EP0070883B1 - Photoelectric obstruction detector for elevator doorways - Google Patents

Photoelectric obstruction detector for elevator doorways Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0070883B1
EP0070883B1 EP82900762A EP82900762A EP0070883B1 EP 0070883 B1 EP0070883 B1 EP 0070883B1 EP 82900762 A EP82900762 A EP 82900762A EP 82900762 A EP82900762 A EP 82900762A EP 0070883 B1 EP0070883 B1 EP 0070883B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
emitters
door
paths
edge
radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82900762A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0070883A1 (en
EP0070883A4 (en
Inventor
John E. Gray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Otis Elevator Co
Original Assignee
Otis Elevator Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Otis Elevator Co filed Critical Otis Elevator Co
Publication of EP0070883A1 publication Critical patent/EP0070883A1/en
Publication of EP0070883A4 publication Critical patent/EP0070883A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0070883B1 publication Critical patent/EP0070883B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B13/00—Doors, gates, or other apparatus controlling access to, or exit from, cages or lift well landings
    • B66B13/24—Safety devices in passenger lifts, not otherwise provided for, for preventing trapping of passengers
    • B66B13/26—Safety devices in passenger lifts, not otherwise provided for, for preventing trapping of passengers between closing doors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
    • E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
    • E05F15/43—Detection using safety edges responsive to disruption of energy beams, e.g. light or sound
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
    • E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
    • E05F15/43—Detection using safety edges responsive to disruption of energy beams, e.g. light or sound
    • E05F2015/434—Detection using safety edges responsive to disruption of energy beams, e.g. light or sound with cameras or optical sensors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/104—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof for elevators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to equipment for sensing that an object is in a defined space, in particular, a doorway, such as an elevator car doorway.
  • One such device puts a light beam in a path transverse the door opening and uses a sensor to detect an interruption of the light beam, which would occur if an obstruction is between the door. Then, upon sensing an interruption, the sensor issues a signal to the door control mechanism to alter the normal operation of the doors, preferably reopen them.
  • device has an array of light sources disposed on one side of the doorway, producing parallel light beams at different levels, and a corresponding array of photo-sensitive detectors arranged on the other door, for sensing those light beams, thus creating a system which can sense objects of different heights between the door.
  • the light beams. are generally collimated by a lens to ensure that each sensor is responsive to one light source.
  • the sensitivity could, of course, be improved, for instance, by spacing the parallel beams more closely together, in effect, providing substantially contiguous light beams. But, that would be costly to implement, and, to maintain sensitivity, the light beams would need to be highly collimated to prevent stray light from one sensor from reaching an adjacent - the wrong - sensor, as that could blind the sensor.
  • the large number of photodetectors and their optical systems for beam collimation that would be needed would, of course, add significantly to cost.
  • Mirrors may be used to extend the path length of a light beam from its source so that the beam traverses the door opening a number of times prior to striking a photodetector. But, while that reduces the number of detectors required, it also reduces the intensity of the light beam reaching each detector; thus, in the end, increasing the demands on beam optics.
  • the invention provides apparatus for detecting the presence of an object in the path of a sliding door, comprising a plurality of radiation emitters spaced along one of the two vertical edges defining the opening area in which the door slides, a radiation detector located on the opposite vertical edge, means for activating the emitters in sequence as the door slides, and means for providing a detection signal when there is no output from the detector when an emitter is activated, the emitters and detector being located such that the radiation paths from the respective emitters to the sensor are substantially in the plane of the opening area and at least one of the paths makes an acute angle with the vertical edges, whereby the paths become closer together as the door closes.
  • the invention provides a method of detecting the presence of an object in the path of a sliding door, comprising transmitting radiation sequentially along respective paths between a plurality of vertically spaced points on an edge of the door opening and a point on the opposite vertical edge as the door closes, and detecting when one of said paths is obstructed, said paths being located substantially in the vertical plane of the opening and at least one of the paths being inclined to the vertical edges whereby the paths become closer as the door closes.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 there is a first elevator door 10 and a second elevator door 20. These doors, shown in an open position in Fig. 1, slide to open and close, and, as they close, the closure edge 11 of door 10 touches the closure edge 21 of door 20.
  • a plurality of elements made up of emitters 12 and 22 and sensors 13 and 23, define a first "array” and a second "array” on the closure edges 11, 21.
  • the first array is comprised of the emitters 12 that are spaced apart from each other along the edge 11 and the sensors 13 that are at the top and bottom of the edge 11.
  • the second array, on the adjacent closure edge 21 (on door 20) is comprised of the remaining emitters 22 and sensors 23, which are on the edge 21.
  • the emitters may be light bulbs, LED devices or any radiation emitting device; for example, an infrared emitter that is modulated, so that its emitted radiation is distinguishable from background radiation of the surroundings.
  • the sensors may be any device that is sensitive to the radiation of the emitters; yet, adapted to be insensitive to radiation other than from the emitters.
  • the sensors may be photodiodes, phototransistors or the like, and these may be gated in synchronization with a modulated emitter for improved sensitivity.
  • each sensor actually receives radiation in a plurality of paths, each extending between the sensor and one of the emitters, as Fig. 1 shows.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 the plurality of radiation paths that extend between emitters and sensors are shown; each path is distinguished there by an alphabetic index that is indicative of the sensor, and a numeral that is indicative of the emitter at the ends of the path. From Fig. 2 it is apparent that these paths criss-cross, defining a network in space, the gap between the door closure edges 11 and 21, and that the space between these paths is smaller than in the prior art devices.
  • a circuit is provided whereby each emitter is energized to emit radiation in a first sequence, and each sensor is monitored in a second sequence so that one emitter is energized and one sensor is monitored, at any time.
  • each of the emitters 12 is energized in sequence while one of sensors 23 is monitored; then each of emitters 22 is energized sequentially while one of sensors 13 is monitored.
  • each of emitters 12 are again sequentially energized while the other (the second) of the sensors 23 is monitored.
  • the emitters of sensors 22 are again sequentially energized while the other (the second) sensor 13 is monitored.
  • the exact sequence is not important, although, in a preferred, basic operation, each emitter and a sensor combination that define a radiation path therebetween is respectively energized and monitored repetitively many times per second in some sequence.
  • each path is thus monitored for obstruction once in an overall sequence, and, because the sensor does not receive radiation from other emitters and no other emitter is activated, the sensor is highly sensitive to the obstruction.
  • the sensitivity of the sensors may be adjusted in synchronization with the energization of the emitters, since each path involves a unique combination of sensor and emitter. For example, the gain of an amplifier receiving a signal from sensor 13 may be higher when one emitter 22 is activating path A6 than when another emitter 22 is activating path A1.
  • FIG. 2 shows the embodiment of Fig. 1, but when the doors are in a more nearly closed position, it will be seen there that the flux density .in space of the radiation paths increases as the doors approach each other.
  • the invention includes embodiments such as those shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Yet, those skilled in the art will recognize that because emitters are available at low cost in comparison with sensors, there are many possible geometric arrangements within the scope of the invention.
  • a combination of sensors and emitters may also be selected for simultaneous activity. For example, at the same time that an emitter on one edge and a sensor on the other edge are operative, a sensor on that one edge and an emitter on that other edge may be operative.
  • circuits required to construct embodiments according to the invention may use multiplex techniques which are apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing.

Landscapes

  • Elevator Door Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

In the entranceway between an elevator car and a floor are two oppositely sliding doors (10, 20). The approach of these doors is controlled by a detection system that senses the presence of objects between the doors. This system includes, on each door, a plurality of emitters (12, 22) which are vertically spaced apart the door edge (11, 21), for radiating non-collimated light towards the edge of the other door. At the top and bottom portions of each door edge there is a sensor (13, 23), which can receive the radiation for the emitters on the other door edge. The emitters on each door edge are sequentially turned on and the sensors on the opposite door edge provide a corresponding signal as they are turned on, unless an obstruction is in the way, causing the detection system to generate a signal that thus indicates that an objet is between the doors.

Description

  • This invention relates to equipment for sensing that an object is in a defined space, in particular, a doorway, such as an elevator car doorway.
  • In elevators it is common to use one or more sliding doors and to open and close them automatically. Consequently, often equipment is used that detects the presence of an obstructing body, such as a passenger, between the doors just prior to and during their automatic closure to control equipment to prevent the doors from closing more and, preferably, reopen them.
  • One such device puts a light beam in a path transverse the door opening and uses a sensor to detect an interruption of the light beam, which would occur if an obstruction is between the door. Then, upon sensing an interruption, the sensor issues a signal to the door control mechanism to alter the normal operation of the doors, preferably reopen them.
  • In usual practice that device has an array of light sources disposed on one side of the doorway, producing parallel light beams at different levels, and a corresponding array of photo-sensitive detectors arranged on the other door, for sensing those light beams, thus creating a system which can sense objects of different heights between the door. For maximum sensitivity, the light beams. are generally collimated by a lens to ensure that each sensor is responsive to one light source.
  • This arrangement, although generally satisfactory, has a disadvantage: because the light beams are spaced apart from each other, objects between the beams are not sensed. For instance, an arm extended horizontally may fail to be sensed.
  • The sensitivity could, of course, be improved, for instance, by spacing the parallel beams more closely together, in effect, providing substantially contiguous light beams. But, that would be costly to implement, and, to maintain sensitivity, the light beams would need to be highly collimated to prevent stray light from one sensor from reaching an adjacent - the wrong - sensor, as that could blind the sensor. The large number of photodetectors and their optical systems for beam collimation that would be needed would, of course, add significantly to cost. Mirrors may be used to extend the path length of a light beam from its source so that the beam traverses the door opening a number of times prior to striking a photodetector. But, while that reduces the number of detectors required, it also reduces the intensity of the light beam reaching each detector; thus, in the end, increasing the demands on beam optics.
  • Consequently, the simple array of spaced apart parallel beams has been widely accepted as being the best compromise of safety, efficiency and cost.
  • Viewed from one aspect, the invention provides apparatus for detecting the presence of an object in the path of a sliding door, comprising a plurality of radiation emitters spaced along one of the two vertical edges defining the opening area in which the door slides, a radiation detector located on the opposite vertical edge, means for activating the emitters in sequence as the door slides, and means for providing a detection signal when there is no output from the detector when an emitter is activated, the emitters and detector being located such that the radiation paths from the respective emitters to the sensor are substantially in the plane of the opening area and at least one of the paths makes an acute angle with the vertical edges, whereby the paths become closer together as the door closes.
  • Viewed from another aspect, the invention provides a method of detecting the presence of an object in the path of a sliding door, comprising transmitting radiation sequentially along respective paths between a plurality of vertically spaced points on an edge of the door opening and a point on the opposite vertical edge as the door closes, and detecting when one of said paths is obstructed, said paths being located substantially in the vertical plane of the opening and at least one of the paths being inclined to the vertical edges whereby the paths become closer as the door closes.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
    • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an arrangement of emitters and sensors (i.e. detectors) disposed, according to the invention, on adjacent cooperating elevator doors.
    • Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of Fig. 1 as the doors approach each other.
    • Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show other arrangements of sensors and emitters according to the invention.
  • In Figs. 1 and 2 there is a first elevator door 10 and a second elevator door 20. These doors, shown in an open position in Fig. 1, slide to open and close, and, as they close, the closure edge 11 of door 10 touches the closure edge 21 of door 20.
  • A plurality of elements, made up of emitters 12 and 22 and sensors 13 and 23, define a first "array" and a second "array" on the closure edges 11, 21.
  • The first array is comprised of the emitters 12 that are spaced apart from each other along the edge 11 and the sensors 13 that are at the top and bottom of the edge 11.
  • The second array, on the adjacent closure edge 21 (on door 20) is comprised of the remaining emitters 22 and sensors 23, which are on the edge 21.
  • The emitters may be light bulbs, LED devices or any radiation emitting device; for example, an infrared emitter that is modulated, so that its emitted radiation is distinguishable from background radiation of the surroundings.
  • Likewise, the sensors may be any device that is sensitive to the radiation of the emitters; yet, adapted to be insensitive to radiation other than from the emitters. Thus, the sensors may be photodiodes, phototransistors or the like, and these may be gated in synchronization with a modulated emitter for improved sensitivity.
  • The radiation from the emitters is not collimated, unlike related prior techniques that use lights and detectors in matched pairs, where collimation is required for good sensitivity. Consequently, each sensor actually receives radiation in a plurality of paths, each extending between the sensor and one of the emitters, as Fig. 1 shows.
  • In Figs. 1 and 2, the plurality of radiation paths that extend between emitters and sensors are shown; each path is distinguished there by an alphabetic index that is indicative of the sensor, and a numeral that is indicative of the emitter at the ends of the path. From Fig. 2 it is apparent that these paths criss-cross, defining a network in space, the gap between the door closure edges 11 and 21, and that the space between these paths is smaller than in the prior art devices.
  • A circuit is provided whereby each emitter is energized to emit radiation in a first sequence, and each sensor is monitored in a second sequence so that one emitter is energized and one sensor is monitored, at any time. For example, each of the emitters 12 is energized in sequence while one of sensors 23 is monitored; then each of emitters 22 is energized sequentially while one of sensors 13 is monitored. Afterthat, each of emitters 12 are again sequentially energized while the other (the second) of the sensors 23 is monitored. Then the emitters of sensors 22 are again sequentially energized while the other (the second) sensor 13 is monitored. The exact sequence is not important, although, in a preferred, basic operation, each emitter and a sensor combination that define a radiation path therebetween is respectively energized and monitored repetitively many times per second in some sequence.
  • Each path is thus monitored for obstruction once in an overall sequence, and, because the sensor does not receive radiation from other emitters and no other emitter is activated, the sensor is highly sensitive to the obstruction. For maximum sensitivity, the sensitivity of the sensors may be adjusted in synchronization with the energization of the emitters, since each path involves a unique combination of sensor and emitter. For example, the gain of an amplifier receiving a signal from sensor 13 may be higher when one emitter 22 is activating path A6 than when another emitter 22 is activating path A1.
  • With reference to Fig. 2, it shows the embodiment of Fig. 1, but when the doors are in a more nearly closed position, it will be seen there that the flux density .in space of the radiation paths increases as the doors approach each other.
  • In its simplest form, the invention includes embodiments such as those shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Yet, those skilled in the art will recognize that because emitters are available at low cost in comparison with sensors, there are many possible geometric arrangements within the scope of the invention.
  • It is desirable, to produce a signal, that only one combination of sensor and emitter are active at any time; but, a combination of sensors and emitters may also be selected for simultaneous activity. For example, at the same time that an emitter on one edge and a sensor on the other edge are operative, a sensor on that one edge and an emitter on that other edge may be operative.
  • The circuits required to construct embodiments according to the invention may use multiplex techniques which are apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing.
  • Other modifications to the embodiment of the invention that have been described will be obvious to those skilled in the art, yet within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. Apparatus for detecting the presence of an object in the path of a sliding door, comprising a plurality of radiation emitters (12; 22) spaced along one of the two vertical edges defining the opening area in which the door slides, a radiation detector (23; 13) located on the opposite vertical edge, means for activating the emitters in sequence as the door slides, and means for providing a detection signal when there is no output from the detector when an emitter is activated, the emitters and detector being located such that the radiation paths (A1 etc.) from the respective emitters to the sensor are substantially in the plane of the opening area and at least one of the paths makes an acute angle with the vertical edges, whereby the paths become closer together as the door closes.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising at least two detectors (13; 23) located such that at least some of the radiation paths cross each other.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 including a first said plurality of emitters (12) spaced along said one edge, a second plurality of emitters (22) spaced along said opposite edge, first and second detectors (13) disposed adjacent the top and bottom respectively of said one edge, and third and fourth detectors (23) disposed adjacent the top and bottom respectively of said opposite edge.
4. A method of detecting the presence of an object in the path of a sliding door, comprising transmitting radiation sequentially along respective paths between a plurality of vertically spaced points on an edge of the door opening and a point on the opposite vertical edge as the door closes, and detecting when one of said paths is obstructed, said paths being located substantially in the vertical plane of the opening and at least one of the paths being inclined to the vertical edges whereby the paths become closer as the door closes.
EP82900762A 1981-02-10 1982-01-28 Photoelectric obstruction detector for elevator doorways Expired EP0070883B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPE753381 1981-02-10
AU7533/81 1981-02-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0070883A1 EP0070883A1 (en) 1983-02-09
EP0070883A4 EP0070883A4 (en) 1984-05-29
EP0070883B1 true EP0070883B1 (en) 1987-09-30

Family

ID=3768955

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82900762A Expired EP0070883B1 (en) 1981-02-10 1982-01-28 Photoelectric obstruction detector for elevator doorways

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0070883B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58500039A (en)
CA (1) CA1241404A (en)
DE (1) DE3277425D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8303601A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1982002787A1 (en)

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DE3603940A1 (en) * 1986-02-07 1987-08-13 Efaflex Transport Lager DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE OPENING AND / OR CLOSING PROCESS OF HIGH-SPEED GATES
GB2205982B (en) * 1987-06-11 1991-07-24 Formula Systems Ltd Proximity detection systems
GB2207999B (en) * 1987-08-13 1992-04-22 Memco Med Ltd Safety systems
GB2221294B (en) * 1988-07-26 1993-03-03 Formula Systems Ltd Detection circuitry
GB2227309A (en) * 1989-01-18 1990-07-25 Formula Systems Ltd Detection system
US5567931A (en) * 1994-10-25 1996-10-22 Otis Elevator Company Variable beam detection using a dynamic detection threshold
CA2158902A1 (en) * 1994-10-25 1996-04-26 Brian J. Amend Weak beam detection
US5996281A (en) * 1996-10-31 1999-12-07 Optex Co., Ltd. Safety auxiliary apparatus for automatic door assembly
EP1606209B1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2012-03-07 Otis Elevator Company Optically synchronized safety detection device for elevator sliding doors
GB2414073C (en) * 2004-05-14 2010-03-11 Airdri Ltd System for gap scanning
GB0426162D0 (en) * 2004-11-29 2004-12-29 Molins Plc Ignition system
JP2006168843A (en) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-29 Otis Elevator Co Control device and control method of elevator
ATE556397T1 (en) 2006-09-28 2012-05-15 Bea Sa SENSOR FOR PRESENCE DETECTION
EP2226452B1 (en) 2008-12-12 2014-05-14 Pepperl + Fuchs GmbH Door monitoring sensor
US8544524B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2013-10-01 Won-Door Corporation Leading end assemblies for movable partitions including sensor assemblies, movable partition systems including sensor assemblies and related methods
US8899299B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2014-12-02 Won-Door Corporation Leading end assemblies for movable partitions including diagonal members, movable partitions including leading end assemblies and related methods

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58500039A (en) 1983-01-06
WO1982002787A1 (en) 1982-08-19
EP0070883A1 (en) 1983-02-09
JPH0423233B2 (en) 1992-04-21
ES509497A0 (en) 1983-02-01
CA1241404A (en) 1988-08-30
EP0070883A4 (en) 1984-05-29
ES8303601A1 (en) 1983-02-01
DE3277425D1 (en) 1987-11-05

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