EP0026348A2 - Plurally protected underwater fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

This underwater detonator is triggered remotely via an acoustic signal transmitted by the water, which is received by the electronic part (59) of the detonator and processed as an ignition signal. In order to meet high safety requirements, the detonator has a plurality of independent fuses which only enable the detonator to be activated by a sound signal if they have been unlocked in a certain forced sequence. This safety combination consists of a safety plug (63, 54) for a pin (69) that blocks a release pin (34), a first water pressure safety device that blocks a rotary movement of the rotor (1) in its ignition position, and a second water pressure safety device (54) which only causes the trigger pin (34) to move and the rotor (1) to turn to the ignition position if the first? water pressure safety device? (44) has been triggered.

Description

The invention relates to an underwater detonator for detonating explosive charges, which has at least two independent safeguards in the form of two water pressure safeguards and an anti-pin fuse with a rotor having a detonator, which can only be moved into focus by means of a forced sequence unlocking.

Such, from DE-OS 25 30 707 known underwater igniter is, for example, one of a cable-drawn Schlep ^p explosive gripper for underwater caps of the anchor chains of sea mines or the like. uses and has a release plate to be actuated by the anchor chain, which, when subjected to sufficiently high mechanical pressure, punches through a shear protection and thereby releases the ignition mechanism, provided that the water pressure safety device has been actuated and an ignition needle lock has been released.

The known arrangement thus has a total of three fuses which are to be actuated in succession in order to trigger the ignition, namely an unsecured pin fuse for the release plate, a water pressure fuse for the ignition needle and a shear fuse, the cancellation of which by mechanical pressure forces directly leads to ignition triggering.

It seems reasonable that such an underwater detonator is well suited for the intended purpose with an explosive gripper pulled by a tow rope for clearing mines, but it cannot be readily used for all possible purposes of explosive charges in which mechanical pressure is undesirable for any reason or is not possible.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an underwater detonator of the type specified, which is triggered instead of the mechanical pressure release by a certain signal, which is received via an electronic part of the detonator and processed as an ignition signal and has an increased security of its unlocking mechanism before it comes into focus.

The solution according to the invention consists in designing an underwater detonator of the type specified so that the detonator, as actuators to be actuated one after the other, for the forced sequence unlocking, a safety plug with a warning flag for a pin, a first water pressure safety device that blocks a rotary movement of the rotor into the ignition position Vorstecker- Sicherheitur.g, which blocks every movement of a trigger pin, and a second water pressure safety device, which blocks movement of the trigger pin and rotation of the rotor into the ignition position and operates independently of the first water pressure safety device. Further features of the underwater igniter according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The underwater igniter according to the invention advantageously provides a particularly safe arrangement which has a total of four mechanical safeguards operating independently of one another, all of which must be unlocked in the order specified in order to enable the ignition. However, even if all four fuses have been unlocked, the explosive charge is not automatically ignited, since the ignition pulse is still supplied by the electronic part of the detonator for this purpose got to. Here, further safety options are available in that only very special signals are able to cause the electronics to trigger the ignition pulse.

In connection with the elimination of a mechanical pressure release, an increased protection is achieved in that a second water pressure protection device is introduced which works at a higher water pressure than the first protection device. The logical linkage of mechanical processes that is possible as a result ensures that the mechanics of the detonator only unlock when the functional processes take place in the constructively predetermined sequence.

If the underwater detonator according to the invention is not loaded in the order in which it is secured. the ignition of the igniter is excluded. E.g. the safety plug is not removed before the detonator is deployed into the water, so the first water pressure safety device can work and release the end of the rotor assigned to it, but the rotor remains in its rest position even if the water pressure safety device is sufficient for the second water pressure safety device, since the pre-plug not pulled and so the trigger pin can not be operated.

If the safety plug is removed properly and the pin is pulled in air or in a shallow water, the ignition will also work prevented because then the spring-loaded rotor rotates about its axis in such a way that on the one hand the guide pin of the first water pressure safety device runs into its blind position and on the other hand the trigger pin is pressed out and comes into contact with the outer surface of the rotor, where it no longer acts on the rotor can make. This means that in such a case there is an irreversible blind position from which the rotor can no longer move, even if the detonator is subsequently successively exposed to suitable water pressures.

• FIG. 1 eine Seitenansicht des Unterwasserzünders, teilweise im Schnitt;
• FIG. 2 eine Seitenansicht des Unterwasserzünders nach Fig. 1 von rechts;
• FIG. 3 eine weitere Seitenansicht des Unterwasserzünders, teilweise im Schnitt längs einer senkrecht zur Ebene der Fig. 1 verlaufenden Ebene;
• FIG. 4 einen Schnitt durch den Rotor und den Kolben der zweiten Wasserdrucksicherung längs der Ebene IV-IV der Fig. 3;
• FIG. 5 einen Schnitt durch den Rotor und den Kolben der zweiten Wasserdrucksicherung längs der Linien V-V der Fig. 4;
• FIG. 6 eine Seitenansicht, teilweise im Schnitt, des Rotors;
• FIG. 7 einen Schnitt des Rotors längs der Ebene VII-VII der FIG. 6;
• FIG. 8 einen Schnitt des Rotors längs der Linien VIII-VIII;
• FIG. 9 eine Draufsicht auf den Rotor in axialer Richtung längs der Linien IX-IX der FIG. 6;
• FIG. 10 ein Impulsdiagramm von Ausgangssignalen an zwei Ausgängen eines Teilers zur Erläuterung der Abfolge von Totzeit, Scharfzeit und Batterieentladungszeit bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zündschaltung;
• FIG. 11 u. 12 Blockschaltbilder zur Erläuterung des Signalflusses bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zündschaltung;
• FIG. 13 eine Bandfiltercharakteristik der bei der Zündschaltung verwendeten Filter im Bandpaßfilter; .
• FIG. 14 ein Schaltbild des verwendeten selektiven bandpaßfilters;
• FIG. 15 eine graphische Darstellung zur Erläuterung des Dämpfungsverlaufes des selektiven Bandpaßfilters nach FIG. 14;
• FIG. 16 u. ein Schaltbild zur Erläuterung von Einzel-17 heiten der gesamten erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung, wobei FIG. 16 Einzelheiten der Baugruppen nach FIG. 11 und FIG. 17 Einzelheiten der Baugruppen nach FIG. 12 zeigt;
• FIG. 18 eine Wahrheitstabelle zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise des Eingangsdecoders IC4A und des Zeitbasisdecoders IC4B;
• FIG. 19 eine Aufstellung der Frequenzen und Zeiten, die an der Teilerkette IC6 und IC7 abgegriffen werden;
• FIG. 20 eine Aufstellung der Zeitbereiche am Ausgang des Zeitbasisdecoders.

The invention is explained below with reference to the description of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawing shows in

• FIG. 1 is a side view of the underwater detonator, partly in section;
• FIG. 2 shows a side view of the underwater detonator according to FIG. 1 from the right;
• FIG. 3 shows a further side view of the underwater detonator, partly in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 4 shows a section through the rotor and the piston of the second water pressure safety device along the plane IV-IV of FIG. 3;
• FIG. 5 shows a section through the rotor and the piston of the second water pressure safety device along the lines VV of FIG. 4;
• FIG. 6 is a side view, partly in section, of the rotor;
• FIG. 7 shows a section of the rotor along the plane VII-VII of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 8 shows a section of the rotor along lines VIII-VIII;
• FIG. 9 is a plan view of the rotor in the axial direction along the lines IX-IX of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 10 shows a pulse diagram of output signals at two outputs of a divider to explain the sequence of dead time, arming time and battery discharge time in the ignition circuit according to the invention;
• FIG. 11 u. 12 block diagrams for explaining the signal flow in the ignition circuit according to the invention;
• FIG. 13 shows a band filter characteristic of the filters used in the ignition circuit in the band pass filter; .
• FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of the selective bandpass filter used;
• FIG. 15 is a graphical representation to explain the attenuation curve of the selective bandpass filter according to FIG. 14;
• FIG. 16 u. a circuit diagram for explaining details of the entire circuit arrangement according to the invention, FIG. 16 Details of the assemblies according to FIG. 11 and FIG. 17 Details of the assemblies according to FIG. 12 shows;
• FIG. 18 is a truth table for explaining the operation of the input decoder IC4A and the time base decoder IC4B;
• FIG. 19 a list of the frequencies and times which are tapped at the divider chain IC6 and IC7;
• FIG. 20 shows a list of the time ranges at the output of the time base decoder.

Structure of the detonator

The entire detonator is housed in a housing 10 and, as the main subassemblies, has, in addition to an electronic insert 59, a first water pressure fuse 44, a second water pressure fuse 54, a pin 69, a trigger pin 34, a rotor 1 with a detonator 115, a contact pin 25, an ignition amplifier 6, a transfer charge 5 and a main charge 7.

On the front of the housing 10, a closure piece 3 can be seen as a holder for the trigger pin 34 and the pin 69, which is tightly installed in the housing 10. The closure piece 3 is tubular and is closed at its front end with a sealed closure 42. Two aligned, aligned bores 68, which receive O-rings as seals 70, run transversely to the axis of the closure piece 3. A corresponding circumferential groove 68a on the release pin 34 is aligned with the bores 68 in the rest position of the igniter, so that the pin 69 can be inserted.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 1, the pin 69 pushed through the bores 68 can be seen, which is supported on the closure piece 3 by its collar 69a. The pin 69 has at its lower end an eyelet 64 which receives a safety pin 63 provided with a warning flag 63a, which prevents the pin 69 from being pulled out. At the upper end of the cotter pin 69 has a lug 67 is provided on which a pulling cable 65 is secured with which the locking pin 69 can be pulled once the Sicherun ^g sstecker is removed 63rd

The trigger pin 34 is mounted in its central region on the piston 36 of the second water pressure safety device 54, which has an elastic membrane 37 which is mounted on the piston 36 with a disk 38. The membrane 37 is expediently designed as a rolling membrane and attached to a tube 41 on its outer circumference. On its side facing the rotor 1, the piston 36 carries a circuit board 28 which is provided for engagement with two pairs of contact pins 31 and forms a switch for the electrical part of the igniter with this. This switch, which consists of contact pins 31 and circuit board 28, can, for example, close the electrical ignition circuit via lines 95, plug connections 97 and 98, lines 96, plug connections 99 and 100 and lines 94 and connect them to the schematically illustrated electronic insert 59 and for a voltage supply via a battery 40 to care. The electrical lines and contacts are housed in the housing 10 in an insulated manner, while a releasable closure 61, which is provided with seals 75 and 76, provides access to the electronics insert 59 and the battery 40. Prerequisite for that Closing the electrical ignition circuit is, however, compliance with the structurally predetermined sequence when the individual fuses of the detonator are actuated, since the circuit board 28 closing the contact pins 31 is part of the second water pressure fuse 54, which is actuated last by all the fuses.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 3, the rotor 1 with its support surface 110 is in engagement with the release pin 34. In the rest position shown in FIG. 1, the detonator 115 of the rotor 1 is short-circuited because of the electromagnetic compatibility via a contact pin 11 which is prestressed with a compression spring 12. This short-circuit bridge is separated into its ignition position when the rotor 1 is rotated by approximately 90 °. Similarly, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the contact pin 25 accommodated in an insulating sleeve 24 bears against the rotor shaft 107 and is short-circuited via it.

The rotor 1 itself is rotatably supported by its upper and lower bearing pins 118 and 119, the bearing pins ensuring low friction. At its upper end, the rotor 1 is provided with a spiral spring 15, which is accommodated in a spring housing 16, which in turn is held by a rotor locking screw 17, which is sealingly inserted with a seal 72. The spiral spring 15 fastened to the rotor 1 and the spring housing 16 biases the rotor 1 in a clockwise direction, the number of rotations of the spring housing 16 lockable with a pin 91 determining the biasing force of the spiral spring 15, with which it presses against the release pin 34 and a rotation of the rotor 1 counteracts in the ignition position.

The trigger pin 34 is thus in the rest position clamped between the bearing surface 110 of the preloaded rotor 1 and the plug-in pin 69. So that with sufficient water pressure and pulled pin 69 of the rotor 1 can be rotated into the ignition position, the force exerted by the spiral spring 15 must be overcome so that with the bias of the spiral spring 15 the water depth can be specified in which the detonator is armed the water pressure increases with depth.

3 shows the first water pressure safety device 44, which is connected to a sieve 47 (FIG. 2) via bushings 45 with a slight slope. Through these openings, the water through the sieve 47 and the bushings 45 can act on a membrane 19 which is biased outwards with a conical spring 18 which surrounds a piston 2. The membrane 19 is closed to the outside with a closure 20 which is sealed with a seal 73.

On the side opposite the pin 69 one can see the main charge 7 enclosed by a casing 5, which is fastened to the housing 10 by means of screws 89 and a sealed cover 66. The ignition amplifier 6 is ignited in the ignition position of the rotor 1 by the detonator 115.

The interaction of the piston 2 of the first water pressure safety device 44 with the rotor 1 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5. The piston 2 has on its upper side a radially outwardly projecting radial guide pin 201 which engages with the guide groove 101 of the rotor 1 and is displaceable therein. The rotor 1 itself is shown in detail in FIGS. 6 to 9. Near the top camp Pin 119 recognizes a cylinder part 126 around which the coil spring 15 is wound. This is followed by a cylindrical rotor body 106 of larger diameter. As the section of the rotor body 106 shown in FIG. 7 shows, two asymmetrical projections 113 and 114 extend outward from the central, solid region of the rotor body 106 to the outer circumference 124 of the rotor body 106. These projections 113 and 114 form stops on one side 111 for engagement with a pin, not shown, and limit the rotary movement of the rotor 1. On the other side, the projections 113 and 114 form the abovementioned contact surface 110 for the trigger pin 34. This contact surface 110 consists of two rectilinear regions 120 and 123, which over an arcuate recess 122 are connected to one another, while a straight line 121 adjoins the linear region 120 at an obtuse angle and runs to the outer circumference 124 of the rotor body 106.

In the assembled state, the trigger pin 34 is seated on the rectilinear region 120, that is to say in an eccentric position. If, after pulling the pin 69, the spring force of the spiral spring 15 is greater than the force exerted by the release pin 34 on the support surface 110, the rotor 1 rotates clockwise and presses out the release pin 34 guided in the ring 27 and in the closure piece 3. The front end of the release pin 34 slides from the rectilinear region 120 via the bevel 121 onto the outer circumference 124 of the rotor body 106 and then no longer has any possibility of rotating the rotor.

Conversely, if the force exerted by the trigger pin 34 on the bearing surface 110 is greater than the spring force of the spiral spring 15, the rotor 1 rotates counterclockwise, the eccentrically arranged trigger pin 34 sliding with its front end along the bearing surface 110. Since the trigger pin 34 has a finite width, the arcuate recess 122 prevents the rotor 1 and the trigger pin 34 from wedging, since the cross section of the trigger pin 34 is taken into account. In this way, the trigger pin 34 can rotate the rotor 1 through an angle of 90 ° into the ignition position.

The rotor shaft 107 adjoins the rotor body 106 and has a radially extending bore which receives the detonator 115, which is provided with a bushing 116. In the vicinity of the lower bearing pin 118 one can see the guide groove 101, which essentially consists of three areas, namely an outer ring 102 as a blind adjusting groove, an inner ring 104 as a focusing groove and an axial recess 103, which connect the outer ring 102 and the inner ring 104 to one another extend from the axial recess 103 in the circumferential direction in opposite directions and in this way form two circular-arc-shaped tracks. The outer ring 102 is of the two stops 108 and _. 109 limited, while the inner ring 104 extends over a longer arc and has a stop 105.

As can be seen from the top view of the rotor 1 according to FIG. 9, the guide pin 201 which engages with the guide groove 101 can only move in the axial direction if it is in the vicinity of the stop 108 and with the axial recess 103 is aligned. If it is too close to the other stop 109 in the outer ring 102, it cannot move in the axial direction because it then strikes against the axial stop 125. Thus, if the rotor 1 is rotated clockwise by the force of the spiral spring 1, the guide pin 201 on the piston 2 runs against the stop 109 and is therefore also in front of the axial stop 125, so that subsequent actuation of the first water pressure safety device 44 does not guide the guide pin 201 can move in the axial direction.

Mode of action

The igniter described above works as follows. Before the detonator is let into the water, the safety plug 63 with its warning flag 63a on the plug connector 69 is removed and kept by the operating personnel for control purposes in order to have an overview of the detonators and explosive charges that have been exposed. The detonator is then lowered into the water and brought to its location with a suitable vehicle. At this time, the individual assemblies of the detonator assume the rest position shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5, in which the guide pin 201 is located in the outer ring 102 and bears against the stop 108, so that it is aligned with the axial recess 103.

As the depth of the water increases, the membrane 19, which is biased by the conical spring 18, is acted upon to an increasing extent by penetrating water from the sieve 47 and the bushings 45 and is pressed into the interior of the housing 10. At the same time, the piston 2 and the guide pin 201 attached to it are advanced in the axial recess 103 until they come against the inner side wall of the inner ring 104 Facility is coming. While the guide pin 201 rests against the stop 108 in its rest position and thus blocks a rotary movement of the rotor 1 clockwise into the ignition position, the guide pin 201 now provides no resistance in the inner ring to a rotation of the rotor 1 counterclockwise, so that it overcomes when overcome the spring force of the coil spring 15 can be turned to the arming or ignition position.

As soon as the predetermined water depth is reached, which actuates the first water pressure safety device and has pushed the guide pin 201 into the inner ring 104 as a focusing groove, the pin 69 can be pulled with the pull rope 65 when the functional water depth of the second water pressure safety device is reached, without the pre-tensioned rotor 1 can push out the release pin 34, because now the guide pin 201 lies in the axial recess 103 against the stop 105 and prevents a corresponding rotation of the rotor 1 in the clockwise direction.

When the pin 69 is pulled out, the bores 68 form water inlet openings to act on the membrane of the second water pressure safety device 54, but prevent sudden loading of the membrane, so that no damage and deformation can occur. In this case, the release pin 34 is pressed by the water pressure on the diaphragm 37 inwardly and rotate the rotor 1 at an angle of 9 ₀ °, wherein the release pin sliding along the provided with the arcuate recess 122 contact surface 110 34, without the danger of wedging consists. If the rotor 1 has been rotated by 90 °, the detonator 115 is opposite the contact pin 25, which contacts the detonator 115 via its compression spring 26.

Simultaneously with the pushing-in of the trigger pin 34, the board 28 mounted on the piston 36 is advanced until it bridges the contact pins 31. The contact pins 31 are accommodated in the contact pin housing 8, which in turn is mounted with fastening pins 85 and 86. The contact pins 31 are acted upon by springs 32, which ensure reliable contact with the circuit board 28 on the one side and are connected on the other side to a contact circuit board 35, which in turn is electrically connected to the lines 85 in order to at this point Close circuit.

Pulling the pin 69 in air or in too shallow water has the result that the rotor 1 with its detonator 115 comes into an irreversible blind position, in which the trigger pin disengages from the contact surface 110 of the rotor 1, while the guide pin 201 des Piston 2 of the first water pressure safety device 44 moves into its blind adjustment groove.

As the above explanations show, the rotor 1 is a very essential component of the novel igniter, the shape of the guide groove 101 playing an important role. Wound to the guide groove 101 in a plane from, one has to imagine this guide groove approximately as stylized S, wherein the upper and lower beams (inner ring 104 and outer ring 102) are each at a right angle to the vertical bars (axial training s ^p arung 103).

When the igniter is in the rest position, the guide pin 201 is located at the outer end of the axial recess 103 and thus at the same time in the outer ring 102, wherein it rests against the stop 108. The leader exercises in this rest position pin 201 has a double function: firstly, it prevents the rotor 1 from rotating counterclockwise into the arming position of the igniter, because this rotation would be premature because the intended water pressure that actuates the first water pressure safety device 44 has not yet been built up. On the other hand, the guide pin 201 is prepared in this rest position for being pushed into the arming position, provided the required water pressure is exerted on the first water pressure safety device 44.

If the first water pressure safety device 44 has been actuated properly, the guide pin 201 has moved along the axial recess 103 in the inner ring 104 as a focusing groove and the guide pin 201 bears against the stop 105 and prevents the rotor 1 from rotating clockwise, by which the Trigger pin 34 would be pushed out after pulling the pin 69, since a pressure must first build up over the membrane 37 of the second water pressure safety device after pulling the pin 69 before the trigger pin 34 can pivot the rotor 1 into the ignition position against the force of the coil spring 15.

In the event that actuation of the pin 69 has occurred too early and the rotor 1 has rotated clockwise, there has been a relative movement between the guide pin 201 and the rotor 1, which engages the guide pin 201 on the outer ring 102 against the radial stop 109 brought. This position also has a double function, because on the one hand the stop 109 prevents further rotation of the rotor 1 and on the other hand the axial stop 125 opposite the guide pin 201 limits the axial movement of the guide pin 2 ₀ 1 and prevents the guide pin 201 from now still in the Inner ring 104 can reach as a focusing groove, since the rotor 1 is preloaded accordingly with its spiral spring 15.

As already mentioned, ignition of the detonator does not necessarily have to take place even when the rotor has turned to the arming position, because the ignition itself is dependent on the receipt of a suitable ignition pulse at the receiving part of the electronics module 59. If a received ignition pulse is not compatible with the ignition electronics or if no ignition pulse is received at all, the ignition will fail to appear in these cases. After a certain standby time, the ignition electronics then self-destruct, thus ensuring that after this time the igniter cannot function.

It should also be pointed out that the detonator described above is also insensitive to any arbitrary manipulation. The first water pressure safety device 44 is located far inside the housing 10. Its water feedthroughs 45 are connected to the sieve 47 on the front side of the detonator via an obliquely sloping channel that allows the water to flow away (cf. FIG. 2). The second water pressure safety device 54 is located at an inaccessible point in the interior of the housing 10 and can only be acted upon via the trigger pin 34 or the water entering through the bores 68 and 68a over a small cross section. If manipulation is attempted at this point, this requires the pin 69 to be pulled out, which, however, leads in the manner indicated that the rotor 1 rotates into its blind position and makes ignition of the igniter impossible because the rotor 1 with its spiral spring 15 is biased accordingly. In this way, the igniter described above is an extremely safe arrangement that also meets the highest requirements.

Mode of operation of the electronics module

The following description explains the mode of operation of the circuit arrangement arranged in the electronics module 59 of the underwater igniter.

This circuit arrangement has an analog receiving part, a digital logic part and two parallel discharge circuits connected via driver stages in order to either ignite a detonator or to disconnect the circuit from its voltage supply and short-circuit the latter, the digital logic part depending on the actuation of the two discharge circuits in successive time intervals controlled by two frequency and time correlated input signals.

This advantageously means that ignition is not possible within a first time interval to rule out accidents, ignition is possible at any time within a second time interval, but is not necessary to take account of the prevailing conditions and the power supply is provided in a third time interval is switched off permanently in order to avoid accidents and to safely rule out accidental ignitions.

In this case, the selective bandpass behavior of the analog receiving part is advantageously used, which is only possible over a narrow frequency range Input signals is designed, whereby there is a clear locking of the digital circuit against alien signals. In addition, the circuit according to the invention offers the advantage of a high level of operational reliability using C-MOS components that require little electricity during operation and an energy source in the form of a lithium battery that can be stored for a number of years.

It is clear that the ignition circuit according to the invention can be used both for a wide variety of mine destruction charges and for other underwater devices. In addition, there are of course other uses, if you z. B. the switch used in the embodiment of a water pressure safety device by another switch, the ignition circuit of which is put into operation when it is closed. While the use of the ignition circuit according to the invention with a mechanical arrangement of pre-plugs and water pressure fuses is a suitable type of use, the circuit according to the invention is by no means restricted to this.

General function

The entire ignition circuit of the detonator electronics is activated in that when a predetermined water depth of a few meters is reached, the ignition circuit is connected to the internal battery 40 via the switch 242 of the water pressure safety device, which is expediently a lithium battery. With a battery voltage of UBatt, a normal load current flows in normal operation, while an increased, approximately twice as large, load current flows for about 1 second at the moment of switching on. This behavior is at the same time the control for the function of the directional signal generator 226, which ensures that the digital time base 222 and the other digital assemblies 224-232 are brought into a defined starting position at the start of the mission. In addition to other safety measures, the gate electrode of the ignition thyristor Thy1 is also short-circuited during the first operating second, and thus ignition of this ignition thyristor Thy1 is reliably prevented.

With the end of the directional signal, the digital time base 222 begins with the generation of a time clock. The pulse diagram is shown in FIG. 10, in which the logic output levels of the two outputs Q11 and Q12 of the divider IC7 used are plotted against time. The total mission duration thus consists of three main intervals, namely a dead time t ₁ , an adjoining arming time t ₂ and finally a battery discharge time t ₃ . The production and use of in Fig 10dargestellten. Logiksi ^g dimensional will be described below.

During the dead time in the time interval t ₁ , a sound signal received by the hydrophone 210 can be amplified and are switched through by the Schmitt triggers, which are essentially made up of transistors T3 and T5 or T4 and T6, but the digital logic and decision logic prevents the output of an output signal from the power inverter 13 of the integrated circuit IC9 to the ignition Thyristor Thyl, so that ignition is not yet possible in this time interval t ₁ .

During the arming time in the subsequent time interval t ₂ , the input decoder IC4A in conjunction with the time base decoder IC4B enables the preparation of the NAND gate G1 in the IC8, so that when a correct ignition signal arrives, the power inverter I3 of the IC9 is switched on and the ignition process is initiated. However, if such an ignition signal fails to appear in the time interval t ₂ during the armed time, the battery 40 is discharged during the subsequent time interval t _3, and the entire electronic unit for electronics is disconnected from the power supply via a fuse Si. Ignition is impossible in this way, while recovery of the associated mine destruction charge or the underwater detonator is possible after the mission duration, but is not necessary.

Analog section with preamplifier, bandpass filter and isolation amplifier (see Fig. 11 and Fig. 16)

The analog part of the ignition circuit according to the invention, which essentially has a preamplifier 212, a bandpass filter 214, an isolation amplifier 216 and a first and a second selective filter 218 and 220, is shown schematically in FIG. 11 and in detail in FIG. 16.

Preamplifier

A ceramic pressure transducer or a hydrophone 210 is used to record the coded audio frequency signals emitted by a transmitter. The hydrophone 210 is already connected with a resistor R1 directly at the input of the circuit (see Fig. 16) in order to linearize the transmission dimension and to avoid the formation of a static DC voltage due to the intrinsic capacity of the hydrophone 210.

The sound signal received by the pressure transducer or hydrophone 210 is then fed via the coupling capacitor C2 to the inverting input of the analog operational amplifier IC1, which represents the essential component of the preamplifier 212. The inverting input of the operational amplifier IC1, with two high-impedance resistors R3 and R2, lies symmetrically between the ground and the supply voltage U _Batt , while the supply line itself has two capacitors C1 and C15 is blocked from the crowd. Two measuring points MP5 and MP6 for the received sound signal are located at the two ends of the resistor R1. The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected to ground via a resistor R 4 and a capacitor C3.

The gain of this first amplifier stage is V ₁ - 1000 ≅ 60 dB, corresponding to the selected frequency-dependent negative feedback of the operational amplifier IC1 via the resistor R5 and the series connection of the resistor R4 and the capacitor C3. For a received sound signal, the output voltage of the pressure transducer or hydrophone ₂ 10 has a value U1, so that a correspondingly amplified signal with a value of U2 is available for further processing at the output of the preamplifier 212.

The RC element consisting of the resistor R4 and the capacitor C3 provides a frequency-dependent amplification of the output signal, the attenuation measure being approximately 6 dB per octave. In connection with the RC element consisting of the capacitor C2 and the resistor R3. or the resistor R1, which together form a high-pass filter, there is already a slight band-pass behavior at this point. The capacitor C4 is used for frequency compensation of the operational amplifier IC1. The output of the IC1 is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R6 and via a capacitor C5, a resistor R7 and a capacitor C7 at the inverting input of a first operational amplifier IC2A of the subsequent bandpass filter 24.

Bandpass filter

The bandpass filter 214 essentially consists of two operational amplifiers IC2A and IC2B with appropriate circuitry in order to implement the bandpass behavior already desired in the preamplifier 212 with an even more pronounced attenuation loss.

The output of the operational amplifier IC2A is connected via a resistor R9 to the inverting input and via a capacitor C6 to the input of the capacitor C7 and to one side of a resistor R8 which is connected to ground on the other side. The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier IC2A is on one side of a resistor R10, on the other side via a capacitor C8 to ground, via a resistor R12 also to ground, via a resistor R14 to the non-inverting input of the next operational amplifier IC2B and is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R11. The output of the operational amplifier IC2A is connected via a resistor R13 and a capacitor C10 to the inverting input of the second operational amplifier IC2B of the bandpass filter 214. The output of the operational amplifier IC2B is via a resistor R16 with its inverting input and via a capacitor C9 with the input of the capacitor C10 and connected to one side of a resistor R15, which is connected to ground on the other side.

The desired bandpass behavior with a pronounced attenuation curve can be achieved, for example, by connecting two selective filters of the 1st order in series, the resonance frequencies of which are slightly out of tune with one another, which is also referred to as "staggered tuning". The qualitative attenuation curve is shown in Fig. 13, in which the amount of the normalized gain is plotted against the normalized frequency. Curves 1 and 2 show the frequency response of the individual filters, while curve 3, which is drawn out more strongly, shows the resulting frequency response.

It can be seen that the resulting frequency response shown in curve 3 is substantially flatter in the vicinity of the resonance frequency than that of the individual low-pass filters, but drops more steeply at higher and lower frequencies. A bandpass filter optimized for the transmission range, as is used in the entire circuit arrangement, is shown in detail in FIG.

The attenuation curve of the selective bandpass filter shown in FIG. 14 or FIG. 16 is shown in FIG. 15.

Using components with a maximum tolerance of 1% for the resistors R7 to R13 or 2.5% for the capacitors C6 to C10 results in a sufficiently small frequency change over the temperature range from -20 ° C to +50 ° C.

The subsidence of the transmission dimension at the band ends shown in Fig. 15 is a maximum of 6 dB and is insignificant in practice, since the gain is constant at + 1 dB in the area actually used.

Isolation amplifier

The signal amplified in the preamplifier 212 and processed and amplified in the bandpass filter 214 is applied via a coupling capacitor C11 to the inverting input of an operational amplifier IC3

The input side of the capacitor C11 is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R17, while the inverting input of the IC3 with two high-resistance resistors R18 and R19 is symmetrical between the ground and the supply voltage. The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier IC3 is connected to ground via a resistor R20 and a capacitor C12, so that the operational amplifier IC3 is negatively coupled via the RC element R20 / C12 depending on the frequency. The output of the IC3 is connected to its non-inverting input via a potentiometer P1, so that the output voltage required to control the Schmitt trigger can be set in the two selective filters 218 and 220. criteria to maintain the selected sensitivity is the clear switching of the Schmitt trigger, which is detectable for the two frequencies F1 and F2 at the two measuring points MP3 and MP4 at the output of the two selective filters. The capacitor C13 is used for frequency compensation of the operational amplifier IC3. Furthermore, the output of the operational amplifier IC3 is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R21.

All four operational amplifiers IC1, IC2A, IC2B and IC3 are connected in the usual way to the supply voltage U _Batt and to ground (see FIG. 16).

The now low-impedance and low-frequency output signal present at the output of the isolating amplifier 216, that is to say at the output of the operational amplifier IC3, is decoupled via a decoupling capacitor C14 and passed via an RC low-pass element, which consists of a resistor R22 and a capacitor C16, to the Zener diode connected as a limiter D1, which limits the low-frequency output signal when the Zener voltage is reached.

This measure ensures that with constant amplification with a stronger input signal, for example with a short ignition and blasting distance, the downstream tuning fork filters StG1 and StG2 are not overridden before the Schmitt triggers. The result would be that the permissible switching bandwidth of the tuning fork filter would deviate too much from the nominal frequency. In this way, part of the high selectivity achieved would be lost again.

Selective filter and Schmitt trigger

The low-frequency voltage available at the output of the isolating amplifier 216 is fed to the two selective filter channels for the code frequencies F1 and F2 for further signal conditioning via the two decoupling resistors R23 and R24, where they can be processed separately. The required high selectivity and transmission quality can be achieved with relatively little circuitry only by means of piezo-electric tuning fork filters, which exactly maintain the resonance target frequency printed on + 1 Hz.

The two tuning fork filters StG1 and StG2 are each followed by a transistor T1 or T2 in channel F1 or F2 connected as an emitter follower, which each trigger a Schmitt trigger via coupling capacitors C19 and C20, which trigger consists of the two transistors T3 and T5 and T4 and T6 is built. In the channel for the signal F1, the base of the transistor T1 is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R25, while the emitter of T1 is connected to ground via a resistor R27 and a parallel capacitor C17 and the collector is connected directly to the supply voltage. The capacitor C19 is connected on the input side to the emitter of T1, is connected to ground on the output side via the reverse-connected diode D2 and supplies the output signal from T1 via the forward-connected diode D4 to the base of the transistor T3 of the first Schmitt trigger. The base of T3 is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R29 and to ground via a capacitor C21.

The collector of the transistor T3 lies over one Resistor R31 on the supply voltage and is directly connected to its own emitter via a capacitor C23 and to the base of the downstream transistor T5. The emitter of T3 is connected to ground via a resistor R32 and is connected to the emitter of the transistor T5 connected downstream. The emitter of T5 is connected to its base via capacitor C23, while its collector is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R35. The MP3 measuring point is also located at the collector of T5.

In the second selective filter, the base of the transistor T2 connected as an emitter follower is connected to the second tuning fork filter StG2 and via a resistor R26 to the supply voltage, while the collector of T2 is connected directly to the supply voltage. The emitter of T2 is connected to ground via a parallel connection of resistor R28 and capacitor C18, while the output signal from T2 is connected to the base of transistor T4 of the second Schmitt trigger via the emitter, coupling capacitor C20 and a forward-connected diode D5. The output side of the capacitor C20 is connected to ground via a diode D3 switched in the reverse direction. The base of T4 is connected to the supply voltage U _Batt via a resistor R30 and to ground via a capacitor C22. The collector of T4 is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R33 and directly to the base of the transistor T6 of the second Schmitt trigger. A capacitor C24 is connected between the collector and the emitter of T4, while the emitter of T4 is connected to ground via a resistor R34 and is connected directly to the emitter of the transistor _T 6. The collector of transistor T6 is connected to the supply voltage via a resistor R36, and also forms the collector of T6 the measuring point MP4 for the signal F2 with the second code frequency.

Both Schmitt triggers work with switching delays in the millisecond range, so that interference pulses and noise signals cannot lead to false tripping. The measure thus serves to introduce a switching delay for operational safety. After switching the two Schmitt triggers with the transistors T3 and T5 or T4 and T6, a DC voltage signal with a level of approximately 0 V ₌ is present at both measuring points MP3 and MP4, which are used as input signals for the digital logic and logic part of the Ignition circuit serve.

The setting of the isolating amplifier 216 for the downstream selective filters takes place in such a way that an input signal is fed in at the measuring point MP5, both frequencies F1 and F2 being selected in accordance with the marked fuse coding.

Thereupon, the switching of the Schmitt trigger with the transistors T3 and T5 for the frequency F1 is monitored at the measuring point MP3, while the gain is set at the potentiometer P1. An initially applied DC voltage signal with a level of U _Batt goes to a level of approximately 0 V ₌ when the Schmitt trigger is switched. In the same way, at the measuring point MP4 when the input signal is fed in with the frequency F2 controls the switching of the second Schmitt trigger with transistors T4 and T6. This completes the setting of the gain, the total gain of the amplifier filter chain being equal to the sum of the gains of the individual amplifiers.

Digital part of the ignition circuit

All integrated circuits IC4A, IC4B, IC5, IC6, IC7, IC8 and IC9 in the digital part of the ignition circuit are constructed in C-MOS technology and connected in a conventional manner to the supply voltage U _Batt or to ground, these connections being shown for the sake of clarity the drawing are omitted. The signals F1 and F2, which are amplified and filtered in the analog part, are fed, as shown in FIG. 17, at the two inputs A and B into the input decoder IC4A, while the signal F1 is also at the fourth input of the NAND gate G1. The supply voltage of the input decoder IC4A is blocked from ground via a capacitor C26. The outputs Q0 and Q3 of the IC4A are brought out freely, while the output Q1 of IC4A is connected to the P / S control input of the shift register IC5 and the output Q2 of IC4A is connected to the second input of the NAND gate G1.

At the output RI of the inverter I1 are the input of the Inverter 12, via a resistor R 48, the base of the transistor T7, the clock input E of the time base decoder IC4B, the reset input R of the divider IC7, the reset input R of the divider IC6 and the clock input E of the input decoder IC4A connected. The output Q12 of the divider IC6 is brought out, the output Q13 of the divider IC6 is connected to the clock input CL of the shift register IC5 and the output Q14 of the divider IC6 is connected to the clock input CL of the divider IC7. The outputs Q11 and Q12 of the divider IC7 are connected to the inputs A and B of the time base decoder IC4B.

In the time base decoder IC4B, the output QO is brought out, the two outputs Q1 and Q2 are connected to the two inputs of the NOR gate G3 and the output Q3 is connected to the fourth input of the NAND gate G2. The output of the NOR gate G3 is connected to the third input of the NAND gate G2 and to the input of the inverter 15. The output of the inverter I5 is on the one hand at the third input of the NAND gate G1 and on the other hand via a resistor R39 at the measuring point MP8, which is blocked against ground via a capacitor C27. The output RI of the inverter 12 is connected to the first two inputs of the NAND gate G2 and to the eight parallel data inputs PI1 to PI8 of the shift register IC5. The input DS of the shift register IC5 is grounded, its two outputs Q7 and Q8 are brought out and the output Q6 is connected to the first input of the NAND gate G1. The outputs of the two NAND gates G1 and G2 are connected to inverters I3 and I4, which deliver the signals for the detonator ignition circuit and the battery discharge circuit via resistors R40 and R41. The output of the inverter I2 is via a Resistor R42 is fed back to the input of inverter I1.

und über eine Serienschaltung aus einem Potentiometer P2 und einem Widerstand R38 mit dem Eingang 0̸ verbunden ist. Der Eingang 0 selbst liegt am Meßpunkt MP7, der als Zeitraffereingang verwendbar ist.The divider IC6 is connected in the manner specified, so that the input 0 via a capacitor C25 and a resistor R37 to the input

and via a series connection of a potentiometer P2 and a resistor R38 with the input 0̸ connected is. Input 0 itself is at measuring point MP7, which can be used as a time-lapse input.

The input decoder IC4A and the time base decoder IC4B are designed in the form of an integrated circuit and operate according to the truth table given in FIG. 18.

Input and output functions of the digital part

Two input functions are formed by the two signals F1 and F2, which are m trapezoidal pulses that run from "L" to "φ" and a rise time of about 50 ms, a rise ver delay of about 50 ms and a fall time of about 50 ms. The pulse duration is approximately 1 second when the transmission is correct and the reception is undisturbed, but the transmission pulse can fluctuate or be chopped due to interference on the transmission path. Despite the above-mentioned, deliberately flat edge steepness, the pulses are suitable for further processing in the subsequent C-MOS circuits. There is a certain pulse pause between the two signals F1 and F2.

Another input function is the supply voltage or battery voltage U _Batt ^, because from its rise when the battery 240 is switched on by the switch 242 of the water pressure safety device, the directional signal RI is derived, which brings all flip-flops within the C-MOS circuits to their starting position and also during The settling time blocks the ignition release with a safety circuit.

The two output functions of the digital part are the ignition current for the detonator 238 and the battery discharge current of the battery 40.

• a) Scharfzeit: Freigabe der Zündung des Detonators238 nach t₁ nach dem Schließen des Schalters242 der Wasserdrucksicherung in einer vorgegebenen Wassertiefe von einigen Metern;
• b) Ende der Scharfzeit: Sperren der Freigabe der Zündung des Detonators238 nach t₁ + t₂ nach dem Schließen des Schalters242 der Wasserdrucksicherung und Abtrennen der gesamten Zündschaltung von der Batterie 40;
• c) Entladen der Batterie 40 ebenfalls nach t₁ ⁺ t₂ nach dem Schließen des Schalters242 der Wasserdrucksicherung;
• d) Zeitfenster mit 3 Sekunden: Freigabe des Signals zur Zündung des Detonators238 für etwa 3 Sekunden, wenn das Signal F1 wieder verschwunden ist, so _daß der Pegel wieder auf eine-Spannung von U_Batt ansteigt. In dieses Zeitfenster muß das Signal F2 fallen, damit die Zündbedingung für den Detonator238 erfüllt ist.

As already mentioned at the beginning, the digital part of the ignition circuit has several tasks. Once the digital part checks whether the signals F1 and F2 appear approximately with the correct pulse length and the specified time sequence. Furthermore, the detonator ignition circuit is blocked if this condition is not met. In addition, the input functions are logically linked to one another and the two signals for igniting the firing thyristor Thy1 for the detonator and the discharging thyristor Thy2 for the battery are formed Signals locked depending on the time functions. In addition, all memories are aligned when the battery is switched on and the output functions are blocked. The following time functions are formed to carry out these various tasks:

• a) Arming time: release of the ignition of the detonator 238 after t ₁ after the switch 242 of the water pressure safety device has been closed at a predetermined water depth of a few meters;
• b) end of the arming time: blocking the release of the ignition of the detonator 238 after t ₁ + t ₂ after closing the switch 242 of the water pressure safety device and disconnecting the entire ignition circuit from the battery 40;
• c) discharging the battery 40 also after t ₁ ⁺ t ₂ after closing the switch 242 of the water pressure safety device;
• d) Time window with 3 seconds: release of the signal to ignite the detonator 238 for about 3 seconds when the signal F1 has disappeared again, so _that the level rises again to a voltage of U _Batt . Signal F2 must fall within this time window so that the ignition condition for detonator 238 is fulfilled.

The individual components of the ignition circuit are explained in detail below.

Eingan ^g sdecoder

• F1, F2: logisch "L" (DC-Signal mit 11,2 V )
• F1, F2: logisch "φ" (Nullsignal).

The input decoder IC4A is used to sample the two signals F1 and F2 by the two Schmitt triggers generated in the two selective filters 218 and 220 respectively. In the description below, the following notation is used for the signals:

• F1, F2: logic "L" (DC signal with 11.2 V)
• F1 , F2: logical "φ" (zero signal).

The two signals F1 and F2 are supplied at the measuring points MP3 and MP4 from the outputs of the two Schmitt triggers, at which the interface between the analog parts and the digital part of the ignition circuit is located. The two signals are fed to an input decoder IC4A constructed in C-MOS technology, the input code being to be understood as a 2-bit binary code, i. H. the logic signals F1 and F2 are considered binary variables and can occur in any distribution. The output code of the input decoder IC4A is a 1-out-of-4 code, whereby one of the four outputs can carry an L signal. The additional clock input E is only controlled with the directional signal RI from inverter I1 and blocks all four outputs of the input decoder IC4A during the turning on of the battery 40.

As shown in Fig. 17, only the two outputs Q1 and Q2 of the IC4A are used, with Q1 then becoming active and carrying an L signal when F1 is at the 0 level, i.e. when the frequency F1 has been emitted by the transmitter and the analog part as the receiving part has properly picked up, selected and amplified the oscillation train.

Due to the above truth table of the A ^g angsdecoders IC4A exists the further condition that must not lie too F2 simultaneously with F1. Conversely, the signal over applies to the next phase carry that the signal F1 must have disappeared again before the signal F2 comes. In this case the output Q2 of the input decoder IC4A becomes active, while all other outputs carry a φ signal. If signals F1 and F2 are correctly received with the corresponding frequencies, an L signal appears at output Q1 with the statement "F1 and F2 ", then the L signal changes to output Q2 and then means" FT and F2 ". If both signals F1 and F2 with the corresponding frequencies are missing or if both signals occur simultaneously, then the two outputs Q1 and Q2 are both on φ- Level.

Directional signal generator

In the directional signal generator 226 (see FIG. 17), the two inverters I1 and I2 connected in series form a C-MOS buffer inverter in IC9 with positive feedback via resistor R42 together with a series resistor R43, a Schmitt trigger. This Schmitt trigger controls the charging voltage of the capacitor C30, which is expediently designed as a tantalum electrolytic capacitor. When the ignition circuit is switched on via the switch 242 of the water pressure fuse, the capacitor C30 is charged to the supply voltage U _Batt via the charging resistor R46. The charging time constant is approximately 1/2 second.

The downstream Schmitt trigger tips about 1 second after switching on. The output RI remains at φ level during this time and then jumps to L level (RI signal). The complementary output RI goes to L level immediately after switching on and tilts back to the φ level about 1 second later. Both Signals are used in the digital part of the ignition circuit, as follows:

The signal RI brings all flip-flops of the binary converter into the zero position and blocks the input decoder IC4A and the time base decoder IC4B via the clock inputs E during the target time. In addition, the signal RI supplies the drive signal for the base of the transistor T7 for the function of a short-circuit which ensures that the Z'ind thyristor Thy1 remains blocked for the time of the directional signal generation.

The signal RI holds the parallel data inputs PI1 to PI8 of the shift register IC5, which is used to generate the 3-second time window, at the φ level for about 1 second. At the same time it blocks__. signal RI the NAND gate G2 for 1 second, so that the discharge thyristor Thy2 cannot be fired.

With the decay of the signal RI and the complementary signal RI, the input decoder IC4A and the time base decoder IC4B as well as the NAND gate G2 at the output for the ignition of the discharge thyristor Thy2 are unlocked Ignition thyristor Thy1 for the detonator 238 canceled and all binary coasters in the dividers IC6 and IC7 released. The parallel data inputs PI1-PI8 of the shift register IC5, which works as a time window 228, are set to L level. The entire ignition circuit is thus in operation and is no longer dependent on the signals RI or RI.

Time window

The function of the time window 228 is implemented with an 8-stage, static C-MOS shift register IC5, in which the eight parallel data inputs PI1 to PI8 are constantly at the L level after the switch-on process. The only serial data input, namely the input DS of the IC5 is fixed at φ level. The three outputs Q6, Q7 and Q8 of the last three flip-flops of the shift register IC5 are brought out, but only the output Q6 is used to pass on the time window pulse.

The clock input CL of the shift register IC5 is constantly supplied with symmetrical square-wave pulses, which are supplied by the clock system of the digital time base 222 described in more detail below. The pulse repetition frequency is 2.2755 Hz, which corresponds to a period of 0.44 seconds. The parallel-serial control input P / S determines the function of the shift register IC5.

If there is a signal at the L level at the control input P / S of the IC5, the shift register IC5 operates in parallel, i. H. it works asynchronously and parallel operation has priority.

If there is a signal with a φ level at the control input P / S of the shift register IC5, the shift register IC5 operates in serial mode, i.e. synchronized with the clock pulses at the clock input CL.

The control input P / S of the shift register IC5 is driven by the output Q1 of the input decoder IC4A (cf. FIG. 17). The shift register IC5 switches to parallel operation when the output Q1 of the IC4A goes low, ie when the signals "F1" and "F2" are received by the circuit. In this case the output Q6 goes of the shift register IC5 at L level and remains at L level as long as the signal "F1 and F2" is present.

When the signal F1 disappears after about a second, the output Q1 of the input decoder IC4A switches back to φ level, so that the shift register IC5 switches back to serial operation via the control input P / S. With the next clock pulse at the clock input CL, a logical “φ” is “pushed” into the first flip-flop of the shift register ICS, since the serial data input or control input DS, as already mentioned, is constantly at φ level. With the positive edges of the following clock pulses, the front of the signals with φ level shifts from flip-flop to flip-flop. With the sixth clock pulse, the signal reaches the output Q6 of the shift register ICS. In this way, the pulse called the time window is generated, which has the following duration:

T _F1 is hidden in the output link for firing detonator 238 so that the duration of the time window is between 2.2 and 2.64 seconds. The tolerance range is explained by the fact that the positive edges of the clock pulses are asynchronous to the signal F1, their phase position is purely random. The next edge at the transition from φ level to L level after the disappearance of the signal F1 can come immediately afterwards or only after 0.44 seconds.

The pulse width of the time window pulse, in addition to this tolerance which is customary for digital counting circuits, depends only on the accuracy of the oscillator frequency of 2.2755 Hz, which will be discussed in more detail below in connection with the digital time base 222. The The output pulse at the output Q6 of the shift register IC5 is at the first input of the NAND gate G1 for the output combination of the ignition of the detonator 238.

Digital time base

The timing system of the ignition circuit consists of an RC oscillator with a 26-bit binary reducer (2 ²⁶ = 67.108.864) and a decoder that evaluates the last two bits of the divider chain.

The RC oscillator is part of a divider IC6 which is designed in C-MOS technology and has 14 flip-flops connected in series, which form a binary coaster 1: 16 384, the operation is asynchronous (ripple-carry). The divider IC6 is reset via a common reset input R, specifically with the directional signal RI from the inverter I1 already explained above. The RC oscillator integrated with the binary coaster is tuned by the trim potentiometer P2, the total load resistance due to the measuring arrangement at the measuring point MP7 being 1 MΩ. The clock input or clock input of the first flip-flop of the divider IC6 is brought out and labeled "0". The oscillator can be overridden by applying an external rectangular pulse sequence to the measuring point MP7 and thus to the clock input, so that the own RC circuit is ineffective. The following binary coaster processes frequencies up to approx. 8 MHz.

To test the clock program contained in the ignition circuit, z. B. feed an external frequency in the MHz range via the measuring point _MP 7 into the clock input, which shortens the clock time to a few seconds, to avoid long waiting times during the test and setting, ie you work in time-lapse mode at measuring point MP7. It is important here that the controlling square-wave signal must never run symmetrically around the zero point, but should be approximately 10 V _SS , starting from ground. Please note that negative voltages of ≤ 0.7 volts at measuring point MR7 can destroy the divider IC6.

The last output Q14 of the 14-stage binary reducer in the divider IC6 emits a square wave frequency of 1.13775 Hz at the downstream 12-stage binary reducer of the divider IC7 (18641: 16384). This divider IC7 divides the square frequency once again in a ratio of 1: 4096, ie by the value 2 ¹² , so that at its last output a square frequency of 2.7777. 10-4 Hz can be tapped.

The frequencies and times shown in FIG. 19 are tapped and evaluated from the entire divider chain, which consists of the two dividers IC6 and IC7.

The frequency of 2.2755 Hz serves as the clock frequency at the clock input CL for the shift register IC5. The other two frequencies at the two outputs Q11 and Q12 of the divider IC7 are fed to the time base decoder IC4B at its two inputs A and B for evaluation. The input code of the time base decoder IC4B is a 2-bit binary code, its output code is a 1-out-of-4 code. According to the pulse diagram shown in FIG. 10, the three time ranges t ₁ , t ₂ and t ₃ result at the output of the time base decoder, as can be seen from the table shown in FIG. 20.

During the time t ₁ after the ignition circuit is switched on, the two NAND gates G1 and G2 at the output of the digital logic part ₂ 24 in the two ignition channels for the ignition of the detonator 238 on the one hand and the discharge of the battery 40 on the other hand are blocked. The only output of the time base decoder IC4B which carries an L-level signal, namely 00, is not used. After t _{1 has} elapsed, the signal with L level changes to output Q1 of the time base decoder IC4B. This signal with L level then goes to the output Q2 and finally after t ₁ + t ₂ after switching on to the output Q3 of the time base decoder IC4B, the outputs Q1, Q2 and Q3 leading to the output combination of the digital logic part 224.

Ausgangsverknü ^p levies for firing the detonator or for discharging the battery

• a) Ein Zeitintervall von t₁ ist nach dem Einschalten der Zündschaltung vergangen: Es liegt ein Signal mit L-Pegel am dritten Eingang des NAND-Gatters G1 im IC8.
• b) Ein Signal F1 ist empfangen worden: Damit liegt ein Signal mit L-Pegel am ersten Eingang des NAND-Gatters G1 des IC8 für die Dauer des Signales F1 und ein Intervall von ungefähr 2,4 Sekunden an.
• c) Das Signal F1 ist wieder verschwunden: Es liegt ein Signal mit L-Pegel am vierten Eingang des NAND-Gatters G1 des IC8 an.
• d) Unmittelbar nach dem Verschwinden des Signals F1 wird ein Signal F2 empfangen: Es liegt ein Signal mit L-Pegel am zweiten Eingang des NAND-Gatters G1 des IC8 an.

A total of four conditions must be met to control the thylistor, which triggers the detonator238 to ignite:

• a) A time interval of t ₁ has passed after the ignition circuit has been switched on: there is a signal with an L level at the third input of the NAND gate G1 in the IC8.
• b) A signal F1 has been received: This means that a signal with an L level is present at the first input of the NAND gate G1 of the IC8 for the duration of the signal F1 and an interval of approximately 2.4 seconds.
• c) The signal F1 has disappeared again: there is a signal with an L level at the fourth input of the NAND gate G1 of the IC8.
• d) Immediately after the disappearance of the signal F1, a signal F2 is received: a signal is present L level at the second input of the NAND gate G1 of the IC8.

At the output of the quadruple NAND gate G1 of the IC8 in the digital logic part 24, a signal with a φ level is produced when the four conditions mentioned are fulfilled. The downstream inverter I3 generates an L-level signal from this 0-level signal, i.e. a signal to fire the firing thyristor Thy1 of the detonator 238. This L-level signal is fed to the gate electrode as the ignition electrode of the ignition thyristor Thy1, where it is also subject to a link to the directional signal RI from the inverter I1. The transistor T7, whose base is driven by a base voltage divider with the two resistors R48 and R49, short-circuits the gate electrode during the target time.

• a) Die Erzeugung des Richtsignales RI ist abgeschlossen: Es liegt ein Signal mit L-Pegel an den ersten beiden Eingängen des NAND-Gatters G2 von IC8.
• b) Die Ausgänge Q1 und Q2 des Zeitbasisdecoders IC4B führen ein Signal mit φ-Pegel. Das nachgeschaltete NAND-Gatter G3 im IC8 erzeugt daraus ein Signal mit L-Pegel am dritten Eingang des NAND-Gatters G2, aus dem ein nachgeschalteter Inverter I5 ein Signal mit φ-Pegel für das vierfache NAND-Gatter G1 des IC8 an dessen drittem Eingang macht und damit im digitalen Logikteil224 im IC8 die beiden NAND-Gatter G1 und G2 gegeneinander verriegelt.
• c) Der Ausgang Q3 des Zeitbasisdecoders IC4B führt ein Signal mit L-Pegel, d. h. es ist 3 t₁, insgesamt die Zeit, t₁ + t₂, seit dem Augenblick des Einschaltens vergangen.

The following three conditions must be met to control the discharge thyristor Thy2 for battery discharge:

• a) The generation of the directional signal RI is completed: there is an L-level signal at the first two inputs of the NAND gate G2 of IC8.
• b) The outputs Q1 and Q2 of the time base decoder IC4B carry a signal with φ level. The downstream NAND gate G3 in the IC8 generates a signal with an L level at the third input of the NAND gate G2, from which a downstream inverter I5 generates a signal with a φ level for the fourfold NAND gate G1 of the IC8 at its third input and thus interlocks the two NAND gates G1 and G2 in the digital logic part 224 in the IC8.
• c) The output Q3 of the time base decoder IC4B carries a signal with an L level, ie it has passed 3 t ₁ , the total time t ₁ + t ₂ since the moment of switching on.

In this way, a signal with a φ level is present at the output of the second NAND gate G2 in the IC8, which signal is converted into a signal with an L level by a downstream inverter 14 and is then used to ignite the discharge thyristor Thy2 for battery discharge.

Detonator ignition circuit

The output signal of the inverter 13 of the first driver stage 230 in the IC9 is fed to an RC filter, which consists of the resistor R40 and the capacitor C28, for deriving interference peaks. With the output signal from the inverter 13, the gate electrode as the ignition electrode of the ignition thyristor Thy1 in the ignition circuit of the detonator 238 is then driven directly via a series resistor R44 and a diode D8 operated in the forward direction. The power diode D8 brings an additional safety threshold value of approximately 0.65 V into the ignition circuit.

A capacitor C33, expediently a tantalum electrolytic capacitor, is connected to the thyristor Thy1 on the anode side and is charged to the supply voltage of U _Batt = by the battery 40 via the resistor R58. The anode of the ignition thyristor Thy1 takes the ignition current for the detonator 238 from this capacitor C33, the capacitor C33 ensuring the required current surge. Detonator238 itself lies in the cathode circuit of ignition thyristor Thy1 against ground. In parallel with the detonator 238, the resistor R56 is connected to ground to discharge thyristor reverse currents, while the cathode of the thyristor Thy1 itself lies at measuring point MP9. The gate electrode of the thyristor Thy1 is connected to ground via a resistor R54 and a capacitor C32 connected in parallel with it, in order to discharge any positive interference peaks at the gate electrode of the ignition thyristor Thy1.

As already mentioned, the transistor T7 connected in parallel with the resistor R54 and the capacitor, C32, which with its emitter connects directly to ground, with its collector on the one hand directly at the gate electrode of the ignition thyristor Thy1 and on the other hand via the diode D8, the resistor R44 and the RC element from R40 and C22 at the output of the inverter I3, for the fact that the transistor T7 during the switching on of the circuit, over. the signal RI from the inverter I1, performs a short circuit function and ensures the blocking of the firing thyristor Thy1.

Battery discharge circuit

The output signal of the inverter I4 of the second driver stage 232 in the IC9 passes through an RC filter, similar to the detonator ignition circuit, which consists of the resistor R41 and the capacitor C29. From there, the signal runs as an ignition pulse for the discharge thyristor Thy2 via a resistor R45 and a Zener diode D7 to the gate electrode as the ignition electrode of the discharge thyristor Thy2, the Zener diode D7 having a Zener voltage of 5.1 V to raise the thyristor Ignition threshold ensures.

The gate electrode of the discharge thyristor Thy1 is connected to ground via a bleeder resistor R47, while a capacitor C31, expediently a tantalum electrolytic capacitor, is connected in parallel with R47 in order to short-circuit any interference peaks. The cathode of the discharge In contrast to the ignition thyristor Thy1, thyristor Thy1 is connected directly to ground, while the thyristor is mounted on a heat sink for better dissipation of the power loss that occurs in the discharge thyristor Thy2.

The battery 40 is discharged via four resistors R50 to R53 connected in parallel, which have a total resistance of approximately 11 ohms. The discharge thyristor Thy2 remains fired and discharges the battery 40 with an initial discharge current in the amp range. The rest of the ignition circuit is de-energized when the discharge thyristor Thy2 is fired, since at the same time the fuse Si, designed as a carrier fuse, is melted through a series circuit consisting of a diode D9 and a resistor R55.

From the time the switch 242 of the water pressure safety device is closed, the load resistor R57 ensures a constant load, so that the battery discharge process is not interrupted prematurely even when the holding current of the discharge thyristor Thy2 is undershot during the discharge phase.

Mode of action

As indicated in both FIGS. 11 and 12, the signals are received by the hydrophone 210 and pass through the preamplifier 212, the band-pass filter 214, the isolation amplifier 216 and the two selective filters 218 and 220, which deliver the two signals F1 and _F 2, which as Logic signals are further processed in the digital logic part, which is connected to a directional signal generator 226, a time window 228 and a digital time base 222 and contains the logic and decision logic, which, depending on the input signals received by the hydrophone 210, the first driver stage 230 or the second driver stage 232 is supplied with an output signal which either ignites the detonator 238 via an ignition circuit 234 or in the discharge circuit 236 for the disconnection of the supply voltage and the discharge of the battery 40. In practice, the ignition circuit described above is connected to the battery 40 with the switch 242 of the water pressure safety device and is thus put into operation if the pin and the water pressure safety devices have previously been released according to the forced sequence unlocking principle. As soon as this connection of the ignition circuit to the battery 40 has taken place, the dead time t of the detonator begins, so that an emergency vehicle which has brought an ignition charge provided with the ignition circuit to the place of use can easily move away, since an ignition of the detonator 238 therein Time interval is not possible.

After this dead time t ₁ , the arming time t _{2 of} the ignition circuit begins, during which the detonator can be ignited by coded signals with corresponding frequencies. In this case, ship noises or detonation impacts in or above the water are recognized and suppressed by the evaluation electronics of the ignition circuit as non-coded signals. For this reason, can be carried out simultaneously with a plurality of detonators with ignition circuits in this manner in an area of operation, since the igniter code in the evaluation electronics of the ignition circuit specified differently and the supplying channels can be adjusted to the individual detonator codes the _A uslöseimpuls.

If no ignition signal occurs in the ignition circuit during the arming time t ₂ , that is to t, + t ₂ after the start of the ignition circuit, the battery 40 carried in the igniter is discharged with a discharge current in the ampere range via a discharge circuit 236 with the thyristor Thy2. At the same time, the evaluation part of the ignition circuit, that is Analog part to the selection of the input signals, as well as the entire detonator ignition circuit separated from the battery 40 via the fuse Si, while the discharge thyristor Thy2 used for discharging the battery 40 remains switched through even after the discharge time t ₃ . If the holding current falls below approximately 10 milliamperes, the discharge resistor R57 discharges the battery 40 until it is completely exhausted.

In the ignition circuit described above, C-MOS components are expediently used, which have a relatively slow switching behavior in the microsecond range, but are completely sufficient for the present purpose and also offer the advantage that they do not load the battery unnecessarily because the individual components draw significant current for a few µs practically only at the moment of switching.

Reference symbol list

• 1 rotor
• 2 pistons
• 3 locking piece
• 5 sheathing
• 6 ignition amplifiers
• 7 main load
• 8 pin housing
• 10 housing
• 11 contact pin
• 12 compression spring
• 15 coil spring
• 16 spring housings
• 17 rotor locking screw
• 18 conical spring
• 19 membrane
• 20 closure
• 24 insulating sleeve
• 25 contact pin
• 26 compression spring
• 27 ring
• 28 board
• 31 contact pins
• 32 compression springs
• 34 release pin
• 35 contact board
• 36 pistons
• 37 membrane
• 38 disc
• 40 battery
• 41 pipe
• 42 closure
• 44 first water pressure safety device
• 45 water feedthroughs
• 47 sieve
• 54 second water pressure safety device
• 59 Electronic insert
• 61 closure
• 63 safety plug
• 63a warning flag
• 64 eyelet
• 65 pull rope
• 66 cover
• 67 eyelet
• 68 holes
• 68a circumferential groove
• 69 pins
• 69a fret
• 70 seals
• 72, 73 seals
• 75, 76 seals
• 85, 86 mounting pins
• 89 screws
• 91 pen
• 94-96 lines
• 97, 98 connector
• 99, 100 connector
• 101 guide groove
• 102 outer ring
• 103 axial recess
• 104 inner ring
• 105 stop
• 106 rotor body
• 107 rotor shaft
• 108, 109 radial stops
• 110 contact surface
• 111 characters
• 113, 114 protrusions
• 115 detonator
• 5 116 socket
• 118 lower bearing pin
• 119 upper bearing pin
• 120 rectilinear area
• 121 slant
• 10 122 'arcuate recess
• 123 rectilinear area
• 124 outer circumference
• 125 axial stop
• 126 cylinder part
• 15 201 guide pin
• 210 hydrophone
• 212 preamplifier
• 214 bandpass filter
• 216 signal conditioners
• 20 218 1. Selective filter
• 220 2. Selective filter
• 222 Digital time base
• 224 Digital logic part
• 226 Directional signal generator
• 25 228 time window
• 230 1st driver stage
• 232 2nd driver stage
• 234 ignition circuit
• 236 battery discharge circuit
• 30 238 detonator
• 242 switches
• R 1- R 58 resistors
• P1, P2 potentiometers
• Ci - C33 capacitors
• D1 - D9 diodes
• MP1 - MP 9 measuring points
• IC1 - IC9 integrated circuits
• G1, G2 NAND gates
• G 3 NOR gate
• I1 - 15 inverter
• T1 - T7 transistors
• Thy1, Thy2 thyristors
• StG1, StG2 tuning fork filter

Claims (31)

1. Underwater detonator for detonating explosive charges with at least two mutually independent fuses in the form of water pressure fuses and an anti-pin fuse with a rotor having a detonator which can only be moved into focus by means of a forced sequence unlocking, characterized in that the detonator is to be actuated in succession Fuses for the forced sequence unlocking a safety plug (63, 64) with warning flag (63a) for a pin (69), which blocks every movement of a release pin (34), a first water pressure safety device (44, 18-20, 2), the one Rotary movement of the rotor (1) locks in the ignition position, and one has a second water pressure safety device (54, 27-41) which causes the trigger pin (34) to be displaced and the rotor (1) to rotate into the ignition position, if the first water pressure safety device (44) had previously worked. 2. Underwater igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that the water pressure via a membrane (19) and a spring (18) acted on the first water pressure safety device (44, 18-20, 2) has a displaceable piston (2), the transversely projecting Guide pin (201) is in engagement with a guide groove (101) of the rotor (1) and is movable therein. 3. Underwater detonator according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide groove (101) of the rotor (1) has an outer ring (102) and a separate inner ring (104) which are connected to one another via an axial recess (103). 4. Underwater detonator according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer ring (102) form a blind adjusting groove and the inner ring (104) form a focusing groove, the axial recess (103) being the only connection between them. 5. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the outer ring (102) and the inner ring (104) of the guide groove (101) from the axial recess (103) extending in the circumferential direction in the opposite direction and two each of Stops (108, 109; 105) form limited, arcuate paths. 6. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the guide pin (201) of the piston (2) -the first water pressure safety device (44) only in the axially aligned position with the axial recess (103) when the piston (2 ) and the membrane (19) can be pushed into the focusing groove (104) by sufficient water pressure. 7. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rotor (1) is biased by a spring (15) which, when the trigger pin (34) is released in air, rotates the rotor (1) so that the Inadequate water pressure applied to the piston (2) with its guide pin (201) in the outer ring (102) of the guide groove (101) is moved to the blind position (109, 125) and is blocked against axial displacement when pressure is subsequently built up on the diaphragm (19). 8. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rotor (1) has stops (111) which limit its rotational movement in both circumferential directions. 9. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the trigger pin (34) at one end a transverse to its axis circumferential groove (68 a) and the holder (3) receiving it have corresponding bores (68) which have a Take the plug (69) inserted through it to seal it. 10. underwater detonator according to claim 9, characterized in that the pin (69) has an eyelet (64) at its push-through end, which receives the safety plug (63) with warning flag (63a), and that the other end (67) of the plug (69) is connected to a traction cable (65). 11. Underwater detonator according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the bores (68) in the holder (3) of the trigger pin (34) with the pin removed (69) water inlet openings with a small cross-section to act on the membrane (37) and Form the piston (36) of the second water pressure safety device (54). 12. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the trigger pin (34) in the rest position at its end facing away from the pin (69) transversely to the axis of the rotor (1) and eccentrically with its bearing surface (110) in engagement stands and only exerts a rotational force on the rotor (1) which releases its pre-tension and rotates it into the ignition position when the water pressure is effective via its membrane (37). 13. Underwater igniter according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the spring force of the rotor (1) biasing spring (15) and thus the water pressure required to cancel the second water pressure safety device (54) are adjustable. 14. Underwater detonator according to claim 13, characterized in that the spring (15) is designed as a spiral spring and is arranged in a spring housing (16), the number of rotations relative to the housing (10) of the detonator determines the spring force of the spring (15). 15. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the spring (15) rotates the rotor (1) when the trigger pin (34) is unlocked when the water pressure is insufficient and pushes the trigger pin (34) out so that its front end is over a bevel (121) slides on the outer circumference (124) of the rotor body (106) and disengages from the bearing surface (110). 16. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the bearing surface (110) of the rotor (1) is arranged eccentrically and has two rectilinear regions (120, 123) which are connected to one another via an arcuate recess (122) while the bevel (121) extends at an obtuse angle from a rectilinear region (120) to the outer circumference (124) of the rotor (1). 17. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the piston (36) of the second water pressure safety device (54) during the displacement of the piston (36) and trigger pin (34) which the rotor (1) with the detonator ( 115) turns to the ignition position, at the same time closes a switch (28, 31) for the ignition contacts. 18. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the detonator (15) is short-circuited in the secured position of the igniter via a short-circuit bridge (11, 12) which is separated into the ignition position when the rotor (1) rotates . 19. Underwater detonator according to one of claims 1 to characterized in that A contact pin (25) loaded with a spring (26) is arranged parallel to the trigger pin (34) and bears against the rotor shaft (107) and only penetrates into the ignition position in the detonator (115) when the rotor (1) is fully rotated and makes the ignition contact. 20. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that an analog receiving part (210-220), a digital logic part (222-228) and two parallel discharge circuits (234, 238) connected via driver stages (230, 232), Thyi; 236, Thy2) are provided in order to either ignite a detonator (238) or to disconnect the circuit from its voltage supply (240) and short-circuit the latter, and that the logic part (222 - 228) actuates the two discharge circuits (234, 238 , Thyl; 236, Thy2) in successive time intervals (t _i , t ₂ , t ₃ ) depending on two frequency and time correlated input signals (F1, F2). 21. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the analog receiving part (210-220) one behind the other a hydrophone (210), a preamplifier (212), a bandpass filter (214), a separation amplifier (216) and two in parallel has switched selective filters (218, 220), which deliver at their outputs (MP3, MP4) signals with logic level (F1, F2) for processing in the digital logic part (222-228). 22. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the analog receiving part (210-220) has two parallel selective filters (218, 220), each having a tuning fork filter (StGl or StG2) in its respective filter channel in series connection Have emitter followers (T1 or T2) and a Schmitt trigger (T3, T5 or T2, T4). 23. Igniter according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the selective filters (218, 220) are decoupled via two resistors (R23, R24) and have piezoelectric tuning fork filters (StG1, StG2) which have the impressed resonance frequency accurate to 1 Hertz adhere to. 24. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the digital logic part (22 - 28) a directional signal generator (26) for zeroing the time switch, a digital time base (22) for generating a clock pulse and a time window (28) for Sampling of time-coded and frequency-correlated received signals (Fi, F2). 25. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the digital logic part (222 - 228) has at its output two parallel driver stages (Gi, I3; G2, 14), each having a thyristor (Thyl, Thy2) Control the ignition of the detonator (238) or to disconnect the supply voltage and discharge the battery (40). 26. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the digital logic part (222 - 228) has a divider (IC6, IC7) and a downstream logic logic (Gi, G2, G3, 15), which are successively in a first Time interval (t _i ) block both discharge circuits, release the detonator ignition circuit (234) in a second time interval (t ₂ ) and block the battery discharge circuit (236) and in a third time interval (t ₃ ) the detonator ignition circuit (234) and the analog receiver (210 - Disconnect 220) and discharge the battery (40). 27. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the detonator can be connected to the supply voltage by closing a switch (242) of a water pressure safety device and that when the switch (242) is closed, the digital logic part (222 - 228) defines a defined one Takes the initial position and starts a dead time in the first time interval ( ^t _i ), 28. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the outputs (13, 14) from the digital logic part (222 - 228) are each connected to a gate electrode of the thyristors (Thyi, Thy2) and this when there is one switch through the specified output signals. 29. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that a transistor (T7) is connected to the gate electrode of the detonating thyristor (Thy1) for the detonator (238), which forms a short-circuit path at the moment the igniter is switched on and so that switching of the ignition thpristor (Thyi) is excluded. 30. Detonator according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the entire logic part (222 - 232) consists of C-MOS components. 31. Igniter according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the supply voltage is supplied by a lithium battery (40).

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