EP0275934A2 - Emergency protection hood - Google Patents
Emergency protection hood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0275934A2 EP0275934A2 EP88100486A EP88100486A EP0275934A2 EP 0275934 A2 EP0275934 A2 EP 0275934A2 EP 88100486 A EP88100486 A EP 88100486A EP 88100486 A EP88100486 A EP 88100486A EP 0275934 A2 EP0275934 A2 EP 0275934A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hood
- protective hood
- nonwoven fabric
- breathing
- hood according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
- A62B17/04—Hoods
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/35—Respirators and register filters
Abstract
Eine Schutzhaube für den Notfall, die teilweise aus einer durchlässigen, staubförmige Schadstoffe zurückhaltenden Bahn (2) geformt ist, mindestens im Augenbereich einen aus einem durchsichtigen Werkstoff bestehenden Abschnitt (1) aufweist und eine Innenhalbmaske (3) mit einem Atemlufteintritt (4) und einem Ausatemventil (5) besitzt, soll bezüglich der Verringerung des Einatemwiderstandes und Erweiterung des Schutzes vor schädigenden gasförmigen Bestandteilen verbessert werden. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Bahn (2) aus einem Vliesstoff besteht, der mit einer auch gasförmige Schadstoffe zurückhaltenden Präparierung versehen ist, und daß als Atemlufteintritt ein Einatemventil (4) vorgesehen ist.A protective hood for emergencies, which is partially formed from a permeable, dust-like pollutant-retaining sheet (2), has a section (1) consisting of a transparent material at least in the eye area and an inner half mask (3) with a breathing air inlet (4) and a Exhalation valve (5) has to be improved with regard to reducing the inhalation resistance and extending protection against harmful gaseous components. This is achieved in that the web (2) consists of a nonwoven fabric which is provided with a preparation which also retains gaseous pollutants, and in that an inhalation valve (4) is provided as the breathing air inlet.
Description
Beschreibung D r ä g e r w e r k Aktiengesellschaft Moislinger Allee 53-55, 2400 Lübeck, DE Schutzhaube für den Notfall Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schutzhaube für den Notfall, die teilweise aus einer durchlässigen, staubförmige Schadstoffe zurückhaltenden Bahn geformt ist, mindestens im Augenbereich einen aus einem durchsichtigen Werkstoff bestehenden Abschnitt aufweist und eine Innenhalbmaske mit einem Atemlufteintritt und einem Ausatemventil besitzt.Description D rä gerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Moislinger Allee 53-55, 2400 Lübeck, DE Protective cover for emergencies The invention relates to a protective cover for emergencies, which is partly formed from a permeable, dust-like contaminant-retaining sheet, at least in the eye area from a transparent material has existing section and has an inner half mask with a breathing air inlet and an exhalation valve.
Eine derartige Schutzhaube ist aus der US-A-2 435 167 bekanntgeworden.Such a protective hood has become known from US-A-2 435 167.
Schutzhauben für den Notfall werden vorzugsweise bei der Rettung von Personen aus brandgefährdeten Räumen benutzt, in denen im Brandfall Rauch- und Staubentwicklung auftritt, sie dienen aber auch dem Atemschutz von Flugpassagieren, die im Dekompressionsfall in der Passagierkabine oder bei Ausbruch eines Feuers einer zusätzlichen Atemunterstützung bedürfen, sei es durch Schutz vor atembaren Schadstoffen und/oder durch Anreicherung der Atemluft mit Sauerstoff.Protective covers for emergencies are preferably used when rescuing people from fire-endangered rooms in which smoke and dust develop in the event of a fire, but they also serve as respiratory protection for flight passengers who require additional breathing support in the passenger cabin in the event of decompression or if a fire breaks out , be it by protection against breathable pollutants and / or by enriching the breathing air with oxygen.
Die bekannte Schutzhaube besteht aus einem Material, welches luft- und wasserdampfdurchlässig ist, jedoch Staub zurückhält. Sie besitzt eine Innenhalbmaske mit einer Einlaßöffnung, die in den Innenraum der Haube mündet und über welche der Haubenträger die Luft einatmen kann. Die Ausatmung erfolgt über ein Ausatemventil, welches von der Innenhalbmaske ausgehend in die Umgebung mündet. Um auch feinste Stäube, die möglicherweise durch die Zwischenräume der Haube gedrungen sein könnten, von den Atemwegen des Haubenträgers fernzuhalten, ist die Einlaßöffnung mit einem weiteren Staubfilter versehen. Um eine Pendelatmung in den Haubenraum zu unterdrücken, muß der Strömungswiderstand dieser Einlaßöffnung deutlich größer sein als derjenige des Ausatemventils. Dadurch wird die Atmung erschwert.The known protective hood consists of a material that is permeable to air and water vapor, however Holds back dust. It has an inner half mask with an inlet opening which opens into the interior of the hood and through which the hood wearer can breathe the air. The exhalation takes place via an exhalation valve, which opens into the surroundings from the inner half mask. In order to keep even the finest dusts, which could possibly have penetrated through the interstices of the hood, away from the airways of the hood wearer, the inlet opening is provided with a further dust filter. In order to suppress pendulum breathing in the hood space, the flow resistance of this inlet opening must be significantly greater than that of the exhalation valve. This makes breathing difficult.
Bei der bekannten Schutzhaube ist es von Nachteil, daß sie den Haubenträger lediglich gegen Stäube zu schützen vermag, wobei zur Zurückhaltung feinster Stäube eine Einlaßöffnung mit erheblichem Einatemwiderstand benötigt wird. Ein Schutz vor gasförmigen Schadstoffen, die das Haubengewebe durchdringen und dann Augen und Haut reizen sowie die Atmung schädigen können, ist nicht gegeben. Die ausladende Bauform von Einatemöffnung und Auslaßventil verhindert ein raumsparendes Verpacken der gesamten Haube und ist daher bei den bekannt engen Platzverhältnissen im Flugzeug oder am Benutzer selbst hinderlich.In the known protective hood, it is disadvantageous that it can only protect the hood carrier against dusts, an inlet opening with considerable breathing resistance being required to retain the finest dusts. Protection against gaseous pollutants that penetrate the hood fabric and then irritate the eyes and skin and damage the breathing is not provided. The protruding design of the inhalation opening and the outlet valve prevents the entire hood from being packed in a space-saving manner and is therefore a hindrance in the known confined spaces in the aircraft or on the user himself.
Eine weitere Schutzhaube ist aus der DE-OS 31 38 697 bekannt.Another protective hood is known from DE-OS 31 38 697.
Diese Schutzhaube dient zur vollständigen Abdeckung des Kopfes und ist in Form einer Kapuze aus einem Gewebe gearbeitet, welches durch Einlagerung von Aktivkohle als Filter ausgebildet ist. Um zu verhindern, daß der Haubenkörper dicht an Nase und Mund des Haubenträgers anliegt und dann ein freies Atmen behindern würde bzw. an dieser Stelle der Haubenfläche, die dem Mund-Nasenbereich am nächsten liegt, durch übermäßiges Beatmen vorzeitig eine Erschöpfung der Schutzwirkung eintreten würde, ist ein kalottenförmiger Abstandhalter über dem Mund-Nasenbereich befestigbar. Die Atmung erfolgt durch die gesamte Oberfläche der Haube, wobei sowohl die Einatmung als auch die Ausatmung ungerichtet über den Zwischenraum zwischen Kopf des Haubenträgers und der Haube selbst erfolgt. Dabei entsteht ein unerwünscht hoher beatmeter Totraum, welcher bei länger andauernder Atemtätigkeit zu übermäßiger C02 und Wasserdampfanreicherung führt.This protective hood is used to completely cover the head and is made in the form of a hood made of a fabric that can be stored by Activated carbon is designed as a filter. In order to prevent the hood body from resting tightly against the nose and mouth of the hood wearer and then hindering free breathing or, at this point on the hood surface which is closest to the area of the mouth and nose, the protective effect would be prematurely exhausted by excessive ventilation. a dome-shaped spacer can be attached over the mouth-nose area. Breathing takes place through the entire surface of the hood, with both inhalation and exhalation taking place undirected via the space between the head of the hood wearer and the hood itself. This creates an undesirably high ventilated dead space, which leads to excessive C02 and water vapor accumulation with long-term breathing activity.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schutzhaube der genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß ihr Einatemwiderstand bei geringem beatmeten Totraum verringert wird, ihre Bauhöhe und ihr Gewicht verkleinert und ihr Einsatzbereich auch auf Schutz vor schädigenden Gasen sowohl der Atemwege als auch der Kopfoberfläche erweitert wird.The present invention is therefore based on the object of improving a protective hood of the type mentioned in such a way that its breathing resistance is reduced with a small ventilated dead space, its height and weight are reduced and its area of use also for protection against harmful gases of the respiratory tract and the surface of the head is expanded.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt dadurch, daß die Bahn aus einem Vliesstoff besteht, der mit einer auch gasförmige Schadstoffe zurückhaltenden Präparierung versehen ist, und daß als Atemlufteintritt ein Einatemventil vorgesehen ist.The object is achieved in that the web consists of a nonwoven fabric which is provided with a preparation which also retains gaseous pollutants, and in that an inhalation valve is provided as the breathing air inlet.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile liegen im wesentlichen darin, daß nunmehr der großflächige widerstandsarme Vliesstoff als alleiniges Filter genügt und ein geringer Einatemwiderstand durch das leicht ansprechende Einatemventil erreicht wird. Das Einatemventil verhindert einen Übertritt von Ausatemluft in den Haubenraum als Totraum, der dort zu gefährlicher C02-Anreicherung und Sauerstoff-Verarmung des Einatemstromes führen könnte. Die Schutzwirkung der filternden Bahn ist auf zusätzliche gasförmige Schadstoffe je nach Wahl der Imprägnierung erweitert worden. Damit ist auch der Kopfbereich vor diesen schädigenden Umwelteinflüssen geschützt. Da außer der zusammenlegbaren Filterbahn keine weiteren sperrigen Filter vorhanden sind, bildet die Schutzhaube in der Bereitschaft ein handliches, leicht mitführbares Notfall-Päckchen.The advantages achieved with the invention are essentially that now the large-area, low-resistance nonwoven fabric as the sole filter is sufficient and a low inhalation resistance is achieved through the easily responding inhalation valve. The inhalation valve prevents exhaled air from entering the hood space as a dead space, which could lead to dangerous C02 enrichment and oxygen depletion of the inhalation flow. The protective effect of the filtering web has been expanded to include additional gaseous pollutants depending on the choice of impregnation. This also protects the head area from these damaging environmental influences. Since there are no other bulky filters apart from the collapsible filter sheet, the protective cover is ready to form a handy, easy-to-carry emergency package.
Eine besonders wirksame Präparierung kann darin bestehen, daß der Vliesstoff mit Aktivkohle oder Aluminiumoxid durchsetzt ist, die mit einer Imprägnierung versehen sind. Die Aktivkohle kann dabei aus eingearbeitetem körnigen Material oder auch aus eingebundenen Aktivkohlefasern bestehen. Die Verwendung von Aktivkohlefasern bietet den Vorteil, daß sie sowohl als Gewebestruktur als auch vliesartig in die Haube eingearbeitet werden können und somit selbsttragende Funktion ausüben.A particularly effective preparation can consist in that the nonwoven fabric is permeated with activated carbon or aluminum oxide, which are provided with an impregnation. The activated carbon can consist of incorporated granular material or also of integrated activated carbon fibers. The use of activated carbon fibers has the advantage that they can be incorporated into the hood both as a fabric structure and as a fleece and thus have a self-supporting function.
Der Vliesstoff kann zur Ausfilterung von beispielsweise Blausäure mit einer Kupfer-Chromund/oder Zink-Imprägnierung versehen sein. Für einen Schutz vor Kohlenstoffmonoxid kann eine Imprägnierung mit Edelmetallen aus der Pt-Gruppe vorgesehen sein.The nonwoven fabric can be provided with a copper-chromium and / or zinc impregnation to filter out, for example, hydrocyanic acid. For protection against carbon monoxide, impregnation with noble metals from the Pt group can be provided.
In solchen Fällen, in denen zusätzlich mit einem Sauerstoffmangel gerechnet werden muß, ist eine Anreicherung des Atemgases mit Sauerstoff wünschenswert. Dazu wird die Innenhalbmaske der Schutzhaube mit einem zusätzlichen, ein Schaltventil besitzenden Anschlußstück versehen, an welches eine Atemgasversorgung anschließbar ist. Bei Benutzung der Schutzhaube als reines Filtergerät ist das Anschlußstück durch das Schaltventil gegen das Eindringen ungereinigter Außenluft verschlossen, während es bei Anschluß einer Atemgasversorgung geöffnet ist.In such cases, in which an oxygen deficiency must also be expected, an enrichment of the breathing gas with oxygen is required desirable. For this purpose, the inner half mask of the protective hood is provided with an additional connecting piece which has a switching valve and to which a respiratory gas supply can be connected. When using the protective hood as a purely filter device, the connection piece is closed by the switching valve against the ingress of unpurified outside air, while it is open when a breathing gas supply is connected.
Bei Bedarf kann der Haubenträger eine äußere Sauerstoffquelle als Atemgasversorgung an die Halbmaske anschließen, wie sie beispielsweise in dem Bordnetz eines Flugzeuges zur Verfügung steht, oder bei Benutzung der Haube unter Tage im Bergbau kann dafür eine tragbare Sauerstoffquelle mitgeführt werden. Somit ist die Halbmaske sowohl für die Anreicherung der Atemluft mit Sauerstoff einsetzbar, als auch für den Fluchtfall aus brandgefährdeten oder mit Schadstoffen angereicherten Räumen verwendbar, wie es beispielsweise während der Rettung aus brennenden Flugzeugen oder auch bei Hotelbränden erforderlich ist.If necessary, the hood wearer can connect an external oxygen source to the half mask as a breathing gas supply, such as is available, for example, in the electrical system of an aircraft, or if the hood is used underground in mining, a portable oxygen source can be carried for this purpose. The half mask can therefore be used both for enriching the breathing air with oxygen and for escaping from rooms that are at risk of fire or enriched with pollutants, as is required, for example, during rescues from burning airplanes or in the case of hotel fires.
Das Schaltventil kann vorzugsweise so ausgebildet sein, daß durch Ankuppeln der Atemgasversorgung der Gasweg in die Innenhalbmaske geöffnet wird, und es mit dem Abkuppeln der Atemgasversorgung den Durchtritt von Umgebungsluft verhindert. Durch diese zwangsläufige Verbindung der Ventilschaltung mit dem Kuppelvorgang ist gesichert, daß es auch unter Panik in Notsituationen nicht zu folgenschweren Fehlschaltungen kommt.The switching valve can preferably be designed such that the gas path into the inner half mask is opened by coupling the breathing gas supply, and it prevents the passage of ambient air when the breathing gas supply is disconnected. This inevitable connection of the valve circuit with the coupling process ensures that even under panic in emergency situations there are no serious switching errors.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der schematischen Darstellung gezeigt und im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 die Ansicht einer Schutzhaube mit Filtervlies,
- Fig. 2 die Schutzhaube mit angeschlossener Sauerstoffversorgung,
- Fig. 3 einen Schnitt durch den Maskenbereich nach Fig. 2. In
Figur 1 ist die über den Kopf eines Trägers gestülpte Schutzhaube (1) aus durchsichtigem Material mit einer aus Vliesstoff bestehenden Bahn (2) versehen, welche sich im Bereich einer die Nase und den Mund des Trägers abdeckenden Innenhalbmaske (3) erstreckt. Die Innenhalbmasxe (3) ist des deutlicheren Verständnisses wegen durch die Bahn (2) durchscheinend gezeichnet. Sie ist mit einem Einatemventil (4) versehen, welches in den Zwischenraum zwischen Haube (1) und Kopf des Trägers mündet und eine Strömung vom Haubenraum ins Innere der Halbmaske (3) ermöglicht. Die Halbmaske (3) besitzt fernerhin ein in die Umgebung weisendes Ausatemventil (5), welches sich am Endstück (6) der Halbmaske (3) befindet, an das über einen Wulst (7) die Bahn (2) angearbeitet ist. Für einen festen Sitz der Halbmaske (3) sorgt eine Bänderung (8). Den dichtenden Abschluß der Haube (1) im Hals-Nackenbereich des Trägers besorgt ein Schnurzug (9), der durch eine Öse (10) geführt ist.
- 2 the protective hood with connected oxygen supply,
- 3 shows a section through the mask area according to FIG. 2. In FIG. 1, the protective hood (1), which is put over the head of a wearer and made of transparent material, is provided with a web (2) made of nonwoven fabric, which is located in the area of the nose and inner half mask (3) covering the mouth of the wearer. The inner half masxe (3) is shown translucently for the clearer understanding by the web (2). It is provided with an inhalation valve (4) which opens into the space between the hood (1) and the head of the wearer and enables a flow from the hood space into the interior of the half mask (3). The half mask (3) also has an exhalation valve (5) pointing into the surroundings, which is located on the end piece (6) of the half mask (3), to which the web (2) is worked by means of a bead (7). A strap (8) ensures a firm fit of the half mask (3). The sealing closure of the hood (1) in the neck and neck area of the wearer is provided by a cord (9) which is guided through an eyelet (10).
Die Haube (1) in der Figur 2 ist an dem Endstück (6) ihrer Innenhalbmaske (3) um ein Schaltventil (11) erweitert, an welches ein Atembeutel (12) angeschlossen ist, der über eine Versorgungsleitung (13) aus einer nicht dargestellten Gasquelle, wie Bordnetz, Flasche oder Chemikalpatrone, mit zusätzlichem Sauerstoff füllbar ist. Die Versorgungsleitung (13) ist an den Atembeutel (12) mit dem Stutzen (14) verbunden.The hood (1) in FIG. 2 is extended at the end piece (6) of its inner half mask (3) by a switching valve (11) to which a breathing bag (12) is connected, which can be filled with additional oxygen via a supply line (13) from a gas source, not shown, such as vehicle electrical system, bottle or chemical cartridge. The supply line (13) is connected to the nozzle (14) on the breathing bag (12).
Der Atembeutel (12) trägt eine Kupplungshülse (18), die über das Gehäuse (19) des Schaltventils (11) greift (siehe Fig. 3). Dabei wird durch einen in der Kupplungshülse (18) angeordneten Mitnehmer (15) ein federbelastetes Verschlußelement (16) geöffnet und gibt den Weg in den Innenraum der Halbmaske (3) frei. Ein Rückschlagventil (20) verhindert eine Rückatmung in den Atembeutel (12). Bei abgenommenem Atembeutel (12) drückt die Feder (17) den Verschluß (16) gegen seinen Sitz und verhindert ein Eindringen von Umgebungsluft in die Halbmaske (3) auch während der Einatemphase.The breathing bag (12) carries a coupling sleeve (18) which engages over the housing (19) of the switching valve (11) (see Fig. 3). A spring-loaded closure element (16) is opened by a driver (15) arranged in the coupling sleeve (18) and clears the way into the interior of the half mask (3). A check valve (20) prevents breathing back into the breathing bag (12). When the breathing bag (12) is removed, the spring (17) presses the closure (16) against its seat and prevents ambient air from penetrating into the half mask (3) even during the inhalation phase.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873701695 DE3701695A1 (en) | 1987-01-22 | 1987-01-22 | PROTECTIVE HOOD FOR EMERGENCY |
DE3701695 | 1987-01-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0275934A2 true EP0275934A2 (en) | 1988-07-27 |
EP0275934A3 EP0275934A3 (en) | 1989-06-14 |
EP0275934B1 EP0275934B1 (en) | 1991-08-14 |
Family
ID=6319244
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88100486A Expired - Lifetime EP0275934B1 (en) | 1987-01-22 | 1988-01-15 | Emergency protection hood |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4807614A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0275934B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0720497B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3701695A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2025705T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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WO1989002293A1 (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-03-23 | Karl Wingett Smith | Breathing apparatus |
FR2680468A1 (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1993-02-26 | Miaud Pierre | Hood (head bubble) for the evacuation of injured persons in a toxic atmosphere |
EP0876830A3 (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 2000-10-18 | Duram Rubber Products | Improved protective breathing mask |
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- 1988-01-15 ES ES198888100486T patent/ES2025705T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-15 EP EP88100486A patent/EP0275934B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-22 US US07/147,279 patent/US4807614A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3701695C2 (en) | 1991-06-27 |
US4807614A (en) | 1989-02-28 |
JPH0720497B2 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
EP0275934A3 (en) | 1989-06-14 |
DE3864151D1 (en) | 1991-09-19 |
ES2025705T3 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
DE3701695A1 (en) | 1988-08-04 |
EP0275934B1 (en) | 1991-08-14 |
JPS63192463A (en) | 1988-08-09 |
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