DE3616857A1 - Rotating artificial heart - Google Patents

Rotating artificial heart

Info

Publication number
DE3616857A1
DE3616857A1 DE19863616857 DE3616857A DE3616857A1 DE 3616857 A1 DE3616857 A1 DE 3616857A1 DE 19863616857 DE19863616857 DE 19863616857 DE 3616857 A DE3616857 A DE 3616857A DE 3616857 A1 DE3616857 A1 DE 3616857A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
artificial heart
heart according
artificial
patient
chest wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19863616857
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Hans Georg Foeller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19863616857 priority Critical patent/DE3616857A1/en
Publication of DE3616857A1 publication Critical patent/DE3616857A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/419—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being permanent magnetic, e.g. from a rotating magnetic coupling between driving and driven magnets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/196—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body replacing the entire heart, e.g. total artificial hearts [TAH]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/226—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly radial components
    • A61M60/232—Centrifugal pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/408—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/50—Details relating to control
    • A61M60/508—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation
    • A61M60/562—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation for making blood flow pulsatile in blood pumps that do not intrinsically create pulsatile flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/871—Energy supply devices; Converters therefor
    • A61M60/882—Devices powered by the patient, e.g. skeletal muscle powered devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

Published without abstract.

Description

Aus Veröffentlichungen in der Presse geht hervor, daß mehrere Professoren und Institute in aller Welt an der Entwicklung künstlicher Herzen arbeiten. Das gemeinsame Kennzeichen der bisher bekanntgewordenen Systeme ist die merkwürdige Tatsache, daß versucht wird, die natürliche Bauform des menschlichen Herzens technisch nachzubilden - mit 2 elastischen Pumpkammern und Ventilen (Herzklappen). Dabei stößt man auf technische Schwierigkeiten weil Kunststoffe das Pumpen der elastischen Wände auf die Dauer nicht auszuhalten scheinen. Noch schwer­ wiegender ist die Tatsache, daß zum Antrieb der Kunstherzen dicke Druckschläuche durch die Brustwand hindurch operiert werden müssen. Das erzeugt Undichtigkeiten und Infektionen. Dazu kommt die Erschwernis des vom Patienten mitzuführenden, sehr umfangreichen Antriebsaggregates, das sich kaum minia­ turisieren läßt.Publications in the press indicate that several Professors and institutes around the world in development artificial hearts. The common hallmark of systems known so far is the strange fact that it tries the natural design of the human Technically simulated with a heart - with 2 elastic pumping chambers and valves (heart valves). You come across technical ones Difficulties because plastics are pumping the elastic Walls don't seem to endure in the long run. Still difficult more important is the fact that to drive the artificial heart thick pressure hoses operated through the chest wall Need to become. This creates leaks and infections. Added to this is the difficulty of the patient's very extensive drive unit that is hardly minia can be turized.

Nun ist es eine bekannte Tatsache, daß die Evolution keine Räder hervorgebracht hat, denn alle Bewegungen im Bereiche des Lebendigen sind thythmischer Art weil rotierende Organe schwer zu ernähren sind. Aber wir Menschen machen von Rädern erfolgreich Gebrauch und haben es nicht nötig, die "Notlösung" der Natur sklavisch nachzuahmen.Now it is a known fact that evolution is not Has produced wheels because all movements in the area of the living are rhythmic because rotating organs are difficult to feed. But we humans make wheels successful use and do not need the "emergency solution" imitating nature slavishly.

Die Idee der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht daher in der Ver­ wendung einer doppelt wirksamen Kreiselpumpe. Diese Technik ist millionenfach bewährt, ist viel einfacher und sicherer als das natürliche Herz, schon deshalb, weil keine Ventile (Herz­ klappen) erforderlich sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, daß ein starres, nicht pulsierendes Gehäuse möglich ist weil keine Impulse sondern eine einfache Rotation zum Antrieb dient. Zu diesem Zweck wird erfindungsgemäß auf der Außenfläche der Brust ein flacher Elektromotor angeordnet. Die Kraftübertragung in den Körper des Patienten hinein geschieht erfindungsgemäß durch eine, durch die Brustwand hindurch wirkende Magnetkupplung. Zuleitungen zum Kunstherzen fallen weg.The idea of the present invention is therefore in Ver using a double-acting centrifugal pump. This technique has been tried and tested millions of times, is much easier and safer than the natural heart, if only because no valves (heart fold) are required. Another advantage is that a rigid, non-pulsating housing is possible because none Pulses but a simple rotation serves to drive. For this purpose, according to the invention, the Chest arranged a flat electric motor. The power transmission into the patient's body happens according to the invention through a magnetic coupling acting through the chest wall. No leads to the artificial heart.

Die erwähnten flachen Gleichstrom-Motoren sind handelsüblich und haben als Rotor eine gedruckte, eisenlose Scheibe. Das hat den Vorteil eines hohen Wirkungsgrades durch den Wegfall der Eisenverluste und ferner den Vorteil einer strengen Propor­ tionalität zwischen angelegter Spannung und Drehzahl. Es ist so möglich, mit elektronischen Mitteln die Drehzahl und damit die Pumpleistung dem jeweiligen Bedarf des Körpers anzupassen, z. B. in Abhängigkeit vom Sauerstoffgehalt des Blutes. Die extrem kleine Masse des Antriebes gestattet es ferner, die Drehzahl periodisch pendeln zu lassen, z. B. mit etwa 70 Schwankungen pro Minute, um den Puls zu simulieren.The flat DC motors mentioned are commercially available and have a printed, ironless disc as rotor. The  has the advantage of high efficiency due to the elimination the iron loss and furthermore the advantage of a strict proportion functionality between applied voltage and speed. It is so possible with electronic means the speed and thus the Adapt pumping power to the respective needs of the body, e.g. B. depending on the oxygen content of the blood. The extreme small mass of the drive also allows the speed to periodically commute, e.g. B. with about 70 fluctuations per minute to simulate the pulse.

Um Wirbelbildungen innerhalb der beiden Pumpen zu vermeiden, müssen die Schaufelräder und Innengehäuse den Gesetzen der Strömung nachgebildet werden, was in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt ist. Schließlich sei noch auf die lebensrettende Möglichkeit hingewiesen, daß der Patient sich bei Ausfall der Stromversorgung mit Hilfe einer Drehkurbel selbst helfen kann bis Ersatz da ist. Ob für die ansteckbare Kurbel eine Über­ setzung nötig ist, sei dahingestellt aber erwähnt. Die Leistungs­ aufnahme des menschlichen Herzens liegt bei etwa 6 Watt. Ein mitzuführender Akku mit 12 V und 18 Ah würde für etwa 24 Stunden ausreichen. - Eine elegantere Möglichkeit wäre es natürlich, die Körperwärme des Patienten mittels Thermoelementen zur Stromerzeugung zu nutzen und ihn so völlig unabhängig und frei beweglich zu machen, was bei den bisher bekanntgewordenen Kunstherzen unmöglich erscheint.To avoid vortex formation within the two pumps, The paddle wheels and inner casing must comply with the laws of the Flow can be reproduced, which is not in the drawing is shown. Finally, be on the life-saving Possibility pointed out that the patient in case of failure of the Power supply using a crank handle can help yourself until there is a replacement. Whether for the attachable crank an over setting is necessary, but it should be mentioned. The performance absorption of the human heart is around 6 watts. A The 12 V and 18 Ah battery to be carried would last for about 24 hours suffice. - Of course, a more elegant option would be the patient's body heat using thermocouples To use electricity generation and thus completely independent and free to make it movable, what has become known so far Artificial hearts seems impossible.

In der Zeichnung ist das Prinzip schematisch ver­ einfacht dargestellt unter Weglassung der biologischen Einzel­ heiten. Es bedeutet darin:In the drawing, the principle is schematically ver simply represented with the omission of the biological individual units. It means:

a linke Herzkammer
b linkes Schaufelrad
c rechte Herzkammer
d rechtes Schaufelrad
e Blutzufuhr links
f Blutabfluß links
g Blutzufluß rechts
h Blutabfluß rechts
i Polrad der Magnetkupplung mit permanenten Magneten, innen
k Haltestern für die Magneten
l Polrad der Magnetkupplung außen
m Achse des Antriebsaggregates
n Rotorscheibe des Elektromotors
o Gehäuse des Antriebsteiles
p Bürsten des Motors
q Kurbel a left ventricle
b Left paddle wheel
c right ventricle
d right paddle wheel
e Left blood supply
f Left blood drain
g Right blood flow
h Right blood drain
i Magnetic clutch magnet wheel with permanent magnets, inside
k holding star for the magnets
l Magnetic coupling magnet wheel outside
m axis of the drive unit
n Rotor disc of the electric motor
o Drive part housing
p Brushing the motor
q crank

Claims (10)

1. Kunstherz, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus einer doppelt wirksamen Kreiselpumpe besteht.1. artificial heart, characterized in that it consists of a double-acting centrifugal pump. 2. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beide Kammern über eine gemeinsame Antriebsachse verfügen.2. artificial heart according to claim 1, characterized in that both chambers have a common drive axle. 3. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der gemeinsamen Pumpenwelle eine Kupplungsscheibe angeordnet ist, die auf ihrem Umfang mit mehreren perma­ nenten Magneten bestückt ist.3. artificial heart according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that on the common pump shaft a clutch disc is arranged on its circumference with several perma nent magnets. 4. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magnetfelder der Kupplungsscheibe die Brustwand des Patienten durchdringen und im magnetischen Eingriff mit einer ebensolchen Scheibe stehen, die außerhalb des Körpers aufliegt.4. artificial heart according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetic fields of the clutch disc hit the chest wall penetrate the patient and in magnetic intervention with the same disk that is outside the Body rests. 5. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Zentriervorrichtung zwischen den beiden Kupplungen die Brustwand durchdringt.5. artificial heart according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that a centering device between the two clutches penetrates the chest wall. 6. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, daß die äußere Kupplung von einem flachen Gleichstrommotor angetrieben wird, dessen Rotor die Gestalt einer eisenlosen Scheibe hat.6. artificial heart according to claim 1 to 5, that the outer coupling is powered by a flat DC motor whose rotor has the shape of an ironless disc. 7. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Motordrehzahl und damit die Herzleistung durch eine elektronische Spannungsregelung der jeweiligen Bedarf­ lage angepaßt wird.7. artificial heart according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the engine speed and thus the cardiac output by an electronic voltage control of the respective need location is adjusted. 8. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch eine künstliche Pendelung der Motordrehzahl der Puls simuliert wird.8. artificial heart according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that by an artificial oscillation of the engine speed Pulse is simulated. 9. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für Notfälle eine Handkurbel vorgesehen wird.9. artificial heart according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that a hand crank is provided for emergencies. 10. Kunstherz nach Anspruch 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Stromquelle Thermoelemente dienen, welche durch die Körperwärme des Patienten erregt werden.10. artificial heart according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that serve as a current source thermocouples, which by the Body heat of the patient are excited.
DE19863616857 1986-05-20 1986-05-20 Rotating artificial heart Withdrawn DE3616857A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863616857 DE3616857A1 (en) 1986-05-20 1986-05-20 Rotating artificial heart

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863616857 DE3616857A1 (en) 1986-05-20 1986-05-20 Rotating artificial heart

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3616857A1 true DE3616857A1 (en) 1987-12-03

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ID=6301179

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19863616857 Withdrawn DE3616857A1 (en) 1986-05-20 1986-05-20 Rotating artificial heart

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3616857A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4430853A1 (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-03-07 Jostra Medizintechnik Centrifugal blood pump
CN114099941A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-01 北京航天长峰股份有限公司 Portable extracorporeal circulation system
US11674517B2 (en) 2007-02-27 2023-06-13 Miracor Medical Sa Device to assist the performance of a heart

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4430853A1 (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-03-07 Jostra Medizintechnik Centrifugal blood pump
US11674517B2 (en) 2007-02-27 2023-06-13 Miracor Medical Sa Device to assist the performance of a heart
US11754077B1 (en) 2007-02-27 2023-09-12 Miracor Medical Sa Device to assist the performance of a heart
CN114099941A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-01 北京航天长峰股份有限公司 Portable extracorporeal circulation system
CN114099941B (en) * 2021-12-01 2023-08-29 北京航天长峰股份有限公司 Portable extracorporeal circulation system

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