EP0235703A1 - Electronic lock - Google Patents

Abstract

The electronic door lock for an electronic key provided with an electronic store for a key word datum has a latch bolt (5) actuatable at least from the inside of the door by means of a handle and a bolt (7) which is lockable and unlockable by an electric drive device (35). A control circuit (81) formed especially as micro-processor reads the key word datum stored in the key, through the reading device (77), and controls the electric drive (35) in dependence thereon. The reading device (77) includes sensor elements (93, 95), especially pieco-electric elements by way of which the drive direction of the electric drive (35) is selectable by a key movement of short stroke. In order that the electronic lock may be opened manually in case of emergency, a mechanical lock cylinder (113) is provided by means of which the bolt (7) is uncoupled from the drive connection to the electric drive (35) and is bringable into a drive connection to the handle nut (23) actuating the latch bolt (5 ). Then by actuation of the door handle, in addition to the latch bolt (5) the bolt (7) can be unlocked. The data transmission between the reading device (77) and the electronic key takes place contactlessly by infra-red, like the working voltage supply of the key. The working voltage supply can however also take place through electric contacts.

Description

The invention relates to an electronic door lock for an electronic key provided with an electronic memory for key word information, with a latch which can be actuated at least from the inside of the door by means of a handle, engages in a striking plate, a lock which can be locked in the striking plate, and an electrically controllable locking mechanism for the bolt, a reading device for the keyword information of the electronic key and a control circuit controlling the locking mechanism depending on the read keyword information.

A door lock of this type is known. In a conventional manner, it has a latch that is opened from the inside of the door by means of a handle. The bolt of the door lock can be closed like a cylinder lock from the inside of the door using a rotary knob. Instead of a locking cylinder to be locked from the outside of the door by means of a mechanical key, a rotary knob is also provided on the outside of the door, which can be coupled to the inner rotary knob via an electrically controllable coupling. The normally freely rotatable outer knob allows for a ^g erückter clutch, the manual operation of both the bolt and the latch. The clutch is controlled by a control circuit depending on the key word information of an electronic key, which can be read via a reading device of the lock. The known electronic lock differs from conventional mechanical locks in terms of its operation, since it must first be put in the ready-to-lock state with the electronic key and then locked by means of its rotary knob.

Another known electronic door lock is based on a conventional cylinder lock. It has a locking cylinder, which can be used to manually operate both the bolt and the latch using an inserted key. The lock cylinder can be coupled to the actuating mechanism of the lock via an electrically controllable coupling and contains a reading device for the keyword information stored in a memory of the electronic key. A control circuit controls the clutch depending on the key word read formation. From the outside of the door, the lock can also be locked with a mechanical key so that it can also be opened in emergencies. With this known door lock, the key, as is usual with conventional door locks, has to be turned over a comparatively large angle of rotation for the actuation of the bolt and the latch a keychain hangs.

It is an object of the invention to provide an electronic door lock which can be operated more comfortably than before.

This object is achieved in that the reading device comprises a sensor device responsive to two spatially different orientations of the electronic key and that the locking mechanism has an electrical drive device controlled by the control circuit for the locking and unlocking movement of the bolt and the bolt depending on the means the orientation of the electronic key detected by the sensor device in the unlocking direction or in the locking direction.

Such a door lock uses the advantages of electronic locks, in particular the possibility of increasing the security of the lock by providing a very high number of lock combinations and of being able to change the key code without problems even with master key systems. However, the door lock is operated by the electromotive drive, for example via an electromagnet or an electric motor considerably simplified without having to deviate from the conventional way of operating door locks. The electronic key is inserted into a keyhole-like receiving channel of the reading device, in which the unlocking or locking movement of the bolt is triggered by a mechanical movement. In contrast to conventional electronic door locks, a comparatively small rotary movement is sufficient to control the bolt.

The electronic key can have a shape similar to a conventional mechanical flat key. However, it can also have a fundamentally different shape, for example a card shape. To control the direction of movement of the bolt, provision can also be made for the sensor device to respond to the orientation of the key selected when the key is inserted into the reading device. For example, it can be provided that a card-shaped key is inserted into the reading device for opening with the top side up and for locking with the bottom side up.

In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the drive device is also in drive connection with the latch and drives the latch in the opening direction when the bolt is controlled in the unlocking direction by means of the electronic key. This configuration is primarily intended for door locks that have a handle only on the inside of the door, but not on the outside of the door.

However, this configuration can also be used for door locks, the latch of which is accessible from the inside as well as from the outside via a door lever handle can be operated and it can be used in configurations that do entirely without door handles. The latter embodiment is particularly advantageous if the door lock is to be closed by keys of different authorization. For example, it can be provided that a first type of electronic key can only control the drive of the latch, ie it cannot open the locked door lock, while a second type of key can control both the bolt and the latch.

The drive device can have separate electromotive drives, for example electromagnets or electric motors, for the bolt and the latch. In order to keep the design effort as low as possible, it is expediently provided that the drive device has a common electromotive drive element which drives the latch via a first transmission connection and the latch via a second transmission connection. Drive elements with a comparatively low nominal power can be used if the second transmission connection comprises an idle travel device which uncouples the latch from the drive element when the bolt is locked. This ensures that the drive element, for example the electric motor, only acts on the latch when the bolt has been withdrawn from the striking plate and has expediently reached its enclosed end position.

The gear connections can be lever gears or gear transmissions, or the like. Especially when using gear wheels Drives that are driven by an electric motor, a sufficiently large power transmission can be achieved, which can also overcome clamping forces exerted on the bolt or the latch, for example by the striking plate. The combination of a rack and pinion gear for driving the bolt with a lever gear for driving the latch has proven to be particularly suitable, since this allows the free travel device to be implemented in the form of a cam driven by the rack and pinion gear and acting on the lever gear with little design effort.

The electronic door lock is preferably equipped with an additional mechanical lock, which locks the electronic lock in emergency situations by means of a mechanical key. Emergency situations can arise, for example, in the event of a defect in the electronic lock or in the event of danger, for example in the event of a fire or the like. Since the electric drive would oppose the direct actuation of the bolt, for example by means of the locking bar of a mechanical locking cylinder, a large mechanical resistance, in a preferred embodiment a coupling which can be switched by means of the locking cylinder is provided, which alternately connects the bolt to a drive connection with the electric drive device or into a drive connection with a lever handle provided on the outside of the door. The outer door handle can, for example in embodiments with only manually driven latch, be permanently rotatably coupled to a latch follower actuating the latch; the outer handle can also have an axis rotatably mounted in the follower, which over one in the follower radially to this axis is displaceably guided and adjusted by means of the lock cylinder Kupplun ^g s-pin with the latch coupled to be. The locking __ cylinder can be used in the latter version with comparatively little design effort both for switching the drive connection of the bolt as well as for coupling the outer handle with the handle follower.

The clutch provided for switching the drive connection of the bolt, which can be controlled by the lock cylinder, can be realized in a particularly simple manner in that the electric drive device drives the bolt via a gear transmission with a plurality of gears meshing with one another in a gear chain, an intermediate gear of the gear chain on one Radially to its axis of rotation movable guide member is mounted, which holds the intermediate gear in a first position in engagement with a gear of the drive chain, for example the electric motor, of the gear chain and in a second position in engagement with a toothed segment of the follower nut. The locking cylinder normally blocks the guide part, which is preferably biased towards the second position, in the first position in which the bolt is driven by the electric motor. When the locking cylinder is closed, the guide part is released, whereby the spring closes the drive connection of the handle to the bolt. The lock bit of the lock cylinder can drive the coupling pin of the follower in the axis of the outer handle in the course of the closing movement, so that the bolt can be unlocked manually via the outer handle. The drive stroke of the outer handle is selected so that it can unlock the bolt completely with one stroke contain a freewheel so that the bolt can be unlocked by pressing the outer handle several times. - '

The emergency release function of the electronic lock can also be implemented by other measures. In another advantageous embodiment it is provided that the striking plate is movably mounted in the opening direction of the door on a lock frame of a mechanical lock, in particular a cylinder lock in such a way that it is released for movement in the opening direction when the mechanical lock is unlocked and when the mechanical lock is locked is locked by its rule. The striking plate can for example be pivotally mounted on the lock frame of the mechanical lock so that it can fold down when the mechanical lock is unlocked and releases the latch and bolt of the electronic lock regardless of its closed position.

The electronic lock can preferably be used in connection with an alarm system or a personal access control system, since the control circuit, which is expediently designed as a microprocessor, can be easily expanded to such functions. As far as the electronic lock is connected to an alarm system, it is preferably provided that the mechanical lock which enables the emergency opening is assigned an alarm contact of the alarm system which, regardless of the closed position of the bolt of the electronic lock, triggers the alarm of the alarm system when the bolt is mechanically locked. The on the closed state of the mechanical Lock responsive alarm signaling contact and a ge ^g e-appropriate, provided on the closing state of the electronically controlled latch responsive alarm signaling contact his actual closed state can be utilized in connection with the alarm system or the person access control system to the query. Information about the locking status of a large number of locks can thus be gathered at a central point and, for example, displayed or documented.

The electronic lock can preferably be used in connection with an alarm system with a block lock. In conventional alarm systems, the block lock is only used to arm or disarm the alarm system. In a preferred embodiment of the lock according to the invention, the block lock also controls the locking function of the electronic locks, i.e. when the alarm system is armed via the block lock, all or even only predetermined groups of electronic locks are automatically locked or unlocked automatically when the block lock is disarmed. The alarm system controls the electronic locks according to the switch position of your block lock.

In order to be able to use the electronic lock in a particularly varied manner, the electronic key contains not only an electronic memory but also an electronic control circuit, for example in the form of its own microprocessor. The operating voltage supply for the key is provided by mutually associated energy transmission elements on the key and the reading device. To transmit the keyword information, infrared light transmitting elements and infrared light receiving elements are provided, preferably both on the key and on the reading device, in order to enable bidirectional data traffic. Optical infrared data transmission, in particular in multi-bit parallel form, is operational and fail-safe. In particular, malfunctions, such as those that occur during the transmission of data via mechanical contacts, are avoided with this type of contactless data transmission. For the Betriebsspannungsversor ^g ung of the key is preferably also utilized an optical energy transfer, for example by using light emitting diodes, preferably laser diodes, on the side of the reading means and the photodiodes on the key side. If the photocurrent of a single key-side photodiode is not sufficient to operate the memory and control circuit of the key, several of these elements can also be provided. The operating voltage supply can, however, also take place via mechanical contacts, in particular if the contacts are elongated in the insertion direction of the key and are contacted several times by counter-contacts of the reading device. In another variant of the electronic key, in which the key If optical energy is supplied with operating energy, a laser diode is provided in the reading device which illuminates a bundle of optical fibers arranged in the shaft of the key on the end face. At the other end, the optical fibers diverge from one another and illuminate several photodiodes. In this way, the high light output of the laser diode generated in a relatively small area can be distributed over several, relatively large space-consuming photodiodes. The photodiodes can thus be accommodated at a structurally advantageous point on the key, for example in the handle.

In order to increase the operational security of the data transmission, a locking device is expediently provided, which at least during the Data transmission in the reader. The locking device can work purely mechanically, for example by mechanically locking the key in the reading position, so that the movement of the key is opposed to increased mechanical resistance. Electromagnetically operated locking devices are also particularly suitable. In particular, electrically controllable locking devices of the latter type can be used to prevent unwanted multiple actuations of the electronic lock, for example by holding the key for a predetermined period after inserting it in the lock and ensuring that a certain period of time passes for the lock to be operated again must, or the key must be removed and reinserted into the lock.

The electronic key can have any shape, for example the shape of a conventional flat key or a card. Since the areas of the flat key shank for accommodating the data and energy transmission elements are often scarce, particularly in the case of optical data and energy transmission, it can be provided in an expedient embodiment that the key shank cross section essentially has the shape of an equilateral polygon, in particular a triangle or hexagon, Has. In this way, the area that can be used for accommodating the data and energy transmission elements can be enlarged.

The sensor device can be a torsionally elastic mounted cylinder in the lock for the shaft of the have electronic key that actuates electrical contacts for the generation of the direction commands in the case of torsionally elastic deflection. Particularly small deflection angles can be achieved if piezoelectric elements are used instead of electrical contacts, in particular if the key is applied directly to the piezoelectric elements. The piezoelectric elements are provided in pairs, and when using two pairs it is also possible to distinguish between a rotary movement of the key and an exclusively radial tilting movement.

• Fig. 1 eine schematisierte Darstellung eines elektronischen Schlosses;
• Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht eines elektronischen Schlüssels für das Schloß aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 eine Variante einer Leseeinrichtung für das Schloß aus Fig.1;
• Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht eines in Verbindung mit der Leseeinrichtung nach Fig. 3 verwendbaren elektronischen Schlüssels;
• Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht einer Variante eines elektronischen Schlüssels;
• Fig. 6 eine Stirnansicht des Schlüssels aus Fig. 5;
• Fig. 7 eine Stirnansicht einer Variante des Schlüssels aus Fig. 5;
• Fig. 8 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer anderen --― Ausführungsform eines elektronischen Schlosses;
• Fig. 9 eine schematische Schnittansicht des elektronischen Schlosses, gesehen entlang einer Linie IX-IX aus Fig.8, und
• Fig.10 eine weitere Variante des Schlüssels aus Fi^g. 5.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are to be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. It shows:

• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electronic lock.
• Fig. 2 is a side view of an electronic key for the lock of Fig. 1;
• 3 shows a variant of a reading device for the lock from FIG. 1;
• FIG. 4 shows a side view of an electronic key which can be used in conjunction with the reading device according to FIG. 3;
• 5 shows a side view of a variant of an electronic key;
• FIG. 6 is an end view of the key from FIG. 5;
• Fig. 7 is an end view of a variant of the key from Fig. 5;
• 8 shows a schematic side view of another embodiment of an electronic lock;
• Fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view of the electronic lock, seen along a line IX-IX of Fig.8, and
• Fig.10 a further variant of the key from Fi ^g . 5.

1 shows a door lock designed as a mortise lock with a lock housing 3 closed on one of its end faces by a faceplate 1, in which a latch 5 and a bolt 7 are displaceably guided transversely to the faceplate 1. The latch 5 and the bolt 7 engage in a striking plate 9 when the door is closed, as shown in FIG. 1. The lock housing 3 is installed in the door, while the striking plate 9 is attached to the door frame. The reverse installation method with a lock built into the door frame and a striking plate attached to the door leaf is also possible.

The latch 5 is slidably guided in an opening 11 of the faceplate 1 and on a pin 13 fixed to the housing, which penetrates a longitudinal hole 15 of the latch 5, and is biased in the usual direction in the closing direction by a spiral spring 19 held in a form-fitting manner on a square pin 17 fixed to the housing. A lever handle, not shown, arranged on the inside of the door is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner via a square axis 21 to a follower nut 23 pivotably mounted in the lock housing 3. The 23 follower / engages with a driver finger 25 in a coupling recess 27 of the latch 5, so that the latch 5 can be opened against the bias of the coil spring 19 from the inside of the door by a pivoting movement of the inner door handle.

The bolt 7 is displaceably guided in an opening 29 of the faceplate 1 and on a pin 31 which is fixed to the housing and which penetrates an elongated hole 33 of the bolt 7 and is driven by an electric motor 35 via a toothed rack and pinion gear 37 both in the unlocking and in the locking Direction driven. For this purpose, a worm 41 seated on a shaft 39 of the motor 35 drives a worm wheel 43 which, together with a toothed wheel 45, is seated in a rotationally fixed manner on a common shaft 47 mounted in the lock housing 3. The gear 47 meshes with a gear 49, which in turn meshes with a gear 51 in a gear chain. The gear 51 in turn meshes with a step segment gear 53 which engages in a rack 55 fastened to the bolt 7 and moves the bolt 7 either in the unlocking direction or in the locking direction in accordance with the direction of rotation of the motor 35.

When the bolt 7 is in the unlocked position, the motor 35 also drives the latch 5 in the opening direction. For this purpose, the stepped segment gear 53 is provided with a cam shoulder 57 which, when the bolt 7 is unlocked, strikes against an arm 59 of a double lever 63 pivotably mounted on the lock housing 3 on an axis 61. The double lever 63 engages with its other arm 65 in a driving opening 67 of the case 5 and drives the latch 5 in the opening direction. The rotational empty path between the cam surface 57 and the arm 59 is dimensioned such that the bolt 7 is initially completely out of the striking plate 9 is pulled before the trap 5 is driven. The motor 35 can thus be dimensioned weaker. The circumferential length of the engaging with the rack teeth 55 of the stepped segment gear 53 is so dimensioned that the gear 53 disengages from the rack 55 during the _E etätigungshubs the trap. 5

The electric motor 35 is controlled by an electronic key 69 shown in FIG. 2. The key 69 has the shape of a flat key with a key handle 71, from which an elongated shaft 73 protrudes. The handle 71 contains an electronic storage and control circuit 75, for example a microprocessor, which stores, in digital form, keyword information associated with the key 69. The lock itself has a reading device 77 (FIG. 1), in the key channel 79 of which the shaft 73 of the key 69 can be inserted. The reading device 77 reads the keyword information of the key 69 and compares it with keyword information associated with the lock, which is stored in a memory and control circuit 81 of the lock. The memory and control circuit 81 controls the motor 35 as a function of the keyword information. The data transmission between the memory and control circuits 75 and 81 takes place optically bidirectionally in bit-parallel form. For this purpose, several pairs of infrared light-emitting diodes 83 and infrared photodiodes 85 are arranged on a flat side of the shaft 73 of the key 69, which pairs 87 of infrared photodiodes and infrared light-emitting diodes lie opposite in the key channel 79 of the reading device 77. In this way, data can be transmitted from the storage and control circuit 81 to the storage and control circuit 75 as well as data in the reverse direction. Due to the bidirectional data traffic the locking security and the number of possible locking combinations can be increased considerably.

The key 69 does not contain its own power source in the normal version. A plurality of photodiodes 89 are provided on a flat side of the shaft 73 for supplying the operating voltage to the memory and control circuit 75, with 77 light-emitting diodes 91, in particular laser diodes, opposing them in the key channel 79 of the reading device. The photo current generated by the illumination of the photodiodes 89 feeds the circuit 75. The diodes 89, 91 also preferably operate in the infrared range. By using infrared light for data and energy supply to the key 69, trouble-free operation is achieved.

The direction of movement of the bolt 7 is controlled by a rotary movement of the key 69 inserted into the key channel 79. The reading device 77 comprises piezoelectric elements 93, 95 which interact with the side surfaces of the shaft 73 and which are acted upon in pairs depending on the direction of rotation of the key 69. The piezoelectric elements 93 and 95 assigned to the same direction of rotation lie diametrically opposite one another, so that they are stressed by opposite side surfaces of the shaft 73. In Fig. 1, the piezoelectric elements 93 control, for example, the unlocking direction, while the elements 95 control the locking direction of the bolt 7. The circuit 81 detects the coincidence of the pressurization of the piezoelectric elements 93 on the one hand and the coincidence of the pressurization of the elements 95 on the other hand, so that the rotary movement of the key 69 can be distinguished from a tilting movement in which elements 93 and 95 would be pressurized together. The turning stroke of the The key for controlling the bolt movement is comparatively small, which makes it easier to operate the lock. _

In order to rule out errors in the data transmission between the circuits 75 and 81 and to prevent unwanted multiple control of the lock, the reading device 77 is assigned a locking device 97 which, controlled by the storage and control circuit 81, at least the shaft 73 of the key inserted into the key channel 79 during the data transmission, but preferably still for a predetermined period of time thereafter. The locking device 97 has a lever 99 which engages in the key channel 79 with a finger 99 and cooperates with the shaft 73 for locking it, which is pivotably mounted on an axis 103 fixed to the housing and by a spring 105 which is seated in a spring bracket 107 fixed to the housing from the key channel 79 is biased away. An armature 109 of an electromagnet 111 engages on the lever 101 and, controlled by the circuit 81, pulls the lever 101 into engagement with the shaft 73 for fixing the key 69.

In emergency situations, for example in the event of a failure of the electronics or the bolt drive, the electronic lock can be locked by means of a mechanical locking cylinder 113 that can be locked by a mechanical key, and the bolt 7 can be unlocked together with the latch 5 by actuating the door handle. The locking cylinder 113 controls the drive connection of the bolt 7 to the follower 23. The gear 49 is mounted on an axis 115 which is held on a guide part 117. The guide part 117 is pivotable coaxially with the axis 119 of the gear 51 mounted on the lock housing 3, so that the gear 49, which is continuously in engagement with the gear 51, can alternately be brought into engagement with the gear 45 or a tooth segment 121 of the trigger nut 23. The locking cylinder 113 has a beard 123 which, in the position provided for the electrical operation of the bolt 7 and shown in FIG. 1, bears against the guide part 117 and holds the gear 49 in engagement with the gear 45 driven by the motor 35. When locking the locking cylinder 113 by means of the mechanical key, not shown, the beard 123 releases the guide part 117. A tension spring 125 clamped between the lock housing 3 and the guide part 117 disengages the gear 49 from the gear 45 and engages with the toothed segment 121 of the trigger nut 23. By turning the trigger nut 23 in the opening direction of the latch 5, the gearwheels 49 are transferred via the gear chain and 51 and the step segment gear 53 of the bolt 7 are driven in the unlocking direction. Trap 5 is opened at the same time.

In order to be able to open the lock from the outside of the door in the event of danger, a handle (not shown in detail) is also provided on the outside of the door, which is, however, rotatably supported on a cylindrical axis relative to the handle nut 23. The cylindrical axis 127 is seated in a bore in the square axis 21 of the inner door handle and can be coupled to the handle nut 23 via a radially displaceable coupling pin 129. The coupling pin 129 protrudes from the latch nut 23 out into the pivoting range of the beard 123 of the locking cylinder 113. The beard drives at its the guide part 117 releasing pivot movement (arrow 131) the Ku ^p plungsstift 129 in an opening 133 of the axis 127 des'äußeren door lever and rotatably couples the outer lever handle to the follower 23. A detent spring device 135 normally keeps the coupling pin 129 out of engagement with the cylindrical axis 127 in order to prevent unwanted coupling of the outer lever handle to the follower nut 23.

In a variant of the door lock of the outer door handle can also constantly rotatably connected to the spindle hole 23 can be coupled, for example via an axial encryption Lan ^g ng the square axle 21. In this version, the case 5 from both the inside and from the outside of the door can be opened manually. The coupling pin 29 and the detent spring device 135 can be omitted. In the last-mentioned embodiment, the double lever 63 may also be omitted if the possibility of being able to open the latch 5 together with the bolt 7 by motor is dispensed with.

The electronic door lock is particularly suitable for use in conjunction with an alarm system and / or a person access control system, as indicated at 137 in FIG. 1. There is a data connection 139 between the storage and control circuit 81 and the alarm and / or person access control system 137. In particular, this connection can be used to trigger an alarm when the electronic lock is mechanically locked. For this purpose, the electronic lock contains an alarm contact, indicated at 141, which, depending on the locking movement of the locking cylinder 113, is actuated, for example, by its beard 123 or the guide part 117, with the alarm subsequently being triggered. For the Personal access control can be transmitted to the system 137 via the reading device 77 data of the key inserted into the key channel 79. The alarm contact 141 and optionally an additional one, which responds to the position of the bolt 7, the alarm contact 142 allow the central detection of the closed state of a plurality of electronic locks via the alarm system 137 or the personal access control system. The closed state can be displayed optically or recorded for documentation. The alarm contacts 141, 142 can be queried continuously or periodically or possibly only on demand from the central office. The alarm system 137 can be controlled via at least one block lock 144, ie it can be armed or disarmed. In a preferred embodiment, the alarm system 137 controls the electronic locks as a function of the position of the block lock 144, the electronic locks being locked via the bolt drives when the alarm system 137 is armed and unlocked when the alarm system 137 is disarmed. Here, according to the concept of the block lock system, all doors or even groups of doors can be locked.

The drive construction of the electronic lock is not limited to the drive connections shown in FIG. 1. Instead of the guide part 117 in the form of a pivot lever, a guide part which can be moved linearly on the lock housing 3 can be used. Other lever constructions or gearwheels can be used for the motorized drive of the trap. Insofar as the amount of rotation of the spindle hole for a complete Aufsperrbewegun of the bar ^g is not sufficient in the space reserved for the drive path Notöffnungsbetrieb a freewheel can be arranged, so that the bolt can be opened by pressing the door handle several times. The electronic lock is shown as a mortise lock; it can also be designed as an extension lock. In this variant, it can in particular also be used in conjunction with a conventional cylinder lock, for example in that the gear mechanism 37 does not directly drive the bolt 7, but rather the rotary movement of a locking cylinder engaging in the conventional cylinder lock. The locking cylinder controls the latch and bolt of the conventional cylinder lock.

The operating voltage of the electronic lock is expediently supplied via a cable from the door frame, which via a flexible cable transition ^! in the area of the door hinges from the door frame to the door leaf. Alternatively, however, resilient door contacts resting against one another can also be provided for the operating voltage supply when the door is closed. Contactless is also suitable Energy transmission, in particular via an infrared light-emitting diode or laser diode on the door frame and a photodiode on the door leaf. - '

Fig. 2 shows further details of the electronic key. Although the key does not require any key notches, key notches can be provided, as indicated at 143. The key can also be used to lock mechanical cylinder locks. This is advantageous, for example, in master key systems in which the mechanical locking properties of the key can be used to lock generally accessible doors, for example washrooms or the like.

An infrared light-emitting diode 145 or a laser diode can additionally be provided on the handle 71 of the key 69 and can be used for remote control, for example of a garage door, via the memory and control circuit. For this application, however, the key 69 must have an additional battery and a control element, for example a button.

The Fi ^g . 3 and 4 show a variant of a reading device 77a of the electronic lock and the associated key 69a, which differs from the reading device and the key of the lock of FIGS. 1 and 2 only in the type of operating voltage supply. Parts having the same effect are therefore provided with the reference numerals of FIGS. 1 and 2 and for distinction with the letter a. For a more detailed explanation of the structure and the mode of operation, reference is made to the description of FIGS. 1 and 2.

The power supply is via electrical contacts. On the shaft 73a of the key 69a are on the opposing flat sides in the longitudinal direction of the shaft elongated contact tracks 147 attached electrically insulated from each other, which are contacted by contact elements 149, 151 of the reading device 77a when the shaft 73a is inserted into the key channel 79a. The contacts of the reading device 77a can, as shown for the contact 149, be designed as electrical brushes or, as shown for the contact 151, can be a spring tongue. The contacts 149, 151 can be designed in the same way and are preferably distributed in several places in the longitudinal direction on the contact track 147. Especially when using spring tongues, elongated spring tongues can be used in the longitudinal direction of the shaft. For data transmission, the reading device 77a in turn comprises photodiodes / light-emitting diode pairs 87a, to which light-emitting diodes / photodiode pairs 83a, 85a of the key 69a are assigned. To control the direction of movement of the bolt, piezoelectric elements 93a, 95a are again provided in the reading device 77a.

5 and 6 show a variant of an electronic key, which differs from the key of FIG. 2 only in the shape of its key shaft 73b. Parts having the same effect are designated by the reference numerals of FIG. 2 and additionally by the letter b. For a more detailed explanation of the structure and the mode of operation of the electronic lock, reference is made to the description of FIGS. 1 and 2. The electronic key 69b in turn comprises a key handle 71b, which contains the storage and control circuit 75b. The elongated shaft 73b protruding from the handle 71 has the shape of a regular, equilateral hexagon in cross section. At least on part of its side faces 153 the Key 69b several pairs of light-emitting diodes 83b and photodiodes 85b for data transmission and several photodiodes 89b for energy supply. Due to the larger number of surfaces and their more uniform width in the circumferential direction of the shaft 73b, the data and energy transmission elements can be arranged in a more constructive manner.

FIG. 7 shows a variant of the key of FIGS. 5 and 6, which differs from the key 69b only in that its shaft 73c has the shape of an equilateral triangle in cross section. Transmission elements for data and energy transmission are again arranged on the side surfaces 155 of the shaft 73c, as is indicated at 157.

The reading device not shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 is constructed similarly to the reading device 77 of FIG. 1. The key channel has a cross-sectional shape adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the shaft of the key. To control the direction of movement of the bolt, at least one pair of piezoelectric elements is provided, one of which controls the unlocking direction and the other controls the locking direction. 5 to 7 as well as the keys of FIGS. 2 and 4, however, the key channel can be provided in a part rotatably mounted elastically about the longitudinal axis of the key shaft, similar to a lock cylinder, which in turn has the two piezoelectric elements for the unlocking Direction or the locking direction of the bolt controls.

8 and 9 show another embodiment of an electronic door lock, which differs essentially from the variants explained above differs only by the design of the facilities provided for locking the electronic door lock for emergencies. The electronic door lock comprises a plug-in lock 163 installed in a door 161, the bolt 165 of which can only be locked into a striking plate 171 held on a door frame 169 by means of an electromotive drive 167, for example an electromagnet or an electric motor. The lock 163 additionally comprises a latch 175 which can be actuated in the usual manner by lever handles 173 and also engages in the striking plate 171.

An electronic key 177 is provided to control the bolt drive 167, but it has no mechanical locking function for the bolt 165. The key 177 comprises a storage and control circuit 179, which exchanges data bidirectionally via infrared data transmission elements 181 of the key with infrared data transmission elements of a reading device 183 of the lock 163 (not shown in more detail) with a storage and control circuit 185 of the lock. The storage and control circuit 185 controls the bolt drive 167 as a function of a keyword information stored in the storage and control circuit 179 of the key 177. The key 177 is in turn supplied with operating voltage from the lock 163 via infrared energy transmission or mechanical contacts. A circuit 185, which, like the circuit 179, can be designed as a microprocessor, can be connected to an alarm system 187 or an access control system.

To be in case of emergencies with electronically locked door 161 in spite of being able to open the door 161, the striking plate 171 is pivotally held at one end via a pin 189 on a frame 191 of an additional mechanical lock 193, in particular a cylinder lock, attached to the door frame. The other end of the hinged striking plate 171 is fixed to the door frame 169 by the latch 195 of the mechanical lock 193. The lock 193 can be unlocked from the outside of the door by means of a mechanical key 197 and releases the striking plate 171 in the unlocked state, so that the door 161 can be opened even when the bolt 165 is locked, for example to enable the fire brigade to enter. The mechanical lock 19 can be unlocked from the inside of the door by means of a door handle 199, so that an emergency exit function of the lock is ensured.

The key 177 can have the forms explained above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 to 7. The reading device 183 can correspond to the reading devices 77 and 77a of FIGS. 1 and 3. It can also be provided that the bolt drive 167 also drives the latch 175 when the bolt 165 is unlocked.

10 shows a further variant of an electronic key for one of the electronic locks explained above, in particular the lock in FIG. 1. It differs from the key of FIG. 2 essentially only in the type of operating voltage supply. Parts having the same effect are therefore provided with the reference numerals of FIGS. 1 and 2 and, to distinguish them, with the letter d. For a more detailed explanation of the structure and how it works refer to the description of FIGS. 1 and 2.

The energy supply to the memory and control circuit 75d is carried out optically, similar to the key of FIG. 2. For this purpose, a laser diode 91d, preferably only a single laser diode, is provided in the reading device 77d of the lock, which illuminates the end face of a bundle of optical fibers 201 when the key is inserted into the reading device 77d. The optical fibers 201 end opposite in front of a field of a plurality of photodiodes 89d, which are thereby illuminated by the laser diode 91d for the generation of operating voltage. Since the photodiodes 89d take up a relatively large amount of space, they are accommodated in the handle 71d of the key and the ends of the key adjacent to the photodiodes 89d Optical fibers 201 diverge spatially. The end faces 203 adjacent to the photodiodes 89d illuminate the photodiodes 89d via a diffuser or the like, which can be formed, for example, by the nattled end face of the optical fibers 201. The optical fibers preferably extend along the shaft 73d of the key and are exposed on the gripping end face of the shaft 73d for illumination by the laser diode 91d. However, it is also possible to let the illumination side of the optical fibers 201 emerge laterally on the shaft 73d. The laser diode 91d is expediently an infrared laser diode.

The electronic keys explained above can also be used with other electronic locks in order to be able to take advantage of their operational security. In this respect, the features directed towards the electronic keys and in particular their data transmission and energy supply are of independent inventive importance.

Claims (31)

1. Electronic door lock for an electronic key (69; 177) provided with an electronic memory (75; 179) for key word information,
with at least one from the inside of the door a latch which can be actuated by a handle and engages in a striking plate (9; 171), a bolt (7; 165) which can be locked into the striking plate (9; 171), an electrically controllable locking mechanism (35, 37; 167) for the bolt (7; 165), a reading device (77; 183) for the keyword information of the electronic key (69; 177) and a control circuit (81; 185) which controls the locking mechanism (35, 37; 167) depending on the key word information read,
characterized in that the reading device (77) comprises a sensor device (93, 95) which responds to two spatially different orientations of the electronic key (69; 177)
and that the locking mechanism (35, 37; 167) has an electrical drive device (35) controlled by the control circuit (81; 185) for the opening and closing movement of the bolt (7; 165) and the bolt (7; 165) is dependent from the orientation of the electronic key (69; 177) detected by means of the sensor device (93, 95) in the unlocking direction or in the locking direction. 2. Door lock according to claim 1,
characterized in that the drive device (35) is also in drive connection with the latch (5) and, with the orientation of the electronic key (69) and the orientation of the electronic key (69) detected by means of the sensor device (93, 95), the latch (5) in the opening direction drives. 3. Door lock according to claim 2,
characterized in that the drive device has a common electromotive drive element (35) driving the latch (7) via a first gear connection (37) and the latch (5) via a second gear connection (63) and in that the second gear connection (63) has one Free travel device (57, 59) which uncouples the latch (5) from the drive member (35) when the bolt (7) is excluded. 4. Door lock according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the drive device has an electric motor (35) which drives the bolt (7) in a pushing manner via a rack and pinion gear (77). '- 5. Door lock according to claim 4,
characterized in that the rack and pinion gear (37) comprises a cam (57) which drives the latch (5) in the opening direction when moving in the unlocking direction via a lever gear (63). 6. Door lock according to one of claims 1 to 5 with a locking cylinder (113) mechanically locking the bolt (7) independently of the control circuit (81) and closable by means of a mechanical key,
characterized in that a lever is also provided on the outside of the door and that the bolt (7) alternately into a drive connection with the electric drive device (35) or a drive connection to the via a clutch (49, 117) switchable by means of the locking cylinder (113) outer pusher can be brought. 7. Door lock according to claim 6
with a follower (23) driving the latch (5), characterized in that the follower (23) is connected to a toothed wheel (121), that the drive device (35) drives the bolt (7) via a gear transmission (37) with a plurality of gears (45, 49, 51) meshing with one another in a gear chain, that an intermediate gear (49) of the gear chain is mounted on a guide part (117) movable radially to its axis of rotation (115), which in a first position engages the intermediate gear (49) with a gear which can be driven by the drive device (35) (45) of the gear chain and in a second position in engagement with the gear (121) connected to the follower (23) and that the guide part (141) can be adjusted between the first and the second position by means of the locking cylinder (113). 8. Door lock according to claim 7,
characterized in that the guide part (117) is resiliently biased in the direction of one of its positions, in particular towards the second position, and can be adjusted into the other of its positions by means of the locking cylinder (113) against the spring preload and can be blocked in this position. 9. Door lock according to one of claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that the outer lever has an axis (127) which is freely rotatable in the follower (23) and that a coupling pin (129) is guided in the follower (23) radially to the axis (127) and can be displaced by means of the locking cylinder ( 113) can be brought into a position that couples the axis (127) in a rotationally fixed manner with the trigger nut (23). 10. Door lock according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the striking plate (171) is movably mounted on a lock frame (191) of a mechanical lock (193), in particular a cylinder lock, in the opening direction of the door (161) in such a way that when the mechanical lock (193) is unlocked for Movement in the opening direction is released and is locked by the bolt (195) when the mechanical lock (193) is locked. 11. Door lock according to claim 10,
characterized in that the striking plate (171) is pivotally mounted on the lock frame (191). 12. Door lock according to one of claims 6 to 11,
characterized in that the lock (113) which can be locked by means of the mechanical key is associated with an alarm contact (141) of an alarm system (137) which, regardless of the closed position of the bolt (7) driven by the electric drive device (35) when the bolt is mechanically locked (7) triggers the alarm of the alarm system (137). 13. Door lock, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that the electronic key (69) contains an electronic storage and control circuit (75) and on an insertable part into the reading device (7), in particular the key shaft (73), at least one infrared light transmitting element (83) for transmitting the Carries keyword information to which an infrared light receiving element (87) is assigned in each case in the reading device
and that the electronic key (69) and the reading device (77) are assigned energy transmission elements (89, 91; 147, 149, 151) for the operating voltage supply of the storage and control circuit (7) of the key (69) inserted into the reading device (77) ) include. 14. Door lock according to claim 13,
characterized in that the reading device (77) for the transmission of data from the control circuit (81) of the lock to the storage and control circuit (75) of the key (69) also has at least one infrared light transmitting element (85) which is connected to the in the reading device (77) of the insertable part (73) of the key (69) is each assigned an infrared light receiving element (87). 15. Door lock according to claim 14,
characterized in that the electronic key (69) and the reading device (77) each have a plurality of infrared light transmitting elements and a plurality of infrared light receiving elements for the multi-bit parallel transmission of data and that the reading device (77) has a locking device (97) by means of which the key (69) at least for the duration of the data transmission can be fixed relative to the reading device (77). 16. Door lock according to claim 15,
characterized in that the locking device (97) has an electromagnet (111) which fixes the key (69) in the reading device (77) via its armature (109). 17. Door lock according to one of claims 13 to 16,
characterized in that the energy transmission elements of the reading device (77) have at least one light transmission element (91) and the energy transmission elements of the key (69) have at least one light reception element (89) for optical energy transmission. 18. Door lock according to claim 17,
characterized in that the reading device (77) has a plurality of light-emitting diodes (91), in particular laser diodes, and the key (69) has a plurality of photodiodes (89). 19. Door lock according to claim 17,
characterized in that the reading device (77d) has a laser diode and the key has a plurality of photodiodes (89d) which can be illuminated via a bundle of optical fibers (201) of the key. 20. Door lock according to claim 19,
characterized in that the bundle of optical fibers is removed from the handle (71d) of the key the front face of the key shaft (73d) is accessible for illumination by the laser diode (89d). 21. Door lock according to claim 19 or 20,
characterized in that the photodiodes are arranged next to one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the fibers and in that the optical fibers (201) diverge away from one another in the region of their ends facing the photodiodes. 22. Door lock according to one of claims 19 to 21,
characterized in that the photodiodes are housed in the handle (71d) of the key. 23. Door lock according to one of claims 13 to 16,
characterized in that the energy transmission members of the key (69a) are designed as elongated contact tracks (147) in the longitudinal direction of the part (73a) of the key (69a) to be inserted into the reading device, preferably those in the longitudinal direction of the contact tracks (147) of the key (69a) elongated contact springs (151) and / or contact brushes (149) are also assigned to the reading device (77a). 24. Door lock according to one of claims 13 to 23,
characterized in that the key (69b) has a handle (71b) designed as a housing for the memory and control circuit (75b) and a shaft (73b, c) which can be inserted into the reading device and has a cross section essentially in the form of an equilateral polygon, the elements for data transmission (83b, 85b) and the energy transmission elements (89b) on the polygonal surfaces of the shaft (73b) are arranged. 25. Door lock according to claim 24,
characterized in that the shaft (73b; 73c) has a substantially triangular or hexagonal cross section. 26. Door lock according to one of claims 1 to 25,
characterized in that the part (73) of the key (69) to be inserted into the reading device (77) has a cross-section deviating from the circular shape, at least in the area of the sensor device, and in that the sensor device has at least two pressure-sensitive elements (93.95), in particular piezoelectric elements which are arranged at an angular distance from one another around the non-circular part (73) of the key (69) in such a way that they can be pressurized in opposite directions of rotation of the key (69). 27. Door lock according to claim 26,
characterized in that the key (69) is designed as a flat key and the pressure-sensitive elements (93.95) are directly pressurized with the flat sides of its shaft (73). 28. Door lock according to one of claims 1 to 27,
characterized in that the control circuits (81) are connected to an alarm system (137) which can be armed and disarmed by means of a block lock (144) which, when the block lock (144) is armed, drives the drive device (35) of the bolt (7) in the locking direction controls and controls in the unlock direction when the block lock (144) is disarmed. 29. Locking system, characterized by a plurality of locks, of which first locks can be locked by means of mechanical keys, which act on mechanical tumblers of the first locks with mechanical locking codes (143), and of which second locks are latches (7) driven by electromotive drives (35). and electronic reading devices (91) for electronic locking codes stored on electronic keys, at least one of the keys (69) having both mechanical and electronic locking codes for locking at least a first and at least a second lock
and by a central monitoring system (137) connected to the reading devices (69) of the second locks, which stores access control information for the second locks, specifically assigned electronic locking codes and the bolt drives (35) of the second locks depending on the electronic locking code read and that of the read controls access control information associated with electronic locking coding. 30. closure system according to claim 29,
characterized in that the second locks can be overcome manually from the side secured by the lock and have locking status reporting devices (141, 142) connected to the central monitoring system (137) and in that the central monitoring system (137) opens a locked second lock from the side secured side triggers an alarm system. 31. Locking system according to claim 30,
characterized in that 'a plurality of the second locks can be locked or unlocked together from a central control device of the central monitoring system (137).

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