DE4313841A1 - Combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to improve an axial-flow combine harvester with a rotor (101), a straw-guide device (108) is arranged downstream of the rotor (101) (Fig. 1). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a combine harvester. In particular concerns the invention an axial flow combine with a rotor, one Combine harvester with a straw shaker, a straw guide for a combine harvester and a straw guide for a mower thresher.

Combine harvesters are known in various embodiments.

In the case of an axial flow combine this becomes the field Crop crop cut from a cutter and over an on traction member fed to a rotor which is essentially in Combine direction of travel, generally in Rich axis rotates backwards upwards. The longitudinal Directed rotor threshes, separates and conveys the threshed material leaves the rotor at its rear end. The threshing will be then a chopper arranged behind the rotor, the can also be an attached chopper. The chopper be generally consists of a chopper drum, the more normal wise around a horizontal, transverse to the combine direction of travel running axis rotates and on its circumference cutting tools, generally pendulum-hung flails arranged are. Combine harvesters, generally fixed, protruding into the circle of knives counter knife. Between the rear end of the Rotors and the chopper can be provided with an ejection drum be usually around a horizontal, across the mower axis rotating in the shear direction of travel rotates. This raise drum is usually in the side walls of the combine stored.  

Combine harvesters provided with shakers are also known which the cut and promoted by the feeder Crop is fed to a threshing drum, which is around a hori Central axis running perpendicular to the combine direction of travel rotates. Behind the threshing drum is a shaker (hordes arranged shaker), which runs essentially horizontally. The straw leaves the shaker at its rear end. Under Half of this rear end of this shaker can be a chopper of the type described above.

From DE-PS 28 15 936 is a combine with a shaker known at one below the rear end of the shaker Chopper is arranged. Between the back end of the bulk lers and the chopper or its feed opening is a guide device provided that the straw leaving the shaker feeds the chopper or its feed opening. The leader tung consists of an inclined wall, which is in the extends essentially over the entire width of the combine and on which several baffles are arranged such that they stand vertically on the wall. The baffles are swiveled bar. There is also a rear guide element above the chopper available, which is designed as a shovel-like curved sheet and which is arranged at a distance from the guide plates. The rear guide can also be made of a flat middle sheet and be built up two flat side plates. It can also order one in the area of its upper end, horizontal Be pivotable pivot axis. The back guide can be attached to the rear combine wall.

From DE-PS 38 09 762 is a screening and conveying device for preferably self-propelled harvesters known, the baffles has, which seen in the material conveying direction at a distance from Side boundary as well as spaced apart in parallel arranged differently and depending on the inclination of the screen and conveyor to the horizontal in parallel swivel  lungs are convertible to a structurally simple manner Effective equalization of the screenings distribution when threshing the slope to reach.

DE-GM 82 02 574 shows a combine harvester with one on the Exit point for the straw that has been thrown out above one Grain collecting device arranged straw guide device. To do that threshed straw in a simple manner from the accruing Separate chaff and any grains still present and for example, a chopper arranged on the combine lead, the straw guide is in a row in conveyor Direction to a chopper extending and across the för the direction of longitudinally spaced apart slit-forming support and conveyor elements. The supporting and conveyor elements can be used as drive belts, as rods, as Tubes or be designed as parallel sheet metal strips.

From DE-PS 35 28 538 is a combine with an attachment chopper known in which between the rear end of the bulk a straw guide plate and the feed opening of the combine is arranged. The straw baffle is horizontal, across to the combine direction and parallel to the chopper rota axis that runs above the feed opening of the combine is pivotable. In the front swivel position of the straw baffle is the straw from the shakers the feed opening of the combine harvester. If that Straw guide plate is in the rear swivel position the feed opening of the chopper is covered, and the straw is passed the chopper and stored for a long time.

The object of the invention is to provide a combine harvester with a ver improved straw guide device and an improved straw guide creating device.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with an axial flow mower solved with a rotor in that behind the rotor a  Straw guide device is arranged.

Advantageous further developments are described in the subclaims ben.

Behind the straw guide device can be a chopper, which is also a Cultivator can be arranged. To be satisfied ling operation of the chopper and an even distribution Reaching the chopped straw is even Loading of the chopper - based on its width - of large if not of crucial importance. To ensure an even To reach the chopper feed is behind the rotor a straw guide device arranged. That the straw guide straw is fed to the chopper, in in a way that is evened out by the straw guide device.

According to a further advantageous development, between the Rotor or its rear end and the straw guide a rotating ejection drum is provided. The ejection drum can be horizontal, transverse to the combine direction of travel rotating axis. She carries the straw of the straw guide device to. Because the speed of the straw when leaving the rotor is relatively small, the straw is ejected by the accelerated and backwards into the rear area of the Combine thrown. The discharge drum can be in the side walls that of the combine harvester.

The straw guide device preferably has a plurality of guide devices on. These guides can be arranged vertically neten sheets.

The guide devices are preferably on the entry side cut at an angle. This prevents the The inlet side of the guide devices jams straw.

A further advantageous development is characterized  net that the guidance devices preferably one in their front whose area lying axis are pivotable. This is it is possible to attach the guide devices to the straw guide device adapt the respective requirements.

The guiding devices can be connected to each other by a coupling rod be connected. If all guidance devices are replaced by such a Coupling rod are connected to each other, they can be connected by a Movement of the coupling rod can be pivoted together. It is but also possible, several, preferably two, coupling rods to provide. With each coupling rod there is a group of Guides connected. By moving the coupling stand The respective group of guidance devices can work together be adjusted. The arrangement is preferably such fen that a left and a right group of guidance devices each connected by a coupling rod and thus adjustable are.

The coupling rods can be drivable. Preferably, the Coupling rods can be operated remotely to adjust the guide device during the operation of the combine from the driver's seat to enable. The coupling rods can be driven by a Electric motor, for example an electric motor with Linearan driven, a hydraulic cylinder, a cable, preferably with Retraction spring, or done in another way.

According to a further advantageous development, the guidelines are devices individually adjustable. The guidance devices can then meet the respective requirements particularly effectively be adjusted accordingly.

According to a further advantageous development, the Drum or its rear end and the straw guide a chopper arranged. The chopper can be turned horizontally, Rotate the axis perpendicular to the combine direction of travel. It can rotate from one in the manner described at the beginning  consist of the chopper drum, preferably pen on the circumference There are hanging flail knives. Can also fixed, preferably in the knife circle of flail knives protruding counter knives are available.

For a combine with a straw walker and an im substantially below the rear end of the straw walker arranged chopper, which can also be an attached chopper achieved the above object in that between the rear end of the straw walker and the chopper one inclined straw guide device running to the chopper is arranged. This straw guide device guides the straw to the chopper or its feed opening. The straw guide device is also preferably in the manner already described above det.

It when the straw guide device on is particularly advantageous a pivotable straw baffle is arranged. Here han it is preferably the one described in DE-PS 35 28 538 bene straw baffle. On this DE-PS 35 28 538 is hereby out expressly referred; the subject of DE-PS 35 28 538 is hereby expressly included in the present application gene.

Accordingly, the pivotable straw baffle is preferred wise around a horizontal, transverse to the combine direction of travel running over the feed opening of the chopper Swiveling axis. The straw is in the front swivel position fed into the chopper's feed opening, in the rear The straw is swiveled past the chopper and filed long.

The invention further relates to a combine harvester with a chop and an arched straw arranged above the chopper leader. The combine can be an axial flow Combine or around a combine with a straw shaker  act. The chopper can also be an attached chopper. In which Straw head organ is the straw head organ that described in DE-PS 28 15 936 and there as the rear guide organ is called. On DE-PS 28 15 936 is hereby out expressly referred; the content of DE-PS 28 15 936 hereby expressly included in the present application. The straw head is concave. It can be like a shovel Lich curved sheet metal. It can also be from one flat middle sheet and two flat side sheets builds. Furthermore, the straw guide element can be pivoted, preferably around a horizontal, transverse to the combine harvester drive direction, in the upper area or at the upper end of the Straw head goose provided axis. The straw guide can be on be attached to the rear combine wall.

The straw guide element is used to solve the above problem height adjustable and / or side adjustable. The adjustment possible slots can be realized.

The invention further relates to a straw guide the above type for a combine harvester and a straw guide device of the type specified above for a combine harvester.

Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the attached drawing explained in detail. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1 is an axial flow combine harvester in a view Seitenan,

Fig. 2 tenansicht the rear portion of the shown in Fig. 1 axial flow combine harvester in an enlarged Be,

Fig. 3 that, in FIGS. 1 and 2 shown Strohleit organ in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 2, ie substantially from above

Fig. 4, the Strohleitor shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 gan in the direction of arrow B in Fig. 2, that is substantially from the front,

Fig. 5 shows the area behind the rear end of the drum, so the central region of the combine harvester in accordance with Fig. 1, in an enlarged side view,

Fig. 6 shows the subject of FIG. 5 in a view from above,

Fig. 7 is a Fig. 6 illustration corresponding to an electric motor for driving the Leitvor the directions of the straw guide connecting coupling rod,

Fig. 8 is a group consisting of a hydraulic cylinder drive for the coupling rod,

Fig. 9 is a top of a cable with return spring Henden drive for the coupling rod,

Fig. 10 is a view of the straw guide from above in a FIGS. 6 and 7 corresponding depicting lung,

Bars Fig. 11 is a straw guide in Figs. 6, 7 and 10 corresponding representation with two coupling,

Fig. 12 is a straw guide in Figs. 6, 7, 10 and 11 corresponding top view with individually adjustable louvers

Fig. 13 is an enlarged side view of the central region of the combine with a chopper arranged between the rear end of the rotor and the Strohleitvor direction and

Fig. 14 is a combine harvester with a straw walkers and a chipper, in which a pivotable straw guide is disposed between the rear end of the straw shaker and the chopper, in a side view.

The axial flow mower shown in FIG. 1 in a side view has at its front end in the direction of combine travel 31 a grain cutter 32 for cutting off the straws standing on the field. This is followed by a feed organ 33 , at the rear end of which the cut crop is fed by a conveyor 34 to the front end 35 of the rotor 101 . The rotor 101 rotates about an axis 36 which extends in the direction of the combine harvester 31 in the direction of the combine harvester and is inclined in the rearward upward direction. The longitudinal rotor 101 threshes, separates and conveys the threshed material in a single operation. The threshed material leaves the rotor 101 in the region of its rear end 37 .

A conveyor screw 102 is arranged below the rotor 101 , which runs essentially parallel to the rotor axis of rotation 36 and which conveys the threshed grain onto the top sieve 103 and the bottom sieve 104 .

In the lower area of the rear end 37 of the rotor 101 there is a substantially horizontally extending, in the form of a bent or bent sheet metal, a combine chute discharge base 38 which extends to the rear (i.e. counter to the combine direction 31 ). In the material flow direction (i.e. opposite to the combine direction 31 ) behind the rear end 37 of the rotor 101 there is an ejection drum 107 , which is arranged around a horizontal axis 39 ( FIG. 5, which is transverse to the combine direction and above the discharge base 38) ) rotates. In the material flow direction behind the ejection drum 107 , a straw guide device 108 is arranged, which is seen on the top of the rear end of the chute 38 before.

Behind and below the straw guide 108 , a chopper 105 is arranged, which consists of a drum rotating about a horizontal axis running transversely to the combine direction of travel, on the outer circumference of which flail knives 120 are suspended in a pendulum manner, in the knife circle of which fixed counter-cutters 121 protrude . Behind the chopper 105 is a United distribution box 106 for distributing the chopper 105 leaving the chopped material.

Above the chopper 105 is a straw guide element 109 , which can also be referred to as a further straw guide device and which is arranged behind the straw guide device 108 and slightly above the latter. The straw guide member 109 is attached to the rear combine wall 40 .

The straw guide member 109 shown enlarged in FIGS . 2, 3 and 4 is essentially constructed and configured as the rear guide member shown and described in DE-PS 28 15 936. On DE-PS 28 15 936 reference is hereby expressly taken. The straw guide element 109 is concavely curved. It is conveniently conical or pyramid-shaped. In the exemplary embodiment, the straw guide element 109 consists of a plurality of triangular, interconnected metal sheets. The tips of the triangles meet at the upper end 41 of the straw guide goose 109 .

The straw guide element 109 is adjustable in the vertical direction 112 and in the horizontal direction 110 . For this purpose, the straw guide member 109 is fastened to a base plate 42 which has upper and lower horizontal straw holes 114 and 116 below the straw guide member 109 . In the combine rear wall 40 vertical slots 113 and 115 are seen at appropriate locations. The elongated holes 113 and 114 and the elongated holes 115 and 116 each form a cross. At the intersection of the elongated holes 113 and 114 and 115 and 116 , fastening elements not shown in the drawing, for example screw-nut connections, are provided. As a result, and through the elongated holes 113 to 116 , the straw guide member 109 can be adjusted and locked both vertically 112 and horizontally 110 .

In FIGS. 5 and 6 are enlarged scale, the rear end 37 of the rotor 101, the discharge drum and the straw guide 107 108, in the Fig. 5 from the side and in Fig. 6 from above. The rotor 101 rotates - viewed in the combine direction 31 - counterclockwise, that is "to the left" (see reference numeral 117 ). Due to this direction of rotation of the rotor 101, the threshed straw 118 does not leave the rotor 101 in a straight line, but diagonally (the movement of the threshed straw 118 has both a rotational speed component 117 and a straightforward speed component counter to the combine direction 31 ). Depending on the crop, harvesting conditions, moisture content, driving speed and machine condition, the direction of movement of the straw straw 118 is not constant, but can vary.

Since the speed of the straw 118 when leaving the rotor 101 is relatively slow, the straw is thrown into the rear area of the combine by the discharge drum 107 . From the throwing drum 107 rotates about the horizontal, transverse to the combine shear direction of travel 31 axis 39 , in such a way that the rotor blades 43 of the ejection drum 107 are moved in the area below half of the ejection drum axis of rotation 39 against the combine direction 31 (in the illustration of FIG. 5 in the counterclockwise direction). The discharge drum 107 is mounted in the side walls 122 and 123 of the combine harvester.

The straw thrown by the ejection drum 107 in the rear area of the combine is deflected by the movable straw guide member 109 , which is designed as a sheet metal hood, deflected to the right and / or left ( FIG. 3) and the chopper 105 ( FIG. 2).

The straw 118 leaving the discharge drum 107 enters the straw guide device 108 . This straw guiding device 108 consists of a plurality of guiding devices 44 , which are designed as vertical sheets provided with bends 45 at their lower end. The vertical sheets of the Leitvor devices 44 have on the entry side, that is, on the side of the throwing drum 107 and the rotor 101 facing side, oblique cuts 46 , which - starting from the discharge floor 38 - run in the rearward upward direction. Characterized in that the guide devices 44 are cut obliquely 46 in this way on the entry side, prevents straw from jamming in the entry area of the guide devices 44 .

The guide devices 44 are pivotable in their front region (ie at their end facing the ejection drum 107 ) axles 122 . The axes 122 are substantially vertical. They are formed by bolts which in the rear area of the discharge chute 38 protrude upwards and engage corresponding holes in the bends 45 of the guide devices 44 .

The guide devices 44 are connected to one another by a coupling rod 123 . The coupling rod 123 is in the side walls 122 , 123 of the combine slidably mounted, in a horizontal direction transverse to the combine direction 31 . It protrudes through the combine side walls 122 , 123 through, so that actuation from the outside is made possible. In order to enable a relative movement between the fixed parts of the combine discharge chute 38 ( FIG. 5) and the combine side walls 122 , 123 ( FIG. 6), in the angles 45 of the guide devices 44 in the combine direction 31 , that is longitudinal slots 125 ( Fig. 6) are provided. Instead of or in addition, this possibility of relative movement can also be provided in the combine side walls 122 , 123 , namely through the recesses 126 , 127 shown in FIG. 7 in the combine side walls 122 , 123 , the recesses 126 , 127 in the area where the coupling rod 123 passes through the sides of the combine 122 , 123 . In addition, other equivalent possibilities for the aforementioned relative movement are conceivable by laying the elongated holes in one of the other associated components (not shown in the drawing).

A remote control is provided for the coupling rod 123 , preferably from the cab of the combine harvester, in order to enable the straw guide device 108 to be adjusted during operation, preferably from the driver's seat. The adjustment of the straw guide device 108 is carried out by moving the coupling rod 123 in its longitudinal direction, that is, in a horizontal direction extending transversely to the combine direction 31 . As a result, the guide devices 44 are pivoted about their pivot points 122 and inclined.

The coupling rod 123 adjusting the straw guide device 108 can be driven in various ways. In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, an electric motor 136 with a linear drive is provided. Referring to FIG. 8, the coupling rod 123 may also be a - are moved hydraulic cylinder 137 - preferably double acting. In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, the coupling rod 123 is actuated by a cable pull 128 . The rope 128 is deflected around a roller 46 and guided to the cab of the combine harvester. It is Stigt 123 BEFE at one end of the connecting rod. At the other end of the coupling rod 123 , a tension spring 129 is attached as a return spring, the other end of which is firmly arranged in the combine.

In FIG. 7, a setting of the louvers 44 is shown to the left, according to the above-mentioned left rotating rotor 101, from 118 ejects the straw at the bottom right. By pivoted to the left guide devices 44 of FIG. 7, the rotation generated by the rotor 101 of the straw 118 is compensated.

FIG. 10 shows, in a representation corresponding to FIG. 7, an adjustment of the guide devices 44 to the right for a machine with a clockwise rotating rotor 101 .

In the embodiment of FIG. 11, two separately operable coupling rods 123 , 123 'are provided. The coupling rod is therefore divided. Through the left coupling rod 123 , the left group of guiding devices is actuated or pivoted, through the right coupling rod 123 ', the right group of guiding devices. In this way, a different setting possibility is created for the right group 130 and the left group 131 of guide devices.

The embodiment according to FIG. 12 shows a straw guide device 108 without a coupling rod. Here the guide devices 44 are individually adjustable. They are in the region of their rear, facing away from the pivot points 122 ends in slots 132 BEFE Stigt which are provided transversely in the ejection tray 38 in a direction towards the mowing drescher-direction 31st To compensate for the rotational movement about the pivot points 122 , elongated holes are also provided in the bends 45 of the guide devices 44 .

In the variant according to FIG. 13, the ejection drum 107 is replaced by a chopper 133 which is located between the rear end 37 of the rotor 101 and the straw guide device 108 above the throwing base 38 . The chopper 133 consists of a horizontal, transverse to the combine direction 31 duri fende axis 47 rotating drum, on the outer circumference Schle gelmesser 134 are provided, which are preferably suspended pendulum. Below and somewhat in front of the chopper axis of rotation 47 , fixed counter-knives 135 are arranged on the chute 38, which protrude upwards and extend into the knife circle 48 of the chopper 133 . The guiding device 108 is configured as described above.

Fig. 14 shows the rear of a combine harvester having straw walkers. 9 Arranged under the rear end of the straw walker 9 shown in FIG. 14 and somewhat behind this rear end is a chopper 5 which consists of a drum which rotates about a horizontal axis 49 which runs transversely to the combine direction 31 of travel. The Mähdre shear shown in Fig. 14 is described in DE-PS 35 28 538, to which express reference is hereby made. A feed opening 50 is formed between the fixed, inclined feed plate 4 and the knife circle 2 of the chopper 5 . Above the Einzugöff opening 50 immediately above the upper end of the feed plate 4 , a horizontal, transverse to the combine direction 31 duri fende pivot axis 7 is provided. A feed plate 8 is pivotally mounted about this pivot axis 7 . The pivot positions of the sheet 8 are limited by stops 11 and 13 . In the pivot position shown on the right in FIG. 14, the straw leaving the rear ends of the straw walkers 9 is fed through the straw guide plate 8 to the feed opening 50 of the chopper 5 . On the straw baffle 8 , a straw guide device 108 is arranged. This straw guide device 108 is configured as described above.

When the straw guide plate 8 is in the pivot position shown on the left in FIG. 14, the straw that leaves the straw walker 9 is directed past the chopper 5 and stored for a long time.

Claims (19)

1. axial flow combine with a rotor ( 101 ), characterized by, arranged behind the rotor ( 101 ) arranged straw guide device ( 108 ). 2. Combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that a chopper ( 105 , 5 ) is arranged behind the straw guide device ( 108 ). 3. Combine harvester according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a rotating ejection drum ( 107 ) is provided between the rotor ( 101 ) and the straw guide device ( 108 ). 4. Combine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the straw guide device ( 108 ) has a plurality of guide devices ( 44 ). 5. Combine harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide devices ( 44 ) are cut obliquely at the entry side (46). 6. Combine harvester according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the guide devices ( 44 ) are pivotable about an axis ( 122 ) preferably located in their front region. 7. Combine harvester according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide devices ( 44 ) are interconnected by a coupling rod ( 123 ). 8. Combine according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide devices ( 44 ) are connected to one another by a plurality of coupling rods ( 123 , 123 '). 9. Combine harvester according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the coupling rods ( 123 ; 123 , 123 ') are drivable ( 136 , 137 , 128 ). 10. Combine according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the guide devices ( 44 ) are individually adjustable ver. 11. Combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that a chopper ( 133 ) is arranged between the rotor ( 101 ) and the straw guide device ( 108 ). 12. Combine harvester according to claim 11, characterized in that the straw guide device ( 108 ) has the further features of one or more of claims 4 to 10. 13. Combine harvester with a straw shaker ( 9 ) and a chopper ( 5 ) arranged under the rear end of the straw shaker ( 9 ), characterized by an arranged between the rear end of the straw shaker ( 9 ) and the chopper ( 5 ), inclined to the chopper ( 5 ) running straw guide device ( 108 ). 14. Combine harvester according to claim 13, characterized in that the straw guide device ( 108 ) has the features of one or more of claims 4 to 10. 15. Combine harvester according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the straw guide device ( 108 ) on a ver pivotable (7) straw guide plate ( 8 ) is arranged. 16. Combine harvester with a chopper ( 133 , 5 ) and a curved straw guide member ( 109 ) arranged above the chopper ( 133 , 5 ), characterized in that the straw guide member ( 109 ) is height-adjustable ( 112 ) and / or laterally adjustable ( 110 ) . 17. Combine harvester according to claim 16, characterized by the further features of one or more of claims 1 to 15. 18. straw guide for a combine harvester, marked by the features of one or more of claims 1 to 17. 19. straw guiding device for a combine harvester, marked by the features of one or more of claims 1 to 17.