EA009348B1 - Method for collecting and removing domestic wastes and motor vehicle therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to municipal facilities and intended for collection and removal of domestic wastes.A motor vehicle for collecting and removal of domestic wastes comprises a body with a loading window and a rear board mounted on a chassis of the motor vehicle; a device for compacting domestic wastes arranged in the body and embodied as a pushing out plate on a carriage with a moving mechanism, a control block of the moving mechanism drive motor, pick-ups of the pushing out plate position in the initial and back extreme position, FORWARD, REAR and STOP position knobs, a signaling device for implementing FORWARD and REAR commands, an operation mode switch : LOAD and DISCHARGE; a compression pick-up of domestic wastes having a sensitive element , a measuring scale, a pointer of a real compression load; selector of MAXIMUM and MINIMUM compression effort, an automatic control device of maximum-permitted volumetric load with a load limit pick-up and a maximum load sound signaling device.A novel feature is characterized in that the pushing out plate is provided with a device for punching different plastic articles etc., being a part of domestic wastes.The inventive claim of the method for collecting and removing domestic wastes is further characterized in that after reaching the predetermined compression load a t1 time delay is created for complete punching said articles, air removal therefrom and final compaction thereof due to the increase of the compaction coefficient, wherein sharp pins of the pushing out plate are automatically cleaned by an additional spring-loaded plate when the pushing out plate moves backward.

Description

The invention relates to public utilities and is intended for the collection and removal of household waste.

A known machine for collecting and transporting household waste (garbage truck), comprising a body with a loading window and a tailgate, mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, and a device for compacting and unloading household waste, placed in the bodywork and including an ejector plate mounted on a carriage with supporting rollers and kinematically connected with the mechanism of step movement by means of the power cylinder (1).

This machine has the following disadvantages:

firstly, the carriage is not equipped with restrictive rollers, therefore cases of distortions and jamming of the pusher plate are not excluded, which negatively affects the reliability and operability of the machine;

secondly, with repeated step-by-step movement of the pusher plate forward towards the rear side, each time, the piston rod of the power cylinder is required to retract the carriage, and when moved backward, it pulls up the pusher plate, which leads to large losses of time and a significant decrease in machine productivity;

thirdly, the step-by-step mechanism requires the mandatory additional use of the device for positional fixation of the carriage, the latch drive and the remote control system of the latch drive, which constructively complicates the installation and increases capital costs, and the need for alternate unlocking and fixing the carriage during its stepping movement requires an increased concentration of attention and significant loss of time, which adversely affects the performance of the machine;

fourth, the step-by-step mechanism also requires an optional additional braking device for the pushing plate when the carriage is pulled up to it, which also constructively complicates the installation and increases capital costs, and when the pushing plate moves back to its original position, the carriage drive must overcome large forces of the elastic braking elements devices, which leads to a significant increase in power consumption of the installation and operating costs;

fifth, there are no means of visual control of the dynamic state of the ejector plate in the closed space of the body, therefore the operator has to intuitively control the drive manually.

With such management, excessively long-term compression of household waste in the body is possible due to the delayed return of the pusher plate to the initial initial position, as a result of which considerable time losses and a decrease in productivity occur. In addition, insufficient compaction of household waste is possible due to the premature return of the ejector plate to its initial starting position, as a result of which the body capacity is significantly reduced, the number of road transport to the waste landfill increases, and therefore the consumption of fuel and lubricants increases as well .

Known machine for the collection and removal of household waste (garbage truck), containing a body with a loading window and a tailgate, mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, and a device for compacting and unloading household waste, placed in the body and including an ejector plate mounted on the carriage, kinematically associated with the mechanism of movement, made in the form of gear racks located on the side walls of the body along its entire length, a drive motor mounted on the back side of the ejector plate and a gear cola Cooperating with respective toothed racks and placed on the countershafts connected to the shaft of the drive motor (2).

This machine has the following disadvantages:

first, in the mechanism for moving the teeth are made directly on the rail, and if one of them broke, then the entire long rail, which is expensive to manufacture, needs to be changed, which is economically unprofitable due to the large maintenance costs;

secondly, a gear is used as a gear wheel interacting with a corresponding gear rack, but its small teeth are not able to absorb heavy loads, which significantly limits the functional and technological capabilities of the machine, since it does not provide the necessary compacting factor for household waste, which reduces productivity the number of road trips to the landfill (far outside the city), and also increases the consumption of fuel and lubricants mother alov and accelerates vehicle wear;

thirdly, the presence of small teeth on wheels and rails, as well as the presence on the ejector plate only of unloading rollers does not exclude slippage of gear wheels relative to gear racks, especially at elevated loads, which adversely affects the durability and reliability of the machine.

A known machine for the collection and removal of household waste (garbage truck), comprising a body with a loading window and a tailgate, mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, and a sealing device

- 1 009348 and unloading of household waste, placed in the body and including an ejector plate with unloading rollers mounted on a carriage kinematically connected with a displacement mechanism, made in the form of gear racks located on the side walls of the body along its entire length, the drive engine, mounted on the back of the ejector plate, and gear wheels that interact with the corresponding gear racks and placed on the intermediate shafts connected to the drive motor shaft, the carriage providing ene supporting and limiting rollers in the form of cylindrical rollers with flanges, and each toothed rack is formed as a box Pobraznogo whose lateral legs with their free ends turned down and a step therebetween at a pitch gear with deep troughs, the fingers are installed; moreover, in the Shaped Box, one side shelf is rigidly fixed on the corresponding side wall of the body, the middle shelf is a guide for support rollers, the second free side shelf interacts with flanges with its outer part, and the end part with cylindrical rollers of restriction rollers (3).

However, this machine also has certain disadvantages.

Firstly, it lacks the means of timely automatic shutdown of the drive motor of the ejector plate movement mechanism and there may be collisions with restrictive stops in the extreme (front and rear) positions, resulting in possible breakdowns and large losses of time for repair and restoration work, which reduces performance and reliability of the machine; moreover, during the above-mentioned collisions, there are severe overloads of the drive engine, as a result of which there are cases of its failure, as well as the associated loss of time for repair and restoration work, which further reduces the reliability of the machine.

Secondly, there are no means of visual control of the dynamic state of the pusher plate in the enclosed space of the body, therefore the operator has to intuitively operate the engine drive manually.

With such management, on the one hand, excessive compression of household waste in the body is possible due to the delayed shutdown of the engine and return of the ejector plate to its initial initial position, as a result of which considerable time losses and a decrease in productivity occur; on the other hand, insufficient compaction of domestic waste is possible due to premature shutdown of the drive engine and return of the pusher plate to the initial initial position, as a result of which the body capacity significantly decreases, the number of road transport to the waste landfill increases (far beyond the city limits) and due to this increases the consumption of fuel and lubricants, as well as increases operating costs.

A known machine for collecting and transporting household waste (garbage truck), comprising a body with a loading window and a tailgate, mounted on a vehicle chassis, and a device for compacting and unloading household waste, housed in a bodywork and including an ejector plate mounted on a carriage with support rollers, kinematically connected with the displacement mechanism, which is made in the form of toothed racks located on the side walls of the body along its entire length, a drive motor mounted on the back side of the ejector plate, and gear wheels interacting with corresponding gear racks and placed on intermediate shafts connected in a drive motor shaft, the drive motor being designed as a hydraulic rotator, and the device for compacting and unloading household waste is equipped with a hydraulic distributor mounted on the body with actuating electromagnets of the FORWARD and BACKWARD commands, control unit, sensors for the location of the ejector plate at the BEGINNING and at the END, with the FORWARD, BACK and STOP buttons, the mode switch of the DOWNLOAD and UNLOAD KA, signaling devices for the implementation of the FORWARD and BACK commands, as well as the sensor for enhancing the compression of household waste, including a sensitive element with a hydraulic input, a pointer-arrow of the actual compression force of household waste in the body, setting devices for the MINIMAL and MAXIMUM efforts to compress household waste: the hydraulic distributor, on the one hand, through the supply and discharge flexible hoses hydraulically connected to the supply lines, and on the other hand, through the flexible hoses and the tee is connected to the hydraulic inlet sensitively element, pressure and drain holes of the hydraulic rotator, and in the control unit the first input is connected to the ejector plate location sensor AT THE END, the second input is with the FORWARD button, the third input is with the STOP button, the fourth input is with the ejector plate positioning sensor AT THE BEGINNING, the fifth input - with the BACK button, the sixth input - with the output of the operation mode switch corresponding to the LOADING mode, the seventh and eighth inputs - respectively with the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM compressive force controllers, the first output of the block is connected to the executive m the electromagnet of the FORWARD command and the indicator of the implementation of this command, and the second output with the executive electromagnet of the BACK command and the signaling device of this command; while the control unit includes three logical elements AND, three logical elements OR, two logical elements OR NOT and a logical element NOT, and in the control unit the first input is connected to the first input of the first OR OR element, the output of which is connected to the first

- 2 009348 the entrance of the first element And; the second input - with the first input of the first element OR, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first element AND; the third input - with the second input of the first element ORINE and the first input of the second element OR — NO; the fourth input — with the second input of the second element OR — NOT, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second element AND; the fifth input is with the first input of the second element OR, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second element AND; the sixth input - with the first input of the third element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third element OR; the seventh input is with the input of the element NOT, the output of which is connected to the third input of the third element I; the eighth input - with the first input of the third element OR, the second input of which is connected to the third input of the first element OR NOT, the second input of the second element OR and the output of the third element AND; the first output - with the output of the first element AND, the second input of the first element OR, the third input of the second element OR NOT; the second output - with the output of the second element AND, the fourth input of the first element OR NOT, and the third input of the second element OR; the third output - with the fifth input of the first element OR NOT and the third input of the second element OR (4).

However, this machine has some drawbacks.

Firstly, in it, as in other known similar machines, there are no means of automatic control of the maximum allowable bulk load, as a result of which cases of body filling with household waste exceeding its internal volume and higher than the size of the garbage truck are possible, which is unacceptable according to the existing transportation requirements cargo on roads.

In this case, in order to restore the possibility of transportation, there is a need for additional work to remove excess loaded household waste, which creates inconvenience in maintenance, unnecessary loss of time and reduced productivity.

Secondly, in this machine, the ejector plate location sensors at the BEGINNING and AT THE END of the machine operate on the principle of their mechanical interaction with the acting element, as a result of which they have an insignificant durability, and these sensors require very precise adjustment and interaction with the acting element, which complicates the conditions maintenance, increases the loss of time, reduces the reliability and performance of the control system and the machine as a whole.

In addition, since the sensor pusher is located in the internal space of the body, its interaction with objects in household waste is possible, and therefore, false commands from the sensors are possible, which negatively affects the reliability and operability of the machine.

A known machine for collecting and transporting household waste (garbage truck) contains a body with a loading window and a tailgate mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, and a device for compacting and unloading household waste placed in the body and containing an ejector plate mounted on a carriage with road rollers and kinematically connected with the displacement mechanism, which is made in the form of toothed racks located on the side walls of the body along its entire length, a drive motor mounted on the back side of the ejector plates and gear wheels interacting with corresponding gear racks and placed on intermediate shafts connected to the drive motor shaft, made in the form of a hydraulic rotator and equipped with a hydraulic distributor with actuators of the FORWARD and BACK commands, control unit, ejector plate location sensors AT THE BEGINNING and IN THE END, by the FORWARD, BACK and STOP buttons, the DOWNLOAD and UNLOAD switch modes, signaling the implementation of the FORWARD and BACK commands and the sensor for enhancing the compression of household waste, including a sensing element with a hydraulic input, a pointer-arrow of a real compression force, kinematically connected with a sensitive element, a measuring scale of compression force, setting devices for MINIMUM and MAXIMUM compression force for household waste in the body, and the hydraulic distributor, on the one hand, through flexible inlet and outlet the hoses are hydraulically connected to the supply lines, and, on the other hand, through the flexible hoses and the tee is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic input of the sensor element compressive forces of household waste, pressure and drain holes of the hydraulic rotator, and in the control unit the first input is connected to the ejector plate positioning sensor AT THE END, the second input is connected to the FORWARD button, the third input is connected to the STOP button, the fourth input is connected to the ejector plate positioning device AT THE BEGINNING , the fifth input - with the BACK button, the sixth input - with the output of the operating mode switch corresponding to the LOADING mode, the seventh and eighth inputs - respectively with the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM compressors of household waste, the first The output of the unit is connected to the executive electromagnet of the FORWARD command and the indicator of the implementation of this command, and the second output - with the executive electromagnet of the BACK command and the indicator of this command; at that, it additionally contains an automatic control device for the maximum allowable bulk loading of the body, including a loading restriction sensor, installed after the ejector plate positioning sensor IN THE BEGINNING and before the edge of the loading window, a linear acting element located on the top of the ejector plate and interacting with the loading restriction sensor and sensor for the location of the buoyancy plate the current element is the minimum width

- 3 009348 free volume space opposite the loading window, sufficient to accommodate no more than one downloadable portion of household waste, and the load restriction sensor is connected to the additional ninth input of the control unit and the maximum fill alarm is connected to the additional third input of the control unit; at the same time, the linear acting element is made in the form of a permanent magnet, the load limiting sensor and sensors of the ejection plate location IN THE BEGINNING and AT THE END are made in the form of reed switches placed on damping pads (from foam rubber) in individual boxes of non-magnetic (plastic) material, and individual boxes placed on the outer surface of the body and installed in the openings made in the appropriate places with the possibility of forming the necessary air gap between its lower part and the upper it is part of a linear magnetic acting element; and the control unit includes five logical elements AND, four logical elements OR, two logical elements OR NOT and two logical elements NOT, with the first input of the block connected to the first input of the first element OR NOT, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first element AND; the second input - with the first input of the first element OR, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first element AND; the third input - with the second input of the first element OR NOT; the first input of the second element OR — NOT and the input of the second element NOT; the fourth input - with the second input of the second element OR — NOT, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second element AND; the fifth input is with the first input of the second element OR, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second element AND; the sixth input - with the first input of the third element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third element OR; the seventh entrance is with the input of the first element NOT, the output of which is connected to the third input of the third element I; the eighth input - with the first input of the third element OR, the second input of which is connected to the third input of the first element OR NOT, the second input of the second element OR, the output of the third element AND and the first input of the fourth element AND, the ninth input - with the second input of the fourth element AND, the output of which is connected to the first input of the fourth element OR; the first output of the block is connected to the output of the first element AND, the third input of the second element OR NOT, and the second input of the first element OR; the second output - with the output of the second element AND, the fourth input of the first element OR NOT, and the third input of the second element OR; the third output - with the fifth input of the first element OR NOT, the second input of the fourth element OR, and its second input - with the output of the second element NOT (5).

The method of collection and removal of household waste on this machine includes loading of household waste into the vehicle body through the corresponding window using a standard loader or device for grabbing, lifting and tilting the container; moving a portion of loaded household waste to the body end of the ejector plate on the drive carriage; squeezing household waste between the bumper plate and the tailgate; the creation of a given maximum compression force and the completion of the compaction of household waste; automatic return of the ejector plate to its initial starting position; repeated repetition of the batch load and compaction of household waste before the final filling of the body; automatic return of the pusher plate to the initial initial position with an audible signal about the completion of the maximum bulk loading of the body; forced resetting the alarm and the termination of loading the body; delivery of compacted household waste to the destination of the vehicle; unloading of compacted household waste from the body to the outside by means of an ejector plate through an open unloading opening with the tailgate fully raised; preparation of the vehicle for the next voyage of collection and removal of household waste.

This machine and the method of collection and disposal of household waste on it are the closest to the invention according to its technical essence and the achieved result.

However, this machine has some drawbacks.

In it, as well as in known similar machines, there are no means for punching existing household waste, more and more recently, plastic containers (bottles, bags, etc.) from beverages, products, various liquids and mixtures that the ejector plate is not capable of sufficiently crushing and finally squeezing out the air, especially vessels with closed lids, as a result of which the coefficient of compaction of household waste and the capacity of the body are significantly reduced, which leads to an increase in vehicle trips and accelerate its wear, increase the consumption of fuel and lubricants and operating costs.

The objective of the invention is to increase the compaction rate of household waste and the capacity of the body, reducing vehicle trips to the landfill, thereby reducing fuel consumption and operating costs, expanding the functional and technological capabilities of the machine for collecting and transporting household waste, and increasing the effectiveness of her work.

This problem is solved by the fact that the proposed machine for the collection and removal of household waste, containing a body with a loading window and a tailgate mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, and a device for compacting and unloading household waste placed in the body and containing an ejector plate mounted on the carriage with rollers and kinematically connected with the mechanism of movement, which is made in the form of gear racks located on the side walls of the body throughout

- 4 009348 to the length of the drive engine mounted on the back side of the ejector plate and gear wheels interacting with the corresponding gear racks and placed on the intermediate shafts connected to the shaft of the drive motor made in the form of a hydraulic rotator and equipped with a hydraulic distributor with actuating electromagnets of the FORWARD and BACK commands , by the control unit, sensors of the location of the ejector plate at the BEGINNING and at the END, with the FORWARD, BACK and STOP buttons, mode switch: LOADING and UNLOADING, sig Aligners of the implementation of the FORWARD and BACK commands and sensors for compressing household waste, including a sensitive element with a hydraulic input, a pointer-arrow of a real compressive force, kinematically connected with a sensitive element, a measuring scale for compressing forces, setting devices for compressing household waste in the body and also equipped with an automatic control device of the maximum allowable bulk load of the body, which includes the maximum filling alarm, the sensor o reloading, installed after the ejector plate positioning sensor IN THE BEGINNING and before the edge of the loading window, and a linear acting element located on the upper part of the ejector plate and interacting also with the ejector plate positioning sensors IN THE BEGINNING and IN THE END, the length of the linear acting element being the minimum width allowable free space in the body opposite the loading window, sufficient to accommodate no more than one downloadable portion of household waste, at ohm valve, on the one hand, through the inlet and outlet flexible hoses is hydraulically connected to the supply lines and, on the other hand, is connected through flexible hoses and tee to the hydraulic inlet of the sensing element, the discharge and drain holes of the hydratae; the linear acting element is made in the form of a permanent magnet, and the load restriction sensor and the ejector plate location sensors AT THE BEGINNING and AT THE END are made in the form of reed switches placed on damping pads (from foam rubber) in individual boxes of non-magnetic (plastic) material, and individual boxes are placed on the outer surface of the body and installed in the openings made in the appropriate places with the possibility of forming the necessary air gap between its lower part and the upper hour a linear magnetic actuator; and in the control unit, the first input is connected to the ejector plate positioning sensor AT THE END, the second input is with the FORWARD button, the third input is with the STOP button, the fourth input is with the ejector plate positioning sensor IN THE BEGINNING, the fifth input is with the BACK button, the sixth input is with the output of the mode switch corresponding to the position LOADING, the seventh and eighth inputs - respectively with the setting devices of the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM efforts to compress household waste, the ninth input - with the load limit sensor, the first output of the unit is connected to A forward electromagnet of the FORWARD command and an indicator of the implementation of this command, the second output with an executive electromagnet of the BACK command and an indicator of the implementation of this command, the third output with a maximum filling indicator, in accordance with the invention, it is additionally equipped with a punching device for various plastic and other similar vessels domestic waste containing pins pointed from one end and fixed obliquely from the other end on the face of the pusher plate with a step, smaller than the dimensions of the smallest of the above vessels; guide bushings, cantilever mounted on the back side of the ejector plate and aligned with their internal holes with corresponding through holes made in the ejector plate; an additional plate, parallel to the front side of the pusher plate, and through holes made on it for the corresponding pointed pins, as well as sliders cantilevered on its back side, placed in the respective guide bushings and fitted with each of them with a pushing spring, washers and a fixing element with the ability to provide reciprocating movement of the additional plate relative to the ejector plate, while the additional plate provides ene fixed abutments in the body to cooperate with them in order to return it if necessary to the working extended position during the approach to the sensor ejection plate located at the beginning; The ejector plate location sensor AT THE END is placed on the body with the possibility of forming the minimum allowable distance between the ends of the pointed pins on the ejector plate and the closed rear edge of the body, but sufficient to pierce the smallest of the above vessels; Pointed pins are made with a length sufficient for punching all the above vessels in the loaded portion of household waste; the pushing springs on the sliders are made with a total force less than the specified maximum compressive force of household waste, but sufficient to return the additional plate to the working extended position and reset the above vessels stuck on the pointed pins; the control unit includes five logical elements AND, four logical elements OR, two logical elements OR NOT, two logical elements NOT and an element of adjustable time delay 11 to complete punching of various plastic and other similar vessels, remove air from them and finally crush them and in the block the first input is connected to the first input of the first element OR NOT, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first element

- 5 009348

AND; the second input - with the first input of the first element OR, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first element AND; the third input is with the second input of the first element OR NOT, the first input of the second element OR NOT, and the input of the second element NOT; the fourth input - with the second input of the second element OR — NOT, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second element AND; the fifth input is with the first input of the second element OR, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second element AND; the sixth input - with the first input of the third element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third element OR; the seventh entrance is with the input of the first element NOT, the output of which is connected to the third input of the third element I; the eighth input - with the first input of the third element OR, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third element AND, and also through the element of adjustable delay time 11 is connected to the third input of the first element OR NOT, the second input of the second element OR and the first input of the fourth element AND; the ninth input - with the second input of the fourth element AND, the output of which is connected to the first input of the fourth element OR; the first output of the block is connected to the output of the first element AND, the third input of the second element OR NOT, and the second input of the first element OR; the second output with the output of the second element AND, the fourth input of the first element OR NOT and the third input of the second element OR; the third output - with the fifth input of the first element OR NOT, the second input of the fourth element OR, and the output of the fifth element AND, the first input of which is connected to the output of the fourth element OR, and the second input - with the output of the second element NOT.

The method of collection and removal of household waste on this machine, including loading a portion of household waste into the vehicle body through the corresponding window using a standard loader or device for grabbing, lifting and tilting the container; moving a portion of loaded household waste to the body end of the ejector plate on the drive carriage; squeezing household waste between the buoyancy plate and the closed tailgate; the creation of a given maximum compression force and the completion of the compaction of household waste; automatic return of the ejector plate to its initial starting position; multiple repetition of the batch load and compaction of household waste until the final filling of the body; automatic return of the pusher plate to the initial initial position with an audible signal about the completion of the maximum bulk loading of the body; forced resetting the alarm and the termination of loading the body; delivery of compacted household waste to the destination of the vehicle; unloading of compacted household waste from the body to the outside by means of an ejector plate through the open unloading opening of the body with the tailgate fully raised; preparing the vehicle for the next voyage for collecting and transporting household waste, in accordance with the invention, with the maximum compression of household waste, additionally punch various plastic and other similar vessels in them with the help of pointed pins on the ejector plate; after reaching the specified maximum compressive force, they delay the time for final punching of all plastic and other similar vessels, removing air from them and completing their collapse, taking into account a significant increase in the compaction coefficient; when the pusher plate returns to its initial starting position, the automatic discharge of various plastic and other similar vessels stuck on the pointed pins and various objects is also simultaneously performed using an additional plate in the punching device spring-loaded with respect to the ejector plate.

Each pin on the ejector plate at the end of the free end is made with a pointed cone-shaped protrusion, which can be used for collecting and transporting household waste together with various plastic and other similar vessels, as well as the ability to punch even solid objects.

Each pin on the ejector plate at the end of the free end is made of pointed pointed protrusions in the center and periphery with the possibility of using only plastic and other similar vessels without household waste when collecting, as well as the ability to destroy their soft walls both perpendicular and tangential.

Based on the data and comparison of the proposed object with analogues and prototype, it can be seen that the proposed technical solutions and the way of working on the proposed machine meet the criterion of inventive step and are new, and their industrial applicability is confirmed by the detailed description below of the constructive implementation of the proposed machine and the principle of its operation.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the proposed machine for the collection and removal of household waste, side view; in fig. 2 - constructive implementation of the sensor load limits body; in fig. 3 - device for compacting and unloading household waste; in fig. 4 shows a kinematic connection between the carriage movement mechanism and the device for compacting and unloading household waste, view A in FIG. 3; in fig. 5 - punching device of various plastic and other similar vessels; in fig. 6 - placement in the guide sleeve on the ejector plate of the corresponding slider on the additional plate of the punching device, as well as the location of the pushing spring on the slider, section B - B in FIG. five; in fig. 7 shows the fastening of the pointed pins of the punching device on the pusher plate, section B-B in FIG. five; in fig. 8 - constructive execution of pointed pins for punching various plastic and

- 6 009348 other similar vessels in the composition of household waste; in fig. 9 - constructive execution of pointed pins for punching only plastic and other similar vessels without household waste; in fig. 10 is a wiring diagram and a functional-logic diagram of the control unit of the drive motor of the carriage and the ejector plate with a punching device.

The proposed machine for the collection and removal of household waste contains a body 1 with a loading window 2 and a tailgate 3 mounted on the chassis of the vehicle 4, and a device 5 for compacting and unloading household waste placed in the body 1.

The device 5 contains an ejector plate 6 mounted on the carriage 7 with the support rollers 8 and kinematically connected with the movement mechanism 9.

The mechanism 9 movement is made in the form of toothed racks 10, located on the side walls of the body 1 along its entire length, the drive motor 11 mounted on the back side of the ejector plate 6, and gear wheels 12 interacting with the corresponding toothed racks 10 and placed on the intermediate shafts 13 associated with the shaft 14 of the drive motor 11.

The drive motor 11 is made in the form of a hydraulic rotator equipped with a hydraulic distributor 15 with actuating electromagnets 16 of the FORWARD command and 17 BACK commands, control block 18, sensors of the ejector plate 19 and 20, respectively, at the BEGINNING and AT THE END, with 21 FORWARD buttons, 22 BACK and 23 STOP, switch 24 modes of operation: LOADING and UNLOADING, alarms 25 and 26 of the implementation of the FORWARD and BACK commands, sensor 27 of the compression force of household waste and automatic control device 28 of the maximum permissible body load.

The sensor 27 includes a sensitive element 29 with a hydraulic input 30, a pointer arrow 31 of the real compression force, kinematically connected with the sensitive element 29, a measuring scale 32 of compression force, setters 33 MINIMUM and 34 MAXIMUM compression forces of household waste in the body.

The device 28 includes a maximum filling alarm 35, a loading restriction sensor 36 installed after the ejector plate location sensor 19 at the BEGINNING and before the edge of the loading window 2, and a linear acting element 37 located on the upper part of the ejector plate 6 and interacting also with sensors 19 and 20 of the location of the pusher plate, respectively, at the beginning and at the end, and the length "a" of the linear acting element 37 is equal to the width "b" of the minimum allowable free volume space 38 in the body 1 opposite the loading window 2, sufficient to accommodate no more than one downloadable portion of household waste.

Linear acting element 37 is made in the form of a permanent magnet with a magnetic field of a length "a" equal to the width "b" of the minimum allowable free volume space 38 in the body 1 opposite the loading window 2.

The sensors 19, 20, 36 are made in the form of reed switches 39 placed on damping pads 40 in individual boxes 41 of non-magnetic material.

The individual boxes 41 are placed on the outer surface of the body 1 and are installed in the openings 42 made in the corresponding places with the possibility of forming the necessary air gap “b” between its lower part and the upper part of the linear magnetic acting element 37.

The damping pad 40 is made, for example, from foam rubber, an individual box 41 - for example, from plastic.

The presence of a rigid connection between the gears 12 and the gear racks 10 prevents longitudinal distortions of the ejector plate 6 and provides a stable air gap "b" between the linear acting element 37 and the sensors 19, 20, 36, which guarantees the reliability of the drive engine management system and the machine as a whole .

Each gear rack 10 is made in the form of a U-shaped box 43, in which the side flanges 44, 45 are turned downwards with their free ends and between them with pitch “g” equal to the pitch “g” of gear wheel 12, fingers 46 are installed.

At the U-shaped box 43, the side shelf 44 is rigidly fixed to the side wall of the body 1, the middle shelf 47 is a guide for the support rollers 8 of the carriage 7, the side shelf 45 with its outer part interacts with the flange 48, and the end part with cylindrical rollers 49 restrictive rollers 50.

The presence of restrictive rollers 50 also prevents transverse and vertical displacement of the ejector plate 6, eliminates its distortions.

The machine is also additionally equipped with a device 51 for punching various plastic and other similar vessels as part of household waste, containing pins 52 that are pointed from one end and fixed on the front side of the ejector plate 6 in a staggered manner in increments that are smaller than the smallest dimensions the above vessels; guide bushings 53, which are cantilever-mounted on the back side of the pusher plate 6 and aligned with their internal holes 54 with the corresponding 6

- 7 009348 through holes 55; an additional plate 56, parallel to the front side of the ejector plate 6, and through holes 57 made on it for the corresponding pointed pins 52, as well as sliders 58 mounted on its back side, placed in the respective guide bushings 53 and provided with each of them a pushing spring 59 washers 60, 61 and the locking element 62 with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the additional plate 56 relative to the ejector plate 6.

The additional plate 55 is provided with stops 63, 64 fixed in the body 1 with the ability to interact with them to return it, if necessary, to the working extended position as it approaches the ejector plate positioning sensor 19 at the BEGINNING.

The sensor 20 of the location of the pushing plate IN THE END is placed on the body 1 with the possibility of forming the minimum allowable distance between the ends of the pointed pins 52 on the pushing plate 6 and the closed back side 3 of the body 1, but sufficient for punching the smallest of the above vessels.

Pointed pins 52 are made with a length sufficient for punching all the above vessels in the loaded portion of household waste.

For a more efficient operation of the proposed machine, pins 52 are mounted on the ejector plate 6, each of which has a pointed cone-shaped protrusion on the free end with the ability to use for collecting and exporting household waste together with various plastic and other similar vessels, as well as the ability to punch and more solid objects (Fig. 8).

For more efficient operation of the proposed machine, pins 52 are installed on the ejector plate 6, each of which has pointed-shaped protrusions at the free end in the center and the periphery with the possibility of using only plastic and other similar vessels without household waste when collecting, as well as the ability to destroy them soft walls both perpendicular and tangential (Fig. 9).

The pushing springs 59 on the sliders 58 are made with a total force less than the specified maximum compressive force of household waste, but sufficient to return the additional plate 56 to the working extended position and reset the 52 vessels that were stuck on the pointed pins.

For tight and soft contact with the bottom of the body 1, as well as careful selection of household waste, the additional plate 56 has a quick-release scraper 65 at the bottom, made, for example, of rubber, and the ejector plate 6 is equipped with a discharge roller 66.

To ensure the movement of the additional plate 56 together with the pushing plate 6, the hydraulic distributor 15, on the one hand, connects the flexible hoses 67 and 68 hoses 68 to the supply line, for example, the hydraulic system of the vehicle, and on the other hand, flexible hoses 69, 70, 71 and a tee 72 - with a pressure outlet 73 of the hydraulic rotator 11 and a hydraulic inlet 30 of the sensing element 29 of the sensor 27, as well as through a flexible hose 74 - with a drain hole 75 of the hydraulic rotator 11.

To control the actuators of the proposed machine provides a remote control 76 located in the cab 77 of the vehicle 4.

In the wiring diagram, the first input of the control unit 18 is connected to the sensor 20 for the location of the ejector plate AT THE END, the second input is with the 21 FORWARD button, the third input is with the STOP button 23, the fourth input is with the sensor 19 for the location of the ejector plate AT THE BEGINNING, the fifth input is button 22 BACK, the sixth input - with the output of the switch 24 operating modes corresponding to the DOWNLOAD position, the seventh and eighth inputs - respectively with the controllers 33 MINIMUM and 34 MAXIMUM compressive household waste, the ninth input - with the load limiting sensor 36, the first The second output of the unit 18 is connected to the actuating solenoid 16 of the FORWARD command of the hydraulic distributor 15 and the indicator 25 of the implementation of this command, the second output is connected with the executive solenoid 17 of the BACK control of the hydraulic distributor 15 and the indicator of the implementation of this command 26, the third output with the maximum filling indicator 35.

The control unit 18 includes logical elements 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 AND, logical elements 83, 84, 85, 86 OR, logical elements 87, 88 OR-NOT, logical elements 89, 90 NOT and adjustable delay element 91 time 11 to complete punching of various plastic and other similar vessels, removing air from them and finally crushing them; in block 18, the first input is connected to the first input of element 87 OR NOT, the output of which is connected to the first input of element 78 AND; the second input with the first input of the element 83 OR, the output of which is connected to the second input of the element 78 AND; the third input is with the second input of element 87 OR-NOT, the first input of element 88 OR-NOT and the input of element 90 NOT; the fourth input - with the second input of the element 88 OR-NOT, the output of which is connected to the first input of the element 79 AND; the fifth input - with the first input of the element 84 OR, the output of which is connected to the second input of the element 79 AND; the sixth input - with the first input of the element 80 And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the element 85 OR; the seventh entrance is with the input of the element 89 NOT, the output of which is connected to the third input of the element 80 I; the eighth entry - with the first entry of element 85 OR,

- 8 009348 the second input of which is connected to the output of the element 80 And; and through the element 91 of the adjustable time delay 11 is connected to the third input of the element 87 OR-NOT, the second input of the element 84 OR, and the first input of the element 81 AND; the ninth input - with the second input of the element 81 And, the output of which is connected to the first input of the element 86 OR; the first output of block 18 is connected to the output of element 78 AND, the third input of element 87 OR-NOT and the second input of element 83 OR; the second output - with the output of the element 79 And, the fourth input of the element 87 OR-NOT and the third input of the element 84 OR; the third output is with the fifth input of element 87 OR-NOT, the second input of element 86 OR and the output of element 82 AND, the first input of which is connected to the output of element 86 OR, and the second input - with the output of element 90 NOT.

The proposed machine for the collection and removal of household waste works as follows. Before starting work, the operator must check that in the switch of 24 operating modes the handle is set to the LOADING position, and the ejector plate 6 is in the initial initial position and the body 1, the back side 3 must be in the lowest position completely closing the discharge opening 92

The operator then organizes the loading of the body 1 through the window 2 using a standard loader or a device for grabbing, lifting and tipping the container with household waste (not shown).

After that, the operator acts on the button 21 FORWARD, as a result of which a signal appears at its output, the second input of block 18, the first input of element 83 OR, and the second input of element 78 I.

The presence of signals simultaneously on all inputs of element 78 And causes the appearance of a signal at its output, the second input of element 83 OR (memorized), the third input of element 88 OR-NOT (prohibition of the BACK command), the first output of block 18, the input of the actuating electromagnet 16 of the FORWARD control valve 15, informing about the alarm of this command.

The pressure opening 73 on the hydraulic rotator 11 and the hydraulic inlet 30 of the sensing element 29 of the compression sensor 27 are connected via a tee 72 and flexible hoses 69, 70, 71 to the supply flexible hose 67 of the supply line, and the drain hole 75 is connected through a hose 74 to the outlet flexible hose 68 of the supply line, as a result of which hydrocirculation begins in them, and the drive shaft 14, the intermediate shafts 13 and the gear wheel 12 begin to rotate counterclockwise, and the gear wheel 12 interacts with the finger 46 of the gear teeth. 10 and begin to move forward the carriage 7 and the ejector plate 6 together with the device 51 punching plastic and other similar vessels.

When moving the carriage 7 forward, an additional plate 56 of the device 51, spring-loaded relative to the ejector plate 6, comes into tight contact with a loaded portion of household waste and moves them to the end of the body 1 as it travels.

After receiving information about the implementation of the FORWARD command, the operator immediately releases button 21, because the control process is carried out automatically and continues to perform other necessary types of work at the same time, for example, organizing timely loading of the next portion of household waste into the body.

The operator, guided by the visual information of the household waste compression sensor 27 and the detectors 25, 26 and 35, constantly monitors the dynamic state of the ejector plate 6 in the enclosed space of the body 1 and has the ability, if necessary, to forcibly suspend the carriage 7 by affecting the STOP button 23, as a result a signal appears at its output, the third input of block 18, the second input of element 87 OR-NOT, the first input of element 88 OR-NOT and the input of element 90 NOT, after which the signals at their outputs, the first inputs of elements 78, 79 AND and the second input element 82 AND, the output of element 78 AND, the second input element 83 OR (memory reset), the third input element 88 OR-NOT, the first output of block 18, the input of the actuating electromagnet 16 of the valve 15 and the input of the detector 25 implementation team FORWARD.

Thus, the operator has a priority opportunity to adjust the control process and exclude emergency situations in advance, which guarantees the reliability and high efficiency of the machine.

Upon arrival of the carriage 7 to the extreme position, an additional plate 56 on the device 51 presses the loaded portion of household waste to the back board 3 of the body 1, distributes them evenly in height and gradually condenses, resulting in an increase in the hydraulic pressure in the flexible hoses 67, 69, 70, 71, the pressure port 73 of the rotator 11 and the hydraulic inlet 30 of the sensing element 29 of the sensor 27.

With increasing pressure, the sensitive element 29 gives the command to rotate the pointer-arrow 31, which in the course of the movement first interacts with the setting unit 33 MINIMUM compressive force, as a result of which the signal at its output disappears, the seventh input of the unit 18 and the input of the element 89 NOT, after which causes a signal at its output and the third input of element 80 I (preparation for recording the maximum compression force of household waste in the body 1).

When the compressed household waste is reached, a little less than the maximum value, the additional plate 56, overcoming the force of the pushing springs 59, in parallel approaches the pushing plate 6 by moving the sliders 58 in the guide sleeves 53, and the pointed pins 52 move forward through the corresponding holes 57 and begin to pierce available in

- 9 009348 plastic waste and other similar vessels, simultaneously squeezing out the air and crushing them, thereby significantly increasing the compaction coefficient.

Upon reaching the specified maximum compression force of household waste in the body 1, the pointer arrow 31 interacts with the setting device 34, as a result of which a signal appears at its output, the eighth input of the block 18, the first input and the output; element 85 OR, the second input and output element 80 AND, the second input element 85 OR (memorized) and the input element 91 delay time 11 to complete the punching of plastic and other similar vessels, the removal of air and the final collapse.

After a predetermined delay of time 11 has elapsed, a signal appears at the output of element 91, the first input of element 81 AND, the second input and output of element 84 OR, the second input of element 79 AND, and the third input of element 87 OR NOT, after which the signal at its output, the first the input and output of the element 78 AND, the second input and output of the element 83 OR (memory reset), the third input of the element 88 OR-NOT (permission of the BACK command), the first output of block 18, the input of the actuating electromagnet 16 of the FORWARD control valve 15 and the input of the signaling device 25, informing about terminated and moving the pusher plate 6 forward after maximum compaction of a portion of household waste loaded into the body.

The disappearance of the signal at the third input of the element 88 OR-NOT causes a signal to appear during its first input and output of the element 79 AND, the third input of the element 84 OR (remembered), the fourth input of the element 87 OR NOT (prohibiting the FORWARD command), the second output of block 18 , the input of the actuating electromagnet 17 of the BACK command of the hydraulic distributor 15 and the input of the annunciator 26 informing about the implementation of the BACK command, while the drain hole 75 of the hydraulic rotator 11 through the flexible hose 74 is connected to the supply flexible hose 67 of the supply line and the pressure outlet The race 73 through the tee 72 and flexible hoses 69, 70, 71 is connected to the hydraulic inlet 30 of the sensing element 29 of the sensor 27 and the discharge flexible hose 68 of the supply line, as a result of which they begin to hydrocirculate and the drive shaft 14, intermediate shafts 13 and gears 12 begin to rotate clockwise, interact with the fingers 46 of the rack racks 10 and begin to move back the carriage 7 and the pusher plate 6 together with the additional plate 56 of the punching device 51 of plastic and other similar vessels.

Since the automatic return of the carriage 7 and the pusher plate with the device 51 to the initial initial position at idle, the load decreases sharply and a slight pressure is created in the flexible hoses 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, the sensitive element 29 of the sensor 27 gives a command to return pointer - arrow 31 to its original position, which in the direction of travel first stops interaction with the setting unit 34 MAXIMUM compression force, after which the signal at its output, the eighth input of the block 18 and the first input of the element 85 OR disappears.

Then the arrow pointer 31 terminates the relationship with the setting device 33 MINIMUM compressing force and a signal appears at its output, the seventh input of the block 18 and the input of the element 89 NOT, after which the signal disappears at its output, the third input and output of the element 80 And, the second input and output element 85 OR (memory reset), the input and output of the element 91 (return delay time 11 to the zero position), the first input of the element 81 AND, the second input of the element 84 OR and the third input of the element 87 OR-NOT.

In the course of moving the carriage 7 to its original initial position, the additional plate 56 begins to automatically return to its original extended position due to the efforts of the pushing springs 59 on the sliders 58, while it clears the plastic and other similar vessels 52 stuck on the pointed rods, as well as various other items.

When the carriage 7 approaches, the additional plate 56 interacts with the restrictive stops 63, 64 and returns to its original extended position, if this was not done for any reason by pushing springs 59 in advance.

When the carriage 7 arrives at the initial initial position, the magnetic field of the acting element 37 interacts with the reed switch 39 in the plastic box 41 through the air gap “b”, as a result of which a signal appears at the output of the ejector plate positioning sensor 19 AT THE BEGINNING, the fourth input of the block 18 and the second input element 88 OR-NOT, after which the signal disappears at its output, the first input and output of element 79 AND, the third input and output element 84 OR (memory reset), the fourth input element 87 OR-NOT (permission FORWARD), the secondExit unit 18, the input of the executive of the electromagnet 17 of the control valve 15 and the input 26 alarm informing about the termination of the command BACK.

This completes the working cycle of loading and compacting a portion of household waste.

Then everything is repeated in the same way until the vehicle body 1 is fully loaded 4.

At the completion of the filling of the body 1 on the vehicle 4, the acting element 37 with the next movement of the carriage 7 and the ejector plate 6 with the device 51 FORWARD interacts with the sensor 36 of the load limiter, resulting in a signal at its output, the ninth input of the block 18 and the second input element 81 I.

Similarly to the above, punching of plastic and other similar vessels occurs, and

- 10 009348 also maximum compression and compaction of household waste loaded into body 1, as a result of which a signal appears at the first input and output of element 81 AND, first input and output of element 85 OR, first input and output of element 82 AND, second input of element 86 OR (memorized), the fifth input element 87 OR-NOT, the third output of the block 18 and the input of the detector 35, informing about the maximum volume filling of the body 1 with sound.

The presence of a signal at the fifth input of element 87 OR-NOT causes the disappearance of a signal at its output, the first input and output of element 78 AND, the second input and output of element 83 OR (memory reset), the third input of element 88 OR-NOT (permission of the BACK command), the first output of block 18, the input of the actuating electromagnet 16 of the FORWARD command of the hydrodistributor 15 and the input of the indicator 25, informing of the termination of the implementation of the FORWARD command.

Simultaneous activation of sound on the signaling device 35 after the maximum compression force appears a signal at the second input and output of the element 84 OR, the second input and output of the element 79 AND, the second input of the element 84 OR (memorized), the fourth input of the element 87 OR-NOT, the second output of the block 18, the input of the executive electromagnet 17 of the BACK command of the hydraulic distributor 15 and the input of the annunciator 26 informing of the automatic implementation of the BACK command in this situation.

The operator, having made sure that the carriage 7 and the ejector plate 6 with the device 51 are returned to the initial starting position, gives a command to stop loading the vehicle body 1 of the vehicle 4 and act on the STOP button 23, as a result, a signal appears at its output, the third input of the block 18, the second input element 87 OR-NOT, the first input element 88 OR-NOT and the input element 90 NOT, after which the signal disappears at its output, the second input and output element 82 And the second input and output element 85 OR (memory reset), the fifth the input element 87 OR-NOT, the third output is bl 18 and the entrance of the detector 35, informing about the termination of the soundtrack of the maximum body load command of the vehicle 4.

Thus, due to the use of an automatic control device, the maximum allowable bulk loading of the body was able to timely inform about the termination of loading operations, to prevent overload and the associated significant loss of time, which improves service conditions, increases the efficiency of the machine.

Since the device was used to punch plastic and other similar vessels, the coefficient of compaction of household waste and the capacity of the body significantly increased, resulting in a decrease in the number of vehicle trips to the landfill, as well as loss of time, consumption of fuel and lubricants and operating and transport costs. , increases the efficiency of the machine.

After maximally filling the body with household waste, the vehicle delivers them to the landfill.

At the landfill site using a standard drive, for example, a power cylinder 93, they rotate around the hinge 94 of the tailgate 3 to the upper position, fully opening the discharge opening 92.

After that, the operator switches the switch handle 24 operating modes to the UNLOAD position, with the result that the signal at its output disappears, the sixth input of the unit 18 and the first input of element 80 I (prohibition of fixing the maximum compressive force of household waste).

Making sure that the machine is ready for unloading, the operator acts on button 21 FORWARD, as a result of which, similarly to the above, the drive motor 11 is started and the carriage 7 and ejector plate 6 with device 51 are moved forward, which move the maximum compacted body 1 in the direction of travel. household waste through the discharge window 92, while the sensor 27 compression of household waste is not involved in the management, but is used for visual control information about the dynamic load on the ejector conductive plate 6, so that creates the possibility of instant response when deviations from the norm, which excludes emergencies, improve conditions of service and ensures high efficiency of the machine.

When the carriage 7 arrives at the end of the body 1, the household waste is unloaded and the acting element 37 on the pushing plate 6 interacts with the sensor 20, as a result of which a signal appears at its output, the first input of the block 18 and the first input of the element 87 OR NOT, after the signal disappears at its output, the first input and output of element 78 AND, the second input and output of element 83 OR (memory reset), the third input of element 88 OR-NOT (permission of the BACK command), the first output of block 18, the input of actuating electromagnet 16 of the hydraulic distributor 15 and the input of the detector 25, informing about the termination of the implementation of the FORWARD command.

The return of the carriage 7 and the ejector plate 6 with the device 51 to the initial initial position is carried out similarly to the above, after acting on the button 22 BACK.

After arrival and automatic stopping of the carriage 7 and the pusher plate 6 with the device 51 in the initial initial position, with the help of the hydraulic cylinder 93, they rotate around the hinge 94 of the tailgate 3 to the lower extreme position, completely closing the discharge opening 92.

- 11 009348

After completion of the unloading operation, the vehicle 4 is prepared for the next voyage for collecting and transporting household waste.

Thus, the method of collection and removal of household waste on the proposed machine includes loading a portion of household waste into the vehicle body through the corresponding window using a loader or a device for grabbing, lifting and tipping the container: moving a portion of loaded household waste to the body end with an ejector plate with a punching device plastic and other similar vessels in the composition of household waste; collapse of household waste between the closed rear side of the body and the ejector plate with a punching device for plastic and other similar vessels; punching of plastic and other similar vessels in household waste; the creation of a given maximum effort to compress household waste; the creation of a delay in the final punching of all plastic and other similar vessels, the removal of air from them and the completion of their collapse, taking into account a significant increase in the compaction rate of household waste; automatic return of the pusher plate with a punching device to the initial initial position; automatic discharge of plastic and other similar vessels stuck on the gabled pins, as well as various objects, with the help of an additional plate, spring-loaded with respect to the ejector plate, when returning to the initial initial position; multiple repetition of the batch load and maximum compaction of household waste before the final filling of the body; automatic return of the pusher plate with a punching device to the initial initial position with an audible signal about the completion of the maximum bulk loading of the body; forced resetting the alarm and the termination of loading the body; delivery of the most compacted household waste to the destination by the vehicle; unloading of the most compacted household waste from the body to the outside by means of an ejector plate with a punching device through the open unloading opening of the body with the tailgate fully raised; preparation of the vehicle for the next voyage of collection of domestic waste.

Based on the above, it can be seen that the proposed machine and the method of collection and removal of household waste on it compares favorably with the known similar machines and has the following advantages:

firstly, the use of punching devices of various plastic and other similar vessels as part of household waste on the ejector plate made it possible to significantly increase the compaction rate of household waste and the body capacity, which significantly reduced the number of vehicle runs to landfills, usually located far from settlements, as well as significantly reduce the cost of fuel and lubricants and operating costs, increase the the performance of the proposed machine;

secondly, the use of the punching device on the ejector plate made it possible to use the proposed machine not only for collecting and transporting household waste to landfill sites, but also for collecting only plastic and other similar vessels (without household waste) from special containers recently installed time in settlements, as well as their export to processing plants;

thirdly, the use of pins with a pointed cone-shaped protrusion fixed to the ejector plate in the end face at each of its free ends made it possible to pierce not only various plastic and other similar vessels, but also various objects, which made it possible to efficiently use the proposed machine for collection and removal of household waste to the landfill;

Fourth, the use of pins cantilever-mounted on the ejector plate with pointed protrusions in the center and periphery at the end of each free end of the punching device made it possible to destroy the softer walls of various plastic and other similar vessels both perpendicularly and tangentially, allowed to effectively use the proposed machine for their collection and export to special processing plants;

fifth, the location of the pointed pins of the punching device on the ejector plate in a staggered manner with a pitch smaller than the smallest dimensions of the above vessels made it possible to punch them all, which increases the sealing factor and the body capacity, increases the efficiency of the proposed machine;

sixthly, the use of the pointed pins in the punching device with a length sufficient to punch all the various plastic and other similar vessels in the load portion of household waste also significantly increased the compaction coefficient and the capacity of the body, and increased the efficiency of the proposed machine;

Seventh, the use of an additional plate with through holes for pointed pins in the punching device, which was spring-loaded with respect to the ejector plate, made it possible with its help to automatically dump various plastic and other similar vessels stuck on them, as well as various objects, when returning the carriage to the initial initial position, which significantly increases the efficiency of the proposed machine;

- 12 009348 Eighth, the use of guide sleeves and sliders on an additional plate on the ejector plate, placed in the indicated guide bushes, made it possible to parallel move the additional plate relative to the front side of the ejector plate, which ensures reliable automatic discharge of various plastic and other jams stuck on the pointed pins similar vessels, as well as various items, and increases the efficiency of the proposed machine;

Ninth, the use of pushing springs on sliders between an additional plate and an ejector plate with a total force less than the specified maximum compressive force of household waste, but sufficient to return the additional plate to its original extended position, made it possible to first condense the softer components of household waste, and then punch their harder components, for example, various plastic and other similar vessels, including those with closed lids, remove air from them and finally crush them, which is SOM greatly increase the compression rate and capacity of the body, provide relief stuck on the above pointed pins and receptacles of various items when returning the stripper plate to the punching device to its original starting position, to raise the efficiency of the proposed machine;

tenth, placement of an ejector plate positioning sensor at the END with the possibility of forming the minimum allowable distance between the ends of the pointed pins on the ejector plate and the closed rear edge of the body, but sufficient for penetration of the smallest of the above vessels, which increases the compaction coefficient and the body capacity, increases the efficiency of the proposed machine;

eleventh, the application in the control unit of the drive motor of the carriage movement mechanism and the ejector plate with the punching device of an additional element these air and their final collapse, which allowed to increase the compaction coefficient and the capacity of the body, to increase the efficiency of the proposed machine;

twelfth, the use of an adjustable time delay element 11 in the control unit makes it possible, at 11 = 0 (if necessary), to completely exclude it or to install its necessary value in a wide range, which greatly expands the functional and technological capabilities of the proposed machine;

thirteenth, the additional use of restrictive stops in the body, interacting with the additional plate when the pusher plate approaches the initial initial position, makes it possible to return the additional plate to the initial extended position, if for some reason this was not done by the pushing springs on the sliders, allowed to increase the efficiency of the proposed machine.

The proposed machine and the method of collection and removal of household waste on it can be widely used in housing and communal services both in collecting household waste with the presence of various plastic and other similar vessels and exporting them to waste disposal sites, and in collecting and exporting only plastic and other similar vessels (without household waste) to special processing plants; Moreover, technical improvements implemented in this machine can be used in the manufacture of new machines for the collection and disposal of household waste, as well as in the modernization of widely used garbage trucks.

Information sources

1. 1399225A1, 1988.

2. CE 126225, 1962.

3. ΒΥ 3923, 1997.

4. ΒΥ 4453, 1998.

5. ΒΥ 7737, 2002.

Claims (4)

1. A method for the collection and removal of household waste, including loading a portion of household waste into the vehicle body through an appropriate window using a standard forklift or a device for gripping, lifting and tipping the container; moving a portion of the loaded household waste to the end of the body with a push plate on the drive carriage; compression of household waste between the pusher plate and the closed tailgate; creating a given maximum compression force and completing the compaction of household waste; automatic return of the ejector plate to its original initial position; repeated repetition of batch loading and compaction of household waste until the body is completely filled; automatic return of the pusher plate to its initial initial position with an audible alarm to complete the maximum volumetric loading of the body; forced reset of the sound alarm and termination of the loading of the body; delivery - 13 009348 compacted household waste to the destination vehicle; unloading compacted household waste from the body to the outside by means of an ejector plate through the open discharge opening of the body with the tailgate fully raised; preparing the vehicle for the next flight of collecting and removing household waste, characterized in that when compressing the household waste to the maximum, they additionally punch various plastic and other similar vessels in them using pointed pins on the eject plate; after reaching the specified maximum compression force, a time delay is created for the final punching of all plastic and other similar vessels, the removal of air from them and the completion of their collapse, taking into account a significant increase in the compaction coefficient; when returning the ejector plate to its original starting position, automatic dumping of various plastic and other similar vessels stuck on the pointed pins and also various objects with the help of an additional plate in the punching device spring-loaded relative to the ejector plate is simultaneously performed. 2. A machine for collecting and removing household waste, comprising a body with a loading window and a tailgate mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, and a device for compaction and unloading of household waste placed in the body and containing an ejector plate mounted on a carriage with rollers and kinematically connected with a movement mechanism, which is made in the form of gear racks located on the side walls of the body along its entire length, a drive motor mounted on the back of the ejector plate, and gears, operating with corresponding gear racks and placed on the intermediate shafts connected with the drive motor shaft, made in the form of a hydraulic rotator and equipped with a directional control valve with actuating electromagnets forward and backward, a control unit, sensors for the location of the ejector plate at the beginning and at the end, buttons forward, backward and stop loading, operation mode switch: loading and unloading, signaling devices for the implementation of commands back and forth and sensors for compressing household waste, including component with hydraulic input, pointer arrow of real compression force kinematically connected with the sensing element, measuring scale of compression force, setters for minimum and maximum compression forces of household waste in the body, as well as equipped with an automatic control device for the maximum allowable volume loading of the body, including a signaling device for maximum filling, load limiting sensor installed after the sensor for the location of the ejector plate at the beginning and in front of the edge behind a loading window, and a linear actuating element located on the upper part of the ejector plate and also interacting with the sensors for the location of the ejector plate at the beginning and at the end, the length of the linear actuating element being equal to the width of the minimum allowable free space in the body opposite the loading window, sufficient to accommodate it no more than one loadable portion of household waste, while the hydrodistributor, on the one hand, is hydraulically connected through the inlet and outlet flexible hoses to by flowing lines and, on the other hand, through flexible hoses and a tee connected to the hydraulic input of the sensing element, pressure and drain holes of the hydraulic rotator; the linear acting element is made in the form of a permanent magnet, and the load limiting sensor and the sensors for the location of the ejector plate at the beginning and at the end are made in the form of reed switches located on damping platforms (made of foam rubber) in individual boxes of non-magnetic (plastic) material, and individual boxes are placed on the outer surface of the body and installed in openings made in appropriate places with the possibility of forming the necessary air gap between its lower part and the upper hour tew linear magnetic actuating element; and in the control unit, the first input is connected to the ejector plate location sensor at the end, the second input is with the forward button, the third input is with the stop button, the fourth input is with the ejector plate location sensor at the beginning, the fifth input is with the back button, the sixth input is with the output of the operating mode switch corresponding to the load position, the seventh and eighth inputs, respectively, with setpoints for the minimum and maximum efforts to compress household waste, the ninth input is with a load limiting sensor, the first output of the unit is connected to the forward electromagnet of the team and the signaling device for the implementation of this command, the second output - with the executive electromagnet of the command back and the signaling device for the implementation of this command, the third output - with the maximum filling signaling device, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a piercing device for various plastic and other similar vessels in household waste containing pins pointed at one end and fixed cantilever from the other end to the front of the ejector plate staggered with w gom less than the smallest dimensions of the capacity of said vessel; guide bushings cantilevered on the back of the ejector plate and aligned with their internal holes with corresponding through holes made in the ejector plate; an additional plate parallel to the front of the ejector plate and through holes made for it for the corresponding pointed pins, as well as cantilevers mounted on its rear side, placed in the respective guide bushings and each equipped with a pushing spring, washers and a fixing element with the possibility of providing reciprocating movement to - 14 009348 of the filling plate relative to the ejecting plate, the additional plate having stops fixed in the body with the possibility of interaction with them to return it, if necessary, to the working extended position as you approach the sensor for the location of the ejecting plate at the beginning; the sensor for the location of the ejector plate at the end is placed on the body with the possibility of forming the minimum allowable distance between the ends of the pointed pins on the ejector plate and the closed rear side of the body, but sufficient for punching the smallest of the above vessels; pointed pins are made long enough to pierce all of the above vessels in a loaded portion of household waste; the pushing springs on the sliders are made with a total force less than a predetermined maximum compressive force of household waste, but sufficient to return the additional plate to the working extended position and discharge the aforementioned vessels stuck on the pointed pins; the control unit includes five logical elements AND, four logical elements OR, two logical elements OR NOT, two logic elements NOT and an element of adjustable time delay AND to complete the punching of various plastic and other similar vessels, remove air from them and finally crush them and, in the block, the first input is connected to the first input of the first OR-NOT element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first AND element; the second input - with the first input of the first OR element, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first AND element; the third input - with the second input of the first element OR NOT, the first input of the second element OR NOT and the input of the second element NOT; the fourth input - with the second input of the second OR-NOT element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second AND element; fifth input - with the first input of the second OR element, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second AND element; the sixth input - with the first input of the third AND element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third OR element; seventh input - with the input of the first element NOT, the output of which is connected to the third input of the third element And; the eighth input is with the first input of the third OR element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third AND element, and also through the adjustable time delay element AND is connected to the third input of the first OR-NOT element, the second input of the second OR element and the first input of the fourth AND element; the ninth input - with the second input of the fourth AND element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the fourth OR element; the first output of the block is connected to the output of the first AND element, the third input of the second OR-NOT element and the second input of the first OR element; the second output - with the output of the second AND element, the fourth input of the first OR-NOT element and the third input of the second OR element; the third output - with the fifth input of the first OR-NOT element, the second input of the fourth OR element and the output of the fifth AND element, the first input of which is connected to the output of the fourth OR element, and the second input - with the output of the second NOT element. 3. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that in each pin on the pushing plate at the end of the free end there is a pointed cone-shaped protrusion with the possibility of use in the collection and removal of household waste together with various plastic and other similar vessels, as well as the ability to pierce even solid items. 4. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that in each pin on the pushing plate at the end of the free end there are pointed protrusions in the center and periphery with the possibility of using only plastic and other similar vessels without household waste when collecting, as well as the ability to destroy their soft walls both perpendicularly and tangentially.