EP0175875B1 - Oil or gas burner for hot gas generation - Google Patents

Oil or gas burner for hot gas generation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0175875B1
EP0175875B1 EP85109292A EP85109292A EP0175875B1 EP 0175875 B1 EP0175875 B1 EP 0175875B1 EP 85109292 A EP85109292 A EP 85109292A EP 85109292 A EP85109292 A EP 85109292A EP 0175875 B1 EP0175875 B1 EP 0175875B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
mixing tube
openings
nozzle
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85109292A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0175875A1 (en
Inventor
Winfried Prof. Dr.-Ing. Buschulte
Erich Adis
Manfred Bader
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV DFVLR
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Priority to AT85109292T priority Critical patent/ATE34447T1/en
Publication of EP0175875A1 publication Critical patent/EP0175875A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0175875B1 publication Critical patent/EP0175875B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for generating hot gas with a nozzle from which a fuel jet enters a mixing tube, with a diaphragm surrounding the outlet of the nozzle, which burner housing into an upstream prechamber accommodating the nozzle and a downstream combustion chamber accommodating the mixing tube divided, with a central passage in the orifice for the passage of the fuel jet emerging from the nozzle and with a number of openings in the orifice surrounding the passage through which combustion air enters the mixing tube from the prechamber, the openings being located within a surface , which results from the projection of the clear mixing tube cross-sectional area onto the diaphragm, and the distance between the edges of adjacent openings is at least 50% of the opening diameter.
  • the fuel supplied centrally via a nozzle is supplied with combustion air via openings which are arranged in an orifice surrounding the nozzle.
  • the combustion air and the fuel are mixed downstream of the nozzle in a mixing room which is arranged in a mixing tube.
  • a flame front forms during operation, from which hot gases outside the mixing tube flow back to a recirculation opening at the upstream end of the mixing tube.
  • This object is achieved in a burner of the type described at the outset according to a first embodiment in that the orifice is arranged upstream of at least one air guide channel which merges smoothly into the openings at least in the region of the radially outer edges of the openings.
  • An air duct upstream of the orifice directs the combustion air approximately parallel before it passes through the openings and before it enters the mixing chamber, so that a less disturbed flow can be achieved. This prevents turbulence from being carried into the mixing chamber which would otherwise continue in the flame and in the recirculation flow and would lead to increased combustion noises.
  • the channel is formed by a tube piece surrounding the nozzle at a concentric distance.
  • a common air supply channel is thus assigned to all openings, which is formed by the annular gap between the inner wall of the pipe socket and the nozzle.
  • the annular gap can be arranged along a cone narrowing in the direction of flow. This additionally achieves an effect which reduces the turbulence in the air flow, which is particularly advantageous in particular in combination with an opening with an inclined longitudinal axis.
  • the noise-reducing effect of the pipe section is particularly favorable if its length is between 10 and 120% of its inside diameter in the transition area to the openings; this length is preferably between 20 and 70% of the inside diameter, and it is very particularly favorable if this length is between 30 and 50% of the inside diameter of the pipe section.
  • each opening is assigned its own air duct, which merges smoothly into the opening. It can also be provided here that the air guide channels narrow conically in the flow direction.
  • the air ducts can be arranged on a cylindrical surface concentrically surrounding the nozzle, in a modified embodiment they are arranged on a conical outer surface concentrically surrounding the nozzle. It is advantageous if the longitudinal axis of the channels is inclined between 3 ° and 6 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube, since then optimal mixing takes place in the interior of the mixing tube without the undesirable turbulence occurring.
  • the air duct can be worked into a common guide body concentrically surrounding the nozzle.
  • the length of these air supply ducts corresponds to 0.5 to 4 times the radial distance of the openings from the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, preferably to 2 to 3 times the radial distance of these openings from the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
  • the object is also achieved in a burner of the type described at the outset in accordance with a further embodiment in that the openings are chamfered on the side of the orifice facing the antechamber.
  • the chamfering of the openings in a multi-hole screen already leads to a considerable reduction in noise generation, since in this case too the combustion air gets into the mixing chamber more trouble-free.
  • the openings in the diaphragm can have a circular cross section, but it is also possible to use other cross sections, for example the openings can have the shape of ring sections.
  • the adjacent openings can lie on a common circle around the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, but they can also be offset from one another in the radial direction, so that, for example, openings are arranged on two concentrically arranged partial circles which are offset from one another.
  • the distance between the edges of adjacent openings is more than 50% of the opening diameter, in particular more than 100%.
  • An arrangement has proven to be particularly advantageous in which the longitudinal axes of the openings are inclined to converge in the flow direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube, preferably with an angle of inclination between 3 ° and 6 °.
  • This can be achieved by arranging the openings in the diaphragm itself or by deforming the diaphragm in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the openings are inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube.
  • the mixing tube has a larger diameter at its upstream end than at its downstream end.
  • the mixing tube can narrow in steps or conically.
  • the upstream end of the mixing tube has an inner diameter which is larger than the diameter of a circumferential circle lying on the outer sides of the openings; in a modified embodiment, the inner diameter can also be chosen so that it is equal to the diameter of this circumferential circle.
  • the mixing tube has a length that extends up to three times the inside diameter of the mixing tube inlet. This length of the mixing tube is slightly longer than the length of the mixing tube normally used. It has been found that this extension of the mixing tube leads to an additional reduction in noise.
  • This extended mixing tube can have openings in its jacket through which an ignition device projects into the mixing tube.
  • recirculation openings are provided in the jacket of the upstream end of the mixing tube adjoining the orifice and are arranged at a distance from the orifice so that there is a closed piece of pipe between the orifice and the recirculation openings located.
  • the length of the pipe section preferably corresponds to approximately 1/4 of the mixing pipe diameter.
  • a further pipe section adjoins the mixing tube downstream, the diameter of which is at most as large as that of the downstream end of the mixing tube.
  • This piece of pipe is advantageously at a distance from the downstream end of the mixing tube which is between 1/10 and 1/4 of the diameter of the mixing tube. It is advantageous if the length of this pipe section is between 1/2 and 1 diameter of the mixing tube, preferably 2/3 of this diameter. This measure also reduces the overall sound level, specifically in that a core flow is again pressed through a constriction after leaving the large mixing tube part, with the aim of dampening the vortex formation occurring at the inner mixing cone of the flow.
  • the invention relates to a wide variety of oil or gas burners and is discussed below using the example of a so-called blue burner, ie a burner in which oil is completely burned with a blue flame.
  • a so-called blue burner ie a burner in which oil is completely burned with a blue flame.
  • the invention is not limited to such blue burners; for example, the desired noise reduction can be achieved with the described constructional measures also for heating burners and yellow burners.
  • the burner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a cylindrical burner housing 1, which is subdivided into an upstream antechamber 3 and a downstream combustion chamber 4 by a wall, which is referred to below as an orifice 2.
  • the orifice 2 has a central passage 5, into which a nozzle 6 is inserted, which is connected to a fuel supply line 7.
  • the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 6 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the burner housing.
  • a cylindrical mixing tube 8 Downstream of the orifice 2 is connected to this a cylindrical mixing tube 8 which, via circumferential slots 9 immediately after the orifice 2, forms a connection between its interior 10 forming the mixing space and an annular space 11 serving as a recirculation space, which surrounds the mixing tube 8 concentrically.
  • An ignition device 12 is led from the prechamber through the diaphragm 2 and ends at the outlet end of the mixing tube 8, so that ignition can take place in this area.
  • a measuring probe 13 is inserted from the antechamber through the orifice 2 into the combustion chamber 4.
  • a number of openings 14, each with a circular cross section, are arranged, which establish a connection between the prechamber 3 and the interior space 10 surrounded by the mixing tube 8 in the combustion chamber 4.
  • the nozzle 6 is surrounded at a distance by a cylindrical pipe section 15 which extends up to the diaphragm 2.
  • the inside diameter of this pipe section 15 is selected such that the inner wall of the pipe section 15 merges smoothly into the openings 14 in the region of the outer edges of the openings 14, as is clear from FIG. 2.
  • the radius of the circle on which the openings 14 lie lies between the outer radius of the nozzle 6 and the radius of the inner wall of the tube piece 15, so that the openings 14 with the inner region of their edge are the envelope of the nozzle 6 touch, with the outside area the inner wall of the pipe section 15.
  • the number of openings 14 along the circle surrounding the nozzle is selected such that webs 16 remain between the openings, the width of which is at least 50% of the diameter of the openings 14. It is particularly advantageous if the inner diameter of the pipe section 15 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mixing pipe 8. This allows a maximum distance of adjacent openings in the circumferential direction to be achieved with a predetermined cross-sectional area of the openings 14, this maximum distance leading to the best possible noise reduction. If the inside diameter of the pipe section is increased beyond the inside diameter of the mixing tube, there is again an increase in noise despite the even greater distances between adjacent bores.
  • fuel for example gas or oil
  • the nozzle can be designed as an atomizing nozzle when using oil.
  • Combustion air is introduced into the interior 10 of the mixing tube 8 through the openings 14, so that fuel and combustion air mix intimately in the interior 10.
  • this mixture is ignited and burns in a flame front which is located approximately in the area of the outlet-side end of the mixing tube in accordance with the respective flow rate.
  • the combustion air is passed through the pipe section 15 through an annular channel 17 surrounding the nozzle 6 before the combustion air can enter the interior 10 of the mixing pipe 8 through the openings 14.
  • the air flow is calmed, so that the air passes through the openings 14 largely without turbulence.
  • the turbulence in the mixing tube 8 and in the combustion area is also reduced compared to a construction in which the air enters the mixing tube 8 directly from the prechamber without a guide channel upstream of the openings 14. Due to the low turbulence, there is a significant reduction in noise during the burning process itself.
  • the tube piece 15 is cylindrical in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 (solid lines).
  • the pipe section 15 has the shape of a truncated cone, and a parallel inner wall forms with the pipe section an annular gap 17 running along a truncated cone shell.
  • FIG Lines drawn Such an arrangement is shown in FIG Lines drawn. This arrangement also contributes to a calming of the air flow.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 A burner of similar construction is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, parts corresponding to one another have the same reference numerals.
  • the mixing tube 8 is frustoconical, the inlet end having an outer diameter which is substantially larger than the diameter of the circle on which the openings 14 are arranged. It has been found that this conical narrowing of the mixing tube leads to an additional reduction in noise during the burning process.
  • an air supply duct comparable to the pipe section 15 is missing. Instead, the openings 14 are chamfered on their side facing the prechamber 3. These chamfers, which are incorporated directly into the panel 2, also contribute to a substantial calming of the combustion air flowing into the mixing tube and thus lead to a reduction in noise
  • the nozzle 6 is surrounded by a guide body 18 into which axially parallel channels 19 are incorporated, in such a way that each opening 14 has its own channel 19 assigned.
  • the channels 19 enter the respective opening 14 smoothly.
  • the channels 19 have the same cross section over their entire length, but it can be provided that the channels 19 narrow in the direction of flow.
  • the channels 19 can run axially parallel in the guide body, as shown in solid lines in FIG. 5, but they can also be arranged on a conical jacket, as is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. It is advantageous if the inclination of the channels 19 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle is between 3 ° and 6 °. It has been found that optimal noise reduction can be achieved with such an arrangement. In this case, too, the channels themselves can still narrow in the direction of flow. It is important in this context that in all cases the channels 19 pass into the openings 14 smoothly, so that no turbulence can occur in this transition area.
  • the mixing tube 8 is extended compared to the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 4, so that the length is approximately up to three times as large as the inside diameter of the mixing tube inlet. This extension of the mixing tube also contributes to an additional reduction in noise.
  • the mixing tube in this exemplary embodiment has jacket openings 20 through which the ignition device 12 projects into the interior 10 of the mixing tube 8. These jacket openings 20 are located between the upstream and the downstream end of the mixing tube.
  • FIG. 7 A further preferred exemplary embodiment of a burner is shown in FIG. 7, in which corresponding parts are again identified by the same reference numerals.
  • annular space 21 which surrounds the nozzle 6 in the region of the opening 5 and which opens into an annular gap 22 surrounding the opening 5 is incorporated into the guide body 18.
  • the rinse gap 22 can be formed by the opening itself, which then has a diameter that is somewhat larger than the diameter of the nozzle 6 in this area.
  • the annular space 21 communicates with the prechamber 3 via channels 23, which run essentially radially in the guide body 18, so that combustion air can enter the interior not only via the channels 19 and the openings 14, but also for the channels 23, the annular space 21 and the annular gap 22. Since this combustion air occurs in the immediate vicinity of the fuel entering the interior, a particularly effective mixing can take place here, the introduction of turbulence into the interior by the combustion air being largely avoided. This measure also serves to reduce noise.
  • the mixing tube 8 is extended and has jacket openings 20.
  • the part 24 of the mixing tube located upstream of the jacket opening 20 has a larger diameter than the part 25 located downstream of the jacket opening 20.
  • the diameter of the part 24 is considerably larger than the diameter of the circle on which the openings 14 lie.
  • the axes of the openings 14 run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube 8.
  • these openings in the diaphragm in such a way that their longitudinal axes are inclined convergingly in the flow direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube, for example with an inclination angle between 3 ° and 6 °. This inclination can be generated by appropriate incorporation of the openings in the panel or by a deformation of the panel in the region of the openings 14.
  • the combustion air can be introduced into the mixing chamber largely without turbulence, so that a considerable reduction in noise can be achieved.
  • the overall sound level can be reduced, for example, by 8 to 10 dB (A) of the absolute value if you compare the noise level with that of a burner in which the combustion air enters the mixing room directly through the openings in the panel without suitable protective measures.
  • the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 8 is constructed in the region of the prechamber and the air inlet ducts like the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, in particular reference is made to this exemplary embodiment.
  • the burner differs from the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5, to the explanatory description of which reference is made only in that the circumferential slots 9 are at a distance from the orifice 2, so that a between the orifice 2 and the circumferential slots 9 Pipe piece 30 is formed with a closed outer surface.
  • This blank 30 has a length which corresponds to approximately 1/4 of the mixing tube diameter. It has been found that this has an effect on the formation of vortices in the mixing tube which reduces the overall sound level.
  • the burner in the region of the prechamber is designed in the same way as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 8.
  • the structure differs from that
  • Embodiment of Figure 7 only in that the inner diameter of the upstream part 24 of the mixing tube 8 corresponds to the diameter of the circumferential circle which surrounds the openings 14 adjacent to the outside.
  • the inside diameter of the downstream part 25 is correspondingly smaller. This version also helps to reduce the overall sound level.
  • FIG. 10 largely corresponds to that of FIG. 8. It differs from this only in that the mixing tube 8 is followed by a further, coaxially arranged pipe section 40 which is at a distance from the end of the mixing tube which is between 1/10 and 1 / 4 of the mixing tube diameter.
  • the length of the pipe section 40 is between 1/2 and 1 mixing pipe diameter, preferably 2/3 of this diameter.
  • the inside diameter of the pipe section 40 can be equal to the inside diameter of the mixing pipe 8 at its outlet, but the inside diameter of the pipe section 40 is preferably smaller, as is shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 10.
  • mixing tube can also be combined with one another in another way, for example a mixing tube can have circumferential slots 9 offset downstream and a pipe section 40 attached downstream, the mixing tube can also narrow in the flow direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a hot-gas generating burner comprising a nozzle discharging a fuel jet which then enters a mixing tube, and an orifice plate surrounding the outlet of the nozzle. The casing of the burner is divided by the orifice plate into an upstream-disposed precombustion chamber which includes the nozzle, and a downstream combustion chamber which contains the mixing tube. The orifice has a central passage for the fuel jet which is discharged from the nozzle and a number of openings surrounding the passage. In order to reduce the noise concomitant with the operation of the burner, the spacing between the peripheries of the neighboring openings equals at least 50% of the diameter of the openings, and/or the openings in the orifice plate are associated with at least one air duct in the direction of flow.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner zur Heißgaserzeugung mit einer Düse, aus der ein Brennstoffstrahl in ein Mischrohr eintritt, mit einer den Auslaß der Düse umgebenden Blende, die ein Brennergehäuse in eine stromaufwärts gelegene, die Düse aufnehmende Vorkammer und eine stromabwärts gelegene, das Mischrohr aufnehmende Brennkammer unterteilt, mit einem zentralen Durchlaß in der Blende für den Durchtritt des aus der Düse austretenden Brennstoffstrahles und mit einer Anzahl von den Durchlaß umgebenden Öffnungen in der Blende, durch welche Verbrennungsluft aus der Vorkammer in das Mischrohr eintritt, wobei sich die Öffnungen innerhalb einer Fläche befinden, die sich aus der Projektion der lichten Mischrohrquerschnittsfläche auf die Blende ergibt, und der Abstand der Ränder benachbarter Öffnungen mindestens 50 % des Öffnungsdurchmessers beträgt.The invention relates to a burner for generating hot gas with a nozzle from which a fuel jet enters a mixing tube, with a diaphragm surrounding the outlet of the nozzle, which burner housing into an upstream prechamber accommodating the nozzle and a downstream combustion chamber accommodating the mixing tube divided, with a central passage in the orifice for the passage of the fuel jet emerging from the nozzle and with a number of openings in the orifice surrounding the passage through which combustion air enters the mixing tube from the prechamber, the openings being located within a surface , which results from the projection of the clear mixing tube cross-sectional area onto the diaphragm, and the distance between the edges of adjacent openings is at least 50% of the opening diameter.

Derartige Brenner sind beispielsweise in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 3 109 988 beschrieben.Such burners are described, for example, in German Offenlegungsschrift 3 109 988.

Bei diesen Brennern wird dem zentral über eine Düse zugeführten Brennstoff Verbrennungsluft über Öffnungen zugeführt, die in einer die Düse umgebenden Blende angeordnet sind. Die Verbrennungsluft und der Brennstoff werden stromabwärts der Düse in einem Mischraum vermischt, der in einem Mischrohr angeordnet ist. Im Bereich des stromabwärts gelegenen Mischrohrendes bildet sich im Betrieb eine Flammenfront aus, von der heiße Gase außerhalb des Mischrohres zu einer Rezirkulationsöffnung am stromaufwärts gelegenen Ende des Mischrohres zurückströmen.In these burners, the fuel supplied centrally via a nozzle is supplied with combustion air via openings which are arranged in an orifice surrounding the nozzle. The combustion air and the fuel are mixed downstream of the nozzle in a mixing room which is arranged in a mixing tube. In the area of the downstream mixing tube end, a flame front forms during operation, from which hot gases outside the mixing tube flow back to a recirculation opening at the upstream end of the mixing tube.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß bei einem solchen Brenneraufbau zwar eine ausgezeichnete Verbrennung des Brennstoffes erreicht werden kann, daß aber die Geräuschentwicklung eines solchen Brenners noch relativ hoch ist.It has been found that excellent combustion of the fuel can be achieved with such a burner structure, but the noise level of such a burner is still relatively high.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen gattungsgemäßen Brenner so auszugestalten, daß die Geräuscherzeugung beim Brennvorgang herabgesetzt wird.It is an object of the invention to design a generic burner so that the noise generated during the burning process is reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Brenner der eingangs beschriebenen Art gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform dadurch gelöst, daß der Blende in Strömungsrichtung mindestens ein Luftführungskanal vorgelagert ist, der zumindest im Bereich der radial außen liegenden Kanten der Öffnungen stoßfrei in die Öffnungen übergeht.This object is achieved in a burner of the type described at the outset according to a first embodiment in that the orifice is arranged upstream of at least one air guide channel which merges smoothly into the openings at least in the region of the radially outer edges of the openings.

Ein der Blende vorgeschalteter Luftführungskanal richtet die Verbrennungsluft vor dem Durchtritt durch die Öffnungen und vor dem Eintritt in den Mischraum annähernd parallel, so daß eine weniger gestörte Strömung erreicht werden kann. Es wird dadurch vermieden, daß Turbulenzen in den Mischraum getragen werden, die sich sonst auch in der Flamme und in der Rezirkulationsströmung fortsetzen und zu erhöhten Verbrennungsgeräuschen führen würden.An air duct upstream of the orifice directs the combustion air approximately parallel before it passes through the openings and before it enters the mixing chamber, so that a less disturbed flow can be achieved. This prevents turbulence from being carried into the mixing chamber which would otherwise continue in the flame and in the recirculation flow and would lead to increased combustion noises.

Bei einer besonders einfachen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß der Kanal von einem die Düse in konzentrischem Abstand umgebenden Rohrstück gebildet wird. Somit ist allen Öffnungen ein gemeinsamer Luftzuführungskanal zugeordnet, der durch den Ringspalt zwischen der Innenwand des Rohrstutzens und der Düse gebildet wird. Der Ringspalt kann längs eines sich in Strömungsrichtung verengenden Konus angeordnet sein. Dadurch erzielt man zusätzlich eine die Turbulenzen in der Luftströmung herabsetzende Wirkung, die insbesondere in Kombination mit einer Öffnung mit geneigter Längsachse besonders vorteilhaft ist.In a particularly simple embodiment it is provided that the channel is formed by a tube piece surrounding the nozzle at a concentric distance. A common air supply channel is thus assigned to all openings, which is formed by the annular gap between the inner wall of the pipe socket and the nozzle. The annular gap can be arranged along a cone narrowing in the direction of flow. This additionally achieves an effect which reduces the turbulence in the air flow, which is particularly advantageous in particular in combination with an opening with an inclined longitudinal axis.

Die geräuschmindernde Wirkung des Rohrstückes ist dann besonders günstig, wenn seine Länge zwischen 10 und 120 % seines Innendurchmessers im Übergangsbereich zu den Öffnungen beträgt; vorzugsweise liegt diese Länge zwischen 20 und 70 % des Innendurchmessers, und ganz besonders günstig ist es, wenn diese Länge zwischen 30 und 50 % des Innendurchmessers des Rohrstückes beträgt.The noise-reducing effect of the pipe section is particularly favorable if its length is between 10 and 120% of its inside diameter in the transition area to the openings; this length is preferably between 20 and 70% of the inside diameter, and it is very particularly favorable if this length is between 30 and 50% of the inside diameter of the pipe section.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist jeder Öffnung ein eigener Luftführungskanal zugeordnet, der stoßfrei in die Öffnung übergeht. Auch hier kann vorgesehen sein, daß sich die Luftführungskanäle in Strömungsrichtung konisch verengen.In a further embodiment, each opening is assigned its own air duct, which merges smoothly into the opening. It can also be provided here that the air guide channels narrow conically in the flow direction.

Die Luftführungskanäle können auf einer die Düse konzentrisch umgebenden Zylinderfläche angeordnet sein, bei einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform sind sie auf einer die Düse konzentrisch umgebenden Kegelmantelfläche angeordnet. Es ist dabei günstig, wenn die Längsachse der Kanäle gegenüber der Längsachse des Mischrohres zwischen 3° und 6° geneigt ist, da dann im Inneren des Mischrohres eine optimale Vermischung stattfindet, ohne daß dabei die unerwünschten Turbulenzen auftreten.The air ducts can be arranged on a cylindrical surface concentrically surrounding the nozzle, in a modified embodiment they are arranged on a conical outer surface concentrically surrounding the nozzle. It is advantageous if the longitudinal axis of the channels is inclined between 3 ° and 6 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube, since then optimal mixing takes place in the interior of the mixing tube without the undesirable turbulence occurring.

Die Luftführungskanäle können in einen die Düse konzentrisch umgebenden, gemeinsamen Führungskörper eingearbeitet sein.The air duct can be worked into a common guide body concentrically surrounding the nozzle.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die Länge dieser Luftzuführungskanäle dem 0,5- bis 4-fachen Radialabstand der Öffnungen von der Düsenlängsachse entspricht, vorzugsweise dem 2- bis 3-fachen Radialabstand dieser Öffnungen von der Düsenlängsachse.It has proven to be advantageous if the length of these air supply ducts corresponds to 0.5 to 4 times the radial distance of the openings from the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, preferably to 2 to 3 times the radial distance of these openings from the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einem Brenner der eingangs beschriebenen Art gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform auch dadurch gelöst, daß die Öffnungen auf der Vorkammer zugewandten Seite der Blende angefast sind. Allein die Anfasung der Öffnungen in einer Mehrlochblende führt überraschenderweise bereits zu einer erheblichen Herabsetzung der Geräuschbildung, da auch in diesem Falle die Verbrennungsluft störungsfreier in den Mischraum gelangt.The object is also achieved in a burner of the type described at the outset in accordance with a further embodiment in that the openings are chamfered on the side of the orifice facing the antechamber. Surprisingly, the chamfering of the openings in a multi-hole screen already leads to a considerable reduction in noise generation, since in this case too the combustion air gets into the mixing chamber more trouble-free.

Bei allen vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen kann vorgesehen sein, daß in der Blende ein die Düse konzentrisch umgebender, dieser unmittelbar benachbarter Ringspalt angeordnet ist, der mit der Vorkammer in Verbindung steht. Durch diesen die Durchtrittsöffnung der Düse durch die Blende unmittelbar umgebenden Ringspalt kann zusätzlich sehr nahe an der Düsenlängsachse Verbrennungsluft in den Mischraum einströmen.In all of the above-described embodiments, it can be provided that in the diaphragm there is a concentrically surrounding nozzle which is immediately adjacent to it An annular gap is arranged, which is connected to the prechamber. Combustion air can also flow into the mixing chamber very close to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle through this annular gap which immediately surrounds the passage opening of the nozzle through the orifice.

Die Öffnungen in der Blende können einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt haben, es ist jedoch auch die Verwendung anderer Querschnitte möglich, beispielsweise können die Öffnungen die Form von Ringabschnitten haben. Die einander benachbarten Öffnungen können auf einem gemeinsamen Kreis um die Düsenlängsachse liegen, sie können jedoch auch in radialer Richtung gegeneinander versetzt sein, so daß beispielsweise auf zwei konzentrisch zueinander angeordneten Teilkreisen Öffnungen angeordnet sind, die gegeneinander versetzt sind.The openings in the diaphragm can have a circular cross section, but it is also possible to use other cross sections, for example the openings can have the shape of ring sections. The adjacent openings can lie on a common circle around the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, but they can also be offset from one another in the radial direction, so that, for example, openings are arranged on two concentrically arranged partial circles which are offset from one another.

Günstig ist es, wenn der Abstand der Ränder benachbarter Öffnungen mehr als 50 % des Öffnungsdurchmessers beträgt, insbesondere mehr als 100 %. Je größer das Verhältnis dieses Abstandes zum Öffnungsdurchmesser ist, desto stärker kann die Geräuschbildung herabgesetzt werden.It is favorable if the distance between the edges of adjacent openings is more than 50% of the opening diameter, in particular more than 100%. The greater the ratio of this distance to the opening diameter, the more noise can be reduced.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich eine Anordnung herausgestellt, bei der die Längsachsen der Öffnungen gegenüber der Mischrohrlängsachse in Strömungsrichtung konvergierend geneigt sind, vorzugsweise mit einem Neigungswinkel zwischen 3° und 6°. Dies kann durch entsprechende Anordnung der Öffnungen in der Blende selbst erreicht werden oder durch eine Verformung der Blende in der Weise, daß die Längsachsen der Öffnungen gegenüber der Mischrohrlängsachse geneigt sind.An arrangement has proven to be particularly advantageous in which the longitudinal axes of the openings are inclined to converge in the flow direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube, preferably with an angle of inclination between 3 ° and 6 °. This can be achieved by arranging the openings in the diaphragm itself or by deforming the diaphragm in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the openings are inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube.

Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, daß das Mischrohr an seinem stromaufwärts liegenden Ende einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist als an seinem stromabwärts liegenden Ende.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the mixing tube has a larger diameter at its upstream end than at its downstream end.

Dabei kann sich das Mischrohr stufenförmig oder konisch verengen.The mixing tube can narrow in steps or conically.

Es ist weiterhin vorteilhaft, wenn das stromaufwärts liegende Ende des Mischrohres einen Innendurchmesser aufweist, der größer ist als der Durchmesser eines an den Außenseiten der Öffnungen anliegenden Umfangskreises; bei einem abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispiel kann der Innendurchmesser auch so gewählt werden, daß er dem Durchmesser dieses Umfangskreises gleich ist.It is furthermore advantageous if the upstream end of the mixing tube has an inner diameter which is larger than the diameter of a circumferential circle lying on the outer sides of the openings; in a modified embodiment, the inner diameter can also be chosen so that it is equal to the diameter of this circumferential circle.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn das Mischrohr eine Länge hat, die bis zum dreifachen Innendurchmesser des Mischrohreinlasses reicht. Diese Länge des Mischrohres ist etwas größer als die normalerweise benutzte Mischrohrlänge. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß durch diese Verlängerung des Mischrohres eine zusätzliche Geräuschminderung eintritt.It is advantageous if the mixing tube has a length that extends up to three times the inside diameter of the mixing tube inlet. This length of the mixing tube is slightly longer than the length of the mixing tube normally used. It has been found that this extension of the mixing tube leads to an additional reduction in noise.

Dieses verlängerte Mischrohr kann in seinem Mantel Öffnungen aufweisen, durch die eine Zündeinrichtung in das Mischrohr ragt.This extended mixing tube can have openings in its jacket through which an ignition device projects into the mixing tube.

Bei einen weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel kann vorgesehen sein, daß in dem sich an die Blende anschließenden, stromaufwärts liegenden Ende des Mischrohres in dessen Mantel Rezirkulationsöffnungen vorgesehen sind, die im Abstand von der Blende angeordnet sind, so daß sich zwischen Blende und den Rezirkulationsöffnungen ein geschlossenes Rohrstück befindet. Vorzugsweise entspricht die Länge des Rohrstückes etwa 1/4 des Mischrohrdurchmessers. Mittels dieser Anordnung des Rezirkulationsfensters wird einmal erreicht, daß die Mischtemperatur erhöht wird, zum anderen wird jedoch damit auf die Wirbelbildung Einfluß ausgeübt. Dies macht sich im Gesamtschallpegel begünstigend bemerkbar, beispielsweise werden durch diese Maßnahmen Absenkungen des Gesamtschallpegels um 0,5 bis 1 dB(A) erreicht.In a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that recirculation openings are provided in the jacket of the upstream end of the mixing tube adjoining the orifice and are arranged at a distance from the orifice so that there is a closed piece of pipe between the orifice and the recirculation openings located. The length of the pipe section preferably corresponds to approximately 1/4 of the mixing pipe diameter. By means of this arrangement of the recirculation window, it is achieved that the mixing temperature is increased, on the other hand, however, influence is exerted on the vortex formation. This has a favorable effect on the overall sound level; for example, these measures reduce the overall sound level by 0.5 to 1 dB (A).

Es kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, daß sich an das Mischrohr stromabwärts ein weiteres Rohrstück anschließt, dessen Durchmesser höchstens so groß ist wie der des stromabwärts liegenden Endes des Mischrohres. Dieses Rohrstück hat vorteilhafterweise vom stromabwärts gelegenen Ende des Mischrohres einen Abstand, der zwischen 1/10 und 1/4 des Durchmessers des Mischrohres liegt. Es ist günstig, wenn die Länge dieses Rohrstückes zwischen 1/2 und 1 Durchmesser des Mischrohres liegt, vorzugsweise bei 2/3 dieses Durchmessers. Auch durch diese Maßnahme wird der Gesamtschallpegel herabgesetzt, und zwar dadurch, daß eine Kernströmung nach Verlassen des großen Mischrohrteiles abermals durch eine Verengung gepreßt wird, mit dem Ziel, die am inneren Mischkegel der Strömung auftretende Wirbelbildung zu dämpfen.It can further be provided that a further pipe section adjoins the mixing tube downstream, the diameter of which is at most as large as that of the downstream end of the mixing tube. This piece of pipe is advantageously at a distance from the downstream end of the mixing tube which is between 1/10 and 1/4 of the diameter of the mixing tube. It is advantageous if the length of this pipe section is between 1/2 and 1 diameter of the mixing tube, preferably 2/3 of this diameter. This measure also reduces the overall sound level, specifically in that a core flow is again pressed through a constriction after leaving the large mixing tube part, with the aim of dampening the vortex formation occurring at the inner mixing cone of the flow.

Es wird noch einmal besonders hervorgehoben, daß die vorstehend beschriebenen Maßnahmen zur Geräuschminderung besonders vorteilhaft in ihrer Kombination wirken, daß aber auch jede der Maßnahmen für sich allein zu der gewünschten Geräuschherabsetzung beiträgt.It is particularly emphasized once again that the measures for noise reduction described above are particularly advantageous in their combination, but that each of the measures alone also contributes to the desired noise reduction.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen der Erfindung dient im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung der näheren Erläuterung.The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention serves in conjunction with the drawing for a more detailed explanation.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1: eine Längsschnittansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brenners;
  • Figur 2: eine Schnittansicht längs Linie 2-2 in Figur 1;
  • Figur 3: eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 1 eines weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brenners;
  • Figur 4: eine Schnittansicht längs Linie 4-4 in Figur 3;
  • Figur 5: eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 1 eines weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brenners;
  • Figur 6: eine Schnittansicht längs Linie 6-6 in Figur 5;
  • Figur 7: eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 1 eines weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brenners;
  • Figur 8: eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 1 eines weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brenners;
  • Figur 9: eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 1 eines weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brenners und
  • Figur 10: eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 1 eines weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brenners.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a burner;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another preferred embodiment of a burner;
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another preferred embodiment of a burner;
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7: a view similar to Figure 1 one another preferred embodiment of a burner;
  • Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a further preferred embodiment of a burner;
  • Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a further preferred embodiment of a burner and
  • Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another preferred embodiment of a burner.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die unterschiedlichsten Öl- oder Gasbrenner und wird nachfolgend am Beispiel eines sogenannten Blaubrenners erörtert, also eines Brenners, bei dem Öl mit blauer Flamme vollständig verbrannt wird. Die Erfindung ist aber nicht auf solche Blaubrenner beschränkt, beispielsweise läßt sich die erwünschte Geräuschminderung mit den beschriebenen konstruktiven Maßnahmen auch bei Anwärmbrennern und Gelbbrennern erzielen.The invention relates to a wide variety of oil or gas burners and is discussed below using the example of a so-called blue burner, ie a burner in which oil is completely burned with a blue flame. However, the invention is not limited to such blue burners; for example, the desired noise reduction can be achieved with the described constructional measures also for heating burners and yellow burners.

Der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Brenner umfaßt ein zylindrisches Brennergehäuse 1, das durch eine im folgenden als Blende 2 bezeichnete Wand in eine stromaufwärts gelegene Vorkammer 3 und in eine stromabwärts gelegene Brennkammer 4 unterteilt wird. Die Blende 2 weist einen zentralen Durchlaß 5 auf, in den eine Düse 6 eingesetzt ist, die mit einer Brennstoffzufuhrleitung 7 verbunden ist. Die Längsachse der Düse 6 fällt mit der Längsachse des Brennergehäuses zusammen.The burner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a cylindrical burner housing 1, which is subdivided into an upstream antechamber 3 and a downstream combustion chamber 4 by a wall, which is referred to below as an orifice 2. The orifice 2 has a central passage 5, into which a nozzle 6 is inserted, which is connected to a fuel supply line 7. The longitudinal axis of the nozzle 6 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the burner housing.

Stromabwärts der Blende 2 schließt sich an diese ein zylindrisches Mischrohr 8 an, welches über Umfangsschlitze 9 unmittelbar anschließend an die Blende 2 eine Verbindung zwischen seinem den Mischraum bildenden Innenraum 10 und einem als Rezirkulationsraum dienenden Ringraum 11 bildet, der das Mischrohr 8 konzentrisch umgibt.Downstream of the orifice 2 is connected to this a cylindrical mixing tube 8 which, via circumferential slots 9 immediately after the orifice 2, forms a connection between its interior 10 forming the mixing space and an annular space 11 serving as a recirculation space, which surrounds the mixing tube 8 concentrically.

Eine Zündeinrichtung 12 ist von der Vorkammer durch die Blende 2 hindurchgeführt und endet am auslaßseitigen Ende des Mischrohres 8, so daß in diesem Bereich eine Zündung erfolgen kann.An ignition device 12 is led from the prechamber through the diaphragm 2 and ends at the outlet end of the mixing tube 8, so that ignition can take place in this area.

In ähnlicher Weise ist eine Meßsonde 13 von der Vorkammer durch die Blende 2 hindurch in die Brennkammer 4 eingeführt.In a similar way, a measuring probe 13 is inserted from the antechamber through the orifice 2 into the combustion chamber 4.

Auf einem den zentralen Durchlaß 5 in der Blende 2 konzentrisch umgebenden Kreis ist eine Anzahl von Öffnungen 14 mit jeweils kreisförmigem Querschnitt angeordnet, die eine Verbindung zwischen der Vorkammer 3 und dem vom Mischrohr 8 umgebenen Innenraum 10 in der Brennkammer 4 herstellen. Die Düse 6 wird im Abstand von einem zylindrischen Rohrstück 15 umgeben, welches bis an die Blende 2 heranreicht. Der Innendurchmesser dieses Rohrstückes 15 ist so gewählt, daß die Innenwand des Rohrstückes 15 im Bereich der außen liegenden Kanten der Öffnungen 14 stoßfrei in die Öffnungen 14 übergeht, wie dies aus Figur 2 deutlich wird. Dort ist auch ersichtlich, daß der Radius des Kreises, auf dem die Öffnungen 14 liegen, zwischen dem Außenradius der Düse 6 und dem Radius der Innenwand des Rohrstückes 15 liegt, so daß die Öffnungen 14 mit dem innen liegenden Bereich ihrer Kante die umhüllende der Düse 6 berühren, mit dem außen liegenden Bereich die Innenwand des Rohrstückes 15.On a circle concentrically surrounding the central passage 5 in the diaphragm 2, a number of openings 14, each with a circular cross section, are arranged, which establish a connection between the prechamber 3 and the interior space 10 surrounded by the mixing tube 8 in the combustion chamber 4. The nozzle 6 is surrounded at a distance by a cylindrical pipe section 15 which extends up to the diaphragm 2. The inside diameter of this pipe section 15 is selected such that the inner wall of the pipe section 15 merges smoothly into the openings 14 in the region of the outer edges of the openings 14, as is clear from FIG. 2. There it can also be seen that the radius of the circle on which the openings 14 lie lies between the outer radius of the nozzle 6 and the radius of the inner wall of the tube piece 15, so that the openings 14 with the inner region of their edge are the envelope of the nozzle 6 touch, with the outside area the inner wall of the pipe section 15.

Die Anzahl der Öffnungen 14 längs des die Düse umgebenden Kreises ist so gewählt, daß zwischen den Öffnungen Stege 16 stehenbleiben, deren Breite mindestens 50 % des Durchmessers der Öffnungen 14 beträgt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Innendurchmesser des Rohrstückes 15 geringfügig kleiner ist als der Innendurchmesser des Mischrohres 8. Dadurch läßt sich bei einer vorgegebenen Querschnittsfläche der Öffnungen 14 ein maximaler Abstand benachbarter Öffnungen in Umfangsrichtung erzielen, wobei dieser maximale Abstand zu einer bestmöglichen Geräuschminderung führt. Vergrößert man den Innendurchmesser des Rohrstückes über den Innendurchmesser des Mischrohres hinaus, ergibt sich trotz der noch größeren Abstände zwischen benachbarten Bohrungen wieder ein Geräuschanstieg.The number of openings 14 along the circle surrounding the nozzle is selected such that webs 16 remain between the openings, the width of which is at least 50% of the diameter of the openings 14. It is particularly advantageous if the inner diameter of the pipe section 15 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mixing pipe 8. This allows a maximum distance of adjacent openings in the circumferential direction to be achieved with a predetermined cross-sectional area of the openings 14, this maximum distance leading to the best possible noise reduction. If the inside diameter of the pipe section is increased beyond the inside diameter of the mixing tube, there is again an increase in noise despite the even greater distances between adjacent bores.

Im Betrieb strömt durch die Düse 6 Brennstoff, beispielsweise Gas oder Öl, in den Hohlraum. Die Düse kann bei der Verwendung von Öl als Zerstäuberdüse ausgebildet sein. Durch die Öffnungen 14 wird Verbrennungsluft in den Innenraum 10 des Mischrohres 8 eingeleitet, so daß sich Brennstoff und Verbrennungsluft in dem Innenraum 10 innig miteinander vermischen. Im Bereich des auslaßseitigen Endes des Mischrohres 8 wird dieses Gemisch entzündet und brennt in einer Flammenfront, die entsprechend der jeweiligen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit etwa im Bereich des auslaßseitigen Endes des Mischrohres lokalisiert ist.In operation, fuel, for example gas or oil, flows through the nozzle 6 into the cavity. The nozzle can be designed as an atomizing nozzle when using oil. Combustion air is introduced into the interior 10 of the mixing tube 8 through the openings 14, so that fuel and combustion air mix intimately in the interior 10. In the area of the outlet-side end of the mixing tube 8, this mixture is ignited and burns in a flame front which is located approximately in the area of the outlet-side end of the mixing tube in accordance with the respective flow rate.

Durch das Rohrstück 15 wird die Verbrennungsluft durch einen die Düse 6 umgebenden Ringkanal 17 hindurchgeführt, ehe die Verbrennungsluft durch die Öffnungen 14 in den Innenraum 10 des Mischrohres 8 eintreten kann. Bei dieser Führung durch den Ringkanal 17 wird die Luftströmung beruhigt, so daß die Luft weitgehend turbulenzfrei durch die Öffnungen 14 hindurchtritt. Dies führt dazu, daß auch im Mischrohr 8 und im Verbrennungsbereich die Turbulenzen gegenüber einer Konstruktion herabgesetzt werden, bei der die Luft ohne einen den Öffnungen 14 vorgeschalteten Führungskanal unmittelbar von der Vorkammer in das Mischrohr 8 eintritt. Aufgrund der geringen Turbulenzen ergibt sich eine deutliche Geräuschminderung beim Brennvorgang selbst.The combustion air is passed through the pipe section 15 through an annular channel 17 surrounding the nozzle 6 before the combustion air can enter the interior 10 of the mixing pipe 8 through the openings 14. With this guidance through the annular duct 17, the air flow is calmed, so that the air passes through the openings 14 largely without turbulence. As a result, the turbulence in the mixing tube 8 and in the combustion area is also reduced compared to a construction in which the air enters the mixing tube 8 directly from the prechamber without a guide channel upstream of the openings 14. Due to the low turbulence, there is a significant reduction in noise during the burning process itself.

Das Rohrstück 15 ist in dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zylindrisch ausgebildet (ausgezogene Linien). Bei einem abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispiel hat das Rohrstück 15 die Gestalt eines Kegelstumpfes, und eine parallele Innenwand bildet mit dem Rohrstück einen längs eines Kegelstumpfmantels verlaufenden Ringspalt 17. Eine solche Anordnung ist in Figur 1 mit strichpunktierten Linien eingezeichnet. Diese Anordnung trägt zusätzlich zu einer Beruhigung der Luftströmung bei.The tube piece 15 is cylindrical in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 (solid lines). In a modified exemplary embodiment, the pipe section 15 has the shape of a truncated cone, and a parallel inner wall forms with the pipe section an annular gap 17 running along a truncated cone shell. Such an arrangement is shown in FIG Lines drawn. This arrangement also contributes to a calming of the air flow.

In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist ein ähnlich aufgebauter Brenner dargestellt, einander entsprechende Teile tragen dieselben Bezugszeichen.A burner of similar construction is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, parts corresponding to one another have the same reference numerals.

Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Mischrohr 8 kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet, wobei das einlaßseitige Ende einen Außendurchmesser aufweist, der wesentlich größer ist als der Durchmesser des Kreises, auf dem die Öffnungen 14 angeordnet sind. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß diese konische Verengung des Mischrohres zu einer zusätzlichen Herabsetzung der Geräuschentwicklung beim Brennvorgang führt.In this embodiment, the mixing tube 8 is frustoconical, the inlet end having an outer diameter which is substantially larger than the diameter of the circle on which the openings 14 are arranged. It has been found that this conical narrowing of the mixing tube leads to an additional reduction in noise during the burning process.

Bei dem in Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel fehlt ein dem Rohrstück 15 vergleichbarer Luftzufuhrkanal. Statt dessen sind die Öffnungen 14 auf ihrer der Vorkammer 3 zugewandten Seite angefast. Diese Anfasungen, die unmittelbar in die Blende 2 eingearbeitet sind, tragen ebenfalls zu einer wesentlichen Beruhigung der in das Mischrohr einströmenden Verbrennungsluft bei und führen damit zu einer GeräuschherabsetzungIn the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, an air supply duct comparable to the pipe section 15 is missing. Instead, the openings 14 are chamfered on their side facing the prechamber 3. These chamfers, which are incorporated directly into the panel 2, also contribute to a substantial calming of the combustion air flowing into the mixing tube and thus lead to a reduction in noise

Bei dem in den Figuren 5 und 6 dargestellten Brenner, bei dem wieder entsprechende Teile dieselben Bezugszeichen tragen, wird die Düse 6 von einem Führungskörper 18 umgeben, in den achsparallele Kanäle 19 eingearbeitet sind, und zwar derart, daß jeder Öffnung 14 ein eigener Kanal 19 zugeordnet ist. Dabei treten die Kanäle 19 stoßfrei in die jeweilige Öffnung 14 ein.In the burner shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in which corresponding parts again have the same reference numbers, the nozzle 6 is surrounded by a guide body 18 into which axially parallel channels 19 are incorporated, in such a way that each opening 14 has its own channel 19 assigned. The channels 19 enter the respective opening 14 smoothly.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel haben die Kanäle 19 über ihre gesamte Länge denselben Querschnitt, es kann jedoch vorgesehen werden, daß sich die Kanäle 19 in Strömungsrichtung verengen.In the illustrated embodiment, the channels 19 have the same cross section over their entire length, but it can be provided that the channels 19 narrow in the direction of flow.

Die Kanäle 19 können in dem Führungskörper, wie in Figur 5 in ausgezogenen Linien dargestellt, achsparallel verlaufen, sie können aber auch auf einem Kegelmantel angeordnet sein, wie dies in Figur 4 strichpunktiert angegeben ist. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Neigung der Kanäle 19 gegenüber der Düsenlängsachse zwischen 3° und 6° liegt. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß bei einer solchen Anordnung eine optimale Geräuschminderung erreichbar ist. Auch in diesem Falle können die Kanäle selbst sich in Strömungsrichtung noch verengen. Wichtig ist in diesem Zusammenhang, daß in allen Fällen die Kanäle 19 stoßfrei in die Öffnungen 14 übergehen, so daß in diesem Übergangsbereich keine Turbulenzen auftreten können.The channels 19 can run axially parallel in the guide body, as shown in solid lines in FIG. 5, but they can also be arranged on a conical jacket, as is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. It is advantageous if the inclination of the channels 19 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle is between 3 ° and 6 °. It has been found that optimal noise reduction can be achieved with such an arrangement. In this case, too, the channels themselves can still narrow in the direction of flow. It is important in this context that in all cases the channels 19 pass into the openings 14 smoothly, so that no turbulence can occur in this transition area.

Das Mischrohr 8 ist bei dem in Figur 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel gegenüber den Ausführungsbeispielen der Figuren 1 bis 4 verlängert, so daß die Länge etwa bis zu dreimal so groß ist wie der Innendurchmesser des Mischrohreinlasses. Auch diese Verlängerung des Mischrohres trägt zu einer zusätzlichen Herabsetzung der Geräuschentwicklung bei. Um in diesem Falle des verlängerten Mischrohres eine Zündung in einem der Blende 2 nahen Bereich zu ermöglichen, weist das Mischrohr in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel Mantelöffnungen 20 auf, durch welche die Zündeinrichtung 12 in den Innenraum 10 des Mischrohres 8 ragt. Diese Mantelöffnungen 20 befinden sich zwischen dem stromaufwärts gelegenen und dem stromabwärts gelegenen Ende des Mischrohres.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the mixing tube 8 is extended compared to the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 4, so that the length is approximately up to three times as large as the inside diameter of the mixing tube inlet. This extension of the mixing tube also contributes to an additional reduction in noise. In order to enable ignition in a region near the orifice 2 in this case of the extended mixing tube, the mixing tube in this exemplary embodiment has jacket openings 20 through which the ignition device 12 projects into the interior 10 of the mixing tube 8. These jacket openings 20 are located between the upstream and the downstream end of the mixing tube.

In Figur 7 ist ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Brenners dargestellt, bei dem wiederum entsprechende Teile mit denselben Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind.A further preferred exemplary embodiment of a burner is shown in FIG. 7, in which corresponding parts are again identified by the same reference numerals.

Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist in den Führungskörper 18 ein die Düse 6 im Bereich der Öffnung 5 umgebender Ringraum 21 eingearbeitet, der sich in einen die Öffnung 5 umgebenden Ringspalt 22 öffnet. Der Rinspalt 22 kann durch die Öffnung selbst gebildet sein, die dann einen Durchmesser aufweist, der etwas größer ist als der Durchmesser der Düse 6 in diesem Bereich.In this exemplary embodiment, an annular space 21 which surrounds the nozzle 6 in the region of the opening 5 and which opens into an annular gap 22 surrounding the opening 5 is incorporated into the guide body 18. The rinse gap 22 can be formed by the opening itself, which then has a diameter that is somewhat larger than the diameter of the nozzle 6 in this area.

Der Ringraum 21 steht über im wesentlichen radial im Führungskörper 18 verlaufende Kanäle 23 mit der Vorkammer 3 in Verbindung, so daß Verbrennungsluft nicht nur über die Kanäle 19 und die Öffnungen 14 in den Innenraum eintreten kann, sondern zusätzlich auch für die Kanäle 23, den Ringraum 21 und den Ringspalt 22. Da diese Verbrennungsluft in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft des in den Innenraum eintretenden Brennstoffes eintritt, kann hier eine besonders wirksame Vermischung stattfinden, wobei die Einführung von Turbulenzen in den Innenraum durch die Verbrennungsluft weitgehend vermieden wird. Auch diese Maßnahme dient der Herabsetzung der Geräuschentwicklung.The annular space 21 communicates with the prechamber 3 via channels 23, which run essentially radially in the guide body 18, so that combustion air can enter the interior not only via the channels 19 and the openings 14, but also for the channels 23, the annular space 21 and the annular gap 22. Since this combustion air occurs in the immediate vicinity of the fuel entering the interior, a particularly effective mixing can take place here, the introduction of turbulence into the interior by the combustion air being largely avoided. This measure also serves to reduce noise.

Das Mischrohr 8 ist ebenso wie im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 5 verlängert und weist Mantelöffnungen 20 auf. Zusätzlich weist der stromaufwärts der Mantelöffnung 20 gelegene Teil 24 des Mischrohres einen größeren Durchmesser auf als der stromabwärts der Mantelöffnung 20 gelegene Teil 25. Dabei ist der Durchmesser des Teils 24 erheblich größer als der Durchmesser des Kreises, auf dem die Öffnungen 14 liegen. Bei dieser Ausführung sind somit die Maßnahmen der Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 3 und 5, also die Verengung des Mischrohres in Strömungsrichtung und die Verlängerung des Mischrohres miteinander kombiniert.As in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5, the mixing tube 8 is extended and has jacket openings 20. In addition, the part 24 of the mixing tube located upstream of the jacket opening 20 has a larger diameter than the part 25 located downstream of the jacket opening 20. The diameter of the part 24 is considerably larger than the diameter of the circle on which the openings 14 lie. In this embodiment, the measures of the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 3 and 5, that is to say the narrowing of the mixing tube in the direction of flow and the extension of the mixing tube, are combined with one another.

Bei allen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen verlaufen die Achsen der Öffnungen 14 parallel zur Längsachse des Mischrohres 8. Es ist jedoch möglich, diese Öffnungen so in der Blende anzuordnen, daß ihre Längsachsen gegenüber der Längsachse des Mischrohres in Strömungsrichtung konvergierend geneigt sind, beispielsweise mit einem Neigungswinkel zwischen 3° und 6°. Diese Neigung kann durch entsprechende Einarbeitung der Öffnungen in die Blende erzeugt werden oder durch eine Verformung der Blende im Bereich der Öffnungen 14. Es hat sich dabei herausgestellt, daß durch diese geringfügige Neigung der Öffnungslängsachse und damit durch die in Richtung auf die Mischrohrlängsachse geneigte Strömungsrichtung der einströmenden Verbrennungsluft bei gleichzeitiger Verbesserung der Durchmischung sich eine zusätzliche Herabsetzung der Geräuschentwicklung ergibt.In all of the exemplary embodiments shown, the axes of the openings 14 run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube 8. However, it is possible to arrange these openings in the diaphragm in such a way that their longitudinal axes are inclined convergingly in the flow direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube, for example with an inclination angle between 3 ° and 6 °. This inclination can be generated by appropriate incorporation of the openings in the panel or by a deformation of the panel in the region of the openings 14. It has been found that this slight inclination of the The longitudinal axis of the opening and thus the flow direction of the incoming combustion air, which is inclined in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube, while at the same time improving the mixing, results in an additional reduction in noise.

Bei Verwendung der beschriebenen Konstruktionsmerkmale läßt sich die Verbrennungsluft weitgehend turbulenzfrei in den Mischraum einleiten, so daß dadurch eine erhebliche Reduzierung der Geräuschbildung erreicht werden kann. Der Gesamtschallpegel läßt sich beispielsweise um 8 bis 10 dB(A) des Absolutwertes senken, wenn man die Geräuschbildung mit der eines Brenners vergleicht, bei dem die Verbrennungsluft ohne geeignete Schutzmaßnahmen unmittelbar durch die Öffnungen in der Blende in den Mischraum eintritt.When using the design features described, the combustion air can be introduced into the mixing chamber largely without turbulence, so that a considerable reduction in noise can be achieved. The overall sound level can be reduced, for example, by 8 to 10 dB (A) of the absolute value if you compare the noise level with that of a burner in which the combustion air enters the mixing room directly through the openings in the panel without suitable protective measures.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 8 ist im Bereich der Vorkammer und der Lufteinlaßkanäle aufgebaut wie das Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 3, insbesondere wird auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel Bezug genommen.The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 8 is constructed in the region of the prechamber and the air inlet ducts like the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, in particular reference is made to this exemplary embodiment.

Im Bereich der Brennkammer 4 unterscheidet sich der Brenner von dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 5, auf dessen erläutende Beschreibung Bezug genommen wird, nur dadurch, daß die Umfangsschlitze 9 von der Blende 2 einen Abstand haben, so daß zwischen der Blende 2 und den Umfangsschlitzen 9 ein Rohrstück 30 mit geschlossener Mantelfläche ausgebildet wird.In the area of the combustion chamber 4, the burner differs from the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5, to the explanatory description of which reference is made only in that the circumferential slots 9 are at a distance from the orifice 2, so that a between the orifice 2 and the circumferential slots 9 Pipe piece 30 is formed with a closed outer surface.

Dieses Rohstück 30 hat eine Länge, die etwa 1/4 des Mischrohrdurchmessers entspricht. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß damit auf die Wirbelbildung im Mischrohr ein den Gesamtschallpegel herabsetzender Einfluß ausgeübt wird.This blank 30 has a length which corresponds to approximately 1/4 of the mixing tube diameter. It has been found that this has an effect on the formation of vortices in the mixing tube which reduces the overall sound level.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 9 ist der Brenner im Bereich der Vorkammer ebenso ausgebildet wie im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 8. Im Bereich der Brennkammer 4 unterscheidet sich der Aufbau gegenüber demIn the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 9, the burner in the region of the prechamber is designed in the same way as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 8. In the region of the combustion chamber 4, the structure differs from that

Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 7 nur dadurch, daß der Innendurchmesser des stromaufwärts liegenden Teiles 24 des Mischrohres 8 dem Durchmesser des Umfangskreises entspricht, der die Öffnungen 14 aussen anliegend umgibt. Der Innendurchmesser des stromabwärts liegenden Teils 25 ist entsprechend geringer. Auch diese Ausführung trägt zur Herabsetzung des Gesamtschallpegels bei.Embodiment of Figure 7 only in that the inner diameter of the upstream part 24 of the mixing tube 8 corresponds to the diameter of the circumferential circle which surrounds the openings 14 adjacent to the outside. The inside diameter of the downstream part 25 is correspondingly smaller. This version also helps to reduce the overall sound level.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 10 entspricht weitgehend dem der Figur 8. Es unterscheidet sich von diesem nur dadurch, daß sich an das Mischrohr 8 ein weiteres, koaxial angeordnetes Rohrstück 40 anschließt, welches vom Mischrohrende einen Abstand aufweist, der zwischen 1/10 und 1/4 des Mischrohrdurchmessers liegt. Die Länge des Rohrstückes 40 liegt zwischen 1/2 und 1 Mischrohrdurchmesser, vorzugsweise bei 2/3 dieses Durchmessers. Der Innendurchmesser des Rohrstückes 40 kann gleich dem Innendurchmesser des Mischrohres 8 an dessen Auslaß sein, vorzugsweise ist der Innendurchmesser des Rohrstückes 40 aber kleiner, so wie dies im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 10 dargestellt ist.The embodiment of FIG. 10 largely corresponds to that of FIG. 8. It differs from this only in that the mixing tube 8 is followed by a further, coaxially arranged pipe section 40 which is at a distance from the end of the mixing tube which is between 1/10 and 1 / 4 of the mixing tube diameter. The length of the pipe section 40 is between 1/2 and 1 mixing pipe diameter, preferably 2/3 of this diameter. The inside diameter of the pipe section 40 can be equal to the inside diameter of the mixing pipe 8 at its outlet, but the inside diameter of the pipe section 40 is preferably smaller, as is shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 10.

Durch dieses angesetzt Rohrstück wird eine Kernströmung nach Verlassen des Mischrohres abermals durch eine Verengung gepreßt, wobei die am inneren Mischkegel der Strömung auftretende Wirbelbildung gedämpft wird. Auch dies trägt zu einer Reduzierung des Gesamtschallpegels bei.Through this piece of pipe attached, a core flow is again pressed through a constriction after leaving the mixing pipe, the vortex formation occurring at the inner mixing cone of the flow being dampened. This also contributes to a reduction in the overall sound level.

Die unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungsmerkmale des Mischrohres können auch in anderer Weise miteinander kombiniert werden, beispielsweise kann ein Mischrohr stromabwärts versetzte Umfangsschlitze 9 und ein stromabwärts angesetztes Rohrstück 40 aufweisen, das Mischrohr kann sich dabei auch in Strömungsrichtung verengen.The different design features of the mixing tube can also be combined with one another in another way, for example a mixing tube can have circumferential slots 9 offset downstream and a pipe section 40 attached downstream, the mixing tube can also narrow in the flow direction.

Ebenso können die unterschiedlichen Mischrohrausgestaltungen mit den unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungen im Bereich der Vorkammer, die im Rahmen diese Anmeldung erörtert sind, beliebig kombiniert werden.Likewise, the different mixing tube configurations can be combined with the various configurations in the area of the prechamber which are discussed in the context of this application.

Claims (24)

1. A burner for hot gas generation comprising a nozzle (6), a fuel jet flowing out of said nozzle and entering a mixing tube (8), an orifice plate (2) surrounding the outlet of the nozzle (6) and dividing a burner housing (1) into an upstream precombustion chamber (3) containing the nozzle (6) and a downstream combustion chamber (4) containing the mixing tube (8), a central passage (5) in the orifice plate (2) for passage of the fuel jet flowing out of the nozzle (6) and a number of openings (14) in the orifice plate (2), said openings surrounding the passage (5) and combustion air from the precombustion chamber (3) entering the mixing tube (8) through said openings, wherein the openings (14) are located within a surface defined by the projection of the clear cross-sectional area of the mixing tube onto the orifice plate (2) and the space between the peripheries of adjacent openings (14) is at least 50 % of the opening diameter,
characterized in that at least one air supply channel (annular space 17; channels 19) is provided upstream of the orifice plate (2) in the direction of flow and said channel merges smoothly into the openings (14) at least in the region of the radially externally disposed peripheries of the openings (14).
2. Burner as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the channel (annular space 17) is formed by a tubular member (15) surrounding and concentrically spaced from the nozzle (6).
3. Burner as defined in claim 2, characterized in that the channel (annular space 17) extends along a cone tapering in the direction of flow.
4. Burner as defined in either of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the length of the tubular member (15) is between 10 % and 120 % of its interior diameter in the area of transition to the openings (14).
5. Burner as defined in claim 1, characterized in that each opening is associated with a separate air supply channel (19) merging smoothly into said opening (14).
6. Burner as defined in claim 5, characterized in that the air supply channels (19) taper conically in the direction of flow.
7. Burner as defined in either of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the air supply channels (19) are incorporated into a common guide member (18) concentrically surrounding the nozzle (6).
8. Burner as defined in either of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the length of the air supply channels (channels 19) corresponds to 0.5 to 5 times the radial spacing of the openings (14) from the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
9. Burner for hot gas generation comprising a nozzle (6), a fuel jet flowing out of said nozzle and entering a mixing tube (8), an orifice plate (2) surrounding the outlet of the nozzle (6) and dividing a burner housing (1) into an upstream precombustion chamber (3) containing the nozzle (6) and a downstream combustion chamber (4) containing the mixing tube (8), a central passage (5) in the orifice plate (2) for passage of the fuel jet flowing out of the nozzle (6) and a number of openings (14) in the orifice plate (2), said openings surrounding the passage (5) and combustion air from the precombustion chamber (3) entering the mixing tube (8) through said openings, wherein the openings (14) are located within a surface defined by the projection of the clear cross-sectional area of the mixing tube onto the orifice plate (2) and the space between the peripheries of adjacent openings (14) is at least 50 % of the opening diameter, characterized in that the openings (14) are chamfered on the side of the orifice plate (2) facing the precombustion chamber (3).
10. Burner as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that an annular slot (22) is disposed in the orifice plate (2), said slot concentrically surrounding and being directly adjacent the nozzle (6) and communicating with the precombustion chamber (3).
11. Burner as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacing between the peripheries of adjacent openings (14) is more than 100 % of the diameter of the openings.
12. Burner as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal axes of the openings (14) are inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the mixing tube and converge in the direction of flow.
13. Burner as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the upstream end of the mixing tube (8) is greater than the diameter of its downstream end.
14. Burner as defined in claim 13, characterized in that the mixing tube (8) narrows in steps.
15. Burner as defined in claim 13, characterized in that the mixing tube (8) narrows conically.
16. Burner as defined in any of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the interior diameter of the upstream end of the mixing tube (8) is greater than the diameter of a circumferential circle lying adjacent the peripheries of the openings (14).
17. Burner as defined in any of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the interior diameter of the upstream end of the mixing tube (8) is equal to the diameter of a circumferential circle lying adjacent the peripheries of the openings (14).
18. Burner as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the mixing tube (8) is up to three times the interior diameter of the inlet of the mixing tube.
19. Burner as defined in claim 18, characterized in that the mixing tube (8) has openings (20) in its wall, through which an ignition device (12) projects into the mixing tube (8).
20. Burner as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that recirculation ports (9) are provided in the wall of the mixing tube (8) at its upstream end adjoining the orifice plate (2), said ports being spaced from the orifice plate (2) such that a closed tubular portion (30) is located between orifice plate (2) and the recirculation ports (9).
21. Burner as defined in claim 20, characterized in that the length of the tubular portion (30) is approximately 1/4 of the diameter of the mixing tube.
22. Burner as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional tubular portion (40) adjoins the mixing tube (8) downstream thereof, the diameter of said tubular portion being at the most the same size as the diameter of the downstream end of the mixing tube (8).
23. Burner as defined in claim 22, characterized in that the tubular portion (40) is spaced from the downstream end of the mixing tube (8) by an amount of between 1/10 and 1/4 of the diameter of the mixing tube (8).
24. Burner as defined in either of claims 22 or 23, characterized in that the length of the tubular portion (40) is equal to one-half to one times the diameter of the mixing tube and preferably equal to 2/3 of this diameter.
EP85109292A 1984-08-16 1985-07-24 Oil or gas burner for hot gas generation Expired EP0175875B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85109292T ATE34447T1 (en) 1984-08-16 1985-07-24 OIL OR GAS BURNER FOR HOT GAS GENERATION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3430010 1984-08-16
DE19843430010 DE3430010A1 (en) 1984-08-16 1984-08-16 BURNER FOR HOT GAS GENERATION

Publications (2)

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EP0175875A1 EP0175875A1 (en) 1986-04-02
EP0175875B1 true EP0175875B1 (en) 1988-05-18

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ID=6243088

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EP85109292A Expired EP0175875B1 (en) 1984-08-16 1985-07-24 Oil or gas burner for hot gas generation

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US (1) US4629414A (en)
EP (1) EP0175875B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61125511A (en)
AT (1) ATE34447T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1259557A (en)
DE (2) DE3430010A1 (en)
DK (1) DK160642C (en)
FI (1) FI86106C (en)
NO (1) NO160314C (en)

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DE4209220A1 (en) * 1992-03-21 1993-09-23 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt DEPOSITION-FREE BURNER
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61125511A (en) 1986-06-13
EP0175875A1 (en) 1986-04-02
DE3562819D1 (en) 1988-06-23
FI86106B (en) 1992-03-31
US4629414A (en) 1986-12-16
NO853217L (en) 1986-02-17
FI86106C (en) 1992-07-10
DK370785D0 (en) 1985-08-15
FI853128A0 (en) 1985-08-15
DE3430010A1 (en) 1986-02-27
FI853128L (en) 1986-02-17
CA1259557A (en) 1989-09-19
DK160642B (en) 1991-04-02
ATE34447T1 (en) 1988-06-15
NO160314B (en) 1988-12-27
JPH0240924B2 (en) 1990-09-13
DK160642C (en) 1991-09-02
DE3430010C2 (en) 1987-11-12
DK370785A (en) 1986-02-17
NO160314C (en) 1989-04-05

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