EP0133990B1 - Smoke sensor arrangement operating by the extinguish principle, and fire assembly having such a smoke sensor arrangement - Google Patents

Smoke sensor arrangement operating by the extinguish principle, and fire assembly having such a smoke sensor arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0133990B1
EP0133990B1 EP84109118A EP84109118A EP0133990B1 EP 0133990 B1 EP0133990 B1 EP 0133990B1 EP 84109118 A EP84109118 A EP 84109118A EP 84109118 A EP84109118 A EP 84109118A EP 0133990 B1 EP0133990 B1 EP 0133990B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
transmitters
receivers
radiation
common plane
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EP84109118A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0133990A1 (en
Inventor
Peer Dr.-Ing. Thilo
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT84109118T priority Critical patent/ATE30645T1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector arrangement operating according to the extinction principle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Smoke detectors are often used in fire alarm systems for the early detection of smoke.
  • optical smoke detectors are increasingly being used.
  • Scattered light detectors and extinction detectors are used.
  • the beam emitted by the light source is directed onto a light trap.
  • the optical axis of the receiver is inclined to the axis of the light source at a certain scattering angle. Normally no light falls on the receiver.
  • the smoke particles reflect and diffract the light so that it falls on the photoreceptor, which emits an electrical signal proportional to the incident intensity.
  • scatter detectors have the disadvantage of not being able to detect black, heavily soot-containing smoke from an incomplete combustion process.
  • Extinction detectors also known as transmitted light detectors, evaluate the intensity of a light beam weakened by smoke. According to this method, e.g. B. measured with high-quality equipment smoke densities. Detectors for practical use require large measuring path lengths between the transmitter and the receiver. For example, measuring distances of up to 100 meters are monitored. This requires a separate transmitting and receiving part as well as an extremely tight bundling of the transmitted light beams, for example to 1 degree or less, thus high-cost optics and complex, precise adjustment devices for the precise alignment of the light beam on the receiver and vice versa for the precise alignment of the receiver with the transmitter .
  • a smoke detector arrangement with a plurality of radiation transmitters and a radiation receiver arranged centrally to it is known, which receives the radiation from all radiation transmitters.
  • the receiver can have one or more photoelectric elements, which preferably receive radiation from a horizontal plane, wherein radiation-deflecting means and shielding means can be provided.
  • the smoke detector arrangement which works on the extinction principle, has one or more light transmitters and light receivers on a common plane, the transmitters and receivers not having a precise directional characteristic.
  • the radiation angles of the transmitting and receiving parts are relatively large, being in the vertical direction, i.e. perpendicular to the common plane are much smaller.
  • the transmitters and receivers of the extinction detectors which have a simple structure and are inexpensive to manufacture, can be installed on site without any adjustment effort and with the greatest possible sensitivity, so that no large assembly costs are incurred.
  • the transmitters and receivers are assigned to one another in a simple manner at a predeterminable distance which is considerably shorter than 200 m, for example 20 m.
  • the optical axes of the respective radiation lobes run almost parallel to the common plane.
  • transmitters and receivers can be arranged on the common level, for example on the ceiling, one transmitter transmitting in different directions, so that it has a cheese-box-shaped directional characteristic.
  • the receivers assigned to the transmitters have different reception directions, so that one receiver receives light beams from several transmitters.
  • the transmitters can expediently be equipped with several different ones Radiation directions are arranged in a matrix and a plurality of receivers around the transmitter in the form of a segment of a circle, for example in the form of a honeycomb, in the common plane. At least some of the receivers then also each have a plurality of reception directions.
  • the radiation angle in the common plane, ie normally the horizontal angle of 20 'or more.
  • the radiation angle is essentially smaller, for example 10 °.
  • This rough directional characteristic requires only very simple optics in the transmitter and receiver, e.g. B. in front of a light transmitter and a light receiver, a cylindrical lens. Adjustment devices for aligning the directional beam or the optical axis of transmitters or receivers are not required. The transmitters and receivers can be mounted without optical alignment aids.
  • the transmitter and receiver can be completely closed because no measuring chamber or smoke chamber is necessary, into which smoke must penetrate. This results in further advantages. Contamination of the measuring or smoke chamber is therefore no longer possible. This also eliminates the need for major maintenance for cleaning the detectors or replacing the detectors. Since the transmitters and receivers of the extinction detectors can have a sealed housing, the penetration of aggressive gases, dust or moisture is no longer possible. The optics of the light transmitters and receivers can be cleaned in a simple manner, so that no replacement of the detectors is necessary during maintenance.
  • the extinction detector arrangement according to the invention a faster alarm is possible because there is no delay because smoke first has to penetrate into the measuring or smoke chamber, the penetration being made more difficult by grids or labyrinths as with the ionization detector or scattered light detector.
  • the smoke detector arrangement according to the invention thus represents a real early warning system. Another advantage is that no dangerous radioactive preparations as with the ionization detector are required. This eliminates strict safety regulations, maintenance and disposal problems. Another advantage is that the extinction detector reacts to almost all types of smoke compared to the scattered light detector.
  • the extinction detector arrangement is used in a known pulse detector system.
  • DE-PS-23 41 087, 25 33 300 and 25 33 382 this system is described in which the individual detectors from a central station are queried one after the other in a predefined order for their analog detector measured value and several in the central station by logical links Measured values of one and the same and neighboring detectors fault and alarm criteria are derived.
  • the detectors can be identified individually.
  • the light receivers of the extinction detector are designed as analog value sensors and transmit their respective analog values to the control center when queried.
  • the individual light transmitters can be cyclically controlled by the control center and requested to send. However, the individual light transmitters can also transmit continuously.
  • each cooperating transmitter and receiver ie mutually assigned transmitter and receiver, are cyclically controlled or queried one after the other.
  • the central evaluation device can locate the source of the fire on the basis of logical links between the receiver signals.
  • the use of an extinction detector arrangement according to the invention in the pulse detector system also has the advantage that the basic sensitivity of the extinction detector can be set from the control center via control channels in the transmitter and in the receiver. A change in the components of the individual detectors due to aging can thus be countered by tracking the basic sensitivity of the extinction detector arrangement
  • Fig. 1 is a light transmitter S in plan view and at a distance A, z. B. 20 meters shown a light receiver E.
  • the transmitter S has a transmission lobe SK which has a radiation angle cp H.
  • the radiation angle (p H has a size of, for example, 20 degrees in the horizontal direction, ie perpendicular to the common plane.
  • the optical axis of the transmitter S and of the receiver E is denoted by OA.
  • the receiver E has a reception lobe EK, and likewise one in the horizontal direction has a large radiation angle ( PH , as the transmitter S.
  • the radiation angle in the vertical direction (cp v ) can be smaller than the radiation angle ( I / > H ) in the horizontal direction. This is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the transmitter S and the receiver E are again shown at a distance A in a common plane GE.
  • the side view shows that the radiation angle (p v in the vertical direction of the respective transmitting or receiving lobe SK or EK is smaller than the radiation angle ( PH in the horizontal direction.
  • the radiation angle (p v in the vertical direction, ie perpendicular to the common plane GE, Radiation angles of such sizes in the horizontal and vertical directions are sufficient to achieve sufficient radiation without adjustment effort, even with a distance between transmitter and receiver of 20 meters, and unnecessary downward lighting in the room is avoided by a smaller vertical angle.
  • Such a directional characteristic can easily be achieved with simple cylindrical lenses, but if such a directional characteristic is not necessary, the conical beam can be emitted at a certain angle in both the vertical and horizontal directions using a simple converging lens .
  • the transmitter S has two opposite radiation directions (transmission lobes SK1 and SK2), in each of which receivers with a reception lobe EK1 or EK2 are arranged.
  • the horizontal radiation angle is denoted by ( PH .
  • FIG. 4 shows another arrangement of a transmitter with two receivers.
  • the transmitter and the receiver are shown in the common plane and in plan view.
  • the transmitter S radiates in two different directions, which are at a certain angle, which is not shown here, to each other.
  • the receiver E1 is arranged in the transmitting lobe SK1
  • the receiver E2 is arranged in the transmitting lobe SK2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a top view of a transmitter with four symmetrically arranged transmission lobes SK1 to SK4, in each of which a receiver E1 to E4 is located.
  • the receivers E1 to E4 are circular segment-shaped, i.e. arranged in a polygon, in this case in a square around the transmitter S.
  • FIG. 6 shows a combination of a plurality of transmitters S1, S2,... Sn, which are arranged in a matrix and a plurality of receivers E1 to E6 or En, which are arranged in a segment of a circle around the transmitters. This is shown in a top view. The respective transmitting and receiving lobes are no longer shown here, rather measuring sections MS are shown between the transmitters and the receivers.
  • the measuring path MS11 exists between the receiver E1 and the transmitter S1.
  • the transmitter S1 also has three further symmetrically arranged radiation directions in which the receivers E2 to E4 are arranged, so that, for example, the measuring path MS14 exists between the transmitter S1 and the receiver E4.
  • the receiver E4 with a further reception direction which is represented here by the measuring path MS24, also lies in the one light beam of the transmitter S2.
  • the transmitter S1 has a very rough directional characteristic a relatively wide angle of light radiation, for example 20 degrees
  • the transmitter S1 can also hit a more distant receiver E5, which also has a large angle of radiation, with its light beam. This is shown with the measuring section MS15.
  • the receiver E5 therefore receives light from the transmitter S1 and from the transmitter S2 with a receiving lobe which has a wide radiation angle.
  • Such an arrangement of transmitters and receivers of extinction detectors will be provided for large rooms.
  • a particularly advantageous evaluation is carried out using the known pulse detector system, in which the receivers, as already described above, are designed as analog value sensors and can be queried individually in sequence. In this way it is possible with the central evaluation device to determine the exact location of a fire source.
  • a receiver E with a photodiode 5 is shown schematically in side view and top view in FIG. 7.
  • the receiver E has a housing 1 in which a photodiode 5 is arranged on an electrical assembly 2.
  • the housing 1 has an opening 4 or a lens (4), not shown here, into or through which the light of the transmitter can penetrate and fall onto the photodiode 5.
  • Base contacts 3 are also indicated on the housing.
  • a top view shows the photodiode 5 in the housing 1, the housing having the opening or the lens 4.
  • FIG. 8 shows a transmitter S with four different symmetrically arranged radiation directions. Accordingly, four transmitter diodes 6 are shown in the housing 1, which are arranged in a square. The housing also has, in this case four, openings 4. The diodes are arranged on the electrical assembly 2, which is connected to the base contacts 3.
  • This schematic representation is only intended to illustrate how the receivers and transmitters of an extinction detector arrangement according to the invention can be constructed.
  • the transmitter and photodiodes are expediently rubbed in the infrared range in order not to be disturbed by possible external light.
  • the radiation angles of the transmitters and receivers are much larger, i.e. they are a multiple of one degree and can preferably have an angle of 10 to 20 degrees.
  • the distance between transmitter and receiver is also considerably less than 100 meters, for example. Depending on the premises, a distance between transmitter and receiver will preferably be between 5 and 20 meters.

Abstract

1. A smoke alarm arrangement operating in accordance with the extinguish principle, comprising a plurality of light transmitters (S) and at least one light receiver (E) arranged in a common plane (GE), where the transmitting and receiving lobes (SK, EK) have a specified radiation angle (phi) and the optical axes (OA) of the respective radiation lobes (SK, EK) extend virtually parallel to the common plane (GE), where the common plane is parallel to the room ceiling and the radiation angles (phi H ) of each of the light receivers (E) in the common plane (GE) are substantially greater than the radiation angles (phi) at right angles to the common plane (GE), characterised in that the radiation angles (phi H ) of the light transmitters in the common plane (GE) are substantially greater than the radiation angles (phi V ) at right angles to the common plane (GE), and that the light transmitters and receivers (S, E) are provided with a simple optical unit (4) but no adjusting device for the radiation characteristic.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine nach dem Extinktionsprinzip arbeitende Rauchmelder- Anordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a smoke detector arrangement operating according to the extinction principle according to the preamble of claim 1.

Für die Früherkennung von Rauch werden in Brandmeldeanlagen häufig Rauchmelder verwendet. Neben den lonisationsmeidern werden in zunehmendem Maße optische Rauchmelder eingesetzt. Dabei werden Streulichtmelder und Extinktionsmelder benutzt. Beim Streulichtmelder wird der von der Lichtquelle ausgehende Strahl auf eine Lichtfalle gelenkt. Die optiche Achse des Empfängers ist unter einem bestimmten Streuwinkel zur Achse der Lichtquelle geneigt. Im Normalfall fällt kein Licht auf den Empfänger. Wenn Rauch in den Primärstrahl eintritt, reflektieren und beugen die Rauchpartikel das Licht, so daß es auf den Fotoempfänger fällt, der ein zur einfallenden Intensität proportionales elektrisches Signal abgibt. Streulichmelder haben jedoch den Nachteil, schwarzen, stark rußhaltigen Rauch von einem unvollständigen Verbrennungsprozeß nicht erkennen zu können.Smoke detectors are often used in fire alarm systems for the early detection of smoke. In addition to the ionization detectors, optical smoke detectors are increasingly being used. Scattered light detectors and extinction detectors are used. In the case of a scattered light detector, the beam emitted by the light source is directed onto a light trap. The optical axis of the receiver is inclined to the axis of the light source at a certain scattering angle. Normally no light falls on the receiver. When smoke enters the primary beam, the smoke particles reflect and diffract the light so that it falls on the photoreceptor, which emits an electrical signal proportional to the incident intensity. However, scatter detectors have the disadvantage of not being able to detect black, heavily soot-containing smoke from an incomplete combustion process.

Extinktionsmelder, auch als Durchlichtmelder bezeichnet, werten die Intensität eines durch Rauch geschwächten Lichtstrahls aus. Nach diesem Verfahren werden z. B. mit hochwertigen Einrichtungen Rauchdichten meßtechnisch erfaßt. Melder für den praktischen Einsatz benötigen große Meßweglängen zwischen dem Sender und dem Empfänger. Es werden beispielsweise Meßstrecken bis zu 100 Metern überwacht. Dies erfordert je ein getrenntes Sende- und Empfangsteil sowie eine äußerst enge Bündelung der Sendelichtstrahlen, beispielsweise auf 1 Grad oder weniger, somit hochwetige Optiken und aufwendige, präzise Justiereinrichtungen zur genauen Ausrichtung des Lichtstrahls auf den Empfänger und umgekehrt zur genauen Ausrichtung des Empfängers auf den Sender. Außerdem haben Schwankungen der Intensität der Primärlichtquelle, Verschmutzung der Optik und Alterung der Bauelemente großen Einfluß, der durch aufwendige elektronische Schaltungen gemindert werden muß. Daher erreichten solche Melder bisher geringe Marktbedeutung. Sie eignen sich hauptsächlich zur Überwachung großer Räume, langer und schmaler Gänge und ähnlichem, wobei men den Aufwand der sorgfältigen Montage und Justierung vor Ort in Kauf nimmt.Extinction detectors, also known as transmitted light detectors, evaluate the intensity of a light beam weakened by smoke. According to this method, e.g. B. measured with high-quality equipment smoke densities. Detectors for practical use require large measuring path lengths between the transmitter and the receiver. For example, measuring distances of up to 100 meters are monitored. This requires a separate transmitting and receiving part as well as an extremely tight bundling of the transmitted light beams, for example to 1 degree or less, thus high-cost optics and complex, precise adjustment devices for the precise alignment of the light beam on the receiver and vice versa for the precise alignment of the receiver with the transmitter . In addition, fluctuations in the intensity of the primary light source, contamination of the optics and aging of the components have a great influence, which must be reduced by complex electronic circuits. For this reason, such detectors have so far had little market importance. They are mainly suitable for monitoring large rooms, long and narrow corridors and the like, with the expense of careful assembly and adjustment on site.

Aus der DE-A-2 703 225 ist eine Rauchdetektor-Anordnung mit mehreren Strahlungssendern und einem zentral dazu angeordneten Strahlungsempfänger bekannt, der die Strahlung von allen Strahlungssendern empfängt. Dabei kann der Empfänger ein oder mehrere fotoelektrische Elemente aufweisen, die bevorzugt Strahlung aus einer Horizontelebene erhalten, wobei strahlungsumlenkende Mittel und Abschirmmittel vorgesehen sein können.From DE-A-2 703 225 a smoke detector arrangement with a plurality of radiation transmitters and a radiation receiver arranged centrally to it is known, which receives the radiation from all radiation transmitters. The receiver can have one or more photoelectric elements, which preferably receive radiation from a horizontal plane, wherein radiation-deflecting means and shielding means can be provided.

Bei der bekannten Anordnung besteht die Gefahr, daß bei Verwendung eines Umlenkmittels in Form eines Kegelreflektors dieser leicht verschmutzen kann und dadurch die Ansprechempfindlichkeit beeinträchtigt wird. Mit Hilfe der bekannten Abschirmmittel wird lediglich ein Strahlungsempfang hauptsächlich in der Horizontalebene erreicht. Damit wird wohl eine allseitige Strahlungsempfindlichkeit erzielt, jedoch geht dabei eine Menge Strahlungsenergie verloren, weil die Sender nicht ausgerichtet sind. Zudem können Störungen auftreten, weil der Empfänger keine Richtcharakteristik innerhalb der Horizontalebene aufweist. Es ist schon eine gezielte Anordnung des Empfängers auf die einzelnen Sender vorgeschlagen worden, indem mehrere Fotoelemente im Strahlungsempfänger angeordnet und zum Sender gerichtet sind. Dabei kann immer noch evtl. störendes Framdlicht in den Empfänger eintreten und darüber hinaus wird unnötige Sendeenergie seitens der Sender abgestrahlt, die nicht den bzw. die Empfänger erreicht.In the known arrangement there is a risk that if a deflecting means in the form of a cone reflector is used, it can easily become soiled and the responsiveness is thereby impaired. With the aid of the known shielding means, only radiation reception is achieved mainly in the horizontal plane. All-round radiation sensitivity is thus achieved, but a lot of radiation energy is lost because the transmitters are not aligned. In addition, interference can occur because the receiver has no directional characteristic within the horizontal plane. A targeted arrangement of the receiver on the individual transmitters has already been proposed, in that several photo elements are arranged in the radiation receiver and are directed towards the transmitter. Interfering front light can still enter the receiver and, in addition, unnecessary transmission energy is emitted by the transmitter, which does not reach the receiver (s).

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip so auszugestalten und anzuordnen, daß sie eine einfache Justierung bei größtmöglicher Empfindlichkeit aufweisen.It is therefore an object of the invention to design and arrange smoke detectors according to the extinction principle so that they have a simple adjustment with the greatest possible sensitivity.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die nach dem Extinktionsprinzip arbeitende Rauchmelder- Anordnung weist ein oder mehrere Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger in einer gemeinsemen Ebene auf, wobei die Sender und Empfänger keine präzise Richtcharakteristik besitzen. Die Strahlungswinkel der Sende- und Empfansteile sind relativ groß, wobei sie im der Vertikalrichtung, d.h. senkrecht zur gemeinsamen Ebene wesentlich kleiner sind. Die Sender und Empfänger der Extinktionsmelder, die caher einen einfachen Aufbau aufweisen und preisgünstig zu fertigen sind, können im Gegensatz zu hergebrechten Extinktionsmeldern ohne Justieraufwand bei möglichst großer Empfindlichkeit am Einsatzort montiert werden, so daß auch keine großen Montagekosten anfallen. Die Sender und Empfänger sind in einfacher Weise in einem vorgebbaren Abstand, der wesentlich kürzer als 200 m, z B. 20 m, ist, einander zugeordnet. Dabei vorlaufen die optischen Achsen der jeweiligen Strahlungskeulen nahezu parallel zur gemeinsamen Ebene.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. The smoke detector arrangement, which works on the extinction principle, has one or more light transmitters and light receivers on a common plane, the transmitters and receivers not having a precise directional characteristic. The radiation angles of the transmitting and receiving parts are relatively large, being in the vertical direction, i.e. perpendicular to the common plane are much smaller. In contrast to conventional extinction detectors, the transmitters and receivers of the extinction detectors, which have a simple structure and are inexpensive to manufacture, can be installed on site without any adjustment effort and with the greatest possible sensitivity, so that no large assembly costs are incurred. The transmitters and receivers are assigned to one another in a simple manner at a predeterminable distance which is considerably shorter than 200 m, for example 20 m. The optical axes of the respective radiation lobes run almost parallel to the common plane.

Dabei können mehrere Sender und Empfänger der gemeinsamen Ebene, beispielsweise an der Raumdecke, angeordnet sein, wobei ein Sender in unterschiedliche Richtungen sendet, so daß er eine käseschachtelförmige Richtcharakteristik aufweist. Ebenso weisen die den Sendern zugeordneten Empfänger unterschiedliche Empfangsrichtungen auf, so daß ein Empfänger Lichtstrahlen von mehreren Sendern empfängt.Several transmitters and receivers can be arranged on the common level, for example on the ceiling, one transmitter transmitting in different directions, so that it has a cheese-box-shaped directional characteristic. Likewise, the receivers assigned to the transmitters have different reception directions, so that one receiver receives light beams from several transmitters.

Um große Räume flächendeckend zu überwachen, können zweckmäßigerweise die Sender mit mehreren unterschiedlichen Strahlungsrichtungen matrixartig und eine Vielzahl von Empfängern um die Sender kreissegmentförmig, beispielsweise bienenwabenartig, in der gemeinsamen Ebene angeordnet werden. Zumindest einige der Empfänger weisen dann jeweils auch mehrere Empfangsrichtungen auf.To monitor large rooms across the board, the transmitters can expediently be equipped with several different ones Radiation directions are arranged in a matrix and a plurality of receivers around the transmitter in the form of a segment of a circle, for example in the form of a honeycomb, in the common plane. At least some of the receivers then also each have a plurality of reception directions.

Es hat sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, einen Strahlungswinkel in der gemeinsamen Ebene, im Normalfall also den Horizontalwinkel von 20' oder mehr, vorzusehen. In der Vertikalrichtung, d.h. senkrecht zur gemeinsamen Ebene, ist demgegenüber der Strahlungswinkel wesenlich kleiner, er kann beispielsweise 10° betragen. Diese grobe Richtcharakteristik erfordert im Sender und Empfänger nur eine sehr einfache Optik, z. B. jeweils vor einem Lichtsender und einem Lichtempfänger eine Zylinderlinse. Justiereinrichtungen zur Ausrichtung des Richtstrahls bzw. der optischen Achse von Sender bzw. Empfängern sind nicht erforderlich. Die Sender und Empfänger können ohne Hilfsmittel zur optischen Ausrichtung montiert werden.It has proven to be expedient to provide a radiation angle in the common plane, ie normally the horizontal angle of 20 'or more. In the vertical direction, i.e. perpendicular to the common plane, on the other hand, the radiation angle is essentially smaller, for example 10 °. This rough directional characteristic requires only very simple optics in the transmitter and receiver, e.g. B. in front of a light transmitter and a light receiver, a cylindrical lens. Adjustment devices for aligning the directional beam or the optical axis of transmitters or receivers are not required. The transmitters and receivers can be mounted without optical alignment aids.

Die Sender und Empfänger können vollkommen geschlossen sein, weil keine Meßkammer bzw. keine Rauchkammer notwendig ist, in die Rauch eindringen muß. Damit ergeben sich weitere Vorteile. Ein Verschmutzen der Meß- bzw. Rauchkammer ist somit nicht mehr möglich. Damit entfällt auch ein großer Wartungsaufwand für das Reinigen der Melder bzw. das Austauschen der Melder. Da die Sender und Empfänger der Extinktionsmelder ein dichtes Gehäuse aufweisen können, ist das Eindringen von aggresiven Gasen, von Staub oder von Feuchte nicht mehr möglich. Die Optik der Lichtsender und -empfänger können in einfacher Weise gereinigt werden, so daß auch kein Austauschen der Melder bei der Wartung notwendig ist. Ferner ist mit der erfindungsgemäßen Extinktionsmelderanordnung eine schnellere Alarmgabe möglich, weil keine Verzögerung dadurch eintritt, daß Rauch erst in die Meß- bzw. Rauchkammer eindringen muß, wobei durch Gitter bzw. Labyrinths wie beim lonisationsmelder bzw. Streulichtmelder das Eindringen erschwert wird. Die erfindungsgemäße Rauchmelderanordnung stellt also ein echtes Frühwarnmeldersystem dar. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, daß keine gefährlichen radioaktiven Präparate wie beim lonisationsmelder erforderlich sind. Damit entfallen diesbezügliche strenge Sicherheitsvorschriften, Wartungs- und Entsorgungsprobleme. Ein anderer Vorteil ist dadurch gegeben, daß der Extinktionsmelder gegenüber dem Streulichtmelder auf fast alle Raucharten reagiert.The transmitter and receiver can be completely closed because no measuring chamber or smoke chamber is necessary, into which smoke must penetrate. This results in further advantages. Contamination of the measuring or smoke chamber is therefore no longer possible. This also eliminates the need for major maintenance for cleaning the detectors or replacing the detectors. Since the transmitters and receivers of the extinction detectors can have a sealed housing, the penetration of aggressive gases, dust or moisture is no longer possible. The optics of the light transmitters and receivers can be cleaned in a simple manner, so that no replacement of the detectors is necessary during maintenance. Furthermore, with the extinction detector arrangement according to the invention, a faster alarm is possible because there is no delay because smoke first has to penetrate into the measuring or smoke chamber, the penetration being made more difficult by grids or labyrinths as with the ionization detector or scattered light detector. The smoke detector arrangement according to the invention thus represents a real early warning system. Another advantage is that no dangerous radioactive preparations as with the ionization detector are required. This eliminates strict safety regulations, maintenance and disposal problems. Another advantage is that the extinction detector reacts to almost all types of smoke compared to the scattered light detector.

Ein weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich, wenn die Extinktionsmelder-Anordnung im einem bekannten Pulsmeldersystem verwendet wird. In den DE-PS-23 41 087, 25 33 300 und 25 33 382 ist dieses System beschrieben, in dem die einzelnen Melder von einer Zentrale aus in vorgebbarer Reihenfolge zeitlich nacheinander auf ihren analogen Meldermeßwert abgefragt und daraus in der Zentrale durch logische Verknüpfungen mehrere Meßwerte ein und desselben und auch benachbarter Melder Störung- und Alarmkriterien abgeleitet werden. Dabei sind die Melder einzeln identifizierbar. Die Lichtempfänger des Extinktionsmelders sind als Analogwert-Sensoren ausgebildet und übertragen bei der Abfrage ihren jeweiligen Analogwert zur Zentrale. Dabei können die einzelnen Lichtsender von der Zentrale zyklisch angesteuert und zum Senden aufgefordert werden. Die einzelnen Lichtsender können aber auch kontinuierlich senden.Another advantage is obtained when the extinction detector arrangement is used in a known pulse detector system. In DE-PS-23 41 087, 25 33 300 and 25 33 382 this system is described in which the individual detectors from a central station are queried one after the other in a predefined order for their analog detector measured value and several in the central station by logical links Measured values of one and the same and neighboring detectors fault and alarm criteria are derived. The detectors can be identified individually. The light receivers of the extinction detector are designed as analog value sensors and transmit their respective analog values to the control center when queried. The individual light transmitters can be cyclically controlled by the control center and requested to send. However, the individual light transmitters can also transmit continuously.

Bei einer kombinierten Anordnung von vielen Lichtsendern und -empfängern, z. B. in einer großen Lagerhalle, werden im Pulsmeldersystem zweckmäßigerweise jeweils zusammenwirkende Sender und Empfänger, also einander zugeordnete Sender und Empfänger, zeitlich nacheinander zyklisch angesteuert bzw. abgefragt. Die zentrale Auswerteeinrichtung kann aufgrund logischer Verknüpfungen der Empfängersignale den Brandherd lokalisieren. Die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Extinktionsmelder-Anordnung beim Pulsmeldersystem hat auch den Vorteil, daß die Grundempfindlichkeit der Extinktionsmelder von der Zentrale aus über Steuerkanäle im Sender und im Empfänger eingestellt werden kann. Einer alterungsbedingten Veränderung der Bauelemente der einzelnen Melder kann somit durch Nachführung der Grundempfindlichkeit der Extinktionsmelder-Anordnung begegnet werdenWith a combined arrangement of many light transmitters and receivers, e.g. B. in a large warehouse, in the pulse detector system, each cooperating transmitter and receiver, ie mutually assigned transmitter and receiver, are cyclically controlled or queried one after the other. The central evaluation device can locate the source of the fire on the basis of logical links between the receiver signals. The use of an extinction detector arrangement according to the invention in the pulse detector system also has the advantage that the basic sensitivity of the extinction detector can be set from the control center via control channels in the transmitter and in the receiver. A change in the components of the individual detectors due to aging can thus be countered by tracking the basic sensitivity of the extinction detector arrangement

Weitere Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Rauchmelderanordnung ergeben sich aus den Ausführungsbeispielen, die anhand der Zeichnung erläutert werden. Dabei zeigen

  • Fig. 1 und 2 eine Extinktionsmelder Anordnung mit einem Sender und einem Empfänger in Draufsicht und Seitenansicht,
  • Fig. 3 bis 6 verschiedene Anordnungen von Sendern und Empfängern in Draufsicht, Fig 7 und 8 in schematischer Fig. 7 und 8 in schematischer Darstellung einen Empfänger und einen Sender.
Further advantages of the smoke detector arrangement according to the invention result from the exemplary embodiments which are explained with reference to the drawing. Show
  • 1 and 2 an extinction detector arrangement with a transmitter and a receiver in plan and side view,
  • 3 to 6 different arrangements of transmitters and receivers in plan view, Fig. 7 and 8 in schematic Fig. 7 and 8 in schematic representation a receiver and a transmitter.

In Fig. 1 ist in Draufsicht ein Lichtsender S und in einem Abstand A, z. B. 20 Meter ein Lichtempfänger E dargestellt. Der Sender S besitzt eine Sendekeule SK die einen Strahlungswinkel cpH aufweist. Der Strahlungswinkel (pH hat in Horizontalrichtung, d.h. senkrecht zur gemeinsamen Ebene, eine Größe von beispielsweise 20 Grad. Die optische Achse des Senders S und des Empfängers E ist mit OA bezeichnet. Der Empfänger E besitzt eine Empfangskeule EK, die in Horizontalrichtung einen ebenso großen Strahlungswinkel (PH aufweist, wie der Sender S. Der Strahlungswinkel in Vertikalrichtung (cpv) kann erfindungsgemäß kleiner sein als der Strahlungswinkel (I/>H) in Horizontalrichtung. Dies ist in Fig. 2 gezeigt.In Fig. 1 is a light transmitter S in plan view and at a distance A, z. B. 20 meters shown a light receiver E. The transmitter S has a transmission lobe SK which has a radiation angle cp H. The radiation angle (p H has a size of, for example, 20 degrees in the horizontal direction, ie perpendicular to the common plane. The optical axis of the transmitter S and of the receiver E is denoted by OA. The receiver E has a reception lobe EK, and likewise one in the horizontal direction has a large radiation angle ( PH , as the transmitter S. According to the invention, the radiation angle in the vertical direction (cp v ) can be smaller than the radiation angle ( I / > H ) in the horizontal direction. This is shown in FIG. 2.

Der Sender S und der Empfänger E sind wieder in einem Abstand A in einer gemeinsamen Ebene GE dargestellt. Die Seitenansicht zeigt, daß die Strahlungswinkel (pv in Vertikalrichtung der jeweiligen Sende- bzw. Empfangskeule SK bzw. EK kleiner sind als die Strahlungswinkel (PH in Horizontaltrichtung. Beispielsweise kann der Strahlungswinkel (pv in Vertikalrichtung, d.h. senkrecht zur gemeinsamen Ebene GE, 10 Grad betragen. Strahlungswinkel derartiger Größen in Horizontal- und Vertikalrichtung sind ausreichend, um ohne Justieraufwand auch bei einer Entfernung zwischen Sender und Empfänger von 20 Metern eine ausreichende Strahlung zu erzielen. Ein unnötiges Auchleuchten nach unten in den Raum wird durch einen kleineren Vertikalwinkel vermieden. Mit einfachen Zylinderlinsen läßt sich ohne weiteres eine solche Richtcharakteristik erzielen. Ist jedoch eine solche Richtcharakteristik nicht notwendig, so kann in einfacher Weise der kegelförmige Strahl unter einem bestimmten Winkel sowohl in Vertikal- als auch in Horizontalrichtung ausgesandt werden und dazu eine einfache Sammellinse verwendet werden.The transmitter S and the receiver E are again shown at a distance A in a common plane GE. The side view shows that the radiation angle (p v in the vertical direction of the respective transmitting or receiving lobe SK or EK is smaller than the radiation angle ( PH in the horizontal direction. For example, the radiation angle (p v in the vertical direction, ie perpendicular to the common plane GE, Radiation angles of such sizes in the horizontal and vertical directions are sufficient to achieve sufficient radiation without adjustment effort, even with a distance between transmitter and receiver of 20 meters, and unnecessary downward lighting in the room is avoided by a smaller vertical angle. Such a directional characteristic can easily be achieved with simple cylindrical lenses, but if such a directional characteristic is not necessary, the conical beam can be emitted at a certain angle in both the vertical and horizontal directions using a simple converging lens .

In Fig. 3 sind ein Sender S und zwei Empfänger E1 und E2 und E2 dargestellt. Der Sender S hat zwei gegenüberliegende Abstrahlrichtungen (Sendekeulen SK1 und SK2), in denen jeweils Empfänger mit einer Empfangskeule EK1 bzw. EK2 angeordnet sind. Der horizontale Strahlungswinkel ist mit (PH bezeichnet.3 shows a transmitter S and two receivers E1 and E2 and E2. The transmitter S has two opposite radiation directions (transmission lobes SK1 and SK2), in each of which receivers with a reception lobe EK1 or EK2 are arranged. The horizontal radiation angle is denoted by ( PH .

In Fig. 4 ist eine andere Anordnung eines Senders mit zwei Empfängern dargestellt. Der Sender und die Empfänger sind in der gemeinsamen Ebene und in Draufsicht gezeigt. Der Sender S strahlt in zwei verschiedenen Richtungen, die in einem bestimmten Winkel, der hier nicht eigens dargestellt ist, zueinander stehen. In der Sendekeule SK1 ist der Empfänger E1 angeordnet, in der Sendekeule SK2 ist der Empfänger E2 angeordnet.4 shows another arrangement of a transmitter with two receivers. The transmitter and the receiver are shown in the common plane and in plan view. The transmitter S radiates in two different directions, which are at a certain angle, which is not shown here, to each other. The receiver E1 is arranged in the transmitting lobe SK1, the receiver E2 is arranged in the transmitting lobe SK2.

Fig. 5 zeigt in Draufsicht einen Sender mit vier symmetrisch angeordneten Sendekeulen SK1 bis SK4 in denen sind jeweils ein Empfänger E1 bis E4 befindet. Die Empfänger E1 bis E4 sind kreissegmentförmig, d.h. im Vieleck, in diesem Fall im Viereck um den Sender S angeordnet.5 shows a top view of a transmitter with four symmetrically arranged transmission lobes SK1 to SK4, in each of which a receiver E1 to E4 is located. The receivers E1 to E4 are circular segment-shaped, i.e. arranged in a polygon, in this case in a square around the transmitter S.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Kombination von mehreren Sendern S1, S2,..Sn, die matrixartig angeordnet sind und eine Vielzahl von Empfängern E1 bis E6 bzw. En, die kreissegmentförmig um die Sender angeordnet sind. Dies ist in Draufsicht gezeigt. Die jeweiligen Sende- und Empfangskeulen sind hier nicht mehr dargestellt, vielmehr sind zwischen den Sendern und den Empfängern Meßstrecken MS eingezeichnet. Zwischen dem Empfänger E1 und dem Sender S1 existiert die Meßstrecke MS11. Der Sender S1 weist noch drei weitere symmetrisch angeordnete Strahlungsrichtungen auf, in denen die Empfänger E2 bis E4 angeordnet sind, so daß beispielsweise zwischen dem Sender S1 und dem Empfänger E4 die Meßstrecke MS14 besteht. Da aber ein weiterer Sender S2 angeordnet ist und ebenfalls vier symmetrische Strahlungsrichtungen besitzt, liegt in dem einen Lichtstrahl des Senders S2 auch der Empfänger E4 mit einer weiteren Empfangsrichtung, die hier durch die Meßstrecke MS24 dargestellt ist Weist beispielsweise der Sender S1 eine sehr grobe Richtcharakteristik mit einem verhältnismäßig breiten Lichtstrahlungswinkel, beispielsweise 20 Grad, auf, so kann der Sender S1 auch noch einen entfernter angeordneten Empfänger E5, der ebenfalls einen großen Strahlungswinkel besitzt, mit seinem Lichtstrahl treffen. Dies ist mit der Meßstrecke MS15 dargestellt. Der Empfänger E5 empfängt also Licht von Sender S1 und vom Sender S2 mit einer Empfangskeule, die einen breiten Strahlungswinkel hat. Eine solche Anordnung von Sendern und Empfängern von Extinktionsmeldern wird man für große Räume vorsehen. Dabei erfolgt eine besonders vorteilhafte Auswertung mit dem bekannten Pulsmeldersystem, in dem die Empfänger, wie oben schon beschrieben, als Analogwertsensoren ausgebildet sind und einzeln der Reihe nach abgefragt werden können. Auf diese Weise ist es mit der zentralen Auswerteeinrichtung möglich den Ort eines Brandherdes genau zu ermitteln.6 shows a combination of a plurality of transmitters S1, S2,... Sn, which are arranged in a matrix and a plurality of receivers E1 to E6 or En, which are arranged in a segment of a circle around the transmitters. This is shown in a top view. The respective transmitting and receiving lobes are no longer shown here, rather measuring sections MS are shown between the transmitters and the receivers. The measuring path MS11 exists between the receiver E1 and the transmitter S1. The transmitter S1 also has three further symmetrically arranged radiation directions in which the receivers E2 to E4 are arranged, so that, for example, the measuring path MS14 exists between the transmitter S1 and the receiver E4. However, since a further transmitter S2 is arranged and also has four symmetrical radiation directions, the receiver E4 with a further reception direction, which is represented here by the measuring path MS24, also lies in the one light beam of the transmitter S2. For example, the transmitter S1 has a very rough directional characteristic a relatively wide angle of light radiation, for example 20 degrees, the transmitter S1 can also hit a more distant receiver E5, which also has a large angle of radiation, with its light beam. This is shown with the measuring section MS15. The receiver E5 therefore receives light from the transmitter S1 and from the transmitter S2 with a receiving lobe which has a wide radiation angle. Such an arrangement of transmitters and receivers of extinction detectors will be provided for large rooms. A particularly advantageous evaluation is carried out using the known pulse detector system, in which the receivers, as already described above, are designed as analog value sensors and can be queried individually in sequence. In this way it is possible with the central evaluation device to determine the exact location of a fire source.

In Fig. 7 ist schematisch in Seitenansicht und Draufsicht ein Empfänger E mit einer Fotodiode 5 dargestellt. Der Empfänger E besitzt ein Gehäuse 1 in dem auf einer elektrischen Baugruppe 2 eine Fotodiode 5 angeordnet ist. Das Gehäuse 1 weist eine Öffnung 4 bzw. eine hier nicht dargestellte Linse (4) auf, in bzw. durch die das Licht des Senders dringen und auf die Fotodiode 5 fallen kann. Am Gehäuse sind noch Sockelkontakte 3 angedeutet. In Draufsicht ist die Fotodiode 5 im Gehäuse 1 zu sehen, wobei das Gehäuse die Öffnung bzw. die Linse 4 aufweist.A receiver E with a photodiode 5 is shown schematically in side view and top view in FIG. 7. The receiver E has a housing 1 in which a photodiode 5 is arranged on an electrical assembly 2. The housing 1 has an opening 4 or a lens (4), not shown here, into or through which the light of the transmitter can penetrate and fall onto the photodiode 5. Base contacts 3 are also indicated on the housing. A top view shows the photodiode 5 in the housing 1, the housing having the opening or the lens 4.

In Fig. 8 ist ein Sender S mit vier verschiedenen symmetrisch angeordneten Strahlungsrichtungen dargestellt. Im Gehäuse 1 sind demzufolge vier Sendedioden 6 dargestellt, die in einem Viereck angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse hat ebenfalls, in diesem Fall vier, Öffnungen 4. Die Dioden sind auf der elektrischen Baugruppe 2 angeordnet, die mit den Sockelkontakten 3 verbunden ist. Diese schematische Darstellung soll nur veranschaulichen, wie die Empfänger und Sender einer erfindungsgemäßen EXtinktionsmelder- Anordnung aufgebaut sein können. Die Sende-und Fotodioden werden zweckmäßigerweise im Infrarotbereich berieben, um nicht durch mögliches Fremdlicht gestört zu werden. Die Strahlungswinkel der Sender und Empfänger sind im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichenm Extinktionsmeldern wesentlich größer, betragen also ein Vielfaches von einem Grad und können vorzugsweise einen Winkel von 10 bis 20 Grad aufweisen. Ebenso ist der Abstand von Sender und Empfänger im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Extinktionsmeldern wesentlich geringer als beispielsweise 100 Meter. Je nach Räumlichkeiten wird man einen Abstand von Sender und Empfänger vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 20 Metern wählen.8 shows a transmitter S with four different symmetrically arranged radiation directions. Accordingly, four transmitter diodes 6 are shown in the housing 1, which are arranged in a square. The housing also has, in this case four, openings 4. The diodes are arranged on the electrical assembly 2, which is connected to the base contacts 3. This schematic representation is only intended to illustrate how the receivers and transmitters of an extinction detector arrangement according to the invention can be constructed. The transmitter and photodiodes are expediently rubbed in the infrared range in order not to be disturbed by possible external light. In contrast to conventional extinction detectors, the radiation angles of the transmitters and receivers are much larger, i.e. they are a multiple of one degree and can preferably have an angle of 10 to 20 degrees. In contrast to conventional extinction detectors, the distance between transmitter and receiver is also considerably less than 100 meters, for example. Depending on the premises, a distance between transmitter and receiver will preferably be between 5 and 20 meters.

Claims (7)

1. A smoke alarm arrangement operating in accordance with the extinguish principle, comprising a plurality of light transmitters (S) and at least one light receiver (E) arranged in a common plane (GE), where the transmitting and receiving lobes (SK, EK) have a specified radiation angle (cp) and the optical axes (OA) of the respective radiation lobes (SK, EK) extend virtually parallel to the common plane (GE), where the common plane is parallel to the room ceiling and the radiation angles ((PH) of each of the light receivers (E) in the common plane (GE) are substantially greater than the radiation angles ((p) at right angles to the common plane (GE), characterised in that the radiation angles (PH) of the light transmitters in the common plane (GE) are substantially greater than the radiation angles (ϕV) at right angles to the common plane (GE), and that the light transmitters and receivers (S, E) are provided with a simpleoptical unit (4) but no adjusting device for the radiation characteristic
2. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that each respective light transmitter (S) has a plurality of transmitting lobes (SK1, SK2,...), which transmit in different directions (MS1, MS2,...), and the respective light receiver (E3) has a plurality of receiving lobes which receive from different directions (MS13, MS23), and that the light transmitters (S1, S2,...) are arranged in the form of a matrix and the light receivers (E1, E2,...) are arranged in the form of a circular segment around the light transmitter, where the receiving lobes of a receiver which differ in direction are assigned to different light transmitters.
3. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that a receiving lobe of a receiver is assigned to a plurality of transmitters
4. An arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding Claims, characterised in thaJ both the light transmitters and receivers operate in the infra-red radiation range.
5. A fire alarm system comprising a smoke alarm arrangement as claimed in one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the light receivers consist of analogue value sensors for a known pulse alarm system, in which the sensors are consecutively interrogated in a predetermined sequence from the central control in respect of their respective measured values, on the basis of which alarm messages or disturbance messages are obtained in the central control, the individual transmitters being driven cyclically and the receivers assigned to the respective transmitters to transmit their respective analogue values to the central control.
6. A fire alarm system as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that the transmitters transmit continuously.
7. A fire alarm system as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that in a combined arrangement of transmitters and receivers, transmitters and receivers which are in each case cooperating are consecutively cyclically driven and interrogated by the central control, and in the central analysis device the source of the fire can be locallised on the basis of logic links of the receiver signals of the individually identifiable receivers.
EP84109118A 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 Smoke sensor arrangement operating by the extinguish principle, and fire assembly having such a smoke sensor arrangement Expired EP0133990B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84109118T ATE30645T1 (en) 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 SMOKE DETECTOR ARRANGEMENT WORKING ACCORDING TO THE EXTINCTION PRINCIPLE AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEM WITH SUCH SMOKE DETECTOR ARRANGEMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3328043 1983-08-03
DE19833328043 DE3328043A1 (en) 1983-08-03 1983-08-03 SMOKE DETECTOR ARRANGEMENT WORKING ACCORDING TO THE EXTINCTION PRINCIPLE AND FIRE DETECTING SYSTEM WITH SUCH A SMOKE DETECTOR ARRANGEMENT

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EP0133990A1 EP0133990A1 (en) 1985-03-13
EP0133990B1 true EP0133990B1 (en) 1987-11-04

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EP84109118A Expired EP0133990B1 (en) 1983-08-03 1984-08-01 Smoke sensor arrangement operating by the extinguish principle, and fire assembly having such a smoke sensor arrangement

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AT (1) ATE30645T1 (en)
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FI83696B (en) * 1987-01-27 1991-04-30 Halton Oy FOERFARANDE FOER REGLERING AV VENTILATION.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH570017A5 (en) * 1972-02-19 1975-11-28 Guekos Georg Smoke detector employing pulsed light-emitting semiconductor element - with photoelement receiving emitted light after passage through detection zone
DE2533382C2 (en) * 1975-07-25 1980-07-03 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Method and device for the transmission of measured values in a fire alarm system
CH592931A5 (en) * 1976-03-18 1977-11-15 Cerberus Ag

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EP0133990A1 (en) 1985-03-13
DE3328043A1 (en) 1985-02-21
ATE30645T1 (en) 1987-11-15
DE3467266D1 (en) 1987-12-10

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