EP0210973A1 - Push button key board - Google Patents

Push button key board Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0210973A1
EP0210973A1 EP86890151A EP86890151A EP0210973A1 EP 0210973 A1 EP0210973 A1 EP 0210973A1 EP 86890151 A EP86890151 A EP 86890151A EP 86890151 A EP86890151 A EP 86890151A EP 0210973 A1 EP0210973 A1 EP 0210973A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
button
mat
housing
buttons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86890151A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ing. Brabec Reinhard
Karl Formanek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG Oesterreich
Original Assignee
Siemens AG Oesterreich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG Oesterreich filed Critical Siemens AG Oesterreich
Publication of EP0210973A1 publication Critical patent/EP0210973A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2213/00—Venting
    • H01H2213/002—Venting with external pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2213/00—Venting
    • H01H2213/01—Venting with internal pressure of other switch sites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2213/00—Venting
    • H01H2213/01—Venting with internal pressure of other switch sites
    • H01H2213/014—Accumulator chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2221/00—Actuators
    • H01H2221/05—Force concentrator; Actuating dimple
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2223/00—Casings
    • H01H2223/002—Casings sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2223/00—Casings
    • H01H2223/034—Bezel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a touch dial block with a countermeasure for the push buttons guided in a push button switch mat made of elastic material, which at the points located between the push buttons on the one hand and their members, on the other hand, in a double-layered switching contacts located as pressure body reinforcements, the Switching mat in the areas around the pressure body has frustoconical bulges, which on the side facing the switching film together with cross-connection channels result in a coherent cavity system.
  • the object of the invention is to create a keypad which ensures optimal protection against moisture and against damage by liquids. According to the invention this is achieved in that all the contact edges with which the button housing is seated on the switching mat are covered with sealing ribs lying in one plane and that the cavity system is connected to the interior of the button housing by ventilation openings in the switching film and congruent openings in a pressure plate carrying the switching film are.
  • This embodiment has the further advantage that no electrical leakage current paths can occur, so that there is also an increased flashover resistance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a keypad, which in Fig. 2 in view and partially. is shown in several cuts.
  • buttons of the keypad are designated, which are arranged in a key housing 2.
  • the switching mat 3 is dimensioned such that it occupies the entire cross section of the upper part of the key housing 2, in which the key buttons 1, 1 'and 1''are guided, and thus separates the interior of the key housing 2 from the exterior.
  • the key housing 2 is provided with sealing ribs 8 on all contact edges with which it rests on the switch mat 3, which ribs are designed in a cutting shape and thereby achieve a strong sealing effect.
  • all sealing ribs 8 are arranged in one plane, so that there is an equal surface pressure in all parts of the switching mat 3.
  • the contact points of the sealing ribs on the switching mat 3 are indicated in Fig. 2 by dotted lines 9.
  • cavities result within the frustoconical arch, the volumes of which are greatly reduced when the associated key buttons are actuated, as shown in the key button 1 ′′.
  • all of these cavities are interconnected by transverse channels 10 to form an entire cavity system.
  • this cavity system is vented into the interior in such a way that both the switching film 5 and the counter-pressure plate 7 are provided with congruent ventilation openings 11 and 12, which the cavity system with Connect interior.
  • openings in the switching mat 3 in the switching film 5 and in the counter-pressure plate 7 are designated, which serve to accommodate dowel pins, not shown, of the key housing 2, by means of which the parts 3, 5 and 7 with the housing 2 are firmly connected.

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Push-button keyboard which is protected against the ingress of moisture. A switching mat (3) of elastic material, which provides the opposing forces for the key heads (1, 1', 1") guided in the key housing (2), is additionally used for sealing as well. To this end, all the tubular edges with which the key housing (2) is seated on the switching mat (3) are provided with sealing ribs (8) located in a plane. The cavities surrounded by the switching mat (3) are vented via openings (11, 12) in the switching foil (5) and in the opposing pressure plate (7) which lead into the key housing (2). <IMAGE>

Description

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Tastwahlblock mit einer die Gegenkräfte für die einem Tastengehäuse geführten Tastenknöpfe liefernden Schaltmatte aus elastischem Material, die an den zwischen den Tastenknöpfen einerseits und ihren Zugehörigen, in einer doppellagigen Schaltfolie angeordneten Kontakten anderseits befindlichen Stellen als Druckkörper wirkende Verstärkungen aufweist, wobei die Schaltmatte in den Bereichen rings um die Druckkörper kegelstumpfförmige Auswölbungen aufweist, die auf der der Schaltfolie zugewendeten Seite zusammen mit Querverbindungskanälen ein zusammenhängendes Hohlraumsystem ergeben.The invention relates to a touch dial block with a countermeasure for the push buttons guided in a push button switch mat made of elastic material, which at the points located between the push buttons on the one hand and their members, on the other hand, in a double-layered switching contacts located as pressure body reinforcements, the Switching mat in the areas around the pressure body has frustoconical bulges, which on the side facing the switching film together with cross-connection channels result in a coherent cavity system.

Mit der Einführung des schnurlosen Telefons ist das Problem der erhöhten Beanspruchung der Fernsprech-Handapparate aktuell geworden. Davon ist vor allem das Tastenfeld betroffen, da die Tastenknöpfe als einzige bewegliche Bestandteile auch die empfindlichsten sind. Die größte Gefahr ist hierbei die Verschmutzung und die Feuchtigkeit.With the introduction of the cordless telephone, the problem of increased demands on the telephone handsets has become topical. This affects the keypad in particular, since the key buttons are the only moving parts and are the most sensitive. The greatest danger here is pollution and moisture.

Die Erfindung hat dabei die Aufgabe gestellt, einen Tastwahlblock zu schaffen, der einen optimalen Schutz gegen Feuchtigkeit und gegen Beschädigungen durch Flüssigkeiten gewährleistet. Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erzielt, daß alle Berührungskanten, mit denen das Tastengehäuse auf der Schaltmatte aufsitzt, mit in einer Ebene liegenden Dichtrippen besetzt sind und daß das Hohlraumsystem durch Entlüftungsöffnungen der Schaltfolie und durch deckungsgleiche Öffnungen einer die Schaltfolie tragenden Gengendruckplatte mit dem Innenraum des Tastengehäuses verbunden sind. Mit dieser Ausführung ist noch der weitere Vorteil verbunden, daß keine elektrischen Kriechstromstrecken zustandekommen können, so daß auch eine erhöhte Überschlagsfestigkeit resultiert.The object of the invention is to create a keypad which ensures optimal protection against moisture and against damage by liquids. According to the invention this is achieved in that all the contact edges with which the button housing is seated on the switching mat are covered with sealing ribs lying in one plane and that the cavity system is connected to the interior of the button housing by ventilation openings in the switching film and congruent openings in a pressure plate carrying the switching film are. This embodiment has the further advantage that no electrical leakage current paths can occur, so that there is also an increased flashover resistance.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Tastwahlblock, der in Fig. 2 in Ansicht und z.T. in mehreren Schnitten gezeigt ist.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing. Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a keypad, which in Fig. 2 in view and partially. is shown in several cuts.

Mit 1, 1' und 1'' sind drei Tastenknöpfe des Tastwahlblockes bezeichnet, die in einem Tastengehäuse 2 angeordnet sind. Die federnde Lagerung erhalten die Tasten 1, 1' und 1'' durch eine Schaltmatte 3 aus elastischem Material, die unterhalb jeder Taste 1, 1' und 1'' je eine kegelstumpförmige Aufwölbung besitzt, innerhalb der das elastische Material verstärkt ist und einen Druckkörper 4, 4' bzw. 4'' bildet. Unterhalb der Schaltmatte 3 befindet sich eine doppellagige Schaltfolie 5, innerhalb der die der Durchführung der Schaltfunktionen dienenden Koontaktteile 6, 6' an den Koppelpunkten eines Kreuzschienen-Leitungssystems angeordnet sind.With 1, 1 'and 1' 'three key buttons of the keypad are designated, which are arranged in a key housing 2. The keys 1, 1 'and 1' 'receive the resilient mounting from a switching mat 3 made of elastic material, which has a truncated cone-shaped bulge underneath each key 1, 1' and 1 '', within which the elastic material is reinforced and a pressure element 4, 4 'or 4' '. Below the switching mat 3 there is a double-layer switching film 5, within which the contact parts 6, 6 'used to carry out the switching functions are arranged at the coupling points of a crossbar line system.

Bei Drücken eines Tastknopfes werden, wie dies in Fig. 1 anhand des Tastknopfes 1'' gezeigt ist, durch den Druckkörper 4'' die entsprechenden Kontaktteile in eder Schaltfolie 5 aneinandergedrückt und der Kontakt an der zugehörigen Koppelstelle hergestellt. Zur Aufnahme des auf die Schaltfolie 5 ausgeübten Druckes dient eine Gegendruckplatte 7, die aus Hartpapier besteht.When a button is pressed, as shown in FIG. 1 with the button 1 ″, the corresponding contact parts in the switching film 5 are pressed together by the pressure element 4 ″ and the contact is made at the associated coupling point. A counter pressure plate 7, which consists of hard paper, serves to receive the pressure exerted on the switching film 5.

Die Schaltmatte 3 ist so bemessen, daß sie den ganzen Querschnitt des oberen Teiles des Tastengehäuses 2, in dem die Tastenknöpfe 1, 1' und 1'' geführt sind, einnimmt und somit den Innenraum des Tastengehäuses 2 vom Außenraum trennt. Um diese Trennung auch flüssigkeitsdicht zu gestalten, ist das Tastengehäuse 2 an allen Berührungskanten, mit denen es auf der Schaltmatte 3 aufsitzt, mit Dichtrippen 8 besetzt, die schneidenförmig ausgebildet sind und dadurch eine starke Dichtwirkung erzielen. Überdies sind alle Dichtrippen 8 in einer Ebene angeordnet, so daß sich ein gleicher Flächendruck in allen Teilen der Schaltmatte 3 ergibt.Die Auflagestellen der Dichtrippen auf der Schaltmatte 3 sind in Fig. 2 durch punktierte Linien 9 angedeutet.The switching mat 3 is dimensioned such that it occupies the entire cross section of the upper part of the key housing 2, in which the key buttons 1, 1 'and 1''are guided, and thus separates the interior of the key housing 2 from the exterior. In order to make this separation also liquid-tight, the key housing 2 is provided with sealing ribs 8 on all contact edges with which it rests on the switch mat 3, which ribs are designed in a cutting shape and thereby achieve a strong sealing effect. In addition, all sealing ribs 8 are arranged in one plane, so that there is an equal surface pressure in all parts of the switching mat 3. The contact points of the sealing ribs on the switching mat 3 are indicated in Fig. 2 by dotted lines 9.

Zufolge der besonderen Gestaltung der Schaltmatte 3 ergeben sich innerhalb der kegelstumpfförmigen Aufwölbund Hohlräume, deren Volumina bei Betätigung der zugehörigen Tastenknöpfe, so wie bein Tastenknopf 1'' gezeigt, stark verringert werden. Um ein Ansteigen des Luftdruckes im jeweils verengten Hohlraum zuvermeiden, sind alle diese Hohlräume durch Querkanäle 10 zu einem ganzen Hohlraumsystem zusammengeschlossen. Wegen der Abdichtung des Innenraumes des Tastengehäuses 2 nach außen ist eine Entlüftung dieses Hohlraumsystems in den Innenraum vorgesehen und zwar in der Weise, daß sowohl die Schaltfolie 5 als auch die Gegendruckplatte 7 mit deckungsgleichen Entlüftungsöffnungen 11 bzw. 12 versehen sind, die das Hohlraumsystem mit dem Innenraum verbinden. Mit 13 sind deckungsgleiche, nur in Fig. 2 sichtbare Öffnungen in der Schaltmatte 3, in der Schaltfolie 5 und in der Gegendruckplatte 7 bezeichnet, die der Aufnahme von nicht dargestellten Paßstiften des Tastengehäuses 2 dienen, mittels derer die Teile 3, 5 und 7 mit dem Gehäuse 2 fest verbunden sind.As a result of the special design of the switching mat 3, cavities result within the frustoconical arch, the volumes of which are greatly reduced when the associated key buttons are actuated, as shown in the key button 1 ″. In order to avoid an increase in the air pressure in the respectively narrowed cavity, all of these cavities are interconnected by transverse channels 10 to form an entire cavity system. Because of the sealing of the interior of the key housing 2 to the outside, this cavity system is vented into the interior in such a way that both the switching film 5 and the counter-pressure plate 7 are provided with congruent ventilation openings 11 and 12, which the cavity system with Connect interior. With 13 congruent, only visible in Fig. 2 openings in the switching mat 3, in the switching film 5 and in the counter-pressure plate 7 are designated, which serve to accommodate dowel pins, not shown, of the key housing 2, by means of which the parts 3, 5 and 7 with the housing 2 are firmly connected.

Claims (1)

Tastwahlblock mit einer die Gegenkräfte für die in einem Tastengehäuse geführten Tastenknöpfe liefernden Schaltmatte aus elastischem Material, die an den zwischen den Tasten knöpfen einerseits und ihren zugehörigen, in einer doppelagigen Schaltfolie angeordneten Kontakten anderseits befindlichen Stellen als Druckkörper wirkende Verstärkungen aufweist, wobei die Schaltmatte in den Breichen rings um die Druckkörper kegelstumpfförmige Aufwölbungen aufweist, die auf der der Schaltfolie zugewendeten Seite zusammen mit Querverbindungskanälen ein zusammenhängendes Hohlraumsystem ergeben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Berührungskanten, mit denen das Tastengehäuse (2) auf der Schaltmatte (3) aufsitzt, mit in einer Ebene liegenden Dichtrippen (8) besetzt sind und daß das Hohlraumsystem (10) durch Entlüftungsöffnungen (11) der Schaltfolie (5) und durch deckungsgleiche Öffnungen (12) einer die Schaltfolie (5) tragenden Gegendruckplatte (7) mit dem Innenraum des Tastengehäuses (2) verbunden sind.Push-button selection block with a switching mat made of elastic material that provides the counterforces for the button buttons guided in a button housing, which has reinforcements acting as pressure bodies at the buttons between the buttons on the one hand and their associated contacts arranged in a double-layer switching film on the other hand, the switching mat in the Spreads around the pressure body has frustoconical bulges, which on the side facing the switching film together with cross-connection channels result in a coherent cavity system, characterized in that all contact edges with which the key housing (2) sits on the switching mat (3) are in one plane horizontal sealing ribs (8) are occupied and that the cavity system (10) through ventilation openings (11) of the switching film (5) and through congruent openings (12) of a counter pressure plate (7) carrying the switching film (5) with the interior of the button housing (2) are connected .
EP86890151A 1985-06-14 1986-05-23 Push button key board Withdrawn EP0210973A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1778/85 1985-06-14
AT177885A AT381814B (en) 1985-06-14 1985-06-14 KEY DIALING BLOCK

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0210973A1 true EP0210973A1 (en) 1987-02-04

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ID=3520773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86890151A Withdrawn EP0210973A1 (en) 1985-06-14 1986-05-23 Push button key board

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0210973A1 (en)
AT (1) AT381814B (en)
FI (1) FI862532A (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0322514A2 (en) * 1987-12-30 1989-07-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Keyboard switch system
GB2219691A (en) * 1988-06-13 1989-12-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Keyboards
US4980522A (en) * 1988-06-13 1990-12-25 Mitsubishi Denki Kabiushiki Kaisha Operating key switch unit
DE9216956U1 (en) * 1992-12-12 1993-02-11 Skultety, Ivan, 5000 Koeln, De
GB2260443A (en) * 1991-10-08 1993-04-14 Silitek Corp Switch.
GB2260444A (en) * 1991-10-08 1993-04-14 Silitek Corp Switch
EP0481193B1 (en) * 1990-10-16 1993-10-13 FRITZ HARTMANN GERÄTEBAU GMBH &amp; CO KG Miniature keyboard for electrical equipment
GB2353251B (en) * 1999-08-20 2002-03-20 Nec Corp Water-proof and dust-proof structure of key switch device
GB2409576A (en) * 2003-12-24 2005-06-29 Dale Mcphee Purcocks Keypad switch
WO2006067507A1 (en) * 2004-12-24 2006-06-29 In2Connect Inc. A switch
US7409888B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2008-08-12 Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems, Llc Cover for parking brake control valve button
EP2175465A1 (en) 2008-10-07 2010-04-14 Research In Motion Limited Sealed dome switch for mobile electronic device
US7973255B2 (en) 2007-01-15 2011-07-05 Purcocks Dale Mcphee Keyboards

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676607A (en) * 1969-11-25 1972-07-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pushbutton telephone dial
US3995126A (en) * 1975-04-03 1976-11-30 Magic Dot, Inc. Membrane keyboard apparatus
FR2330074A1 (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-05-27 Chomerics Inc Plastic sheet pushbutton keyboard - has conductors and contacts on flexible folded over plastic sheet separated by sheet with holes
DE3407380A1 (en) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-06 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Control display arrangement for an oven having a membrane switch
GB2144271A (en) * 1983-07-30 1985-02-27 Casio Computer Co Ltd Keyswitch structure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676607A (en) * 1969-11-25 1972-07-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pushbutton telephone dial
US3995126A (en) * 1975-04-03 1976-11-30 Magic Dot, Inc. Membrane keyboard apparatus
FR2330074A1 (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-05-27 Chomerics Inc Plastic sheet pushbutton keyboard - has conductors and contacts on flexible folded over plastic sheet separated by sheet with holes
DE3407380A1 (en) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-06 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Control display arrangement for an oven having a membrane switch
GB2144271A (en) * 1983-07-30 1985-02-27 Casio Computer Co Ltd Keyswitch structure

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0322514A2 (en) * 1987-12-30 1989-07-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Keyboard switch system
EP0322514A3 (en) * 1987-12-30 1990-09-12 Hewlett-Packard Company Keyboard switch system
GB2219691A (en) * 1988-06-13 1989-12-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Keyboards
US4980522A (en) * 1988-06-13 1990-12-25 Mitsubishi Denki Kabiushiki Kaisha Operating key switch unit
AU618061B2 (en) * 1988-06-13 1991-12-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Operating key switch unit
GB2219691B (en) * 1988-06-13 1992-09-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Operating key switch unit
US5274217A (en) * 1990-10-16 1993-12-28 Fritz Hartmann Geratebau GmbH & Co. KG Keyboard having keys with different heights
EP0481193B1 (en) * 1990-10-16 1993-10-13 FRITZ HARTMANN GERÄTEBAU GMBH &amp; CO KG Miniature keyboard for electrical equipment
GB2260443A (en) * 1991-10-08 1993-04-14 Silitek Corp Switch.
GB2260444A (en) * 1991-10-08 1993-04-14 Silitek Corp Switch
DE9216956U1 (en) * 1992-12-12 1993-02-11 Skultety, Ivan, 5000 Koeln, De
GB2353251B (en) * 1999-08-20 2002-03-20 Nec Corp Water-proof and dust-proof structure of key switch device
US6437267B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2002-08-20 Nec Corp. Water proof and dust proof structure of key switch device
US7409888B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2008-08-12 Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems, Llc Cover for parking brake control valve button
GB2409576B (en) * 2003-12-24 2006-01-18 Dale Mcphee Purcocks Keyboards
GB2409576A (en) * 2003-12-24 2005-06-29 Dale Mcphee Purcocks Keypad switch
US7723631B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2010-05-25 Purcocks Dale Mcphee Keyboards
WO2006067507A1 (en) * 2004-12-24 2006-06-29 In2Connect Inc. A switch
US7973255B2 (en) 2007-01-15 2011-07-05 Purcocks Dale Mcphee Keyboards
EP2175465A1 (en) 2008-10-07 2010-04-14 Research In Motion Limited Sealed dome switch for mobile electronic device
US8089017B2 (en) 2008-10-07 2012-01-03 Research In Motion Limited Sealed dome switch for mobile electronic device
US8507820B2 (en) 2008-10-07 2013-08-13 Research In Motion Limited Sealed dome switch for mobile electronic device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT381814B (en) 1986-12-10
ATA177885A (en) 1986-04-15
FI862532A0 (en) 1986-06-13
FI862532A (en) 1986-12-15

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