EP0257376B2 - Electronic locking system comprising at least a lock, particularly for motor cars - Google Patents

Electronic locking system comprising at least a lock, particularly for motor cars Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257376B2
EP0257376B2 EP19870111270 EP87111270A EP0257376B2 EP 0257376 B2 EP0257376 B2 EP 0257376B2 EP 19870111270 EP19870111270 EP 19870111270 EP 87111270 A EP87111270 A EP 87111270A EP 0257376 B2 EP0257376 B2 EP 0257376B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmission
marker
sequence
transmitter
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19870111270
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0257376A1 (en
EP0257376B1 (en
Inventor
Anton Dipl.-Ing. Bachhuber
Arnost Proske
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Siemens AG
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Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, Siemens AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP0257376A1 publication Critical patent/EP0257376A1/en
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Publication of EP0257376B1 publication Critical patent/EP0257376B1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G07C2009/00238—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks the transmittted data signal containing a code which is changed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
    • G07C2009/00785—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
    • G07C2209/06—Involving synchronization or resynchronization between transmitter and receiver; reordering of codes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/50—Special application
    • Y10T70/5889—For automotive vehicles
    • Y10T70/5973—Remote control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic Locking system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for post-synchronization according to the preamble of claim 9.
  • This type is an initialization by which in the reference provider a sequence of fiducial marks from the receiver and in the marker of the Transmitter an identical sequence of transmission markings is fixed.
  • the reference provider stands on one after initialization current reference mark that is identical to the current transmission marker of the marker is in the transmitter.
  • the two episodes are going on based on a stored algorithm and determined from start parameters that are random be determined.
  • the transmitter With each transmission process the transmitter enters Transmitting signal with a transmission marker, the e.g. from a luminescent diode in the infrared range is emitted.
  • the transmission signal is in the receiver converted into an electrical signal from which the recipient recovers the transmission marker, those in the receiver with one from the reference provider supplied reference mark is compared.
  • reference mark and send mark identical there is synchronization between transmitter and receiver in front, and the control device causes the lock to open.
  • a missing identity between fiducial mark and send marker can e.g. then occur when the transmitter emits a broadcast signal, that does not reach the recipient. In this case must have a re-synchronization of the reference transmitter be made in the receiver to the To cause the locking system to open the lock.
  • EP-A-0 128 457 becomes an additional one for post-synchronization Information housed in the broadcast signal from which the recipient can see which reference mark the recipient in the recipient resynchronized by the synchronization unit shall be. With the generation and evaluation the additional information is an additional effort connected without a higher security faces.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore if there is no synchronization between transmitters and receiver a resynchronization in easier and more reliable way to do so that an operation of the electronic Locking system by unauthorized persons with high Probability is avoided.
  • the receiver has a memory, e.g. one RAM, in which an excerpt from the sequence of Broadcast marks - called episode - that by pressing the transmitter several times is saved.
  • the recipient compares this broadcast sequence with a reference sequence that comes from consecutive delivered by a reference provider Reference marks exist on identity.
  • the reference sequence lies within a post-synchronization area, the over a neckline extends from the sequence of fiducial marks and begins with the fiducial mark which hits the first desynchronous broadcast mark.
  • the receiver places between the transmission sequence and the reference sequence within the post-synchronization area Identity, synchronizes the synchronization unit the reference to the last Broadcast marking the broadcast sequence, and that The locking system is locked by the control unit open.
  • a capture area at the beginning of the post-synchronization area can also be a relative short sequence of fiducials - catch order called - lie within which the synchronization unit first one for the received broadcast marker searches for an identical reference mark If an identical reference mark is found synchronized within the catch sequence Synchronizing unit within the reference transmitter very short time on the received broadcast marks to. Only if there is no identity between Send mark and reference mark within of the catch area, it is examined whether a reference sequence identical to the received transmission sequence in the remaining part of the post-synchronization area exists.
  • the following example shows the probability that an unauthorized person can open the lock with a transmitter (probability of break-in): If one assumes that a broadcast mark or reference mark consists of a dual word with 24 digits, a maximum of 2 24 different send markings or reference marks result. The probability that an unauthorized person accidentally finds a synchronous transmission mark is only 2 -24 , which is approximately equal to 5.96 x 10 -8 . If a catch sequence is, for example, 100 reference marks long, the value for the break-in probability is 5.96 x 10 -6 .
  • the burglary probability can further be humiliated.
  • a manual Adjustment of the length by the user e.g. a random generator in the synchronization unit of the recipient to be accommodated after each Post-synchronization the length of the capture area redefined.
  • the length of the reference sequence that the recipient for post-synchronization in the post-synchronization area with the received sequence checked by the recipient advantageously automatic, e.g. after each resynchronization, be reset.
  • the security of the procedure can be additional can be increased in that the length of the post-synchronization area - e.g. after every done Post-synchronization - automatically by the receiver is reset.
  • the variation of the post-synchronization area either via a calculation rule in the synchronization unit be determined or e.g. via a random generator are generated in the synchronization unit.
  • the receiver can also be a timer included that the recipient for a wait locks if resynchronization fails; the recipient does not respond to any of these waiting times Broadcast marker.
  • the authorized user of the This gives the locking system the opportunity the locking system after the waiting time without reinitialization with a new send marker to make it open.
  • the locking system of a motor vehicle a transmitter 1 and a Receiver 2, with a lock 3 of the motor vehicle connected and in the car nearby the interior mirror is housed.
  • the transmitter 1 has a trigger 12, e.g. one Push button, which triggers a trigger signal after manual actuation AS delivers to a marker 11, which is connected to the trigger 12.
  • a trigger 12 e.g. one Push button, which triggers a trigger signal after manual actuation AS delivers to a marker 11, which is connected to the trigger 12.
  • the marker generator 11 Excited by the trigger signal AS, the marker generator 11 generates an actual transmission marker SM i per actuation by means of an algorithm (FIG. 3), which consists of a dual word with 24 digits.
  • a low-consumption CMOS one-chip microcomputer is used as the marker 11, which outputs the transmission marker SM i as a binary signal to a modulator 13 which has a driver transistor. This switches the current through a luminescence diode 14 in time with the binary signal, which emits a transmission signal SI - to which the transmission marking SM i is modulated - as radiation in the infrared range to the receiver 2 in the motor vehicle.
  • the receiver 2 contains a phototransistor 21 as the receiving stage, which, when a transmission signal SI is received, forwards a signal corresponding thereto to a demodulator 22. At its output, this again delivers pulses corresponding to the transmission marking SM i , which are further processed by a microcomputer 23.
  • This essentially contains a microprocessor 230 which, through appropriate programming, acts as a synchronization unit.
  • RAM random access memory
  • timer 236, a control unit 237, a start switch 24 and an input switch 25 are connected to it via a BUS 231.
  • the tag memory processor 230 In the memory 232, hereinafter as the tag memory processor 230 the consecutive incoming broadcast marks SM from a transmission sequence SF.
  • the memory 233 serves as a reference transmitter and contains - controlled by the processor - an old value BM o and a new value BM i of the reference mark BM alternately in succession.
  • the new value (BM i ) x is generated from the old value (BM o ) x-1 according to an algorithm (FIG. This is generated during the initialization with the aid of a random generator 2301 contained in the microprocessor or is supplied by the memory 234 after a failed re-synchronization, which is therefore referred to below as the old value memory.
  • the last new value (BM i ) x-1 serves as the old value (BM o ) x-1 for determining the next new value (BM i ) x .
  • the receiver 2 has an input switch 25 with three switches connected to the BUS 231 are: With a tracing switch the length is of the capture area FB, with a reference follower the length of a reference sequence BF and with an area switch the length of the post-synchronization area NB adjustable.
  • the microcomputer 23 in the receiver 2 is connected to the transmitter 1 by means of a plug-in cable 6. Thereafter, the start switch 24 is manually operated for a random period of time which the random generator 2301 measures by counting up. After the start switch 24 has been released, the processor 230 supplies a binary random word of, for example, six bytes in length, the value of which depends on the actuation time of the start switch 24. The first three bytes of this random word form an old value for the reference mark BM and are stored in the reference transmitter 233. The last three bytes form a partial word HAZ, which is stored in memory 235 - hereinafter referred to as random memory.
  • This random word formed during the initialization (old value of the reference marking and partial word HAZ) is simultaneously loaded into the marking transmitter 11 of the transmitter 1 via the cable 6.
  • Each transmission signal SI emitted by the transmitter 1 therefore has a transmission marking SM i which is determined by the start parameters mentioned and an algorithm which is likewise identical for the transmitter and receiver.
  • each transmission mark SM i of a transmission signal from the microcomputer is stored in the marking memory 232, the capacity of which is dimensioned to accommodate all transmission marks of a transmission sequence.
  • a new value of the reference mark is formed, based on the aforementioned start parameters and the algorithm on the basis of which the transmission mark was generated in the transmitter. Therefore, as long as each transmission mark given by the sender reaches the recipient, the transmission mark and the new value of the reference mark are identical. If the microcomputer 23 detects this, it emits an opening signal OS to the lock 3 via the control unit 237 (synchronous case).
  • the computer 23 After receiving a transmission mark SM x , the computer 23 first checks whether the old value (BM o ) x-1 of the reference mark has the value zero or not. If this value is zero, a logical one is added to the first position of the content of the reference transmitter 233 (point G in FIG. 3).
  • the computer 23 checks whether the penultimate digit NLSB and the last digit LSB of (BM o ) x-1 together result in the number 10 or the number 01. If one of these numbers is present, the content of the reference transmitter 233 is shifted to the right by one position and a one is added to the first position MSB (point G in FIG. 3). If the number 10 or 01 is not available, the memory content of 233 is only shifted to the right by one digit.
  • the partial word HAZ from the random memory 235 is now added to the content of the reference transmitter 233.
  • the new value (BM i ) x of the reference mark is thus present in the reference transmitter 233.
  • the processor 230 Upon receipt of the first transmission marking SM x , it is stored in the marking memory 232 and the old value (BM o ) x-1 in the old value memory 234. The processor then causes the new value (BM i ) x of the reference mark to be generated in accordance with the algorithm according to FIG. 3 and stores it in the reference transmitter 233. The processor 230 then compares this new value with the send mark SM x for identity.
  • the processor 230 If the processor 230 has determined that there is no identity between the first transmission mark SM x and the first reference mark (BM i ) x , it examines whether within a catch sequence FF of m successive reference marks at the beginning of the post-synchronization area NB there is a - desynchronous - transmission mark SM x identical reference mark (BM i ) x + p exists. In order to generate successive reference marks (BM i ) x + p according to the algorithm according to FIG. 3, the loop labeled A in FIG. 4 is run through until either a reference mark identical to SM x has been found or the loop has been run through m times, which is equally significant with the end of the catch sequence.
  • a search is made for a reference mark that is identical to SM x in the part of the resynchronization area NB following the catch area FB.
  • the index standing on m is increased by 1 and then the reference markings (BM i ) - x + p according to FIG. 3 are generated in a loop labeled B in FIG. 4 - similar to loop A -.
  • This loop is exited as soon as a reference mark (BM i ) x + p identical to SM x is found or after y passes the end of the post-synchronization range is reached.
  • the processor causes the generation of the following reference mark (BM i ) x + p + 1 in accordance with the algorithm according to FIG. 3 and checks whether this reference mark corresponds to the Send marker SM x + 1 is identical. If this is the case, the resynchronization has been successful and the steps for opening the lock already described and starting at P are carried out.
  • the processor issues a set signal SW to the timer 236, which emits an acknowledgment signal QW after a programmed waiting time. Only then is the receiver ready to receive again. In the meantime between the failed resynchronization and delivery of the acknowledgment signal, however, the receiver is blocked, so that incoming send marks SM are not processed.
  • Processor 230 random generator 2301, memory 232 to 235 and control device 237 can in a functional unit, e.g. a one-chip microcomputer 23 with mask programmable ROM be summarized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektronische Schließanlange gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren zur Nachsynchronisation gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 9.The invention relates to an electronic Locking system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for post-synchronization according to the preamble of claim 9.

Grundlage des Betriebs von Schließanlagen dieser Art ist eine Initialisierung, durch die im Bezugsgeber des Empfängers eine Folge von Bezugsmarkierungen und im Markierungsgeber des Senders eine hierzu identische Folge von Sendemarkierungen fest vorgegeben wird. Der Bezugsgeber steht also nach der Initialisierung auf einer aktuellen Bezugsmarkierung, die identisch mit der aktuellen Sendemarkierung des Markierungsgebers im Sender ist. Die beiden Folgen werden dabei auf der Grundlage eines abgespeicherten Algorithmus und von Startparametern ermittelt, die per Zufallsprozeß festgelegt werden.Basis of the operation of locking systems This type is an initialization by which in the reference provider a sequence of fiducial marks from the receiver and in the marker of the Transmitter an identical sequence of transmission markings is fixed. The reference provider stands on one after initialization current reference mark that is identical to the current transmission marker of the marker is in the transmitter. The two episodes are going on based on a stored algorithm and determined from start parameters that are random be determined.

Bei jedem Sendevorgang gibt der Sender ein Sendesignal mit einer Sendemarkierung ab, das z.B. von einer Lumineszenzdiode im Infrarotbereich emittiert wird. Das Sendesignal wird im Empfänger in ein elektrisches Signal umgewandelt, aus dem der Empfänger die Sendemarkierung zurückgewinnt, die im Empfänger mit einer vom Bezugsgeber gelieferten Bezugsmarkierung verglichen wird. Sind Bezugsmarkierung und Sendemarkierung identisch, liegt eine Synchronisation zwischen Sender und Empfänger vor, und die Steuereinrichtung veranlaßt die Öffnung des Schlosses.With each transmission process the transmitter enters Transmitting signal with a transmission marker, the e.g. from a luminescent diode in the infrared range is emitted. The transmission signal is in the receiver converted into an electrical signal from which the recipient recovers the transmission marker, those in the receiver with one from the reference provider supplied reference mark is compared. Are reference mark and send mark identical, there is synchronization between transmitter and receiver in front, and the control device causes the lock to open.

Bei fehlender Identität zwischen Bezugsmarkierung und Sendemarkierung, stellt eine Synchronisiereinheit im Empfänger die Synchronisation zwischen Bezugsgeber und Markierungsgeber unter bestimmten Bedingungen wieder her (Nachsynchronisation).If there is no identity between the reference mark and send mark, provides a synchronization unit in the receiver the synchronization between References and markers under certain conditions (Post-synchronization).

Eine fehlende Identität zwischen Bezugsmarkierung und Sendemarkierung kann z.B. dann auftreten, wenn der Sender eine Sendesignal abgibt, das den Empfänger nicht erreicht. In diesem Fall muß eine Nachsynchronisation des Bezugsgebers im Empfänger vorgenommen werden, um die Schließanlage zum Öffnen des Schlosses zu veranlassen.A missing identity between fiducial mark and send marker can e.g. then occur when the transmitter emits a broadcast signal, that does not reach the recipient. In this case must have a re-synchronization of the reference transmitter be made in the receiver to the To cause the locking system to open the lock.

Bei einer bekannten Schließanlage (EP-A-0 128 457) wird zur Nachsynchronisation eine zusätzliche Information im Sendesignal untergebracht, aus der der Emfänger entnehmen kann, auf welche Bezugsmarkierung der Bezugsgeber im Empfänger durch die Synchronisiereinheit nachsynchronisiert werden soll. Mit der Erzeugung und Auswertung der Zusatzinformation ist ein zusätzlicher Aufwand verbunden, ohne daß dem eine höhere Sicherheit gegenübersteht.In a known locking system (EP-A-0 128 457) becomes an additional one for post-synchronization Information housed in the broadcast signal from which the recipient can see which reference mark the recipient in the recipient resynchronized by the synchronization unit shall be. With the generation and evaluation the additional information is an additional effort connected without a higher security faces.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, bei fehlender Synchronisation zwischen Sender und Empfänger eine Nachsynchronisation in einfacher und zuverlässiger Weise so durchzuführen, daß eine Betätigung der elektronischen Schließanlage durch Unberechtigte mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit vermieden wird.The object of the present invention is therefore if there is no synchronization between transmitters and receiver a resynchronization in easier and more reliable way to do so that an operation of the electronic Locking system by unauthorized persons with high Probability is avoided.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die in den Ansprüchen 1 und 9 gekennzeichneten Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by characterized in claims 1 and 9 Features resolved.

Der Empfänger hat einen Speicher, z.B. einen RAM, in dem ein Ausschnitt aus der Folge von Sendemarkierungen - Sendefolge genannt -, die durch mehrmaliges Betätigen des Senders gebildet wird, abgespeichert wird. Der Empfänger vergleicht diese Sendefolge mit einer Bezugsfolge, die aus aufeinanderfolgenden von einem Bezugsgeber gelieferten Bezugsmarkierungen besteht, auf Identität. Die Bezugsfolge liegt dabei innerhalb eines Nachsynchronisationsbereichs,der sich über einen Ausschnitt aus der Folge von Bezugsmarkierungen erstreckt und mit der Bezugsmarkierung beginnt, auf die die erste desynchrone Sendemarkierung trifft. Stellt der Empfänger zwischen der Sendefolge und der Bezugsfolge innerhalb des Nachsynchronisationsbereichs Identität fest, synchronisiert die Synchronisiereinheit den Bezugsgeber auf die letzte Sendemarkierung der Sendefolge nach, und das Schloß der Schließanlage wird durch die Steuereinheit geöffnet.The receiver has a memory, e.g. one RAM, in which an excerpt from the sequence of Broadcast marks - called episode - that by pressing the transmitter several times is saved. The recipient compares this broadcast sequence with a reference sequence that comes from consecutive delivered by a reference provider Reference marks exist on identity. The reference sequence lies within a post-synchronization area, the over a neckline extends from the sequence of fiducial marks and begins with the fiducial mark which hits the first desynchronous broadcast mark. The receiver places between the transmission sequence and the reference sequence within the post-synchronization area Identity, synchronizes the synchronization unit the reference to the last Broadcast marking the broadcast sequence, and that The locking system is locked by the control unit open.

In einem Fangbereich am Anfang des Nachsynchronisationsbereichs kann zusätzlich eine relativ kurze Folge von Bezugsmarkierungen - Fangfolge genannt - liegen, innerhalb der die Synchronisiereinheit zunächst eine zur empfangenen Sendemarkierung identische Bezugsmarkierung sucht Bei Feststellung einer identischen Bezugsmarkierung innerhalb der Fangfolge synchronisiert die Synchronisiereinheit den Bezugsgeber innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit auf die empfangenen Sendemarkierungen nach. Nur wenn keine Identität zwischen Sendemarkierung und Bezugsmarkierung innerhalb des Fangbereichs besteht, wird untersucht, ob eine zur empfangenen Sendefolge identische Bezugsfolge im verbleibenden Teil des Nachsynchronisationsbereichs existiert.In a capture area at the beginning of the post-synchronization area can also be a relative short sequence of fiducials - catch order called - lie within which the synchronization unit first one for the received broadcast marker searches for an identical reference mark If an identical reference mark is found synchronized within the catch sequence Synchronizing unit within the reference transmitter very short time on the received broadcast marks to. Only if there is no identity between Send mark and reference mark within of the catch area, it is examined whether a reference sequence identical to the received transmission sequence in the remaining part of the post-synchronization area exists.

Das folgende Beispiel zeigt, mit welcher Wahrscheinlichkeit ein Unberechtigter mit einem Sender das Schloß zu öffnen vermag (Einbrechwahrscheinlichkeit):
Geht man davon aus, daß eine Sendemarkierung bzw. Bezugsmarkierung aus einem dualen Wort mit 24 Stellen besteht, ergeben sich maximal 224 unterschiedliche Sendemarkierungen bzw. Bezugsmarkierungen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß ein Unberechtigter zufällig eine synchrone Sendemarkierung findet, beträgt also nur 2-24, ist also ungefähr gleich 5,96 x 10-8. Ist eine Fangfolge z.B. 100 Bezugsmarkierungen lang, ergibt sich für die Einbrechwahrscheinlichkeit ein Wert von 5,96 x 10-6. Setzt man die Länge des Nachsynchronisationsbereichs abzüglich der Länge der Fangfolge mit 1000 Bezugsmarkierungen an und ist die Sendefolge zwei Sendemarkierungen lang, ergibt sich für die Einbrechwahrscheinlichkeit ein Wert von (5,96 x 10-8)2 x 103 = 5,96 x 10-13. The following example shows the probability that an unauthorized person can open the lock with a transmitter (probability of break-in):
If one assumes that a broadcast mark or reference mark consists of a dual word with 24 digits, a maximum of 2 24 different send markings or reference marks result. The probability that an unauthorized person accidentally finds a synchronous transmission mark is only 2 -24 , which is approximately equal to 5.96 x 10 -8 . If a catch sequence is, for example, 100 reference marks long, the value for the break-in probability is 5.96 x 10 -6 . If one sets the length of the resynchronization area minus the length of the catch sequence with 1000 reference marks and if the transmission sequence is two transmission marks long, the value for the burglary probability is (5.96 x 10 -8th ) 2 x 10 3rd = 5.96 x 10 -13 ,

Durch eine Variation der Länge des Fangbereichs kann die Einbrechwahrscheinlichkeit weiter erniedrigt werden. Hierzu kann neben einer manuellen Einstellung der Länge durch den Benutzer z.B. ein Zufallsgenerator in der Synchronisiereinheit des Empfängers untergebracht sein, der nach jeder Nachsynchronisation die Länge des Fangbereichs neu bestimmt.By varying the length of the catch area the burglary probability can further be humiliated. In addition to a manual Adjustment of the length by the user e.g. a random generator in the synchronization unit of the recipient to be accommodated after each Post-synchronization the length of the capture area redefined.

Auch die Länge der Bezugsfolge, die der Empfänger zur Nachsynchronisation im Nachsynchronisationsbereich mit der empfangenen Sendefolge überprüft, kann vom Empfänger vorteilhafterweise selbsttätig, z.B. nach jeder erfolgten Nachsynchronisation, neu eingestellt werden.Also the length of the reference sequence that the recipient for post-synchronization in the post-synchronization area with the received sequence checked by the recipient advantageously automatic, e.g. after each resynchronization, be reset.

Die Sicherheit des Verfahrens kann zusätzlich dadurch erhöht werden, daß die Länge des Nachsynchronisationsbereichs - z.B. nach jeder erfolgten Nachsynchronisation - vom Empfänger automatisch neu eingestellt wird. Dabei kann die Variation des Nachsynchronisationsbereichs entweder über eine Rechenvorschrift in der Synchronisiereinheit festgelegt werden oder z.B. über einen Zufallsgenerator in der Synchronisiereinheit generiert werden.The security of the procedure can be additional can be increased in that the length of the post-synchronization area - e.g. after every done Post-synchronization - automatically by the receiver is reset. The variation of the post-synchronization area either via a calculation rule in the synchronization unit be determined or e.g. via a random generator are generated in the synchronization unit.

Der Empfänger kann zusätzlich ein Zeitgeber enthalten, das den Empfänger für eine Wartezeit sperrt, wenn eine Nachsynchronisation fehlschlägt; in dieser Wartzeit reagiert der Empfänger auf keine Sendemarkierung. Dem berechtigten Benutzer der Schließanlage ist dadurch die Möglichkeit gegeben, die Schließanlage nach Ablauf der Wartezeit ohne erneute Initialisierung durch eine neue Sendemarkierung zum Öffnen zu veranlassen.The receiver can also be a timer included that the recipient for a wait locks if resynchronization fails; the recipient does not respond to any of these waiting times Broadcast marker. The authorized user of the This gives the locking system the opportunity the locking system after the waiting time without reinitialization with a new send marker to make it open.

Weitere vorteilhafte Variationen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet.Further advantageous variations of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen,

FIG 1
die räumliche Zuordnung von Sender und Empfänger,
FIG 2
ein Blockschaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung,
FIG 3
ein Flußdiagramm, das einen Algorithmus zur Erzeugung einer Bezugsmarkierung wiedergibt, und
FIG 4
ein Flußdiagramm, das die Auswertung von Sendemarkierungen in Empfänger nach FIG 2 angibt.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the figures. Show it,
FIG. 1
the spatial assignment of sender and receiver,
FIG 2
2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the invention,
FIG 3
a flowchart representing an algorithm for generating a reference mark, and
FIG 4
a flowchart indicating the evaluation of transmit markers in the receiver of FIG 2.

Gemäß FIG 1 und FIG 2 hat die Schließanlage eines Kraftfahrzeuges einen Sender 1 und einen Empfänger 2, der mit einem Schloß 3 des Kraftfahrzeugs verbunden und im Kraftfahrzeug in Nähe des Innenspiegels untergebracht ist.According to FIG 1 and FIG 2, the locking system of a motor vehicle a transmitter 1 and a Receiver 2, with a lock 3 of the motor vehicle connected and in the car nearby the interior mirror is housed.

Der Sender 1 hat einen Auslöser 12, z.B. einen Taster, der nach manueller Betätigung ein Auslösesignal AS an einen Markierungsgeber 11 abgibt, der mit dem Auslöser 12 verbunden ist.The transmitter 1 has a trigger 12, e.g. one Push button, which triggers a trigger signal after manual actuation AS delivers to a marker 11, which is connected to the trigger 12.

Durch das Auslösesignal AS angeregt, erzeugt der Markierungsgeber 11 pro Betätigung mittels eines Algorithmus (FIG 3) eine aktuelle Sendemarkierung SMi, die aus einem dualen Wort mit 24 Stellen besteht. Als Markierungsgeber 11 ist ein verbrauchsarmer CMOS-Ein-Chip-Mikrocomputer eingesetzt, der die Sendemarkierung SMi als binäres Signal an einen Modulator 13 ausgibt, der einen Treibertransistor hat. Dieser schaltet im Takt des Binärsignals den Strom durch eine Lumineszenzdiode 14, die ein Sendesignal SI - dem damit die Sendemarkierung SMi aufmoduliert ist - als Strahlung im Infrarotbereich an den Empfänger 2 im Kraftfahrzeug emittiert.Excited by the trigger signal AS, the marker generator 11 generates an actual transmission marker SM i per actuation by means of an algorithm (FIG. 3), which consists of a dual word with 24 digits. A low-consumption CMOS one-chip microcomputer is used as the marker 11, which outputs the transmission marker SM i as a binary signal to a modulator 13 which has a driver transistor. This switches the current through a luminescence diode 14 in time with the binary signal, which emits a transmission signal SI - to which the transmission marking SM i is modulated - as radiation in the infrared range to the receiver 2 in the motor vehicle.

Der Empfänger 2 enthält als Empfangsstufe einen Fototransistor 21, der bei Empfang eines Sendesignals SI eine diesem entsprechendes Signal an einen Demodulator 22 weitergibt. Dieser liefert an seinem Ausgang wieder Impulse entsprechend der Sendemarkierung SMi, die von einem Mikrorechner 23 weiterverarbeitet werden. Dieser enthält im wesentlichen einen Mikroprozessor 230, der durch entsprechende Programmierung als Synchronisiereinheit wirkt. An ihn sind über einen BUS 231 vier Speicher (RAM) 232 bis 235, ein Zeitgeber 236, eine Steuereinheit 237, ein Startschalter 24 und ein Eingabeschalter 25 angeschlossen.The receiver 2 contains a phototransistor 21 as the receiving stage, which, when a transmission signal SI is received, forwards a signal corresponding thereto to a demodulator 22. At its output, this again delivers pulses corresponding to the transmission marking SM i , which are further processed by a microcomputer 23. This essentially contains a microprocessor 230 which, through appropriate programming, acts as a synchronization unit. Four memories (RAM) 232 to 235, a timer 236, a control unit 237, a start switch 24 and an input switch 25 are connected to it via a BUS 231.

In den Speicher 232, im folgenden als Markierungsspeicher bezeichnet, legt der Prozessor 230 die nacheinander eingehenden Sendemarkierungen SM einer Sendefolge SF ab.In the memory 232, hereinafter as the tag memory processor 230 the consecutive incoming broadcast marks SM from a transmission sequence SF.

Der Speicher 233 dient als Bezugsgeber und enthält - gesteuert durch den Prozessor - abwechselnd nacheinander einen Altwert BMo und einen Neuwert BMi der Bezugsmarkierung BM. Der Neuwert (BMi)x wird jeweils nach Empfang einer Sendemarkierung nach einem Algorithmus (FIG 3) aus dem Altwert (BMo)x-1 erzeugt. Dieser wird bei der Initialisierung mit Hilfe eines im Mikroprozessor enthaltenen Zufallsgenerators 2301 erzeugt oder nach einer fehlgeschlagenen Nachsynchronisation von dem Speicher 234 geliefert, der deshalb im folgenden als Altwertspeicher bezeichnet wird. Im synchronen Normalbetrieb und während des Versuchs einer Nachsynchronisation dient jeweils der letzte Neuwert (BMi)x-1 als Altwert (BMo)x-1 für die Ermittlung des nächsten Neuwertes (BMi)x.The memory 233 serves as a reference transmitter and contains - controlled by the processor - an old value BM o and a new value BM i of the reference mark BM alternately in succession. The new value (BM i ) x is generated from the old value (BM o ) x-1 according to an algorithm (FIG. This is generated during the initialization with the aid of a random generator 2301 contained in the microprocessor or is supplied by the memory 234 after a failed re-synchronization, which is therefore referred to below as the old value memory. In synchronous normal operation and while trying to re-synchronize, the last new value (BM i ) x-1 serves as the old value (BM o ) x-1 for determining the next new value (BM i ) x .

Der Empfänger 2 hat einen Eingabeschalter 25 mit drei Schaltern, die mit dem BUS 231 verbunden sind: Mit einem Fangfolgeschalter ist die Länge des Fangbereichs FB, mit einem Bezugsfolgeschalter die Länge einer Bezugsfolge BF und mit einem Bereichsschalter die Länge des Nachsynchronisationsbereichs NB einstellbar.The receiver 2 has an input switch 25 with three switches connected to the BUS 231 are: With a tracing switch the length is of the capture area FB, with a reference follower the length of a reference sequence BF and with an area switch the length of the post-synchronization area NB adjustable.

Zur Initialisierung der Schließanlage wird der Mikrorechner 23 im Empfänger 2 mittels eines steckbaren Kabels 6 mit dem Sender 1 verbunden. Danach wird der Startschalter 24 für eine zufällige Zeitdauer manuell betätigt, die der Zufallsgenerator 2301 durch Hochzählen mißt. Nach Freigabe des Startschalters 24 liefert der Prozessor 230 ein binäres Zufallswort von z.B. sechs Byte Länge, dessen Wert von der Betätigungszeit des Startschalters 24 abhängt. Die ersten drei Byte dieses Zufallswortes bilden einen Altwert für die Bezugsmarkierung BM und werden in dem Bezugsgeber 233 abgespeichert. Die letzten drei Byte bilden ein Teilwort HAZ, das im Speicher 235 - nachfolgend Zufallsspeicher genannt - abgespeichert wird. Dieses bei der Initialisierung gebildete Zufallswort (Altwert der Bezugsmarkierung und Teilwort HAZ) wird gleichzeitig über das Kabel 6 in den Markierungsgeber 11 des Senders 1 geladen. Jedes vom Sender 1 abgegebene Sendesignal SI hat daher eine Sendemarkierung SMi, die durch die genannten Startparameter und einen Algorithmus bestimmt ist, der ebenfalls für Sender und Empfänger identisch ist.To initialize the locking system, the microcomputer 23 in the receiver 2 is connected to the transmitter 1 by means of a plug-in cable 6. Thereafter, the start switch 24 is manually operated for a random period of time which the random generator 2301 measures by counting up. After the start switch 24 has been released, the processor 230 supplies a binary random word of, for example, six bytes in length, the value of which depends on the actuation time of the start switch 24. The first three bytes of this random word form an old value for the reference mark BM and are stored in the reference transmitter 233. The last three bytes form a partial word HAZ, which is stored in memory 235 - hereinafter referred to as random memory. This random word formed during the initialization (old value of the reference marking and partial word HAZ) is simultaneously loaded into the marking transmitter 11 of the transmitter 1 via the cable 6. Each transmission signal SI emitted by the transmitter 1 therefore has a transmission marking SM i which is determined by the start parameters mentioned and an algorithm which is likewise identical for the transmitter and receiver.

Im Empfänger wird jede Sendemarkierung SMi eines Sendesignals vom Mikrorechner in dem Markierungsspeicher 232 abgelegt, dessen Kapazität zur Aufnahme aller Sendemarkierungen einer Sendefolge bemessen ist. Mit Empfang der ersten Sendemarkierung SMi nach der Initialisierung wird ein Neuwert der Bezugsmarkierung gebildet, und zwar ausgehend von den zuvor erwähnten Startparametern und dem Algorithmus, auf deren Basis die Sendemarkierung im Sender erzeugt wurde. Solange daher jede vom Sender abgegebene Sendemarkierung auch den Empfänger erreicht, sind Sendemarkierung und Neuwert der Bezugsmarkierung identisch. Stellt dies der Mikrorechner 23 fest, gibt er über die Steuereinheit 237 ein Öffnungssignal OS an das Schloß 3 ab (Synchronfall).In the receiver, each transmission mark SM i of a transmission signal from the microcomputer is stored in the marking memory 232, the capacity of which is dimensioned to accommodate all transmission marks of a transmission sequence. Upon receipt of the first transmission mark SM i after initialization, a new value of the reference mark is formed, based on the aforementioned start parameters and the algorithm on the basis of which the transmission mark was generated in the transmitter. Therefore, as long as each transmission mark given by the sender reaches the recipient, the transmission mark and the new value of the reference mark are identical. If the microcomputer 23 detects this, it emits an opening signal OS to the lock 3 via the control unit 237 (synchronous case).

Anhand von FIG 3 wird ein Algorithmus zur Erzeugung des Neuwertes BMi der Bezugsmarkierung aus dem jeweiligen Altwert BMo mit Hilfe des Rechners 23 erläutert.3, an algorithm for generating the new value BM i of the reference mark from the respective old value BM o is explained with the aid of the computer 23.

Nach Erhalt einer Sendemarkierung SMx überprüft der Rechner 23 zunächst, ob der Altwert (BMo)x-1 der Bezugsmarkierung den Wert Null hat oder nicht. Ist dieser Wert gleich Null, wird zur ersten Stelle des Inhaltes des Bezugsgebers 233 eine logische Eins addiert (Punkt G in FIG 3).After receiving a transmission mark SM x , the computer 23 first checks whether the old value (BM o ) x-1 of the reference mark has the value zero or not. If this value is zero, a logical one is added to the first position of the content of the reference transmitter 233 (point G in FIG. 3).

Ist (BMo)x-1 dagegen ungleich Null, überprüft der Rechner 23, ob die vorletzte Stelle NLSB und die letzte Stelle LSB von (BMo)x-1 zusammen die Zahl 10 oder die Zahl 01 ergeben. Liegt eine dieser Zahlen vor, wird der Inhalt des Bezugsgebers 233 um eine Stelle nach rechts verschoben und eine Eins zur ersten Stelle MSB hinzuaddiert (Punkt G in FIG 3). Liegt die Zahl 10 oder 01 nicht vor, wird der Speicherinhalt von 233 nur um eine Stelle nach rechts verschoben.On the other hand, if (BM o ) x-1 is not equal to zero, the computer 23 checks whether the penultimate digit NLSB and the last digit LSB of (BM o ) x-1 together result in the number 10 or the number 01. If one of these numbers is present, the content of the reference transmitter 233 is shifted to the right by one position and a one is added to the first position MSB (point G in FIG. 3). If the number 10 or 01 is not available, the memory content of 233 is only shifted to the right by one digit.

Zum Inhalt des Bezugsgebers 233 wird jetzt das Teilwort HAZ aus dem Zufallsspeicher 235 hinzuaddiert. Damit liegt im Bezugsgeber 233 der Neuwert (BMi)x der Bezugsmarkierung vor.The partial word HAZ from the random memory 235 is now added to the content of the reference transmitter 233. The new value (BM i ) x of the reference mark is thus present in the reference transmitter 233.

FIG 4 zeigt die Programmschritte zur Auswertung von Sendemarkierungen SMx im Empfänger 2. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, daß eine Sendefolge SF zwei Sendemarkierungen SM und eine Bezugsfolge BF zwei Bezugsmarkierungen BM lang ist. Die entsprechenden Schalter des Eingabeschalters 25 sind also auf den Wert 2 eingestellt.4 shows the program steps for evaluating transmission marks SM x in the receiver 2. It is assumed that a transmission sequence SF is two transmission marks SM and a reference sequence BF is two reference marks BM. The corresponding switches of the input switch 25 are therefore set to the value 2.

Mit Empfang der ersten Sendemarkierung SMx wird diese im Markierungsspeicher 232 und der Altwert (BMo)x-1 im Altwertspeicher 234 abgelegt. Danach veranlaßt der Prozessor die Erzeugung des Neuwertes (BMi)x der Bezugsmarkierung gemäß Algorithmus nach FIG 3 und legt ihn im Bezugsgeber 233 ab. Anschließend vergleicht der Prozessor 230 diesen Neuwert mit der Sendemarkierung SMx auf Identität.Upon receipt of the first transmission marking SM x , it is stored in the marking memory 232 and the old value (BM o ) x-1 in the old value memory 234. The processor then causes the new value (BM i ) x of the reference mark to be generated in accordance with the algorithm according to FIG. 3 and stores it in the reference transmitter 233. The processor 230 then compares this new value with the send mark SM x for identity.

Ist diese Identität gegeben, sind als Sender und Empfänger synchron, verzweigt sich das Programm zum Punkt P: Danach gibt der Prozessor ein Synchronisiersignal SYN an die Steuereinrichtung 237 ab, die dann mit einem Öffnungssignal OS das Schloß 3 öffnet.If this identity is given, are as sender and receiver synchronously, the program branches to point P: Then the processor gives a synchronization signal SYN to the control device 237, which then with an opening signal OS lock 3 opens.

Hat der Prozessor 230 festgestellt, daß keine Identität zwischen der ersten Sendemarkierung SMx und der ersten Bezugsmarkierung (BMi)x gegeben ist, untersucht er, ob innerhalb einer Fangfolge FF von m aufeinanderfolgenden Bezugsmarken am Anfang des Nachsynchronisationsbereichs NB eine zur - desynchronen - Sendemarkierung SMx identische Bezugsmarkierung (BMi)x+p existiert. Zur Erzeugung aufeinanderfolgender Bezugsmarkierungen (BMi)x+p gemäß Algorithmus nach FIG 3 wird die in FIG 4 mit A bezeichnete Schleife so oft durchlaufen, bis entweder eine zu SMx identische Bezugsmarkierung gefunden oder die Schleife m-mal durchlaufen ist, was gleich bedeutend mit dem Ende der Fangfolge ist.If the processor 230 has determined that there is no identity between the first transmission mark SM x and the first reference mark (BM i ) x , it examines whether within a catch sequence FF of m successive reference marks at the beginning of the post-synchronization area NB there is a - desynchronous - transmission mark SM x identical reference mark (BM i ) x + p exists. In order to generate successive reference marks (BM i ) x + p according to the algorithm according to FIG. 3, the loop labeled A in FIG. 4 is run through until either a reference mark identical to SM x has been found or the loop has been run through m times, which is equally significant with the end of the catch sequence.

Wurde innerhalb der Fangfolge keine identische Bezugsmarkierung gefunden, und liegt bereits eine zweite Sendemarkierung SMx+1 vor, wird nach einer zu SMx identischen Bezugsmarkierung in dem an den Fangbereich FB anschließenden Teil des Nachsynchronisationsbreiches NB gesucht. Hierzu wird der auf m stehende Index um 1 erhöht und anschließend die Bezugsmarkierungen (BMi)-x+p gemäß FIG 3 in einer in FIG 4 mit B bezeichneten Schleife - ähnlich der Schleife A - erzeugt. Diese Schleife wird verlassen, sobald eine zu SMx identische Bezugsmarkierung (BMi)x+p gefunden ist oder nach y Durchläufen das Ende des Nachsynchronisationsbereiches erreicht ist. If no identical reference mark was found within the catch sequence and there is already a second transmission mark SM x + 1 , a search is made for a reference mark that is identical to SM x in the part of the resynchronization area NB following the catch area FB. For this purpose, the index standing on m is increased by 1 and then the reference markings (BM i ) - x + p according to FIG. 3 are generated in a loop labeled B in FIG. 4 - similar to loop A -. This loop is exited as soon as a reference mark (BM i ) x + p identical to SM x is found or after y passes the end of the post-synchronization range is reached.

Wird innerhalb des Nachsynchronisationsbereiches eine zu SMx identische Bezugsmarkierung (BMi)x+p gefunden, dann veranlaßt der Prozessor die Erzeugung der folgenden Bezugsmarkierung (BMi)x+p+1 gemäß Algorithmus nach FIG 3 und prüft, ob diese Bezugsmarkierung mit der Sendemarkierung SMx+1 identisch ist. Ist dies der Fall, ist die Nachsynchronisation gelungen und es werden die bereits beschriebenen und bei P beginnenden Schritte zum Öffnen des Schlosses vollzogen.If a reference mark (BM i ) x + p identical to SM x is found within the post-synchronization area, then the processor causes the generation of the following reference mark (BM i ) x + p + 1 in accordance with the algorithm according to FIG. 3 and checks whether this reference mark corresponds to the Send marker SM x + 1 is identical. If this is the case, the resynchronization has been successful and the steps for opening the lock already described and starting at P are carried out.

Wird dagegen innerhalb des Nachsynchronisationsbereiches keine zu SMx oder zu SMx+1 identische Bezugsmarkierung gefunden, ist die Nachsynchronisation gescheitert. In diesem Fall wird der bei Eingang der ersten Sendemarkierung im Altwertspeicher 234 gesicherte Altwert (BMo)x-1 der Bezugsmarkierung in den Bezugsgeber 233 geladen, so daß der Identitätsvergleich bei Eingang neuer Sendemarkierungen - z.B. vom berechtigten zugehörigen Sender - von dem Altwert (BMo)x-1 startet. Außerdem gibt der Prozessor ein Setzsignal SW an den Zeitgeber 236, der nach Ablauf einer programmierten Wartezeit ein Quittungssignal QW abgibt. Erst dann ist der Empfänger wieder empfangsbereit. In der Zwischenzeit zwischen fehlgeschlagener Nachsynchronisation und Abgabe des Quittungssignals ist dagegen der Empfänger gesperrt, so daß eingehende Sendemarkierungen SM nicht bearbeitet werden.If, on the other hand, no reference mark that is identical to SM x or SM x + 1 is found within the resynchronization area, the resynchronization has failed. In this case, the old value (BM o ) x-1 of the reference mark saved when the first send mark is received in the old value memory 234 is loaded into the reference transmitter 233, so that the identity comparison when new send marks are received - for example from the authorized associated sender - from the old value (BM o ) x-1 starts. In addition, the processor issues a set signal SW to the timer 236, which emits an acknowledgment signal QW after a programmed waiting time. Only then is the receiver ready to receive again. In the meantime between the failed resynchronization and delivery of the acknowledgment signal, however, the receiver is blocked, so that incoming send marks SM are not processed.

Prozessor 230, Zufallsgenerator 2301, Speicher 232 bis 235 und Steuereinrichtung 237 können in einer Funktionseinheit, z.B. einem Ein-Chip-Mikrorechner 23 mit maskenprogrammierbarem ROM zusammengefaßt sein.Processor 230, random generator 2301, memory 232 to 235 and control device 237 can in a functional unit, e.g. a one-chip microcomputer 23 with mask programmable ROM be summarized.

Claims (9)

  1. Electronic locking system having at least one lock (3), in particular for motor vehicles,
    having a transmitter (1) which, at each transmission operation, outputs a transmission signal (SI) which is modulated with a transmission marker (SM),
    having a marker signal transmitter (11) in the transmitter (1) which assigns each transmission signal (SI) a transmission marker (SMi) composed of a sequence of transmission markers (SM),
    having a receiver (2) which is equipped
    with a reference transmitter (233) which supplies a current reference marker (BMi) composed of a sequence of reference markers (BM) which is identical to the sequence of transmission markers (SM) of the transmitter (1) and which is made to progress to a new reference marker (BMi) of the sequence by each received transmission signal (SI),
    and having a control unit (237) which opens the lock (3), under the control of the synchronization unit (23), when there is identity between the transmission marker (SMi) and reference marker (BMi) (synchronization),
    having a synchronization unit (23) which, after each transmission signal (SI), compares the current transmission marker (SMi) of said transmission signal (SI) with the new value (BMi), supplied by the reference signal transmitter (233), of the reference marker and in the absence of identity restores the synchronization (resynchronization) of the transmitter (1) and receiver (2) if the transmission marker (SMi) and the new value of the reference marker lie within a resynchronization range (NB) which extends over a portion composed of the sequence of reference markers (BM),
       characterized
    in that the synchronization unit (23) has a marker memory (232) in which a transmission sequence (SF) which is composed of the transmission markers (SM) of n successive transmission signals (SI) is stored, and
    in that the synchronization unit (23) is configured in such a way that it resynchronizes the reference signal transmitter (233) to that reference marker (BMi) which is identical to the n-th signal marker (SM) of the transmission sequence (SF) if contained within the resynchronization range (NB) there is a reference sequence (BF) of n reference markers (BM) which is identical to the transmission sequence (SF).
  2. Electronic locking system according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the synchronization unit (23) resynchronizes the reference signal transmitter (233) when there is an absence of synchronization to a reference marker (BMi) which is identical to the received transmission marker (SMi) if this transmission marker (SMi) is present within a capture sequence (FF) of reference markers (BM) which extends over just one part of the resynchronization range (NB) at its beginning.
  3. Electronic locking system according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that the length of the capture sequence (FF) can be set in the receiver (2).
  4. Electronic locking system according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the length of the reference sequence (BF) can be set in the receiver (2).
  5. Electronic locking system according to one of the abovementioned claims, characterized in that the length of the resynchronization range (NB) can be set in the receiver (2).
  6. Electronic locking system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a timer (236) is provided in the receiver (2), said timer (236) being actuated by the synchronization unit (23) and disabling the receiver (2) during a waiting time if resynchronization is not possible within the resynchronization range (NB).
  7. Electronic locking system according to Claim 6,
    characterized
    in that an old value memory (234) is provided in which the respective last old value (BMo) of the reference marker is stored, and
    in that the synchronization unit (23) sets the reference signal transmitter (237) to this old value after resynchronization has failed.
  8. Receiver for an electronic locking system for at least one lock (3), in particular for a motor vehicle, characterized by
    a) a sensor (21) for picking up a transmission signal (SI),
    b) a reference signal transmitter (233) which supplies a reference marker (BMi) composed of a sequence of reference markers which is identical to the sequence of transmission markers (SM) of a transmitter (1) and which can be made to progress to a new reference marker (BMi) of the sequence by means of each received transmission signal (SI);
    c) a synchronization unit (23) which, after each transmission signal (SI), compares the transmission marker (SM) of said transmission signal with the reference marker (BMi) just supplied by the reference signal transmitter (21) and in the absence of identity restores the synchronization (resynchronization) of the transmitter (1) and receiver (2) if the transmission marker (SMi) and reference marker (BMi) lie within a resynchronization range (NB) which extends over a portion composed of the sequence of reference markers (BM).
    d) a control unit (237) which opens the lock (3) under the control of the synchronization unit (23) when there is identity between the two markers (SMi, BMi).
  9. Method for resynchronizing the receiver (2) and transmitter (1) of an electronic locking system having at least one lock (3), in particular for motor vehicles, in which
    at each transmission operation the transmitter (1) outputs a transmission signal (SI) which is modulated with a transmission marker (SM) composed of a sequence of transmission markers,
    a new value (BMi) of the reference marker (BMi) composed of a sequence of reference markers (BM) which is identical to the sequence of transmission markers (SM) is set in the receiver (2) by means of each transmission signal (SMi),
    each current transmission marker (SMi) is compared with the new value (BMi) of the reference marker in the receiver (2), and
    the lock is opened given identity, and
    in the absence of identity, identity is restored by resynchronizing the transmitter if a reference marker (BM) which is identical to a current transmission marker (SMi) is present within a resynchronization range (NB) which extends over a portion composed of the sequence of reference markers (BM),
    characterized
    in that a transmission sequence (SF) which is composed of transmission markers (SM) of n successive transmission signals (SI) is stored in the receiver, and
    in that the resynchronization is carried out if a reference sequence (BF) composed of n reference markers (BM) which is identical to the transmission sequence (SF) is present within the resynchronization range (NB).
EP19870111270 1986-08-12 1987-08-04 Electronic locking system comprising at least a lock, particularly for motor cars Expired - Lifetime EP0257376B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3627291 1986-08-12
DE3627291 1986-08-12

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EP0257376A1 EP0257376A1 (en) 1988-03-02
EP0257376B1 EP0257376B1 (en) 1991-11-06
EP0257376B2 true EP0257376B2 (en) 2001-07-25

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EP (1) EP0257376B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3774364D1 (en)
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US4825210A (en) 1989-04-25
ES2026498T3 (en) 1992-05-01
EP0257376A1 (en) 1988-03-02
DE3774364D1 (en) 1991-12-12
EP0257376B1 (en) 1991-11-06

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