EA014454B1 - Modular reinforced structural beam and connecting member system - Google Patents

Abstract

A modular reinforced structural beam and connecting member system that includes at least one composite beam having two oppositely oriented triangular closed head portions and a transversally extending web interposed between said two closed head portions, each of said beams consisting of two separate members arranged such that corresponding head portions of said two members are nested one within the other and adjacent elements of the two members are in mutual stabilizing contact. A plurality of connecting members are connected to, and are in force transmitting contact with, one of the composite beams and another structural element.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to building beams, and more particularly to a modular system of reinforced building beams containing connecting elements and based on the use of a new light beam with triangular head parts.

State of the art

In commercial and residential construction, a wide variety of building beams are used, including prefabricated wooden beam trusses, laminated wooden beams, reinforced concrete beams and steel beams. Most often steel is used for such beams, and in these cases they have an I-beam (Ι-shaped) profile, a wide-shelf I-beam (N-shaped) profile, a C-shaped profile, a Ζ-shaped profile and a box-shaped (channel) profile. Steel building beams of various configurations are most often manufactured using hot or cold rolling technology and, as a rule, as a result have quite significant weight for a given bearing capacity.

In the manufacture of steel frames, I-beams are most often used because of their relatively high bearing capacity and moment of inertia. Such beams have a wall and two shelves, perpendicular to the wall and located at its ends, so that these beams can be used individually or in combination with a number of other beams, as well as, as a rule, together with many elements providing the connection of two or more beams, which allows you to reliably withstand the significant static loads attached to them. In this description, a structure made of at least one beam or strut, and usually from a series of beams or racks, as well as from a variety of connecting elements, will be called a beam system.

An I-beam is made by hot rolling, carried out after casting a billet from molten iron. Most I-beams delivered to the construction site have standard sizes, such as 6 or 12 meters, and undergo additional construction operations to meet the specific architectural and technical requirements of this project. These operations include cutting and welding of one or more walls or one or more shelves to obtain the desired beam dimensions, welding the connecting element to the beam, grinding welds, painting and galvanizing the beam or beam system, as well as assembling the beam or beam system in a frame structure . All of these additional construction operations are quite laborious and expensive.

Thus, there is a need to reduce the cost of production and assembly of the beam system without compromising its structural characteristics, which is the purpose of the present invention.

The prior art numerous building beams made of sheet steel, the manufacture of which requires less steel than for I-beams, while maintaining the same bearing capacity. So, for example, in patent document I8 991603, in the name of Brooks (Vgook), and in patent document ϋδ 3698224, in the name of Dunn (Eiii) et al, a metal pseudo-I-beam is disclosed, made entirely of material that is bent to obtain hollow shelves in upper and lower parts. Patent No. 5553437, issued to the author of the present invention, discloses a pseudo-I-beam made of two oppositely oriented and inserted into each other elements having a triangular head part, a wall part, a wall shelf and a tail shelf. The triangular shape of the head flange provides increased lateral stability compared to traditional I-beams due to its biaxial symmetry.

Such well-known lightweight construction beams with triangular warheads are difficult to form by means of an automated process. The fact is that, firstly, they are made by the method of cold rolling, in which metal sheets are passed through many pairs of rolls with a temperature below the recrystallization point, annealed and bent to obtain the desired shape. After the formation of two vertices of the triangle, it is not possible to provide adequate support for the supplied sheet metal to form the third vertex due to the lack of access to it. In addition, it is often required that the length of the construction beam is 15 m, and the sheet metal thickness required to make a structurally strong beam with triangular head parts is about 8 mm, which is much more than what most cold rolls produced by the industry can work with rolling.

In modular beam systems manufactured by the American company ViDet MapiGasShppd Sotrapu (see the website yyr: //tete.iDegtGd. parts, through runs, having lattice walls with pre-drilled holes, and bar stiffness bonds. In these structures, the components of the beam system after manufacture are galvanized and welded to each other. It is obvious that the manufacturing and assembly costs are quite large. In addition, the connecting elements are not welded here to the wall part, but to the shelf. As a result, this shelf happens

- 1 014454 stress concentration, and because of this, the components become even more massive and expensive.

The purpose of the claimed invention is to provide a modular beam system based on the use of a beam with a triangular head.

Another objective of the claimed invention is the provision of a modular beam system made in such a way that the assembly of all its components does not require welding.

Another objective of the claimed invention is the provision of a modular beam system containing connecting elements that are attached to the wall of the beam.

The next objective of the claimed invention is to provide a beam with the same bearing capacity as that of an I-beam, but made of sheet metal with a thickness of not more than 4 mm.

Another objective of the claimed invention is the provision of a method of manufacturing a construction beam with a triangular head part of galvanized sheet metal.

Another objective of the claimed invention is the provision of a method of manufacturing a building beam with a triangular head part, which is faster and cheaper than the known methods of manufacturing building beams.

Another objective of the claimed invention is to provide a method of assembling a beam system, which is faster and cheaper than the known methods of assembling a beam system.

Other objectives and advantages of the claimed invention will be apparent from the following description.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The claimed invention proposed a modular system of reinforced building beams and connecting elements, containing at least one composite beam with two oppositely oriented triangular closed head parts and a wall located between the two closed head parts, passing in the transverse direction, and each of these beams consists of two separate elements arranged in such a way that the corresponding head parts of these two elements are inserted into each other friend, and adjacent parts of these two elements are in mutually stabilizing contact; as well as a number of connecting elements, and at least two of these connecting elements are connected to one of these composite beams and to another structural element, being in contact with them, ensuring the transmission of forces.

In this description, the word beam means a rigid elongated structural element resting on each end and located with any suitable orientation, including horizontal orientation, vertical orientation when used as a stand, and inclined orientation in cases when it serves as a rafter beam. By the transverse direction is understood the direction along the length of the beam, by the longitudinal direction is the direction between the two triangular head parts of the beam, and by the lateral direction is the direction between the two wall parts of the beam.

The connecting element, which is usually made of relative thick sheet metal, is connected to the composite beam by any suitable method, for example, cold fastening or welding, in that section of the beam, which, due to technical considerations, requires reinforcement.

Each element of the composite beam has a first head part, a second head part and a wall part longitudinally disposed between said first head part and a second head part, said first and second head parts being made with a corresponding shelf extending substantially in the lateral direction; an inclined section extending between the first side end of said shelf and said wall portion, and an inclined edge extending from the first side end of said shelf and having a significantly shorter length than the length of said inclined section.

The first side of the triangular enclosed head contains two shelves of two elements of the composite beam, respectively, and its second and third sides contain an inclined section of one of the elements of the composite beam and the flange of the other element of the composite beam. On the second and third sides of the closed head part, the angle between the inclined portion and the corresponding shelf is substantially equal to the angle between the flange and the corresponding shelf.

The rigidity of the vertices of the head of the first element is increased due to the head of the second element into which the specified head of the first element is inserted.

According to one preferred embodiment, the angle between adjacent sides of the triangular enclosed head is 60 °.

According to one preferred embodiment, each beam element is obtained by cold rolling. Thus, the manufacture of a composite beam is an automated process with the following operations: supply of galvanized sheet

- 2 014454 metal through a group of cold rolling rolls; punching holes in said sheet metal to facilitate attachment to a connecting element or to air conditioning equipment, or for passing electric cables; bending said sheet metal to obtain the desired shape or dimensions required for molding the first element; re-performing the same steps to form the second element; and moving at least said second element so as to insert respective head parts of said first and second elements into each other so that adjacent parts of said first and second elements are in mutually stabilizing contact and to align respective transverse ends of said first and second.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, to prevent the relative lateral displacement of one of these beam elements, the system further comprises means for connecting the respective shelves of the first and second beam elements, such as “cold” fasteners.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the beam system further comprises means for connecting the corresponding wall parts of the first and second beam elements, such as cold fasteners.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the shelf of the first head part of the beam element has a longer lateral direction than the shelf of the second shelf part.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the first and second elements are the same, wherein said second element is oriented opposite to said first element, wherein the first head part of the second element is inserted into the second head part of the first element and the first head part of the first element is inserted into the second head part of the second item.

According to one variant of the claimed invention, the shelf of the first head part of the beam element has the same lateral length as the shelf of the second shelf part. The first head of the second element is inserted into the first head of the first element, and the second head of the second element is inserted into the second head of the first element.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the first head of the second element is inserted into the first head of the first element, and the second head of the second element is inserted into the second head of the first element.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the transition line between the inclined section and the wall part of the first element and the transition line between the inclined section and the wall part of the second element lie in one plane parallel to the respective shelves.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the connecting element is attached to the composite beam by means of cold fasteners in contact with corresponding aligned holes drilled in the connecting element and the beam. Thus, the connecting element can be attached to the beam without the use of welding, and builders engaged in the assembly of the beam system should not undergo special training.

Each beam and each connecting element can be made of materials selected from the group including steel, metals, alloys, plastic materials and composite materials.

The connecting element is preferably a finished product, attached at the installation site by means of cold fasteners.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the beam system comprises more than one element that is welded to each other.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the connecting element is attached to the composite beam by means of cold fasteners and a reciprocal plate insert attached to the specified beam from the inside.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the connecting element is made in the form of a coupling with predetermined lateral, longitudinal and lateral dimensions and can completely embrace and be in mutual stabilizing contact with the perimeter portion of the composite beam having the specified specified dimensions.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the coupling is connected to two beams lying in the same plane, which makes it possible to obtain a relatively light combined beam of increased transverse length, which can cover significantly greater distances and requires fewer fastenings than beams used in known beam systems. If the transverse length of the combined beam differs from the mounting size, the construction worker adjusts the composite beam by telescoping moving one of the two beams forming the combined beam relative to the coupling and connecting the combined holes of the coupling and the corresponding beam. If the holes do not fit together, then additional holes are drilled, and then cold fasteners are inserted into the aligned holes.

- 3 014454

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the coupling comprises two cold-rolled parts welded to each other.

According to one of the variants of the claimed invention, the coupling contains a single part, two adjacent edges of which are welded to each other.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the coupling comprises two adjacent coupling halves, respectively connected to the two sides of the beam.

According to one variant of the claimed invention, the connecting element is made with only one wall.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the wall of the connecting element is substantially shorter than the wall of the beam to which the connecting element is attached.

According to one variant of the claimed invention, the connecting element comprises a plate in contact with the wall or shelf of the beam with the transmission of force.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the connecting element comprises two angled plates and a portion extending between them, inclined with respect to said two plates.

According to one embodiment of the claimed invention, the connecting element further comprises at least one stiffener.

According to one variant of the claimed invention, the connecting element is made as a connection that perceives a bending moment.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In the drawings:

in FIG. 1 shows in perspective form two elements of a composite beam inserted into each other; in FIG. 2 is a side view of a composite beam, two elements of which are mutually inserted into each other;

in FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a composite beam with holes drilled in its wall and shelves;

in FIG. 4 is a side view of a composite beam in accordance with another embodiment of the claimed invention;

in FIG. 5 is a side view of a composite beam in accordance with another embodiment of the claimed invention;

in FIG. 6 is a side view of a connecting element made in the form of a coupling;

in FIG. 7 is a side view of the connecting member of FIG. 6 spanning the beam of FIG. 2, and in mutual stabilizing contact with it;

in FIG. 8 is a side view of a single wall connecting member;

in FIG. 9 is a side view of a connecting element with one wall, which is much shorter than the wall of the beam with which it is connected;

in FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a connecting element configured to connect two beams in the transverse direction;

in FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a connecting element configured to connect two beams in the longitudinal direction;

in FIG. 12 is a connecting element made with the possibility of attaching the beam to a flat structural element;

in FIG. 13 - in a perspective view of the connecting element, made in the form of a connection that receives a bending moment;

in FIG. 14A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a connecting element made in the form of a connection receiving a bending moment;

in FIG. 14B is a vertical cross-sectional view of a reciprocal plate insert; the section is made along the plane AA in FIG. 14A;

in FIG. 14C is a horizontal cross-sectional view of an angle sleeve made along plane BB in FIG. 14A, comprising a top view of the mating insert shown in FIG. 14B;

in FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a connecting element configured to attach the beam to the crossbar;

in FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a connecting element configured to make a ridge connection;

in FIG. 17 - in a perspective view of the connecting element, providing the connection of the rack and beam in the lateral direction;

in FIG. 18 - in a perspective view of the connecting element, ensuring the connection of the rack and beam in the vertical direction;

in FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a connecting element configured to connect two mutually perpendicular beams with different longitudinal dimensions;

in FIG. 20 and 21 - types of connecting elements used to attach the cables;

in FIG. 22-26 - connecting elements made with the possibility of connection to the corresponding run;

- 4 014454 in FIG. 27 is a side view of a connecting element made in the form of a plate;

in FIG. 28 is a top view of another embodiment of a connecting element; in FIG. 29 is a side view of a beam to which two connecting elements of FIG. 27; in FIG. 30A is a side view of a composite beam to which a reciprocal plate insert is attached; in FIG. 30B is a front view of the beam of FIG. 30A;

in FIG. 30C is a front view of two beams connected by a connecting member shown in FIG. 10;

in FIG. 31 is a front view of a girder system comprising a bend moment sensitive joint and a ridge joint;

in FIG. 32 is a front view of a beam system configured to connect two beams attached to columns;

in FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a beam system in which a plurality of beams and connecting elements are used with a layout similar to that of beam systems known in the art;

in FIG. 34 is a perspective view of another beam system in which a plurality of beams and connecting elements are used, and where, compared with the arrangement shown in FIG. 33, there is a greater span between the uprights, which can be obtained by beams and connecting elements according to the invention;

in FIG. 35 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a connecting element configured to attach a beam to a wall;

in FIG. 36A is a side view of a connecting element having two identical, differently oriented parts, welded to each other to obtain a coupling with two triangular head parts;

in FIG. 36B is a side view of one of the parts shown in FIG. 36A.

Detailed disclosure of preferred embodiments

The claimed invention discloses a new lightweight construction beam with two triangular head parts providing increased lateral stability and strength / weight ratio compared to traditional I-beams. Although some known beams are made with triangular head parts made by cold rolling, these parts are closed triangles, the third side of which cannot be formed quickly and automatically because of the lack of access to it and because the rolls cannot support the feed sheet metal in the process of bending to obtain a closed triangle. On the contrary, the beam according to the claimed invention is a composite beam made of two separate and oppositely oriented elements, assembled so that the corresponding head parts of these two elements are inserted one into the other. Each head part is an incomplete triangle, due to which the flange, that is, the end part, of the element is sufficiently accessible for the rolls to obtain the desired configuration of this element. When one of the head parts of one element is inserted into the corresponding head part of the other element, a closed triangle is obtained that has two layers and, therefore, has greater rigidity of the vertex. Cold fasteners are used to connect the walls of the two elements and attach the beam to the connecting element, as will be described in more detail below. Welding is not required, and, accordingly, the manufacture of such a beam and the assembly of a beam system consisting of one or more beams according to the invention require less time and cost than known structures, and the bearing capacity remains essentially the same.

In FIG. 1 is a perspective view of two laterally extending members of a composite beam inserted one into another. The beam, indicated at 10, has two identical and oppositely oriented elements 5 and 15. In the following description, element 5 will be considered, although it is clear that the second element 15 has a similar configuration.

The element 5 has a first head part 2, a second head part 12 and a wall part 7 extending longitudinally between the first head part 2 and the second head part 12. The first head part 2 has a shelf 6 extending essentially in the lateral direction, i.e. perpendicularly to a longitudinally extending wall portion 7, an inclined portion 3 extending from a laterally extending transition line 4 of the first head portion to a transition line 8 at one of the lateral ends of the shelf 6, and a lip 13 that extends laterally from the transition line 11 of the shelf 6 on its other transverse end. Although the rim 13 is also directed towards the transition line 4, but its length is much shorter than that of the inclined section 3. The second head part 12 contains a substantially laterally extending flange 16 having a larger lateral dimension than the flange 6 of the first head 2, an inclined portion 23 extending from a laterally extending transition line 14 of the second head portion to a transition line 18 at one of the lateral ends of the shelf 16, and a collar 27 that extends laterally from the transition line 26 of the shelf 16 at its other lateral end . Although the edge 27 is also directed towards the transition line 14, but its length is significantly

- 5 014454 less than the inclined section 23.

The angle between the flange 13 and the shelf 6 of the first head part 2 is essentially equal to the angle between the inclined section 23 and the shelf 16 of the second head part 12. The angle between the flange 27 and the shelf 16 of the second head part 12 is essentially equal to the angle between the inclined section 3 and shelf 6 of the first head part 2. The longitudinal dimension from the transition line 14 to the shelf 16 of the second head part 12 is essentially equal to the sum of the longitudinal size from the transition line 4 to the shelf 6 of the first head part 2 and the thickness of the shelf 6. Thus, when the first the head part 2 of the element 5 is inserted into the second the first head part 12 of the element 15 and when the first head part 2 of the element 15 is inserted into the second head part 12 of the element 5 (below we say in such cases that the first and second head parts are mutually inserted into each other), the corresponding parts of the elements 5 and 15 are in mutually stabilizing contact - this means that when any external force is applied to the beam 10, leading to a slight displacement of the element 5 relative to the element 15, some part of the element 5 can physically contact with the corresponding part of the element 15 and yshat its stability or vice versa. Despite the fact that two parts in mutually stabilizing contact, when the first and second head parts are mutually inserted into each other, are not necessarily in mutual physical contact, these two parts may be in physical contact during the application of external force. Thus, mutually stabilizing contact will prevent further movement of the already displaced part. As shown in the drawings, each wall portion 7 of the elements 5 and 15 and each corresponding pair of shelves 6 and 16, the inclined portion 3 and the flange 27 and the inclined portion 23 and the flange 13 are in mutually stabilizing contact. Since mutually stabilizing contact between the respective parts of elements 5 and 15 is provided in the beam under consideration, the thickness of the steel sheet can be as little as 4 mm, which makes it possible to use a cold rolling machine with a rather simple structure and at the same time obtain the same structural strength as the sheet steel 8 mm thick.

In the composite beam 10, reinforcement of the vertices is also provided when the first and second head parts are mutually inserted one into another. Although the first and second head parts are incomplete triangles, when they are inserted into each other, a substantially closed triangle forms. Thus, if we talk about the lower component of the head part, then the closed triangle will be limited to a two-layer base consisting of shelves 6 and 16, the first side representing the inclined section 23 of the element 5, and the second side representing the inclined section 3 of the element 15. When the first head part of the element 15 is inserted into the second head part of the element 5, the peaks, or rounded sections connecting two adjacent parts in the area of the transition line, the first head part of the element 15 gain increased rigidity giving the vertices of the second head part of the element 5, forming mutually stabilizing contact with them. The closed triangle of the composite head is preferably in the form of an equilateral triangle, although any other combination of angles will be perfectly acceptable.

Another advantage due to the fact that the composite head forms a closed triangle is that due to the difference in sizes of the parts of the first and second head parts, each pair of the transition line 4 of the first head part and the transition line 14 of the second head part lies in one plane parallel to shelves 6 and 16. If, in contrast to the design according to the invention, the transition line 4 of the first head part and the transition line 14 of the second head part did not lie in one plane parallel to the shelves 6 and 16, then the area of the two walls the new parts 7 would not be in mutually stabilizing contact. So, for example, if we talk about the lower component of the head part, the transition line 14 of the element 5 may be below the transition line 4 of the element 15, as a result of which the region of the wall part 7 of the element 5 below the transition line 4 of the element 15 will not be supported and, therefore, will be exposed loss of stability in the case of the application of significant enough effort. Thus, the configuration of the composite head in the form of a closed triangle according to the invention increases the lateral stability of the beam, which is of great importance in conditions of strong winds or seismic shocks.

In FIG. 2 is a side view of a composite beam 10, which is oriented differently from that shown in FIG. 1. The relative lateral displacement of the elements 5 and 15 is prevented by connecting the two shelves 6 and 16 of each component head part - the upper and lower - with cold fasteners 41, for example screws, bolts, nuts and rivets. For fastening the shelves, it is preferable to use blind rivets, due to the fact that after they pass through the corresponding shelves, access to them from the inside of the head of the beam is absent. In addition, cold fasteners 41 provide the ability to transmit tensile and compression forces, as well as moments from one shelf to another. It should be borne in mind that two adjacent shelves can be connected to each other by any other suitable joining methods, for example by spot welding or laser welding, although cold fasteners should still be considered preferred because of the ease of assembly. Two walls 7 of the respective elements 5 and 15 are connected to each other by means of cold fasteners 42, or other suitable connecting means, as a result of which

- 6 014454 the ability to transfer shear forces from one wall to another.

In FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a composite beam 10 and shows an exemplary arrangement of the holes drilled in the beam 10, through which, as will be described below, the connecting elements or cold fasteners are attached to the beam. As shown, in wall 7, near its front and rear transverse ends 34 and 35, holes 32 are drilled. In the upper and lower pairs of shelves 6 (Fig. 2) and 16, next to their front and rear transverse ends 38 and 39, holes 36 are drilled (for simplicity, only the top pair of shelves is shown here). It should be borne in mind that wall holes 32 and shelf holes 36 may well be made in other places, depending on the type of connecting element attached to the beam 10. The number of holes drilled in a given specific area depends on technical considerations, for example , on the thickness of the sheet metal, the dimensions of the beam and the concentration of stresses in this zone.

It should also be borne in mind that the composite beam according to the invention can be used not only as a beam when it is oriented in such a way that the horizontal or inclined direction is transverse, but also as a post when it is oriented in such a way that the vertical direction is transverse . In the following description, it is understood that we are dealing with a beam, the transverse direction of which is the horizontal direction, however, other options for orienting the beam are equally applicable.

Considering that the elements 5 and 15 are the same, as was already said when considering FIG. 1, both of these elements can be performed using cold rolling technology, when the first and second head parts 2 and 12, having the form of an incomplete triangle, are formed from galvanized sheet metal. The cost of producing welded hot-rolled I-beams is much higher, since in addition to the time and financial costs of welding various parts of the beam, the need for galvanizing the finished beam must be taken into account. After this, a composite beam is made by inverting one of the elements. When compared with that presented, for example, in FIG. 1, element 15 has an upper second head part 12, which is larger than its first lower head part 2, and element 5 has an upper first head part 2, which is smaller than its lower second head part 12. Then, element 15 is slightly lifted to those until its lower first head 2 enters the lower second head 12 of element 5 and its upper head 12 covers the first head 2 of element 5. Next, the element 15 is moved in the transverse direction until the front and rear transverse ends 38 and 39 (Fig. 3) element 5 and 15 are aligned, whereby the members 5 and 15 will be in a mutually stabilizing contact by being mutually inserted into each other. The holes in the walls and shelves can be made after the two elements are inserted into each other or, according to another option, during the cold rolling process in accordance with specific technical considerations. All of the above steps required to obtain a composite beam 10, can be performed automatically using computerized equipment for feeding and marking.

In FIG. 4 shows a side view of a composite beam 40, the two elements of which 44 and 54 are not the same - here the upper and lower head parts 46 and 48, respectively, of the element 44 are the same, as well as the upper and lower head parts 56 and 58, respectively, of the element 54. The head parts of the element 54 are smaller than that of the element 44 and inserted into them, as a result of which again the stiffness of the peaks is increased, while the head part 56 of the element 54 is inserted into the head part 46 of the element 44, the head part 58 of the element 54 is inserted into the head part 48 elements 44, and the corresponding e part elements 44 and 54 are in contact mutually stabilizing. Both elements 44 and 54 are manufactured using cold rolling technology, after which the element 54 is slightly lifted until its head parts 56 and 58 enter the corresponding head parts 46 and 48 of the element 44. After that, the element 54 is displaced until until it is laterally aligned with element 44.

In FIG. 5 is a side view of a composite beam 60, the two elements of which 64 and 74 are not the same and, in addition, have upper and lower head parts of different sizes. The upper head part 76 of the element 74 is inserted into the upper head part 66 of the element 64, and the lower head part 78 of the element 74 is inserted into the lower head part 68 of the element 64.

Given that the two elements of the composite beam according to the invention are in mutually stabilizing contact, the vertices of the upper and lower composite head parts gain additional rigidity, and each pair of transition lines of the first and second head parts lies in one plane parallel to the respective shelves, the beam according to the invention requires less steel than the known beams, with the same span and with the achievement of the same bearing capacity.

In the table below The согласно-ΙΙΙ beam according to the invention (the Invention column) is compared with I-beams known from the prior art in such parameters as weight and maximum deflection (row for a given value of the required moment of inertia (MI).

- 7 014454

Table I.

Span 15 m; 8 m in the center; allowable deflection - b / 250; the set moment of inertia is 27204 cm ⁴ ; constant load - 25 kg / m ² ; temporary load + wind load - 40 kg / m ² .

Beam 520x120x4 invention ΙΝΡ400 NEV 320 NEA 340 ΙΡΕ 450 Japanese I-beam 400x150 Span 15 m 15 m 15 m 15 m 15 m 15 m kg / meter 57 92.4 127 105 77.6 95.8 % one hundred 162 222 184 136 168

Table II.

Span - 20 m; 4 m in the center; allowable deflection - b / 250; the set moment of inertia is 32242 cm ⁴ ; constant load - 25 kg / m ² ; temporary load + wind load - 40 kg / m ² .

Beam Invention 550x120x4 ΙΝΡ 425 NEV 340 NEA 360 ΙΡΕ 450 Japanese I-beam 400x175 Span 20 m 20 m 20 m 20 m 20 m 20 m kg / meter 58.9 104 134 112 77.6 91.7 % one hundred 177 228 190 131.7 155.6

Table III.

Span - 20 m; in the center of 8 m; allowable deflection - b / 250; the set moment of inertia is 64484 cm ⁴ ; constant load - 25 kg / m ² ; temporary load + wind load - 40 kg / m ² .

Beam Invention 730x120x4 ΙΝΡ 500 NEV 450 NEA 500 ΙΡΕ 550 Japanese I-beam 600x190 Span 20 m 20 m 20 m 20 m 20 m 20 m kg / meter 70.1 141 171 155 106 169.4 % one hundred 201 244 221 151.2 241.6

As shown in the tables, the beam according to the invention has a significantly lower (about 55%) weight compared to the known I-beams at the same span and required moment of inertia. In addition, the maximum deflection of the beam according to the invention is also significantly less.

Until now, beams have been exposed to high stress concentrations when they are joined by welding to other structural elements, such as C-shaped or Ζ-shaped runs, which are designed to support the weight of a roof support or metal flooring. Due to the presence of concentrated loads, it is required to provide for beam reinforcement, for example, by means of ribs in each stress concentration zone. Reinforcing elements must be attached to the beam and run by welding, which further increases the cost, complexity and duration of the assembly process.

For a beam system according to the invention, the cost, labor and assembly time of said beam system are significantly reduced as a result of the use of a finished connecting element that can be attached to the beam by means of cold fasteners. In addition, this connecting element is attached to any other structural element, as a result of which it can provide the transfer of forces or moments from one structural element to another. The holes to which the connecting elements are attached are drilled in a steel sheet during the manufacturing of the composite beam, as shown in FIG. 3. You can select any suitable shape for these holes, including round, rectangular, or oval. Alternatively, holes can also be drilled at the construction site. Holes can be drilled in any suitable area of the steel sheet, both in the wall and in the shelf, depending on technical considerations. The result is a beam system that is modular in the sense that the same beam can be used for many applications, and it can also be disconnected from the first connecting element, then attached to the second connecting element. Another advantage of the proposed beam is that in order to distribute the load created by any newly installed equipment on the structure, for example, industrial air conditioning, any connecting element can be attached to the beam of the existing structure without welding. Compared with the known beam systems, the proposed design does not require any modernization, including stiffness bonds or welding, in order to reduce the concentrated stresses created by the newly installed equipment.

In FIG. 6 is a side view of the connecting element, which is generally indicated here

- 8 014454 at 80, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. This connecting element is made in the form of a coupling with a given transverse length and can fully embrace and be in mutually stabilizing contact with a portion of the perimeter of the composite beam having the specified transverse length. This coupling can be formed by welding together two or more cold-rolled parts (for example, two symmetrical parts) or by welding two adjacent edges of one part. According to another embodiment, as shown by the example of the connecting element 80A in FIG. 15, such a coupling may consist of two adjacent coupling halves attached to two respective lateral sides of the beam.

As shown in the drawing, the connecting element 80 has an upper triangular head part 82, a lower triangular head part 84 and spaced apart parallel wall parts 86 and 87 that extend laterally between the upper head part 82 and the lower head part 84. The head part 82 has a shelf 91 and two inclined sections 93 and 94 extending from the shelf 91 to the respective wall portions 86 and 87. Similarly, the head portion 84 has a shelf 95 and two inclined sections 97 and 98 extending from the shelf 95 to the corresponding wall portions 86 and 87. On s data plots walls and shelves drilled holes for fastening by cold fasteners connecting member 80 to the composite beam. The connecting element 80 is appropriately sized and configured to facilitate mutually stabilizing contact with the respective outwardly facing portions of the composite beam that are covered by the connecting element in question.

In FIG. 7 shows a connecting element 80, which encloses and is in mutually stabilizing contact with the elements 5 and 15 of the composite beam 10. If we additionally refer to FIG. 1, 2 and 6, it can be seen that the connecting element 80 is moved in the transverse direction along the beam 10 until it is installed in some predetermined place where the action of a concentrated load is expected. After the cold fasteners 71 are attached to the respective shelves of the beam 10 and to the connecting element 80 through the corresponding aligned shelf openings, and the cold fasteners 72 are attached to the corresponding walls of the beam 10 and the connecting element 80 through the corresponding aligned wall openings, the beam part and the connecting element enter into a mutually stabilizing contact transferring forces. So, for example, the shelf 91 of the connecting element 60 is in contact with the shelf 16 of the element 5, and the inclined section 98 of the connecting element 80 is in contact with the flange 27 of the element 15.

As cold fasteners 71, blind rivets are used, as a rule, and wall fasteners 72 are usually pairs of bolts passing through the aligned wall holes and screwed into the corresponding nuts. As shelving fasteners 71, it is also possible to use bolts that will be screwed into the mating plate insert 176 (FIG. 14B) to create a greater holding force. The specified plate insert 176 consists of a short plate 172 and a long plate 174 welded together, for example, so that their ends 176 and 177 with one of the transverse ends respectively lie in the same plane. The insert 176 is attached to the corresponding pair of beam shelves by means of fasteners passing through the holes 171 with internal thread, made in the plates 172 and 174. Thus, the shelf of a given connecting element can be attached to a long plate 174, which is some distance from the shelf of the beam, by means of shelf fasteners 71 screwed into holes 179 with an internal thread made in a long plate 174.

In FIG. 8 shows a connecting element 100, which is formed with a single wall 104 and, therefore, can be in a force transfer contact with only one side of the composite beam. This connecting element also has inclined sections 101 and 103 extending in the same lateral direction from, respectively, the upper and lower ends of the wall 104, as well as upper and lower shelves 107 and 109, respectively, extending from the inclined sections 101 and 103 through the corresponding vertices 111 and 112. The shelves 107 and 109 have substantially the same lateral dimensions as the beam shelves to which the connecting element 100 is attached. However, for technical reasons, it is possible to make the shelves 107 and 108 with side dimensions significantly smaller than the corresponding stvuyuschih shelves composite beam.

Thus, the connecting element 100 may be in contact, providing the transmission of forces, with both head parts of the beam.

In FIG. 9 shows a connecting member 110 configured to engage in a force transmitting contact with an upper portion of a beam at one lateral end thereof. The connecting element 110 has a wall portion 114, which is substantially shorter than the wall of the beam to which it is attached. There is also an inclined portion 101 extending from the upper end of the wall portion 114, and a shelf 107 extending from apex 111 adjacent to this inclined portion.

As shown in FIG. 27, the connecting element 45 may be a plate, which may, for example, be in contact, providing the transfer of force, with a wall or shelf

- 9 014454 beams. In FIG. 29, a beam 50 is shown comprising plates 45A and 45B attached to the wall of element 5 and element 15, respectively. Such a beam can be made with three or four elements, that is, with elements 5 and 15 and plates 45A and / or 45B. In accordance with another embodiment, the beam can be made without plates, while plate-like connecting elements can be attached to the wall directly on the construction site.

In FIG. 28 is a plan view of a connecting member 55, which may be in partial contact for transmitting forces with two structural members. This connecting element 55 contains two plates 57 and 59, located at an angle, for example, as shown here - perpendicular to each other, and the portion 61 passing between them, inclined relative to the plates 57 and 59. Thus, the plates 57 and 59 are made with the possibility of attachment to two angled structural elements.

In FIG. 36A and 36B, a connecting member 420 is shown comprising two identical and differently oriented parts 425 and 428, which, in order to be in mutually stabilizing contact with the composite beam, are welded together to form a coupling with two triangular head parts 431 and 432. Part 428 is inversely rotated 180 ° with respect to part 25.

As shown in FIG. 36B, part 428 comprises a wall portion 421, upper and lower flange sections 426 and 427, an inclined portion 423 extending from the lateral edge 429 of the shelf portion 427 to a lower longitudinal edge 422 of the wall portion 421, an inclined portion 434 extending from the upper longitudinal edge 432 of the wall section 421 to the lateral edge 439 of the shelf 426 and substantially symmetrical to the inclined section 423 and the inclined flange 438 extending from the lateral edge 442 of the shelf 427 and located at the same angle with respect to the shelf 427 as the inclined section 434 with respect to the shelf 426. Lengths incline of sections 434 and 438, one of which belongs to part 425, and the other to part 428, is selected so that they overlap when part 428 is reversed with 180 ° rotation relative to part 425, which makes it possible to weld points 435A and 435B between the two inclined portions 434 and 438, as shown in FIG. 36A. Each pair of shelves 426 and 427 will be in mutual contact, providing the transfer of forces, thanks to the cold fasteners, which will also be screwed into the holes drilled in the corresponding shelves of the composite beam connected to the connecting element 420.

In FIG. 10-26 and 35 show typical connecting elements that can be fastened with cold fasteners to the beam according to the invention. These connecting elements, which are usually finished products, can be in force-transmitting contact with the two lateral ends of the beam, as shown in FIG. 6, or with only one side end thereof, as shown in FIG. 8. Any connecting element will be called attached to the composite beam in cases where it has a shape similar to the shape of a certain section of the specified beam, is in force-transmitting contact with the specified beam and is attached to the specified beam with cold fasteners and / or welding. It should be borne in mind that any of the connecting elements can be made differently than the elements illustrated here, that is, with a different shape, orientation, size, thickness, number of fasteners and the location of the latter.

In FIG. 10 shows a connecting member 120 used to connect two beams 122A and 122B with the same profiles, i.e. with the same longitudinal and lateral dimensions. Due to the size and weight limitations of the transport equipment, transporting a beam with a significant transverse length, for example, of the order of 20 m, is not economically viable. Consequently, two shorter beams can be delivered to the construction site and then quickly connected to each other by means of a connecting element 120 and cold fasteners 71 and 72 directly in place, due to which the transverse length of the composite beam can be increased without resorting to welding, in difference from the methods known from the prior art. Shelf fasteners 71 are used to connect the upper and lower shelves 122 and 124 of the connecting element, respectively, to the upper and lower shelves of the beam, and wall fasteners 72 are used to connect one or more walls 126 of the connecting element to the corresponding walls of the beam to obtain a connection that works on shift. Four vertical rows of cold fasteners 71 and 72 are used here, two of which are used to attach to the aligned holes of the beam 122A and the connecting element 120, and the other two are used to attach to the combined holes of the beam 122B and the connecting element 120.

If for some reason the holes in the beam and the connecting element 120 are not aligned, the construction worker will still have, thanks to the modular design of the proposed beam system, sufficiently flexible possibilities for changing the position of the beam or connecting element in such a way as to ensure their connection with each other friend. So, for example, it is possible to produce a telescopic lateral displacement of the beam until its holes are aligned with the corresponding holes in the connecting element 120. Alternatively, the holes of the connecting element 120 can be given a convenient, for example elliptical, shape, as a result of which, with a slight lateral displacement of the beam, part of the hole

- 10 014454 of the connecting element will be open enough for the cold fastener to pass through the corresponding hole in the beam, even if another part of the specified opening of the connecting element is blocked by the side surface of the beam. If the holes in the beam cannot be aligned with the holes in the connecting element, additional holes can be drilled in the side surface of the beam. It should be noted that the other types of connecting elements discussed below can also be moved directly to the site in order to quickly and easily connect the beam and the selected connecting element.

In accordance with another embodiment of FIG. 30A-30C, the connecting element 120 can be used to connect the beams 122 A and 122B through the upper and lower mating inserts 127 and 128, respectively. In FIG. 30A is a side view of a connecting member 120 connected to the beam 122A by inserts 127 and 128. Before assembly, these inserts are attached to the shelves of the beam 122A by means of fasteners 71, as shown in FIG. 30V. Then, the connecting element 120 is attached to the beam 122A by means of inserts 127, 128 and elongated shelf fasteners 181 (see FIG. 30C), as well as wall fasteners (not shown) that pass through an opening 129 made in the wall of the connecting element 120, and an opening 32 drilled in the wall of the beam 122A. Next, the beam 122B, after it is inserted into the connecting element 120, is placed in the immediate vicinity of the beam 122A, and then the connecting element 120 is attached to the inserts 127, 128 and to the shelves of the beam 122B by means of elongated fasteners 181 and wall fasteners. You can place the beams 122 A and 122B in close proximity to each other before the connecting element 120 will be pulled over two beams and attached.

In FIG. 11 shows a connecting element 130 for connecting four beams, wherein by means of said element 130 two pairs of adjacent beams are connected in the transverse direction, and two other pairs of adjacent beams are connected in the longitudinal direction. The connecting element comprises the actual connecting element 120 shown in FIG. 10 and two plates 132 and 134 connected, respectively, to the upper and lower shelves 122 and 124 of the connecting element 120. Shelf fasteners 71 are used to connect the upper and lower plates 132, 134, the upper and lower shelves 122, 124 of the connecting element 120 and upper and lower shelves of two transversely connected beams. Two pairs of adjacent beams are connected laterally, as described above with respect to the connecting element 120. Two pairs of adjacent beams are connected longitudinally by attaching the lower plate 134 of the upper connecting element 130 to the upper plate 132 of the lower connecting element 130 with cold fasteners passing through the aligned holes 137 in plates, which are some distance laterally from the shelf fasteners 71.

In FIG. 12, a connecting element 140 is shown, by means of which a beam, for example, in the form of a stand, is attached to some structural element such as a foundation or column. This connecting element 140 comprises the actual coupling element 80 in the form of a coupling attached to one of the transverse ends of the beam 145. The longitudinal free edges 142 of the connecting element 80, that is, the edges extending from the beam 145, are welded to the structural end plate 146, essentially perpendicular the wall 7 of the beam 145. Then they support the plate 146 on the structural element 148 and attach it to it by means of connecting means 149 with ensuring structural strength sufficient to resist all expected forces moments that may act on the beam 145. It will be appreciated that in any of the beam system in accordance with the claimed invention must be consistently applied connecting member 140 for attachment to the structural element.

In FIG. 13, a connecting member 150 is shown for connecting a vertical beam 154 and a horizontal beam 150 by means of a joint that receives a bending moment. This connecting member 150 comprises two corner couplings 152 and 153, respectively attached to the beams 154 and 158 by means of shelf fasteners 71 (for example blind rivets) and wall fasteners 72 (for example, bolts with corresponding nuts). The corner couplings 152 and 153 have two spaced trapezoidal walls 159, made in such a way that their remote end 161, i.e. the end remote from the corner, is located essentially longitudinally, and their proximal end 163, i.e. the end, located closer to the corner, inclined relative to the distal end 161, for example, at an angle of approximately 45 °. The corner couplings 152 and 153 also have a long shelf 164 and a short shelf 166 extending between the distal end 161 and the proximal end

163. The inclined end plates 167 and 168, respectively, are based on the proximal end 163 and the shelves

164, 166 of angle couplings 152 and 153 and welded to them. In addition, two inclined end plates 167 and 168 are bolted together. The space inside the corner coupling, between its proximal end and proximal transverse end of the corresponding beam, which is in contact with the force-transmitting contact with it, is hollow.

In FIG. 14A-14C show a connecting member 170 equipped with a reciprocal plate

- 11 014454 insert 176 and designed to connect the vertical beams 154 and horizontal beams 158 through the connection, perceiving bending moment. The connecting member 170, similar to the connecting member 150 shown in FIG. 13, contains two corner couplings 182 and 183, respectively attached to the beams 154 and 158 by means of elongated flange fasteners 181 inserted into corresponding holes 171 and 179 with internal thread, made in the reciprocal plate insert 176, as well as by means of wall fasteners 72. The short plate 172 of the insert 176 is attached to the shelves 6 and 16 of the corresponding beam, which are adjacent to the long shelf 184 of the connecting element 170. The long plate 174 of the insert 176 extends proximally from the near end of the short layer us 172 and this provides the possibility to fix the flange portion 184 of the connecting member 170 is not adjacent to the flanges of the beam. Thus, the connecting member 170 is able to withstand relatively large forces acting on it. The corner couplings 182 and 183 have two spaced trapezoidal walls made similar to the wall 159 in FIG. 13, but with a large transverse size.

In FIG. 15 shows a connecting member 190 for attaching a beam 194 to a crossbar 195, for example to a perimeter beam or to a rafter beam. The connecting element 190 comprises a coupling 80A attached to the transverse end of the beam 194, a coupling 80B that is connected to an intermediate portion of the crossbar 195 and substantially perpendicular to the coupling 80A, an end plate 197 welded to the two walls of the coupling 80A and extending laterally between them , and plate 198, welded to the middle of the end plate 197 and the adjacent wall of the coupling 80B and extending from them in the transverse direction.

In FIG. 16 shows a connecting member 200 used as a ridge connection, for example, on top of structures such as the top of the roof. The connecting element 200 contains two end plates 201 and 202, bolted to each other, two symmetric couplings 204 and 205, welded respectively to the plates 201 and 202, and two pairs of symmetrical triangular ribs 207 and 208. These stiffeners 207 and 208 oriented, as a rule (but not necessarily), in such a way that their lower ends, respectively, 217 and 218 are parallel to the underlying surface of the earth. The proximal transverse ends of the couplings 204 and 205 are cut off at a given angle, and then the proximal ends are placed abutting to the corresponding end plate and welded to it. Each of the ribs 207 and 208, intended to strengthen the connecting element 200, is welded to the corresponding flange of the connecting element and to the corresponding end plate so that the short side of the stiffening rib is in contact with the end plate and the long side is in contact with the flange of the connecting element. Then the beams 212 and 214 are inserted into the respective couplings 204 and 205 and attached to these couplings. The use of the connecting element 200 provides a predetermined angle between the beams 212 and 214 and the structural integrity of the ridge connection.

In FIG. 17, a connecting member 220 is shown for connecting the strut 225 to the beam 228. The connecting member 220 comprises the actual connecting member 140 of FIG. 12 provided with an end plate 146, two connecting elements 55 of FIG. 28 and several pre-welded stiffeners 229. The connecting element 140 is attached to the transverse end of the beam 228, and each connecting element 55 is attached to the corresponding side end of the post 225. At each side end of the post 225, the plate 59 is connected via cold fasteners to the wall of the post 225, the portion 61 abuts against the corresponding inclined portion of the head of the strut 225, and the plate 57 is attached by means of cold fasteners to the end plate 146 (see Fig. 28). Several horizontally located ribs 229 (in this example, three) are welded to both plates 57 and 59.

In FIG. 18 shows a connecting element 230, also intended for attaching the post 225 to the beam 228. Whereas the connecting element 220 shown in FIG. 17 provides lateral connection of the uprights and beams; here, the connecting element 230 provides vertical and vertical joins of the uprights and beams. In other words, the connecting element 230 is identical to the connecting element 220, with the difference that it has a different orientation and is provided with the element 140 shown in FIG. 12 with two connecting elements 55 shown in FIG. 28, and several pre-welded stiffeners 229.

In FIG. 19, a connecting member 240 is shown for connecting two mutually perpendicular beams 242 and 244 with different longitudinal dimensions. This connecting element comprises a single-wall connecting element 100 shown in FIG. 8, and a flat portion 245 of variable shape. The specified flat portion 245 of variable shape has a rectangular portion 246 attached to the wall of the beam 242, and an elongated portion 248 welded to the connecting element 100, essentially at the transverse midline of the latter. In other words, the transverse end of the variable-shaped part 245 is welded to the inclined sections 101 and 103 and to the wall 104 of the connecting element 100.

- 12 014454

In FIG. 20 and 21 show connecting elements 250 and 260, respectively, for connecting cables. Shown in FIG. 20, the connecting element 250 comprises a single wall connecting element 100 shown in FIG. 8, a reinforcing element 251 extending longitudinally along the midline of the wall 104 of the connecting element 100 and welded thereto, and lying in the same plane of the plate 253 and 254, symmetrical with respect to the reinforcing element 251 and extending laterally from the wall 104. The plate 253 and 254 are welded both to the wall 104 and to the reinforcing element 251, and they are drilled through a single corresponding hole with which the hook-shaped ends 259 of the corresponding cables 256 and 257, reinforcing the structure under wind, can interact output loads. In FIG. 21, a connecting member 260 is shown comprising an L-shaped portion 265 connected to the wall of the beam 252. The shelf 267 of this portion 265 extends laterally from the wall of the beam 252 and has two openings into which hook-shaped ends 259 of the corresponding cables 256 can enter and 257.

In FIG. 22-26 illustrate connecting elements that are connected to respective runs. By means of an appropriate number of connecting elements, any desired number of runs can be attached to the beam.

In FIG. 22 shows a connecting member 270 comprising the actual connecting member 80 of FIG. 6 attached to the beam 272 and a reinforcing element 278 extending in the longitudinal direction along the midline of the wall 86 of the connecting element 80 and welded to it. The wall 274 of the channel run 275 is connected to the reinforcing element 278 so that one of the transverse ends 279 of the run abuts against the wall 86 of the connecting element 80.

In FIG. 23 shows a connecting member 280 made in the form of a L-shaped structure 284, a shelf 286 of which is attached to the wall of the beam 282. The same shelf 287, perpendicular to the branch 286 and having the same dimensions, is attached to the wall 274 of the channel run 275.

In FIG. 24, a connecting member 290 is shown comprising two connecting members 110 as shown in FIG. 9, attached to the two sides of the beam 292. The plate 295 is welded perpendicularly to the wall 114 of the corresponding connecting element 110 and has the same longitudinal dimension as that of this wall. A triangular stiffener 298 is welded to the lower end of the wall 114 and the plate 295. As a result, two channel runs 275 lying in the same plane can be connected to the connecting element 290, while the wall 274 of the run 275 is connected to the corresponding plate 295 and abuts against the wall 114.

In FIG. 25 shows a connecting member 300 comprising the actual connecting member 110 of FIG. 9, attached to the beam 302, a triangular stiffener 303 and a rectangular plate 45. The side 304 of the ribs 303 is welded to the flange 107 of the connecting element 110, and the side 307 of the ribs 303 is welded to the flange 45, which can also be welded to the flange 107. Plate 45, in turn, attached to the wall 309 of the Ζ-shaped channel 305.

In FIG. 26, a connecting member 310 is shown comprising two mutually perpendicular plates 45C, 45 треугольн and a triangular stiffener 303 welded to said plates. Plate 45C is attached to the shelves of the beam, and plate 45B is attached to the wall 309 of the U-shaped channel 305.

In FIG. 35, a connecting element 450 is shown, which can be connected to both the composite beam 110 and the wall 455. The connecting element 450 has two symmetrical parts 460 and 465. Each of these parts contains a wall section 462 connected to the adjacent wall 7 of the mounting beam 10 parts 72, a plate 466 adjacent to the wall 455 connected to it by cold fasteners 457, and an inclined section 464 extending between the wall section 462 and the plate 466 adjacent to the wall and in mutually stabilizing contact with the inclined section Ohm or the edge of the beam 10.

Architects and civil engineers developing a structure that is supported by the beam system of the invention are provided with the widest range of options. They can choose a variety of combinations of the beams and connecting elements discussed above, based on the calculated loads and stress concentrations. The bearing capacity of the beam system can also be changed by changing the thickness of the sheet metal of which the beam or the connecting element is made, or the number and location of cold fasteners used to connect the beam to the connecting element.

In the beam system 250, shown for example in FIG. 31, the highest stress concentration is detected near the angle 355 of the connecting element 150 (FIG. 13), providing a connection that accepts bending moment. The connecting element 150 is attached to the rack 154 and to the rafter beam 214, while the rack 154 is connected to the connecting element 140, mounted on the foundation. Two rafter beams 212 and 214 are connected to each other by means of a connecting element 200 (Fig. 16). The stress concentration in the connecting element 150 can be reduced by increasing the thickness of the sheet metal of which the connecting element 150 is made. In contrast to this design, in the prior art compounds that take a bending moment to reduce the stress concentration in these

- 13 014454 joints it was necessary to increase the thickness of significantly longer rafter beams as a whole, which required quite laborious and expensive assembly operations. The stress concentration in the connecting element 150 can also be reduced by increasing the transverse dimension of its corner couplings. The stress concentration increases when the fasteners used to attach the adjacent rafter beams are closer to the corner 355 of the connection, perceiving bending moment, which requires the use of a greater number of such fasteners. Thus, the concentration of stresses acting on cold fasteners is reduced by increasing the transverse dimension of the corner couplings.

In the beam system 360 of FIG. 32, which shows a connecting element 120 (FIG. 10) connected to two beams 10, which, in turn, are connected to two columns (not shown) by means of corresponding connecting elements 140 (FIG. 12), the highest stress concentration is detected in the connecting an element 120 located between two beams 10. It is possible to reduce the stress concentration by increasing the thickness of the connecting element 120, instead of increasing the thickness of the beams 10, as has been done to date in known beam systems.

In FIG. 33 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a beam system 380 assembled from a plurality of beams and connecting elements of the types described above. It should be noted that it is quite possible to apply any other suitable beams and connecting elements. The layout of the system 380 is essentially the same as that of the systems known from the prior art, however, the amount of steel used and the assembly costs of the system 380 are significantly less than for the known systems due to the use of composite beams and connecting elements according to the invention.

The system 380 in question comprises a plurality of struts 225, some of which are spaced apart by a distance b, and some others are spaced 2b apart. The front row 382 consists of 6 racks, the central row 384 of 5 racks and the extreme side row 386 - also of 5 racks. Each post 225 is connected to the foundation by means of a corresponding connecting element 140 (FIG. 12). A rafter 212 or 214 is connected to the post 225 by means of a bending moment sensing joint for which a connecting member 150 is applied (FIG. 13). The connecting element 200 (Fig. 16) serves to connect a pair of rafters 212 and 214, and one pair of rafters is placed along each side row so that many pairs of rafters are mutually parallel.

To connect the connecting element 200 to the corresponding central strut 225 ° C, to the lower edge of the stiffeners 207 and 208 (Fig. 16), reinforcing the connecting element 200, a horizontally oriented plate is welded. Then, the connecting element 140 is connected to the uppermost portion of the central strut 225 ° C so that the plate 146 of the connecting element 140 is facing up and attached with cold fasteners to the plate welded to the stiffeners 207 and 208. There are many runs 305 located perpendicular to the set rafter beams, which ensures the maintenance of metal flooring. There is a connecting element 300 (Fig. 25) used to attach the run 305 to each rafter beam along which it passes and through which it is supported. When any run is attached to a bending moment joint, for example along the front row 382, a connecting member 381 is used comprising a connecting member 150 in which a stiffener 303 is welded to the shelf 164 of the corner sleeve 153 (FIG. 13) (FIG. 25), which is also welded to a plate 45, attached to the wall 309 of the run 305. A transverse beam 10, such as running along the extreme side row 386, is attached to each rack 225 by a connecting element 389 containing the first connecting element 80 (FIG. .6) attached to the strut, a second connecting element 80 connected to the transverse beam, and a horizontally positioned plate 198 (FIG. 15) welded to the approximately transverse midline of the first connecting element and to the approximately longitudinal middle line of the second connecting element. With the connecting element 260 (Fig. 21) interact with special cables that provide resistance to wind loads.

In FIG. 34 shows an exemplary embodiment of a beam system 390 assembled from a plurality of the same beams and connecting elements as used in the system 380 of FIG. 33. Due to the increased lateral stability and the ratio of strength and weight of the composite beams according to the invention compared to traditional I-beams, as well as through the use of connecting elements that are in contact with the beams for transmitting forces, a beam with a rather small sheet metal thickness, for example 4 mm, can cover, without the use of additional stiffness bonds or cross-ties, a distance that is much greater than the maximum free span for known beams, for example, 25 m. As shown in the drawing, in the beam system 390, the same number of struts 225 is used along the front row 382, for example, six, as in the system 380 in FIG. 33, but the central row 384 consists in this case of only 2

- 14 014454 racks, and the extreme side row 386 - all of 3 racks. Thus, the span along the extreme lateral row 386 can reach 4b. In addition, there is no need for cross beams.

Although only a few of the possible embodiments of the invention have been described here by way of illustration, it should be obvious that this invention can be implemented using a wide variety of modifications, changes and adjustments, as well as the many equivalents or alternative technical solutions that are available. specialists in this field, while maintaining the essence and scope of the invention defined by the following claims.

Claims (33)

CLAIM 1. A modular system of reinforced building beams and connecting elements, comprising: a) at least one composite beam having two oppositely oriented triangular closed heads and a wall running in the transverse direction, which is located in the longitudinal direction between the two closed heads; wherein each specified beam consists of two separate elements inserted into each other, made in such a way that the corresponding head parts of these two elements contain a shelf going laterally, while all pairs of adjacent parts of these two elements are, respectively, mutually stabilizing contact, forming each of these triangular closed heads; and b) several connecting elements, while at least two of these connecting elements are connected to one of these composite beams and the other structural element and are in contact with them, providing the transmission of forces, and at least one of these connecting elements is connected to the shelf and the wall of the composite beam by means of a connection that receives a bending moment. 2. The modular system according to claim 1, in which the connecting element through the connection, perceiving a bending moment, is attached to two composite beams for forming a combined beam, and the specified combined beam is sliding in the transverse direction. 3. The modular system according to claim 1, in which the connecting element attached to the composite beam by means of a connection receiving a bending moment, contains at least one section with the same or greater thickness than the corresponding section of the composite beam with which it is located contact, providing the transfer of effort. 4. The modular system according to claim 1, in which each element of the composite beams contains a first head part, a second head part and a wall part longitudinally disposed between said first head part and a second head part, said first and second head parts being made with a corresponding shelf located essentially in the lateral direction, an inclined portion extending from the first lateral edge of said shelf to said wall portion, and an inclined lip extending from the first lateral edge of said shelf and having nachitelno smaller length than the length of said ramp. 5. The modular system according to claim 4, in which the first and second head parts are respectively made with one shelf extending essentially in the lateral direction, the first side of the triangular closed head containing two shelves of two corresponding elements of the composite beam, and its second and third parties contain an inclined section of one of the elements of the composite beam and the flange of the other element of the composite beam. 6. The modular system according to claim 5, in which at the second and third sides of the closed head, the angular distance between the inclined section and its corresponding shelf is essentially equal to the angular distance between the flange and its corresponding shelf. 7. The modular system according to claim 5, in which the adjacent sides of the triangular closed head are spaced apart by an angular distance of 60 °. 8. The modular system according to claim 5, in which each element of the beam is obtained by cold rolling. 9. The modular system according to claim 1, further comprising means for connecting the respective shelves of the first and second beam elements to prevent relative lateral displacement of one of the beam elements. 10. The modular system according to claim 9, in which the means of connecting the shelves are cold fasteners. 11. The modular system according to claim 4, further comprising means for connecting the corresponding wall parts of the first and second beam elements. 12. The modular system according to claim 11, in which the means for connecting the walls are cold fasteners. 13. The modular system according to claim 4, in which the shelf of the first head part has a side - 15 014454 direction longer than the shelf of the second shelf part. 14. The modular system according to item 13, in which the first and second elements are the same, and the specified second element is oriented opposite to the specified first element, while the first head part of the second element is inserted into the second head part of the first element, and the first head part of the first element inserted into the second head of the second element. 15. The modular system according to claim 4, in which the shelf of the first head part is in the lateral direction the same size as the shelf of the second shelf part. 16. The modular system according to clause 15, in which the first head part of the second element is inserted into the first head part of the first element, and the second head part of the second element is inserted into the second head part of the first element. 17. The modular system according to item 13, in which the first head of the second element is inserted into the first head of the first element, and the second head of the second element is inserted into the second head of the first element. 18. The modular system according to claim 1, in which the stiffness of the vertices of the head of the first element is reinforced by the head of the second element into which the specified head of the first element is inserted. 19. The modular system according to claim 18, wherein the transition line between the inclined section and the wall part of the first element and the transition line between the inclined section and the wall part of the second element lie in one plane parallel to the respective shelves. 20. The modular system according to claim 1, additionally containing a connecting element attached to the wall of the composite beams by means of a shear joint. 21. The modular system according to claim 1 or 20, in which the connecting element is attached to the composite beam by means of cold fasteners included in the corresponding aligned holes made in the connecting element and the beam. 22. The modular system according to item 21, in which the connecting element is a finished product, connected in place by means of cold fasteners. 23. The modular system according to item 21, in which the connecting element contains parts in an amount of more than one, welded to each other. 24. The modular system according to item 21, in which a connecting element is attached to the composite beam by means of cold fasteners, and a reciprocal plate insert is attached to the inside of the beam. 25. The modular system according to item 21, in which the connecting element is made in the form of a sleeve with predetermined transverse, longitudinal and lateral dimensions and completely covers the perimeter section of the composite beam having the specified specified dimensions and is in mutually stabilizing contact with it. 26. The modular system according A.25, in which the coupling contains two cold-rolled parts welded to each other. 27. The modular system according A.25, in which the coupling contains a single part, two adjacent edges of which are welded to each other. 28. The modular system according to item 27, in which the coupling contains two adjacent coupling halves attached to two corresponding lateral sides of the beam. 29. The modular system according to item 21, in which the connecting element is made with only one wall. 30. The modular system according to clause 29, in which the wall of the connecting element is significantly shorter than the wall of the beam to which this connecting element is attached. 31. The modular system according to item 21, in which the connecting element contains a plate located in providing the transmission of force contact with the wall or shelf of the beam. 32. The modular system according to p. 31, in which the connecting element contains two angled plates and a section extending between the two plates, inclined relative to these plates. 33. The system according to item 21, in which the connecting element further comprises at least one stiffener.