DE4218672C1 - Incineration of wastes contg. mercury - with addn. of chlorine source to improve fuel gas scrubbing - Google Patents

Incineration of wastes contg. mercury - with addn. of chlorine source to improve fuel gas scrubbing

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Publication number
DE4218672C1
DE4218672C1 DE19924218672 DE4218672A DE4218672C1 DE 4218672 C1 DE4218672 C1 DE 4218672C1 DE 19924218672 DE19924218672 DE 19924218672 DE 4218672 A DE4218672 A DE 4218672A DE 4218672 C1 DE4218672 C1 DE 4218672C1
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Prior art keywords
chlorine
mercury
waste
added
flue gas
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Expired - Fee Related
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DE19924218672
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German (de)
Inventor
Ulrich Dr.-Ing. 7500 Karlsruhe De Hochberg
Gregor Dipl.-Ing. 7505 Ettlingen De Klinke
Andreas Dr.-Ing. 7501 Marxzell De Koch
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GEA Wiegand GmbH
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GEA Wiegand GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

A process is claimed for incinerating wastes contg. Hg and/or Hg cpds and for scrubbing the resulting flue gas to remove Hg and/or Hg cpds. esp. where the flue gas has a low HCl content and a high SO2 content. The process is characterised in that Cl2 and/or Cl cpds. are added to the waste. Pref. the Cl cpds. are NaCl, CaCl2 and/or HCl. The Cl source is added by (a) adding an aq. soln. of the Cl source to the waste and drying the waste, (b) uniformly dispersing a solid Cl cpd. throughout the dry or dried waste, or (c) injecting Cl2 or a gaseous Cl cpd. into the waste during combustion. The amt. added is sufficient to increase the Cl level to 0.05-0.35 g/m3 of combustion air. USE/ADVANTAGE - The process is esp. applicable to sewage sludge. Addn. of the Cl source promotes formation of HgCl2, which is more readily removed by scrubbing than metallic Hg

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Quecksilber und/oder Quecksilberverbindungen enthaltendem Abfall, insbesondere Klärschlamm, und zum Auswaschen von Quecksilber und/oder Quecksilberverbindungen aus bei dem Verbrennen entstehendem Rauchgas, insbesondere Rauchgas mit niedrigem HCl- und hohem SO2-Gehalt.The invention relates to a method for burning mercury and / or mercury-containing waste, in particular sewage sludge, and for washing out mercury and / or mercury compounds from flue gas formed during the combustion, in particular flue gas with low HCl and high SO 2 content.

Bei der Verbrennung von Abfall, insbesondere fester Abfall­ stoffe wie Müll und Klärschlamm, werden gasförmige Schad­ stoffe wie Chlorwasserstoff (HCl), Schwefeldioxid (SO2) und Quecksilber (Hg) freigesetzt. Quecksilber tritt dabei in drei Konfigurationen auf, nämlich als Hg(II) = ionisches, zweiwertiges Quecksilber, Hg(I) = ionisches, einwertiges Quecksilber, Hg(O) = metallisches Quecksilber. Aus dem Abgas einer solchen Verbrennung, dem Rauchgas, kann metalli­ sches Quecksilber Hg(O) durch eine Abgaswäsche nicht ohne weiteres abgeschieden werden. Eine Abscheidung ist jedoch möglich, wenn das Quecksilber in ionischer Form, möglichst als Hg(II), vorliegt.When waste is burned, especially solid waste such as waste and sewage sludge, gaseous pollutants such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and mercury (Hg) are released. Mercury occurs in three configurations, namely as Hg (II) = ionic, divalent mercury, Hg (I) = ionic, monovalent mercury, Hg (O) = metallic mercury. Metallic mercury Hg (O) cannot be easily separated from the exhaust gas from such a combustion, the flue gas, by scrubbing the exhaust gas. However, deposition is possible if the mercury is in ionic form, preferably as Hg (II).

Die Bildung von ionischem Quecksilber aus metallischem Quecksilber wird bei der Verbrennung durch Anwesenheit von Chlorionen Cl⁻ begünstigt, weil sich dann bei der Verbren­ nung gasförmiges Quecksilber HgCl2 bildet, das sehr gut in einem Wäscher abgeschieden werden kann.The formation of ionic mercury from metallic mercury is favored in the combustion by the presence of chlorine ions Cl⁻, because then gaseous mercury HgCl 2 forms during combustion, which can be separated very well in a washer.

Ungünstig für die Abscheidung von metallischem Quecksilber­ ist die Anwesenheit von Schwefeldioxid (SO2) im Rauchgas: Durch SO2 wird bei der Verbrennung nicht nur das Hg(O) vor einer Ionisierung bewahrt, sondern sogar die Bildung von metallischem Quecksilber Hg(O) begünstigt. Im Wäscher wirkt sich das SO2 ebenfalls ungünstig aus: Es reduziert ionisches Quecksilber Hg(II) zu Hg(I), das in Hg(O) und Hg(II) disproportioniert. Das Hg(O) tritt dann sogar mit dem (angeblichen) Reingas aus dem Wäscher aus.The presence of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the flue gas is unfavorable for the separation of metallic mercury: SO 2 not only prevents Hg (O) from being ionized during combustion, but also promotes the formation of metallic mercury Hg (O) . SO 2 also has an unfavorable effect in the scrubber: it reduces ionic mercury Hg (II) to Hg (I), which disproportionates in Hg (O) and Hg (II). The Hg (O) then even exits the scrubber with the (alleged) clean gas.

Besonders bei der Verbrennung von Klärschlamm treten häufig solche ungünstigen Verhältnisse auf: im Rauchgas ist wenig HCl enthalten, jedoch viel SO2. Die Folge ist, daß bei der Verbrennung relativ viel metallisches Quecksilber Hg(O) entsteht, das im Wäscher noch vermehrt wird. Die Ab­ scheidung des gesamten Quecksilbers ist daher nur sehr un­ vollständig.Such inconveniences often occur when sewage sludge is burned: there is little HCl in the flue gas, but a lot of SO 2 . The result is that the combustion produces a relatively large amount of metallic mercury Hg (O), which is still increased in the scrubber. The separation of the entire mercury is therefore only very incomplete.

Aus der DE 40 02 258 A1 ist es bekannt, Quecksilber in Abgasen nach Kondensierung mittels einer Feststoff-Versatz­ anlage in homogene, druckfeste und wasserundurchlässige, transportable Feststoff-Versatzblöcke einzubinden.DE 40 02 258 A1 discloses mercury in Exhaust gases after condensation using a solid offset system in homogeneous, pressure-resistant and waterproof, to integrate transportable solid stagger blocks.

Aus dem DE-GB 82 33 235 ist es bekannt, Quecksilber aus anorganischen Abfällen in einer heizbaren Vakuumkammer zu behandeln und dann in einem Kühlgefäß zu kondensieren, das in einer Vakuumkammer abdestilliert wird.It is known from DE-GB 82 33 235 mercury inorganic waste in a heatable vacuum chamber to treat and then condense in a cooling vessel, which is distilled off in a vacuum chamber.

Durch Kondensation von Quecksilber aus Abgasen gelingt es nicht, den Quecksilbergehalt in den Abgasen unter die Grenz­ werte der TA-Luft zu mindern. Hierzu ist der Partialdruck von Quecksilber bei den üblichen Kondensationstemperaturen zu hoch. Eine Abkühlung auf eine Temperatur, bei der der Partialdruck niedrig genug wäre, d. h. auf eine Temperatur weit unter 0°C, ist technisch außerordentlich aufwendig und kostspielig.Condensation of mercury from exhaust gases makes it possible not, the mercury content in the exhaust gases below the limit to reduce TA-Luft values. This is the partial pressure of mercury at the usual condensation temperatures too high. A cooling to a temperature at which the Partial pressure would be low enough, d. H. to a temperature far below 0 ° C, is technically extremely complex and expensive.

Um die Abscheidung von Gesamtquecksilber möglichst stark zu erhöhen, ist das eingangs genannte Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Abfall Chlor und/oder Chlorver­ bindungen zugegeben werden.To make the separation of total mercury as strong as possible to increase the method mentioned at the outset characterized in that the waste chlorine and / or chlorine ver bindings are added.

Wird der Abfall vor dem Verbrennen getrocknet, so kann es besonders günstig sein, daß Chlorverbindungen dem Abfall vor dem Trocknen in wäßriger Lösung gleichmäßig verteilt zugegeben werden.If the waste is dried before incineration, it can be particularly favorable that chlorine compounds waste  evenly distributed before drying in aqueous solution be added.

Bevorzugt man die Zugabe von festen Chlorverbindungen, so ist das Verfahren bevorzugt dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß trockenem oder getrocknetem Abfall vor dem Verbrennen feste Chlorverbindungen gleichmäßig verteilt zugegeben werden.It is preferred to add solid chlorine compounds, see above the method is preferably characterized in that dry or dried waste before incineration solid chlorine compounds added evenly distributed will.

Bevorzugt man die Zugabe von gasförmigem Chlor, so ist das Verfahren bevorzugt dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Ab­ fall beim Verbrennen Chlorgas und/oder gasförmige Chlor­ verbindungen gleichmäßig verteilt zugegeben werden.If you prefer the addition of gaseous chlorine, it is Process preferably characterized in that the Ab Fall when burning chlorine gas and / or gaseous chlorine connections are added evenly distributed.

Diese Maßnahmen können auch kombiniert werden.These measures can also be combined.

Aus Kostengründen hat sich als Chlorverbindungen NaCl oder CaCl2 und/oder HCl bewährt. For reasons of cost, NaCl or CaCl 2 and / or HCl has proven to be the chlorine compound.

Es hat sich als ausreichend erwiesen, wenn die durch die Zugabe des Chlors und/oder der Chlorverbindungen bedingte Erhöhung des Chloranteils bei-der Verbrennung 0,05 bis 0,35 g pro Normkubikmeter Verbrennungsluft beträgt.It has proven to be sufficient if the through the Addition of the chlorine and / or the chlorine compounds conditional Increase in the proportion of chlorine during combustion 0.05 to 0.35 g per standard cubic meter of combustion air.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird im folgenden an einem Ausführungsbeispiel unter Hinweis auf die Zeichnung beschrieben, in der eine Anlage zur Verbrennung von Klärschlamm skizziert ist.The method according to the invention is described in the following Embodiment with reference to the Drawing described in a plant for combustion is outlined by sewage sludge.

Der Klärschlamm wird in einer Zentrifuge 2 entwässert und als Dickschlamm A einem Trockner 4 über eine Leitung 6 zugeführt. In die Leitung 6 wird über eine Leitung 8 eine wäßrige Lösung von NaCl oder Cl2X so eingeführt, daß sie sich im Dickschlamm A gleichmäßig verteilt. (Das ist die eine Alternative.)The sewage sludge is dewatered in a centrifuge 2 and fed as a thick sludge A to a dryer 4 via a line 6 . An aqueous solution of NaCl or Cl 2 X is introduced into line 6 via line 8 so that it is distributed evenly in thick sludge A. (This is an alternative.)

Aus dem Trockner 4 gelangt der getrocknete Dickschlamm At über eine Leitung 10 in einen Verbrennungsofen 12. Der Leitung 10 wird über eine Leitung 14 trockenes NaCl oder Cl2Y so zugeführt, daß es sich im getrockneten Dick­ schlamm At möglichst gleichmäßig verteilt. (Das ist die zweite Alternative.) Dem Verbrennungsofen 12 wird über eine Leitung 16 Chlorgas oder HCl-Gas Z zusammen oder getrennt mit der Verbrennungsluft zugeführt. (Das ist die dritte Alternative.)The dried thick sludge A t passes from the dryer 4 into a combustion furnace 12 via a line 10 . The line 10 is fed via a line 14 dry NaCl or Cl 2 Y so that it is distributed as evenly as possible in the dried thick sludge A t . (This is the second alternative.) Chlorine gas or HCl gas Z is fed to the combustion furnace 12 via a line 16 together or separately with the combustion air. (This is the third alternative.)

Aus dem Verbrennungsofen 12 gelangt das Rauchgas durch einen der Energieverwertung dienenden Dampferzeuger 18 und ein der Abscheidung von Partikeln dienendes Elektrofilter 20 nacheinander über Leitungen 22, 24, 26 und 28 in einen Säurewäscher 30 und einen alkalischen Wäscher 32.The flue gas passes from the incinerator 12 through a steam generator 18 serving for energy utilization and an electrostatic filter 20 serving for the separation of particles in succession via lines 22 , 24 , 26 and 28 into an acid scrubber 30 and an alkaline scrubber 32 .

Der Säurewäscher wird über eine Leitung 34 mit Frischwasser C gespeist und Abwasser D wird aus ihm mittels einer Lei­ tung 36 abgeführt. The acid scrubber is fed with fresh water C via a line 34 and waste water D is removed from it by means of a line 36 .

Dem alkalischen Wäscher 32 wird über eine Leitung 38 mit NaOH alkalisch gemachtes Wasser E zugeführt und aus ihm Abwasser F aus einer Leitung 40 abgeführt. Reingas B tritt aus dem alkalischen Wäscher 32 über eine Leitung 42 aus.Water E made alkaline with NaOH is fed to the alkaline scrubber 32 via a line 38 and wastewater F is discharged from it from a line 40 . Clean gas B emerges from the alkaline scrubber 32 via a line 42 .

In dieser Anlage wird der Mangel an Chlorionen im Klär­ schlamm (die in Form von Chloriden vorliegen) durch Chlo­ ridzugabe über wenigstens eine der Leitungen 8, 14, 16 ausgeglichen. Entscheidend ist dabei eine gute Vermischung der Chloride mit dem Verbrennungsgut während der Ver­ brennung.In this plant, the lack of chlorine ions in the sewage sludge (which are in the form of chlorides) is compensated for by adding chlorine via at least one of the lines 8 , 14 , 16 . The decisive factor here is a good mixing of the chlorides with the combustion material during combustion.

Durch die Chloridzuführung wird einerseits die Bildung von HgCl2 bei der Verbrennung stark gefördert, andererseits steigt der HCl-Gehalt im Rauchgas an. Entsprechendes gilt auch für die SO2-Entfernung, die im wesentlichen im alka­ lischen Wäscher 32 erfolgt.The addition of chloride greatly promotes the formation of HgCl 2 during combustion, on the other hand the HCl content in the flue gas increases. The same applies to the SO 2 removal, which takes place essentially in the alkaline scrubber 32 .

Claims (6)

1. Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Quecksilber und/oder Queck­ silberverbindungen enthaltendem Abfall, insbesondere Klär­ schlamm, und zum Auswaschen von Quecksilber und/oder Queck­ silberverbindungen aus bei dem Verbrennen entstehendem Rauchgas, insbesondere Rauchgas mit niedrigem HCl- und hohem SO2-Gehalt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Abfall Chlor und/oder Chlorverbindungen zugegeben werden.1. A method for burning mercury and / or mercury-containing waste, in particular sewage sludge, and for washing out mercury and / or mercury compounds from flue gas resulting from the combustion, in particular flue gas with low HCl and high SO 2 content, thereby characterized in that chlorine and / or chlorine compounds are added to the waste. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Abfall vor dem Verbrennen getrocknet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Chlorverbindungen dem Abfall vor dem Trocknen in wäßriger Lösung gleichmäßig verteilt zugegeben werden. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste before Burning is dried, characterized in that Chlorine compounds the waste before drying in aqueous Solution are added evenly distributed.   3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß trockenem oder getrocknetem Abfall vor dem Ver­ brennen feste Chlorverbindungen gleichmäßig verteilt zu­ gegeben werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized net that dry or dried waste before Ver solid chlorine compounds burn evenly distributed are given. 4. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, da­ durch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Abfall beim Verbrennen Chlorgas und/oder gasförmige Chlorverbindungen gleich­ mäßig verteilt zugegeben werden.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the waste upon burning Chlorine gas and / or gaseous chlorine compounds the same be added moderately distributed. 5. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Chlorverbindungen NaCl und/oder CaCl2 und/oder HCl verwendet werden.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that NaCl and / or CaCl 2 and / or HCl are used as chlorine compounds. 6. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, da­ durch gekennzeichnet, daß die durch die Zugabe des Chlors und/oder der Chlorverbindungen bedingte Erhöhung des Chloranteils bei der Verbrennung 0,05 bis 0,35 g pro Normkubikmeter Verbrennungsluft beträgt.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that by the addition of the Chlorine and / or the chlorine-related increase the chlorine content during combustion is 0.05 to 0.35 g per standard cubic meter of combustion air.
DE19924218672 1992-06-05 1992-06-05 Incineration of wastes contg. mercury - with addn. of chlorine source to improve fuel gas scrubbing Expired - Fee Related DE4218672C1 (en)

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4422661A1 (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-04 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Continuous removal of mercury from flue gases to a prescribed level
EP0860197A1 (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-08-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Process for treating exhaust gas and exhaust gas treating equipment
DE10233173A1 (en) * 2002-07-22 2004-02-12 Bayer Ag Method for separating mercury from flue gases
US6878358B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2005-04-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for removing mercury from flue gases
DE102004059935A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2006-06-14 BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Process for the separation of heavy metals from sewage sludge ash
EP1800734A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Mercury removal system and mercury removal process
US7622092B2 (en) 2006-12-07 2009-11-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method and device for removing mercury
US8124036B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2012-02-28 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US8372362B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2013-02-12 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
US8383071B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2013-02-26 Ada Environmental Solutions, Llc Process for dilute phase injection of dry alkaline materials
US8496894B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2013-07-30 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
US8524179B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2013-09-03 ADA-ES, Inc. Hot-side method and system
US8784757B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2014-07-22 ADA-ES, Inc. Air treatment process for dilute phase injection of dry alkaline materials
US8883099B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2014-11-11 ADA-ES, Inc. Control of wet scrubber oxidation inhibitor and byproduct recovery
US8951487B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2015-02-10 ADA-ES, Inc. Hot-side method and system
US8974756B2 (en) 2012-07-25 2015-03-10 ADA-ES, Inc. Process to enhance mixing of dry sorbents and flue gas for air pollution control
US9017452B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2015-04-28 ADA-ES, Inc. System and method for dense phase sorbent injection
US9669351B2 (en) 2003-06-03 2017-06-06 General Electric Technology Gmbh Removal of mercury emissions
US10350545B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2019-07-16 ADA-ES, Inc. Low pressure drop static mixing system
US10465137B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2019-11-05 Ada Es, Inc. Process to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and mercury from coal-fired boilers
US10589292B2 (en) 2013-08-16 2020-03-17 ADA-ES, Inc. Method to reduce mercury, acid gas, and particulate emissions
US10767130B2 (en) 2012-08-10 2020-09-08 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and additive for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions
US11298657B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2022-04-12 ADA-ES, Inc. Hot-side method and system

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Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4422661A1 (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-04 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Continuous removal of mercury from flue gases to a prescribed level
EP0860197A1 (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-08-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Process for treating exhaust gas and exhaust gas treating equipment
USRE47980E1 (en) 2002-07-22 2020-05-12 Bromerc Limited Process for removing mercury from flue gases
DE10233173A1 (en) * 2002-07-22 2004-02-12 Bayer Ag Method for separating mercury from flue gases
US6878358B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2005-04-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for removing mercury from flue gases
DE10233173B4 (en) * 2002-07-22 2006-03-23 Bayer Industry Services Gmbh & Co. Ohg Method for separating mercury from flue gases
US9669351B2 (en) 2003-06-03 2017-06-06 General Electric Technology Gmbh Removal of mercury emissions
EP1669467A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2006-06-14 BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Process of removal of heavy metals from incinerated sewage sludge
DE102004059935A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2006-06-14 BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Process for the separation of heavy metals from sewage sludge ash
US8124036B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2012-02-28 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US8293196B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2012-10-23 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US7544338B2 (en) 2005-12-21 2009-06-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Mercury removal system and mercury removal process
EP1800734A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Mercury removal system and mercury removal process
US7622092B2 (en) 2006-12-07 2009-11-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method and device for removing mercury
US9221013B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2015-12-29 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
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