EP0227504A1 - Method of protecting a refrigeration plant against deposits of additives in the refrigerant circuit - Google Patents

Method of protecting a refrigeration plant against deposits of additives in the refrigerant circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0227504A1
EP0227504A1 EP86402443A EP86402443A EP0227504A1 EP 0227504 A1 EP0227504 A1 EP 0227504A1 EP 86402443 A EP86402443 A EP 86402443A EP 86402443 A EP86402443 A EP 86402443A EP 0227504 A1 EP0227504 A1 EP 0227504A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
refrigeration
heat
circuit
refrigerant
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Granted
Application number
EP86402443A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0227504B1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Laine
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Froilabo SA
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Froilabo SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring the proper functioning of freezers with a refrigerant circulation circuit, and more generally of refrigeration installations of this type, in order to protect them from damage caused by the blockage of the refrigerant circuits.
  • the invention also relates to a central monitoring and protection of such refrigeration installations.
  • the means implemented to avoid damage to the refrigeration circuits consist in having pressure switches upstream or downstream of the compressor, which control the cut-off of the supply to the compressor, when the pressure decreases or increases respectively in the circuit.
  • These devices make it possible to avoid damage to the compressor, but their operating principle, namely the detection of a pressure drop, intervenes relatively late in the process of evolution of the phenomenon of freezing of the additives, and these have already settled on a large layer in the evaporator coil when the pressure switches were triggered.
  • the compressor has operated with insufficient lubrication and it is also necessary to clean the internal walls of the coil to restart the refrigeration circuit.
  • the invention aims to detect the phenomenon of deposition of additives at a much earlier stage.
  • the invention is based on the fact that it is much more judicious to monitor the temperature of the evaporator coil very closely, rather than the pressure of the refrigeration circuit. Indeed, from the start of the formation of an insulating film on the interior walls of the coil, the heat exchange occurs much worse.
  • the current means of automating the monitoring of information coming from a sensor by means of a microprocessor it has become possible to carry out this very close monitoring of the evolution of the temperature. . More precisely, a fine analysis is carried out by microprocessor of the value of the temperature of the refrigeration circuit, recorded by sensor almost continuously or at very short regular intervals, and it is thus possible to detect very quickly when the drift of the temperature becomes positive.
  • the very close monitoring of temperature also has an advantage. Indeed, in some of their applications, freezers must operate at an extremely precise temperature. This is particularly true for cold storage of living cells. In this case, monitoring the temperature of the refrigeration circuit allows better anticipation of temperature variations in the heat-insulating enclosure.
  • the temperature is sensed in the heat exchanger connecting the two circuits.
  • each maneuver of the access door of the enclosure is captured, and a delay is deactivated for the neutralization of the operation of the central monitoring station for a predetermined period of time after the last maneuver of the door in order to avoid the parasitic thermal influence of a load which would have been introduced into the enclosure.
  • the invention also relates to a monitoring and protection unit for the refrigeration installation of the type mentioned above, characterized in that it comprises a sensor of the temperature of the refrigeration circuit, a sensor of the temperature of the enclosure. refrigerated, and an access door opening sensor, said sensors being connected to a data processing unit for processing the information provided by the sensors, said unit in turn connected to monitoring and protection means.
  • the central unit also comprises means for displaying the temperature values recorded.
  • the temperature sensor 30 of the refrigeration circuit was placed in the heat exchanger 22. This very advantageously makes it possible to directly control the thermal evolution of the two primary 1 and secondary 2 circuits, since the temperature is taken at their crossing point.
  • FIG. 1 It can also be seen in FIG. 1 that it is always possible to provide the pressure switch circuits so as to obtain redundant security.
  • the primary circuit 1 has a high pressure safety pressure switch 16, communicating with the outlet of the compressor 11 through a capillary 17.
  • the secondary circuit 2 is provided with two low pressure 26 and high pressure 27 pressure switches. communicating respectively with the inlet and the outlet of the compressor 21 through two capillaries 28.
  • the mounting of two pressure switches 26,27 in the secondary circuit makes it possible to detect doubly the possible blockage of the fluid circuit, either by increasing the pressure in downstream of compressor 21, either by reducing the pressure upstream.
  • each of the two circuits 1 and 2 may include a filling and measuring tap 19.29 respectively.
  • the converter 44 receives only the information ⁇ 1 coming from the temperature sensor of the refrigeration circuit.
  • the invention then consists in the processing unit interrogating continuously, or at regular intervals, the information ⁇ 1.
  • This information is stored in memory, and compared over time so that you can see the direction of the temperature drift.
  • the temperature drift must be negative, that is to say that the values ⁇ 1 must decrease, or at least remain stable over time.
  • the processing unit 40 activates its alarm and signaling outputs 48, as well as the control outputs 49 , 50.
  • the alarm and protection means consist, for example, of lighting alarm lights, actuating an alarm, and also cutting off the power to the refrigeration circuit compressors.
  • the monitoring and protection unit according to the invention can be integrated into a conventional temperature regulation system.
  • This regulation system consists in entering into the central unit a range of temperature values within which the thermal insulation enclosure must be kept and in constantly comparing these set values with actual temperatures by acting on the compressor (s) of the refrigeration circuit. to re-center the actual temperatures within the set range.
  • the setpoints are by example entered from the keys of a keyboard 51, and one of the temperature inputs ⁇ 2 corresponds to a sensor located in the enclosure, for example near the evaporator.
  • the displays 46 and 47 can be used to display the values ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, or even the set temperature values.
  • the alarm should not be triggered when the temperature of the refrigeration circuit normally increases due to the play in the compressor cut-off because the temperature ⁇ 2 of the refrigeration chamber is near the low value of the range setpoint, under the control of the regulator.
  • the door opening sensor 45 controls, for example, the neutralization, for a predetermined time after opening, of the operation of the alarms and of the controls.
  • the information 45 on the opening of the door can be linked directly to an indicator and constitute a security for the verification of correct closure.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a cascade refrigeration circuit.
  • These circuits have the advantage of allowing reach very low temperatures.
  • the method of the invention can also be used for installations using demixing cycles. This type of installation makes it possible to reach lower temperatures, or at least equivalent to those of waterfalls. They use only one compressor, with mixtures of refrigerants, such as "Freon", whose physical states are different depending on temperatures and pressures. Consequently, it is entirely possible to mount the temperature sensors in the circuit of such an installation, in order to monitor its behavior and detect potential faults.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

1. A method for monitoring and protecting a refrigeration plant, in particular against deposits of additives present in the refrigerant fluid, of the type formed by a heat-insulating chamber equipped with an access door and refrigerated by the evaporator of a single or double circuit for the circulation of refrigerant fluid(s), the refrigeration plant comprising a sensor of the temperature (theta 2) of the heat-insulating chamber, a sensor (45) of the opening of the access door, these sensors being connected to a unit (40) for processing the data supplied by the said sensors, the said unit being in its turn connected to means for alarm and protection (48, 49, 50), the method being characterised in that : - the temperature (theta 1) of the refrigerant circuit is sensed at regular intervals and memorised ; - this information is compared in the course of time in order to calculate the direction of drift of the temperature ; - the alarm and protection means (48, 49, 50) are actuated when the temperature drift (theta 1) of the refrigerant circuit is positive and when the temperature (theta 2) of the heat-insulating chamber is outside a prescribed range.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de surveiller le bon fonctionnement des congélateurs à circuit de circulation de fluide frigorifique, et plus généralement des installations frigorifiques de ce type, afin de les protéger contre les dégâts provoqués par l'obturation des circuits de fluide frigorifique. L'invention concerne éga­lement une centrale de surveillance et de protection de tel­les installations frigorifiques.The invention relates to a method for monitoring the proper functioning of freezers with a refrigerant circulation circuit, and more generally of refrigeration installations of this type, in order to protect them from damage caused by the blockage of the refrigerant circuits. The invention also relates to a central monitoring and protection of such refrigeration installations.

On sait que les installations frigorifiques uti­lisant des circuits de circulation de fluide frigorifique, comme par exemple le "Fréon", présentent un certain nombre de risques d'accidents inhérents à cette technologie particu­lière.It is known that refrigeration installations using refrigerant circulation circuits, such as "Freon" for example, present a certain number of accident risks inherent in this particular technology.

Parmi ces risques, l'un de ceux qui a les réper­cutions les plus importantes est le figement de l'huile de lu­brification des compresseurs frigorifiques. En effet, les fluides frigorifiques employés actuellement contiennent gé­néralement des additifs tels que des catalyseurs physiques, ou des huiles de synthèse sous forme dissoute. Ces additifs ont généralement pour objet de prolonger la durée de vie des différents éléments du circuit frigorifique. Toutefois, il s'avère que ces additifs ont tendance à se séparer progressi­vement du fluide lubrifique de base, et à créer des dépôts, notamment dans le serpentin de l'évaporateur. Ces dépôts se présentent tout d'abord sous la forme de film isolant sur les parois internes du serpentin. Puis, la couche de dépôt s'accroît progressivement et provoque une perte de charge de plus en plus importante dans le circuit frigorifique, jusqu'à son obturation complète.Among these risks, one of those which has the most important repercussions is the freezing of the lubricating oil of refrigeration compressors. In fact, the refrigerants currently used generally contain additives such as physical catalysts, or synthetic oils in dissolved form. These additives are generally intended to extend the life of the various elements of the refrigeration circuit. However, it turns out that these additives tend to gradually separate from the basic lubricating fluid, and to create deposits, especially in the evaporator coil. These deposits are first of all in the form of an insulating film on the internal walls of the coil. Then, the deposition layer gradually increases and causes an increasingly significant pressure drop in the refrigeration circuit, until it is completely closed.

Il est clair que ce phénomène diminue tout d'abord progressivement l'efficacité de l'absorption calorifique de l'évaporateur, puis risque de provoquer la destruction du compresseur du circuit frigorifique en empêchant la circulation du fluide.It is clear that this phenomenon first of all progressively decreases the efficiency of the heat absorption of the evaporator, then risks causing the destruction of the compressor of the refrigeration circuit by preventing circulation. fluid.

Jusqu'à présent, les moyens mis en oeuvre pour éviter l'endommagement des circuits frigorifiques consistent à disposer des pressostats en amont ou en aval du compresseur, qui commandent la coupure de l'alimentation du compresseur, lorsque la pression décroît ou croît respectivement dans le circuit. Ces dispositifs permettent effectivement d'éviter l'endommagement du compresseur, mais leur principe de fonc­tionnement, à savoir la détection d'une perte de charge, intervient relativement tard dans le processus d'évolution du phénomène de figement des additifs, et ceux-ci se sont déjà déposés sur une couche importante dans le serpentin de l'évaporateur au moment du déclenchement des pressostats. Entretemps, le compresseur a fonctionné avec une lubrification in­suffisante et il faut en outre nettoyer les parois internes du serpentin pour remettre en route le circuit frigorifique.Until now, the means implemented to avoid damage to the refrigeration circuits consist in having pressure switches upstream or downstream of the compressor, which control the cut-off of the supply to the compressor, when the pressure decreases or increases respectively in the circuit. These devices make it possible to avoid damage to the compressor, but their operating principle, namely the detection of a pressure drop, intervenes relatively late in the process of evolution of the phenomenon of freezing of the additives, and these have already settled on a large layer in the evaporator coil when the pressure switches were triggered. In the meantime, the compressor has operated with insufficient lubrication and it is also necessary to clean the internal walls of the coil to restart the refrigeration circuit.

Pour pallier cet inconvénient du dispositif de l'art de la technique, l'invention a pour but de détecter le phénomène de dépôt des additifs à un stade beaucoup plus précoce.To overcome this drawback of the device of the prior art, the invention aims to detect the phenomenon of deposition of additives at a much earlier stage.

A cet effet, l'invention repose sur le fait qu'il est beaucoup plus judicieux de surveiller très étroitement la température du serpentin de l'évaporateur, plutôt que la pres­sion du circuit frigorifique. En effet, dès le début de la formation d'un film isolant sur les parois intérieures du serpentin, l'échange de chaleur se produit beaucoup plus mal. Or, grâce aux moyens actuels d'automatisation de la surveil­lance de l'information en provenance d'un capteur par l'in­termédiaire d'un micro-processeur, il est devenu possible de réaliser cette surveillance très étroite de l'évolution de la température. Plus précisément, on réalise par micro-processeur l'analyse fine de la valeur de la température du circuit fri­gorifique,relevée par capteur de manière quasi-continue ou en­core à intervalles réguliers très courts, et on peut ainsi détecter très rapidement lorsque la dérive de la température devient positive.To this end, the invention is based on the fact that it is much more judicious to monitor the temperature of the evaporator coil very closely, rather than the pressure of the refrigeration circuit. Indeed, from the start of the formation of an insulating film on the interior walls of the coil, the heat exchange occurs much worse. However, thanks to the current means of automating the monitoring of information coming from a sensor by means of a microprocessor, it has become possible to carry out this very close monitoring of the evolution of the temperature. . More precisely, a fine analysis is carried out by microprocessor of the value of the temperature of the refrigeration circuit, recorded by sensor almost continuously or at very short regular intervals, and it is thus possible to detect very quickly when the drift of the temperature becomes positive.

Le suivi très étroit de la température a en outre un avantage. En effet, dans certaines de leurs appli­cations, les congélateurs doivent fonctionner à une tempé­rature extrêmement précise. Ceci est notamment vrai pour la conservation par le froid de cellules vivantes. Dans ce cas, la surveillance de la température du circuit frigorifique permet une meilleure anticipation des variations de tempé­rature de l'enceinte thermo-isolante.The very close monitoring of temperature also has an advantage. Indeed, in some of their applications, freezers must operate at an extremely precise temperature. This is particularly true for cold storage of living cells. In this case, monitoring the temperature of the refrigeration circuit allows better anticipation of temperature variations in the heat-insulating enclosure.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé de surveillance et de protection frigorifique, du type cons­titué d'une enceinte thermo-isolante munie d'une porte d'ac­cès et réfrigérée par l'évaporateur d'un circuit de circu­lation d'un fluide frigorifique, caractérisé en ce qu'on capte à intervalles réguliers rapprochés et qu'on mémorise la température du circuit frigorifique, et en ce qu'on con­trôle que la dérive de la température est négative. Lorsque la température de l'enceinte se trouve hors d'une fourchet­te de consigne.To this end, the invention relates to a method of monitoring and refrigeration protection, of the type consisting of a heat-insulating enclosure provided with an access door and cooled by the evaporator of a circulation circuit of a refrigerant, characterized in that it collects at regular intervals and memorizes the temperature of the refrigeration circuit, and in that it checks that the temperature drift is negative. When the temperature of the enclosure is outside a set range.

Dans le mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, dans lequel la chaîne de réfrigération est un double circuit constitué de deux circuits frigorifiques montés en cascades, on capte la température dans l'échangeur de chaleur reliant les deux circuits.In the particular embodiment of the invention, in which the refrigeration chain is a double circuit consisting of two refrigeration circuits mounted in cascades, the temperature is sensed in the heat exchanger connecting the two circuits.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on capte chaque manoeuvre de la porte d'accès de l'enceinte, et on déclen­che une temporisation de neutralisation du fonctionnement de la centra­le de surveillance pendant un laps de temps prédéterminé après la der­nière manoeuvre de la porte afin d'éviter l'influence thermique parasite d'une charge qui aurait été introduite dans l'enceinte.According to another characteristic of the invention, each maneuver of the access door of the enclosure is captured, and a delay is deactivated for the neutralization of the operation of the central monitoring station for a predetermined period of time after the last maneuver of the door in order to avoid the parasitic thermal influence of a load which would have been introduced into the enclosure.

L'invention concerne également une centrale de sur­veillance et de protection pour l'installation frigorifique du type mentionné ci-dessus, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un capteur de la température du circuit de réfrigération, un capteur de la tempéra­ture de l'enceinte réfrigérée, et un capteur d'ouverture de la porte d'accès, lesdits capteurs étant connectés à une unité de traitement de données pour traiter les informations fournies par les capteurs, ladite unité étant à son tour connectée à des moyens de surveillance et de protection.The invention also relates to a monitoring and protection unit for the refrigeration installation of the type mentioned above, characterized in that it comprises a sensor of the temperature of the refrigeration circuit, a sensor of the temperature of the enclosure. refrigerated, and an access door opening sensor, said sensors being connected to a data processing unit for processing the information provided by the sensors, said unit in turn connected to monitoring and protection means.

Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de la centrale selon l'invention, elle comprend également des moyens d'affichage des valeurs de température relevées.According to a preferred embodiment of the central unit according to the invention, it also comprises means for displaying the temperature values recorded.

La centrale peut également être combinée avec une unité de régulation de la température de l'enceinte.The control unit can also be combined with a unit for regulating the temperature of the enclosure.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'in­vention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention donné à titre illustratif, ainsi que des dessins joints dans lesquels :

  • - la fig. 1 représente le schéma de principe d'un double circuit frigorifique en cascade auquel s'applique le procédé selon l'invention,
  • - la fig. 2 représente le schéma bloc d'une cen­trale de surveillance et de protection pour l'installation fri­gorifique selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention given by way of illustration, as well as the accompanying drawings in which:
  • - fig. 1 represents the block diagram of a double cascade refrigeration circuit to which the method according to the invention applies,
  • - fig. 2 shows the block diagram of a central monitoring and protection for the refrigeration installation according to the invention.

Si l'on se réfère à la figure 1, on note que le double circuit frigorifique pris à titre d'exemple pour concré­tiser la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention est cons­titué d'un circuit primaire 1 dont le fluide frigorifique tra­verse successivement un compresseur 11, un condenseur 12, un détendeur 13, un capillaire 14, et un évaporateur 15 dont la sortie est reliée au compresseur 11.If we refer to Figure 1, we note that the double refrigeration circuit taken as an example to concretize the implementation of the method according to the invention consists of a primary circuit 1 of which the refrigerant passes successively a compressor 11, a condenser 12, a pressure reducer 13, a capillary 14, and an evaporator 15 whose output is connected to the compressor 11.

Le circuit secondaire 2 monté en cascade, est parcouru par un fluide frigorifique indépendant de celui du circuit 1, qui transite successivement à travers un compresseur 21, un échangeur de chaleur 22 constitué d'une enceinte traversée par le serpentin de l'évaporateur 15 du circuit primaire 1, un détendeur 23, un capillaire 24, et un évaporateur 25, dont la sortie est reliée au compresseur 21.The secondary circuit 2 mounted in cascade, is traversed by a refrigerant independent of that of the circuit 1, which passes successively through a compressor 21, a heat exchanger 22 consisting of an enclosure through which the coil of the evaporator 15 of the primary circuit 1, a regulator 23, a capillary 24, and an evaporator 25, the output of which is connected to the compressor 21.

Pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'inven­tion, on a placé le capteur de température 30 du circuit frigo­rifique dans l'échangeur de chaleur 22. Ceci permet très avan­tageusement de contrôler directement l'évolution thermique des deux circuits primaire 1 et secondaire 2, puisque la tempéra­ture est prise à leur point de croisement.For the implementation of the method according to the invention, the temperature sensor 30 of the refrigeration circuit was placed in the heat exchanger 22. This very advantageously makes it possible to directly control the thermal evolution of the two primary 1 and secondary 2 circuits, since the temperature is taken at their crossing point.

On constate également sur la figure 1 qu'il est toujours possible de munir les circuits de pressostats de façon à obtenir une sécurité redondante.It can also be seen in FIG. 1 that it is always possible to provide the pressure switch circuits so as to obtain redundant security.

A cet effet, le circuit primaire 1 présente un pressostat haute pression de sécurité 16, communiquant avec la sortie du compresseur 11 à travers un capillaire 17. De la même manière le circuit secondaire 2 est muni de deux pressostats basse pression 26 et haute pression 27 communiquant respecti­vement avec l'entrée et la sortie du compresseur 21 à travers deux capillaires 28. Le montage de deux pressostats 26,27 dans le circuit secondaire permet le détecter doublement l'obtura­tion éventuelle du circuit du fluide, soit par augmentation de la pression en aval du compresseur 21, soit par diminution de la pression en amont.For this purpose, the primary circuit 1 has a high pressure safety pressure switch 16, communicating with the outlet of the compressor 11 through a capillary 17. In the same way the secondary circuit 2 is provided with two low pressure 26 and high pressure 27 pressure switches. communicating respectively with the inlet and the outlet of the compressor 21 through two capillaries 28. The mounting of two pressure switches 26,27 in the secondary circuit makes it possible to detect doubly the possible blockage of the fluid circuit, either by increasing the pressure in downstream of compressor 21, either by reducing the pressure upstream.

Enfin, chacun des deux circuits 1 et 2 peut com­porter une prise de remplissage et de mesure 19,29 respective­ment.Finally, each of the two circuits 1 and 2 may include a filling and measuring tap 19.29 respectively.

En figure 2, on a représenté un mode de réalisa­tion perfectionné de la centrale de surveillance et de protec­tion selon l'invention, à titre purement illustratif.In Figure 2, there is shown an improved embodiment of the central monitoring and protection according to the invention, purely by way of illustration.

L'unité de traitement 40 comprend un micro-proces­seur, fonctionnant de manière connue avec une horloge en temps réel 41, une mémoire RAM 42 et une mémoire ROM 43.The processing unit 40 comprises a microprocessor, operating in a known manner with a real-time clock 41, a RAM memory 42 and a ROM memory 43.

Les entrées de l'unité de traitement sont consti­tuées d'une part des informations de température en provenance des capteurs de température, et converties dans un convertis­seur analogique-numérique 44, et des entrées digitales prove­nant par exemple du capteur d'ouverture de la porte d'accès de l'enceinte thermo-isolante de l'installation frigorifique 45.The inputs of the processing unit consist on the one hand of the temperature information coming from the temperature sensors, and converted into an analog-digital converter 44, and of the digital inputs coming for example from the door opening sensor. of access to the heat-insulating enclosure of the refrigeration installation 45.

En sortie de l'unité de traitement 40, on trouve par exemple deux afficheurs 46,47, des sorties d'alarme et de signalisation 48, ainsi que des sorties de commande de coupure des compresseurs 49,50.At the output of the processing unit 40, there are, for example, two displays 46, 47, alarm and signaling outputs 48, as well as compressor cut-out control outputs 49, 50.

Dans la mise en oeuvre la plus simple de l'invention, le con­vertisseur 44 ne reçoit que l'information ϑ₁ provenant du capteur de la tem­pérature du circuit frigorifique.In the simplest implementation of the invention, the converter 44 receives only the information ϑ₁ coming from the temperature sensor of the refrigeration circuit.

L'invention consiste alors pour l'unité de trai­tement d'interroger en continu, ou à intervalle régulier, l'in­formation ϑ₁. Ces informations sont stockées en mémoire, et com­parées dans le temps de façon à pouvoir constater le sens de la dérive de la température. Dans le cas de fonctionnement normal, la dérive de la température doit être négative, c'est-à-dire que les valeurs ϑ 1 doivent décroître, ou tout au moins rester stables dans le temps.The invention then consists in the processing unit interrogating continuously, or at regular intervals, the information ϑ₁. This information is stored in memory, and compared over time so that you can see the direction of the temperature drift. In the case of normal operation, the temperature drift must be negative, that is to say that the values ϑ 1 must decrease, or at least remain stable over time.

Dans le cas contraire, si la dérive de la tempé­rature est positive, celà signifie que le circuit frigorifique est en train de se réchauffer. Ce signe est alors une indication très nette qu'un film isolant est en train de se former dans le serpentin de l'évaporateur 25 de la figure 1, avec le risque de lubrification insuffisante des compresseurs, d'échange thermi­que insuffisant, et à terme ,d'obturation du circuit frigorifi­que.Otherwise, if the temperature drift is positive, this means that the refrigeration circuit is heating up. This sign is then a very clear indication that an insulating film is being formed in the coil of the evaporator 25 of FIG. 1, with the risk of insufficient lubrication of the compressors, insufficient heat exchange, and ultimately , shutter of the refrigeration circuit.

Lorsque la tendance à l'augmentation de tempéra­ture est confirmée par une série de mesures successives, et ce avec une progression suffisament caractéristique, l'unité de traitement 40 active ses sorties 48 d'alarme et de signalisation, ainsi que les sorties de commande 49,50.When the tendency to increase in temperature is confirmed by a series of successive measurements, and this with a sufficiently characteristic progression, the processing unit 40 activates its alarm and signaling outputs 48, as well as the control outputs 49 , 50.

Les moyens d'alarme et de protection consistent par exemple à allumer des voyants d'alarme, à actionner un aver­tisseur, et également à couper l'alimentation des compresseurs du circuit frigorifique.The alarm and protection means consist, for example, of lighting alarm lights, actuating an alarm, and also cutting off the power to the refrigeration circuit compressors.

On note également en figure 2 que la centrale de surveillance et de protection selon l'invention peut être inté­grée à un système de régulation de température classique. Ce système de régu­lation consiste à entrer dans la centrale une fourchette de valeurs de température dans laquelle doit se maintenir l'enceinte thermo-isolante et à comparer en permanence ces valeurs de consigne avec les températures réelles en agissant sur le ou les compresseurs du circuit frigorifique pour recentrer les températures réelles dans la fourchette de consigne.It is also noted in FIG. 2 that the monitoring and protection unit according to the invention can be integrated into a conventional temperature regulation system. This regulation system consists in entering into the central unit a range of temperature values within which the thermal insulation enclosure must be kept and in constantly comparing these set values with actual temperatures by acting on the compressor (s) of the refrigeration circuit. to re-center the actual temperatures within the set range.

Dans ce cas, les valeurs de consigne sont par exemple rentrées à partir des touches d'un clavier 51, et l'une des entrées de température ϑ2 correspond à un capteur situé dans l'enceinte, par exemple à proximité de l'évaporateur. Les afficheurs 46 et 47 peuvent servir à afficher les valeurs ϑ1 et ϑ2, ou encore les valeurs de température de consigne.In this case, the setpoints are by example entered from the keys of a keyboard 51, and one of the temperature inputs ϑ2 corresponds to a sensor located in the enclosure, for example near the evaporator. The displays 46 and 47 can be used to display the values ϑ1 and ϑ2, or even the set temperature values.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, il est extrêmement avantageux de ne déclencher l'alarme que lorsque la dérive po­sitive de température ϑ1 du circuit frigorigique intervient lors­que la température ϑ2 de l'enceinte est en dehors, et plus pré­cisément au-dessus de la température de consigne. En effet, il convient de ne pas déclencher l'alarme lorsque la température de circuit frigorifique augmente normalement par le jeu de la cou­pure des compresseurs du fait que la température ϑ2 de l'enceinte frigorifique se trouve à proximité de la valeur basse de la four­chette de consigne, sous la commande du régulateur.In this embodiment, it is extremely advantageous to trigger the alarm only when the positive temperature drift ϑ1 of the refrigerant circuit occurs when the temperature ϑ2 of the enclosure is outside, and more precisely above the temperature of instructions. In fact, the alarm should not be triggered when the temperature of the refrigeration circuit normally increases due to the play in the compressor cut-off because the temperature ϑ2 of the refrigeration chamber is near the low value of the range setpoint, under the control of the regulator.

Pour la réalisation de l'invention, il faut éga­lement prendre en compte les perturbations qui peuvent être appor­tées par l'ouverture de la porte de l'enceinte thermo-isolante, et éventuellement par l'introduction d'une nouvelle charge ther­mique à l'intérieur de l'enceinte. Pour ce faire, le capteur 45 d'ouverture de la porte commande par exemple la neutralisation, pendant un temps prédéterminé après l'ouverture,du fonctionnement des alarmes et des commandes.For the realization of the invention, it is also necessary to take into account the disturbances which can be brought by the opening of the door of the thermo-insulating enclosure, and possibly by the introduction of a new thermal load to the inside the enclosure. To do this, the door opening sensor 45 controls, for example, the neutralization, for a predetermined time after opening, of the operation of the alarms and of the controls.

On peut noter en outre que l'information 45 sur l'ouverture de la porte peut être reliée directement à un voyant et constituer une sécurité pour la vérification de bonne fer­meture.It may further be noted that the information 45 on the opening of the door can be linked directly to an indicator and constitute a security for the verification of correct closure.

Enfin, la centrale selon l'invention permet éga­lement le cas échéant de mémoriser très exactement l'évolution des températures relevées, même si elles n'ont pas donné lieu à un déclenchement d'alarme, de façon à pouvoir en suivre les variations sur une période de temps relativement longue.Finally, the central unit according to the invention also makes it possible, if necessary, to memorize very precisely the evolution of the temperatures recorded, even if they have not given rise to an alarm, so as to be able to follow the variations over a relatively long period of time.

La description précédente d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention concerne un circuit frigorifique en cascade. Ces circuits présentent l'avantage de permettre d'atteindre des températures très basses. Toutefois, le procédé l'invention peut également être uti­lisé pour des installations mettant en oeuvre des cy­cles à démixion. Ce type d'installation permet d'at­teindre des températures inférieures, ou au moins équivalentes à celles des cascades. Elles n'utilisent qu'un seul compresseur, avec des mélanges de fluides frigorifiques, tels que le "Fréon", dont les états phy­siques sont différents selon les températures et les pressions. En conséquence, il est tout à fait possible de monter les capteurs de température dans le circuit d'une telle installation, pour en surveiller le com­portement et en détecter les pannes potentielles.The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a cascade refrigeration circuit. These circuits have the advantage of allowing reach very low temperatures. However, the method of the invention can also be used for installations using demixing cycles. This type of installation makes it possible to reach lower temperatures, or at least equivalent to those of waterfalls. They use only one compressor, with mixtures of refrigerants, such as "Freon", whose physical states are different depending on temperatures and pressures. Consequently, it is entirely possible to mount the temperature sensors in the circuit of such an installation, in order to monitor its behavior and detect potential faults.

On constate donc que le procédé décrit ci-dessus de surveillance et de protection d'une ins­tallation frigorifique à fluide caloporteur, et la centrale associée, permet de détecter très efficace­ment les prémisses d'une panne de ce type d'installa­tion. On a mentionné que le figement de l'huile de lubrification des compresseurs frigorifiques est l'une des causes de panne les plus importante. Mais d'autres anomalies sont également détectables, préalablement au déclenchement d'une alarme classique, telles que :
- les anomalies apparaîssant sur le ou les compresseurs frigorifiques;
- les fuites de fluide caloporteur dans le ou les circuits frigorifiques;
- le cas où la porte est laissée ouverte ou entrebaillée, notamment pendant une période de temps supérieure à celle de la temporisation de neu­tralisation du fonctionnement de la centrale de sur­veillance après la dernière manoeuvre de la porte.It can therefore be seen that the process described above for monitoring and protecting a refrigerant installation with heat transfer fluid, and the associated power station, makes it possible to very effectively detect the premises of a breakdown of this type of installation. It has been mentioned that the freezing of the lubricating oil of refrigeration compressors is one of the most important causes of failure. But other anomalies are also detectable, prior to the triggering of a conventional alarm, such as:
- anomalies appearing on the refrigeration compressor (s);
- leaks of heat transfer fluid in the refrigeration circuit (s);
- the case where the door is left open or ajar, in particular during a period of time greater than that of the time delay for deactivation of the operation of the central monitoring station after the last maneuver of the door.

Claims (7)

1°. Procédé de surveillance et de protection d'une installation frigorifique, notamment contre les dépôt d'additifs contenus dans le fluide frigorifique, du type constituée d'une enceinte thermo-isolante munie d'une porte d'accès, et réfrigérée par l'évaporateur d'un circuit de circulation d'un fluide frigorifique, procédé caractérisé en ce que :
- on capte à intervalle régulier et on mémorise la température (ϑ1) du circuit frigorifique;
- on relève à intervalle régulier la température (ϑ2) dans l'enceinte thermo-isolante de l'installation frigorifique;
- on déclenche des moyens d'alarme et de protec­tion (48,49,50) lorsque la dérive de la température (ϑ1) n'est pas négative, et que la température (ϑ2) se situe hors d'une fourchette de consigne.1 °. Method for monitoring and protecting a refrigeration installation, in particular against the deposition of additives contained in the refrigerant, of the type consisting of a heat-insulating enclosure provided with an access door, and cooled by the evaporator a circuit for circulating a refrigerant, process characterized in that:
- it is captured at regular intervals and the temperature (ϑ1) of the refrigeration circuit is memorized;
- the temperature (ϑ2) is recorded at regular intervals in the heat-insulating enclosure of the refrigeration installation;
- alarm and protection means (48,49,50) are triggered when the temperature drift (ϑ1) is not negative, and the temperature (ϑ2) is outside a set range. 2°. Procédé de surveillance et de protection pour installation frigorifique, notamment contre les dépôts d'additifs contenus dans le fluide frigorifique, du type constituée d'une enceinte thermo-isolante munie d'une porte d'accès et réfrigérée par l'évaporateur (25) d'un double circuit (1,2) en cascade de circulation de fluides frigorifiques, constitué de deux circuits indépendants (1,2) avec échangeur de chaleur (15,22) commun , procédé caractérisé en ce que :
- on capte à intervalle régulier et on mémorise la température (ϑ1) du circuit frigorifique au moyen d'un capteur de température (30) placé dans l'échangeur de chaleur (15,22);
- on relève à intervalle régulier la température (ϑ2) dans l'enceinte thermo-isolante de l'installation frigorifique; et
- on déclenche des moyens d'alarme et de protection (48,49,50) lorsque la dérive de la tempéra­ture (ϑ1) est négative et la température (ϑ2) se situe hors d'une fourchette de consigne.2 °. Monitoring and protection method for a refrigeration installation, in particular against deposits of additives contained in the refrigerant, of the type consisting of a heat-insulating enclosure provided with an access door and cooled by the evaporator (25) a double circuit (1,2) in cascade of refrigerant circulation, consisting of two independent circuits (1,2) with common heat exchanger (15,22), process characterized in that:
- It collects at regular intervals and stores the temperature (ϑ1) of the refrigeration circuit by means of a temperature sensor (30) placed in the heat exchanger (15,22);
- the temperature (ϑ2) is recorded at regular intervals in the heat-insulating enclosure of the refrigeration installation; and
- alarm means and protection (48,49,50) when the temperature drift (ϑ1) is negative and the temperature (ϑ2) is outside a set range. 3°. Procédé de surveillance et de protection d'une installation frigorifique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes complémentaires suivantes :
on capte chaque manoeuvre de la porte d'accès de l'enceinte thermo-isolante de l'installation et on déclenche une temporisation de neutralisation du fonc­tionnement de la centrale de surveillance pendant un laps de temps prédéterminé après la dernière manoeuvre de la porte, afin d'éviter l'influence thermique d'une charge qui aurait été introduite dans l'enceinte.3 °. Method for monitoring and protecting a refrigeration installation according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following additional steps:
each operation of the access door of the thermo-insulating enclosure of the installation is captured and a delay is deactivated for the operation of the central monitoring station for a predetermined period of time after the last operation of the door, in order to to avoid the thermal influence of a charge which would have been introduced into the enclosure. 4°. Centrale de surveillance et de protection d'une installation frigorifique notamment contre les dépôts d'additifs contenus dans le fluide frigorifique, du type constituée d'une enceinte thermo-isolante munie d'une porte d'accès, et réfrigérée par l'évaporateur d'un circuit de circulation d'un fluide frigorifique, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un capteur de la température (ϑ2) de l'enceinte réfrigérée, un capteur de la température (ϑ1) du circuit de réfrigération et un capteur d'ouverture (45) de la porte d'accès, lesdits capteurs étant connectés à une unité de traitement de données (40) pour traiter les informations fournies par les capteurs, ladite unité étant à son tour connectée à des moyens d'alarme et de protection (48,49,50).4 °. Central monitoring and protection of a refrigeration installation, in particular against deposits of additives contained in the refrigerant, of the type consisting of a heat-insulating enclosure provided with an access door, and cooled by the evaporator d '' a refrigerant circulation circuit, characterized in that it comprises a temperature sensor (ϑ2) of the refrigerated enclosure, a temperature sensor (ϑ1) of the refrigeration circuit and an opening sensor (45) of the access door, said sensors being connected to a data processing unit (40) for processing the information supplied by the sensors, said unit being in turn connected to alarm and protection means ( 48.49.50). 5°. Centrale de surveillance et de protection d'une installation frigorifique notamment contre les dépôts d'additifs contenus dans le fluide frigorifique, du type constituée, d'une enceinte thermo-isolante munie d'une porte d'accès, réfrigérée par l'évaporateur (25) d'un double circuit (1,2) en cascade de fluides frigo­rifiques, constitué de deux circuits indépendants (1,2) avec échangeur de chaleur (22,15) commun, caracté­risée en ce qu'elle comprend un capteur de la température (ϑ2) de l'enceinte réfrigérée, un capteur de la tempéra­ture (ϑ1) de l'échangeur de chaleur (15,22) entre les deux circuits, et un capteur d'ouverture (45) de la porte d'ac­cès, lesdits capteurs étant connectés à une unité de trai­tement de données (40) pour traiter les informations four­nies par lesdits capteurs, ladite unité (40) étant à son tour connectée à des moyens d'alarme et de protection (48,49,50).5 °. Central monitoring and protection of a refrigeration installation, in particular against deposits of additives contained in the refrigerant, of the constituted type, of a heat-insulating enclosure provided with an access door, cooled by the evaporator ( 25) a double circuit (1,2) in cascade of refrigerants, consisting of two independent circuits (1,2) with common heat exchanger (22,15), characterized in that it comprises a temperature sensor (ϑ2) of the refrigerated enclosure, a temperature sensor (ϑ1) of the heat exchanger heat (15,22) between the two circuits, and an opening sensor (45) of the access door, said sensors being connected to a data processing unit (40) to process the information supplied by said sensors, said unit (40) being in turn connected to alarm and protection means (48,49,50). 6°. Centrale selon l'une quelconque des re­vendications 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens d'alarme et de protection sont constitués par des voyants d'alarme et/ou des avertisseurs d'alarme et/ou des comman­des d'arrêt du fonctionnement des compresseurs frigori­fiques (11,21) des circuits frigorifiques (1,2).6 °. Control unit according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that said alarm and protection means are constituted by warning lights and / or alarms and / or stop operation commands refrigeration compressors (11,21) refrigeration circuits (1,2). 7°. Centrale selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications 4 à 6 , caractérisée en ce qu'elle est associée à un dispositif de régulation de la température (ϑ2) dans l'enceinte réfrigérée.7 °. Control unit according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that it is associated with a device for regulating the temperature (ϑ2) in the refrigerated enclosure.
EP19860402443 1985-11-05 1986-10-31 Method of protecting a refrigeration plant against deposits of additives in the refrigerant circuit Expired EP0227504B1 (en)

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FR8516355A FR2589561B1 (en) 1985-11-05 1985-11-05 METHOD FOR PROTECTING A REFRIGERATION SYSTEM AGAINST DEPOSITS OF ADDITIVES IN THE HEAT FLUID CIRCUIT, AND A CENTRAL IMPLEMENTING SUCH A METHOD

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FR2589561B1 (en) 1988-06-10
EP0227504B1 (en) 1989-09-20
DE3665767D1 (en) 1989-10-26
FR2589561A1 (en) 1987-05-07

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