d'un détecteur refroidi en régime perma­nent dans une enceinte au moyen d'un premier refroidisseur.The invention relates to a device for temporarily supercooling a detector cooled in steady state in an enclosure by means of a first cooler.

Un dispositif de ce genre trouve une application par exemple dans les viseurs d'étoiles embarqués sur des en­gins et dont la durée d'utilisation est de l'ordre de quelques secondes.A device of this kind finds an application for example in the sights of stars embarked on vehicles and whose duration of use is of the order of a few seconds.

Ces viseurs d'étoiles sont équipés de détecteurs CCD fonctionnant dans le visible et refroidis à faible tempé­rature (0° à 5°C) dans une enceinte thermostatée.These star finders are equipped with CCD detectors operating in the visible range and cooled to low temperature (0 ° to 5 ° C) in a thermostatically controlled enclosure.

Pendant le temps de visée, ces détecteurs subissent des agressions de type nucléaire. Les composants CCD sont constitués par des matériaux semiconducteurs dont les paramè­tres se dégradent lorsque le détecteur est frappé par un bom­bardement de particules. Il en résulte qu'à température cons­tante le courant d'obscurité grandit. Comme ce courant diminue avec la température, il est nécessaire de refroidir davantage lorsqu'il a augmenté afin de rétablir sa valeur en l'absence d'agression nucléaire et de conserver ainsi au détecteur sa sensibilité initiale.During the aiming time, these detectors are subjected to nuclear type attacks. CCD components are made up of semiconductor materials, the parameters of which degrade when the detector is struck by a bombardment of particles. It follows that at constant temperature the dark current increases. As this current decreases with temperature, it is necessary to cool further when it has increased in order to restore its value in the absence of nuclear aggression and thus maintain the detector's initial sensitivity.

Le but de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif assurant ce sur-refroidissement pendant la durée d'utilisation du détecteur sans apporter de perturbation à l'équilibre ther­mique de l'ensemble.The object of the invention is to provide a device ensuring this super-cooling during the duration of use of the detector without bringing disturbance to the thermal equilibrium of the assembly.

A cet effet l'invention est remarquable en ce qu'un second refroidisseur est mis temporairement en action pour produire le sur-refroidissement requis sans entraîner d'échan­ge thermique avec l'extérieur, ce résultat étant acquis par le fait que l'énergie thermique dissipée par ledit second refroi­disseur est absorbée par le passage de l'état solide à l'état liquide d'un matériau à changement de phase, choisi en fonction de la température de régime permanent et disposé entre lesdits premier et second refroidisseurs, de sorte que le bilan énergétique total est nul et que l'environnement extérieur n'est pas thermiquement perturbé tant que la durée du sur-refroidissement n'excède pas la durée d'absorption dudit matériau à changement de phase.To this end, the invention is remarkable in that a second cooler is temporarily put into action to produce the required super-cooling without causing heat exchange with the outside, this result being acquired by the fact that the thermal energy dissipated by said second cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the state liquid of a phase change material, chosen as a function of the steady-state temperature and disposed between said first and second coolers, so that the total energy balance is zero and the external environment is not thermally disturbed as long that the duration of the super-cooling does not exceed the duration of absorption of said phase change material.

La description suivante en regard du dessin annexé, le tout donné à titre d'exemple, fera bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée.The following description with reference to the appended drawing, all given by way of example, will make it clear how the invention can be implemented.

La figure unique représente une coupe schématique du dispositif de sur-refroidissement de l'invention.The single figure shows a schematic section of the super-cooling device of the invention.

Le détecteur 1 est placé à l'intérieur d'un boîtier dont la surface latérale 2 est constituée d'un matériau à fai­ble conductibilité thermique et dont le fond 3 est un support en contact avec l'environnement extérieur.The detector 1 is placed inside a housing whose lateral surface 2 is made of a material with low thermal conductivity and whose bottom 3 is a support in contact with the external environment.

La partie du boîtier en vis à vis du détecteur est percée d'une ouverture obturée par une fenêtre transparente 4.The part of the housing facing the detector is pierced with an opening closed by a transparent window 4.

Le détecteur est par exemple un CCD matriciel.The detector is for example a matrix CCD.

Un premier refroidisseur 5 est mis en contact avec le support 3 alors qu'un second refroidisseur 6 est mis en contact avec le détecteur. Ces deux refroidisseurs fonction­nent par exemple à l'effet Peltier.A first cooler 5 is brought into contact with the support 3 while a second cooler 6 is brought into contact with the detector. These two coolers operate for example with the Peltier effect.

Une enceinte 7 contenant un matériau à changement de phase (solide → liquide) est intercalé entre les refroidis­seurs 5 et 6. Ce matériau est choisi en fonction de la tempé­rature permanente de fonctionnement : l'eau pour une tempéra­ture de 0°C, le tétradécane pour une température de 5°C. L'en­ceinte contient par exemple 0,5 g d''eau.An enclosure 7 containing a phase change material (solid → liquid) is interposed between the coolers 5 and 6. This material is chosen as a function of the permanent operating temperature: water for a temperature of 0 ° C., tetradecane for a temperature of 5 ° C. The enclosure contains for example 0.5 g of water.

Le premier refroidisseur 5 assure en régime perma­nent le refroidissement de l'ensemble détecteur 1, refroidis­seur 6 (hors service) et enceinte 7 contenant le matériau à changement de phase.The first cooler 5 provides steady cooling of the detector 1, cooler 6 (out of service) and enclosure 7 assembly containing the phase change material.

Lorsqu'un sur-refroidissement du détecteur est né­cessaire, le second refroidisseur à effet Peltier 6 est mis en service. L'énergie thermique dissipée par ce refroidisseur est absorbée par le passage de l'état solide à l'état liquide du matériau à changement de phase sans perturbation de l'environ­nement extérieur à condition que la durée du sur-refroidisse­ment n'excède pas la durée de capacité d'absorption du maté­riau.When super-cooling of the detector is necessary, the second Peltier effect cooler 6 is switched on. service. The thermal energy dissipated by this cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the liquid state of the phase change material without disturbing the external environment provided that the duration of the super-cooling does not exceed the duration of absorption capacity of the material.

Un tel dispositif peut assurer un sur-refroidisse­ment de 20°C pendant une durée d'environ 20 secondes.Such a device can ensure a super-cooling of 20 ° C for a period of approximately 20 seconds.

Un des avantages de ce dispositif est de pouvoir fonctionner autant de fois qu'on le désire, car après le sur- refroidissement la partie de matière à l'état liquide repasse à l'état solide et le système est prêt à fonctionner une nou­velle fois.One of the advantages of this device is to be able to operate as many times as desired, because after the supercooling the part of the material in the liquid state returns to the solid state and the system is ready to operate again .

Comme applications types on peut citer :
- le viseur d'étoiles à matrice CCD intégré au coeur d'une centrale inertielle à coeur isolé.
Pour cette application, la visée se fait en une seule fois et ne dure qu'une dizaine de secondes avec une contrainte qui assure la stabilité des échanges thermiques coeur-vi­seur, raison pour laquelle le dispositif proposé est tout à fait adapté.
- Le Viseur d'étoiles à matrice CCD intégré sur satellite ne faisant des mesures de recalage stellaire que quelques fois par orbite. Le sur-refroidisseur ne serait mis en action que si, au fil des années, le courant d'obscurité augmentait trop.As typical applications we can cite:
- the CCD matrix star finder integrated into the heart of an isolated-core inertial unit.
For this application, the aiming is done in one go and lasts only ten seconds with a constraint which ensures the stability of the thermal exchanges heart-viewfinder, reason for which the proposed device is completely adapted.
- The integrated CCD matrix star finder on satellite making stellar registration measurements only a few times per orbit. The supercooler would only be activated if, over the years, the dark current increased too much.

Claims (3)

1. Dispositif de sur-refroidissement temporaire d'un détecteur refroidi en régime permanent dans une enceinte au moyen d'un premier refroidisseur, caractérisé en ce qu'un se­cond refroidisseur est mis temporairement en action pour pro­duire le sur-refroidissement requis sans entraîner d'échange thermique avec l'extérieur, ce résultat étant acquis par le fait que l'énergie thermique dissipée par ledit second refroi­disseur est absorbée par le passage de l'état solide à l'état liquide d'un matériau à changement de phase, choisi en fonction de la température de régime permanent et disposé entre lesdits premier et second refroidisseurs, de sorte que le bilan énergétique total est nul et que l'environnement extérieur n'est pas thermiquement perturbé tant que la durée du sur-refroidissement n'excède pas la durée d'absorption dudit matériau à changement de phase.1. Device for temporary super-cooling of a detector cooled in steady state in an enclosure by means of a first cooler, characterized in that a second cooler is temporarily activated to produce the required super-cooling without causing d heat exchange with the outside, this result being acquired by the fact that the thermal energy dissipated by said second cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the liquid state of a phase change material, chosen as a function of the steady-state temperature and disposed between said first and second coolers, so that the total energy balance is zero and that the external environment is not thermally disturbed as long as the duration of super-cooling does not exceed the absorption time of said phase change material. 2. Dispositif de sur-refroidissement selon la revendi­cation 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits refroidisseurs sont à effet Peltier.2. A super-cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that said coolers are Peltier effect. 3. Dispositif de sur-refroidissement selon la revendi­cation 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau à changement de phase est de l'eau si la température de régime permanent est de 0°C et du tétradécane si la température de régime permanent est de 5°C.3. A super-cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that said phase change material is water if the steady state temperature is 0 ° C and tetradecane if the steady state temperature is 5 ° C.
EP88202855A 1987-12-18 1988-12-13 Device for the temporary overcooling of a cooled detector Expired - Lifetime EP0322028B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8717713 1987-12-18
FR8717713A FR2624956B1 (en) 1987-12-18 1987-12-18 TEMPORARY SUPERCOOLING DEVICE OF A COOLED DETECTOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0322028A1 true EP0322028A1 (en) 1989-06-28
EP0322028B1 EP0322028B1 (en) 1992-03-25

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EP88202855A Expired - Lifetime EP0322028B1 (en) 1987-12-18 1988-12-13 Device for the temporary overcooling of a cooled detector

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4991399A (en)
EP (1) EP0322028B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01202688A (en)
DE (1) DE3869581D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2624956B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0667498A1 (en) * 1992-11-05 1995-08-16 Tovarischestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju " Libratsia" Method of cooling a unit of a cascade thermopile

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993016667A1 (en) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-02 Implemed, Inc. Cryogenic probe
US5277030A (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-01-11 Welch Allyn, Inc. Preconditioning stand for cooling probe
US5343368A (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-08-30 Welch Allyn, Inc. Thermally neutral portable power sources
US20060088271A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Nanocoolers, Inc. Transient thermoelectric cooling of optoelectronic devices
GB2543549B (en) * 2015-10-21 2020-04-15 Andor Tech Limited Thermoelectric Heat pump system

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DE1126426B (en) * 1960-03-08 1962-03-29 Philips Nv Small cooling device with a Peltier cooling arrangement
GB911619A (en) * 1960-10-03 1962-11-28 Licentia Gmbh Improvements in and relating to thermo-electric cooling devices
US3070964A (en) * 1961-06-12 1963-01-01 Gen Electric Method of operating thermoelectric cooling unit
DE1601036A1 (en) * 1967-11-17 1970-06-11 Johann Koettermann Electrothermal deep freezing equipment
US4253515A (en) * 1978-09-29 1981-03-03 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Integrated circuit temperature gradient and moisture regulator
EP0027626A2 (en) * 1979-10-18 1981-04-29 Robert Moracchioli Device, panel and method for heating, cooling, air conditioning or humidity control of an industrial or commercial locality
US4279292A (en) * 1978-09-29 1981-07-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Charge coupled device temperature gradient and moisture regulator
US4375157A (en) * 1981-12-23 1983-03-01 Borg-Warner Corporation Downhole thermoelectric refrigerator
DE3205549A1 (en) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-25 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Cooling device
DE3528731A1 (en) * 1985-08-08 1986-03-27 Wolfgang 1000 Berlin Wasserthal Thermoelectric cooling installation
US4662180A (en) * 1986-08-27 1987-05-05 Menocal Serafin G Isothermally heatsunk diffusion cloud chamber refrigerator

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US4066365A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-01-03 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Temperature control apparatus
JPS5847990A (en) * 1981-09-17 1983-03-19 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The Heat accumulating tank
DE3238535A1 (en) * 1982-10-18 1984-04-19 Planer Products Ltd., Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex Process and apparatus for controlled cooling of a product
US4512758A (en) * 1984-04-30 1985-04-23 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Thermoelectric temperature control assembly for centrifuges
US4833889A (en) * 1988-06-17 1989-05-30 Microluminetics Thermoelectric refrigeration apparatus

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1126426B (en) * 1960-03-08 1962-03-29 Philips Nv Small cooling device with a Peltier cooling arrangement
GB911619A (en) * 1960-10-03 1962-11-28 Licentia Gmbh Improvements in and relating to thermo-electric cooling devices
US3070964A (en) * 1961-06-12 1963-01-01 Gen Electric Method of operating thermoelectric cooling unit
DE1601036A1 (en) * 1967-11-17 1970-06-11 Johann Koettermann Electrothermal deep freezing equipment
US4253515A (en) * 1978-09-29 1981-03-03 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Integrated circuit temperature gradient and moisture regulator
US4279292A (en) * 1978-09-29 1981-07-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Charge coupled device temperature gradient and moisture regulator
EP0027626A2 (en) * 1979-10-18 1981-04-29 Robert Moracchioli Device, panel and method for heating, cooling, air conditioning or humidity control of an industrial or commercial locality
US4375157A (en) * 1981-12-23 1983-03-01 Borg-Warner Corporation Downhole thermoelectric refrigerator
DE3205549A1 (en) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-25 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Cooling device
DE3528731A1 (en) * 1985-08-08 1986-03-27 Wolfgang 1000 Berlin Wasserthal Thermoelectric cooling installation
US4662180A (en) * 1986-08-27 1987-05-05 Menocal Serafin G Isothermally heatsunk diffusion cloud chamber refrigerator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 7, no. 133 (M-221)[1278], 10 juin 1983, page 48 M 221; & JP-A-58 47 990 (FURUKAWA DENKI KOGYO K.K.) 19-03-1983 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0667498A1 (en) * 1992-11-05 1995-08-16 Tovarischestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju " Libratsia" Method of cooling a unit of a cascade thermopile
EP0667498A4 (en) * 1992-11-05 1996-01-17 Libratsiya Too Method of cooling a unit of a cascade thermopile.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01202688A (en) 1989-08-15
DE3869581D1 (en) 1992-04-30
FR2624956A1 (en) 1989-06-23
FR2624956B1 (en) 1990-06-22
EP0322028B1 (en) 1992-03-25
US4991399A (en) 1991-02-12

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