DE3446816A1 - OPTICAL COUPLER - Google Patents

OPTICAL COUPLER

Info

Publication number
DE3446816A1
DE3446816A1 DE19843446816 DE3446816A DE3446816A1 DE 3446816 A1 DE3446816 A1 DE 3446816A1 DE 19843446816 DE19843446816 DE 19843446816 DE 3446816 A DE3446816 A DE 3446816A DE 3446816 A1 DE3446816 A1 DE 3446816A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
light
optical
fiber optic
optical coupler
refractive index
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19843446816
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Wilhelm Dipl.-Ing. 7147 Nußdorf Köster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG filed Critical Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG
Priority to DE19843446816 priority Critical patent/DE3446816A1/en
Priority to GB08529876A priority patent/GB2168825B/en
Publication of DE3446816A1 publication Critical patent/DE3446816A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
    • G02B6/2558—Reinforcement of splice joint
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
    • G02B6/03611—Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
    • G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
    • G02B6/2835—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals formed or shaped by thermal treatment, e.g. couplers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
    • G02B6/29332—Wavelength selective couplers, i.e. based on evanescent coupling between light guides, e.g. fused fibre couplers with transverse coupling between fibres having different propagation constant wavelength dependency

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Description

. 3-. 3-

Opti scher Kopp LerOptical Kopp Ler

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen optischen Koppler gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein derartiger Koppler ist aus der EP-A-0079196 bekannt, über die Eigenschaften der verwendeten Monomodefasern ist dort nichts ausgesagt, jedoch sind Zusammenhänge zwischen der geometrischen Anordnung der Lichtwellenleiter zueinander und dem überkoppeln von Licht von einer ersten Monomodefaser zu einer zweiten beschrieben.The invention relates to an optical coupler according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a coupler Coupler is known from EP-A-0079196, about the Properties of the single mode fibers used is there nothing is stated, but there are connections between the geometric arrangement of the optical waveguides to each other and coupling light from a first single mode fiber to a second described.

Die Funktionsweise eines Kopplers beruht darauf, daß die Wechse Iwirkungslänge (i. e. die Länge auf der sich die Kerne der Lichtwellenleiter innerhalb des evaneszenten Feldes des im jeweils anderen Lichtwellenleiter vorhandenen Lichtes befindet) ein gerades Vielfaches der Koppellänge (i. e. die minimale WechseIwirkungslänge, die erforderlich ist um Licht einer bestimmten Wellen-The functioning of a coupler is based on the fact that the Change the effective length (i.e. the length on which the Cores of the fiber optic cables within the evanescent Field of the existing in the other optical fiber Light is located) an even multiple of the coupling length (i.e. the minimum interaction length, which is required to generate light of a certain wave

ZT/Pi-Jt/R, 13.12.1984 ./.ZT / Pi-Jt / R, 13.12.1984 ./.

-V--V-

länge zu 100 % aus dem ersten LichtweLLenLei ter in den zweiten überzukoppeln) sein muß um einen KoppLungsfaktor NuLL (d. h. das Licht koppeLt nicht in den anderen Lichtwe LLenLeiter über) zu erhaLten. Bei einem ungeraden Vielfachen ist der Kopplungsfaktor Eins (d. h. das Licht wird zu 100 % übergekoppeLt) . Werden derartige Koppler als (De-)MuLtiρLexer für Licht unterschied Li eher WelLenlä'ngen verwendet, so besitzt ein Koppler mit größerer WechseLwirkungs länge als ein vergleichbarer Koppler eine höhere We Llenlängenselektivität.100% length from the first fiber optic cable into the second overcoupling) must be around a coupling factor NuLL (i.e. the light does not couple over into the other light waveguide). For an odd one Multiples is the coupling factor unity (i.e. the light is 100% coupled over). Will such couplers as a (de) multi-lexer for light, Li tended to distinguish between wavelengths is used, a coupler with a greater interaction length than a comparable coupler has a higher shaft length selectivity.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung einen KoppLer anzugeben der in einem größeren We IlenLängenbereich als bekannte KoppLer als (De-)MuLtiρLexer mit großer Selektivität verwendet werden kann.It is the object of the invention to specify a coupler in a larger wave length range than known KoppLer as a (de) multi-lexer with great selectivity can be used.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 genannten Mittel gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.This object is achieved by those mentioned in claim 1 Means solved. Advantageous refinements are in the Contain subclaims.

Die Erfindung besitzt den Vorteil, daß die geforderte We I LenLängenselektivität bei gegenüber den bekannten Kopplern vergleichsweise geringer Wechse lwirkungsLänge erreicht wird. Dadurch wird die Herstellung des KoppLers vereinfacht.The invention has the advantage that the required We I Len length selectivity compared to the known Couplers comparatively short interaction length is achieved. This simplifies the manufacture of the coupler.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Weitere Ausführungen sind in der Beschreibung enthalten.The invention is explained below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment explained. Further versions are included in the description.

ZT/PI-Jt/R, 13.12.1984 ./.ZT / PI-Jt / R, 13.12.1984 ./.

Es zeigt:It shows:

Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Koppler1 shows a coupler according to the invention

Fig. 2 ein BrechzahLprofiL eines im Koppler verwendeten Lichtwellenleiters.Fig. 2 is a refractive index profile of one used in the coupler Optical fiber.

Der Koppler nach Fig. 1 besteht aus zwei Lichtwellenleitern 1, 2, die auf einer gewissen Länge seitlich aneinander geschmolzen und ausgezogen sind. Er ist mit einem UV-härtbaren Klebstoff in einen Quarzkörper 3 eingeklebt, der als mechanischer Schutz dient.The coupler according to FIG. 1 consists of two optical fibers 1, 2, which are melted and drawn out laterally to one another over a certain length. He is with a UV-curable adhesive glued into a quartz body 3, which serves as mechanical protection.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt das Brechzahlprofil eines Lichtwellenleiters mit einem Kern, einem optischen Mantel, einer Außenschicht und einer Umhüllung. Der Brechungsindex der Umhüllung ist größer als der der Außenschicht. Die Brechungsindices der Außenschicht und des optischen Mantels sind aneinander angepaßt, d. h. im wesentlichen gleich groß. Der Kern besitzt einen größeren Brechungsindex als der optische Mantel mit einer Absenkung in Ke rnmi tte.Fig. 2 shows the refractive index profile of an optical waveguide with a core, an optical cladding, an outer layer and a cladding. The index of refraction of the Envelope is larger than that of the outer layer. the Refractive indices of the outer layer and the optical Mantles are matched to one another, i. H. essentially the same size. The core has a larger index of refraction than the optical jacket with a depression in the center.

Lichtwellenleiter mit einem wie oben beschriebenen Profil des Brechungsindex ermöglichen eine einwellige Lichtausbreitung auch unterhalb der Abschneidewellenlänge. In diesem Wellenlängenbereich ist der Zusammenhang zwischen der Länge des Wechselwirkungsbereichs und der Wellenlängenselektivität besonders günstig, so daß sich Koppler mit relativ kurzem Wechselwirkungsbereich und großer Selektivität realisieren lassen. Zur Unter-Optical fiber with a profile as described above of the refractive index enable single-wave light propagation even below the cutoff wavelength. The relationship is in this wavelength range between the length of the interaction area and the wavelength selectivity particularly favorable, so that couplers with a relatively short interaction range and great selectivity. To the

ZT/P1-Jt/R, 13.12.1984 ./.ZT / P1-Jt / R, 13.12.1984 ./.

drückung höherer Moden ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Umhüllung geschwärzt ist oder aus einem Stoff mit starkem Absorptionsvermögen besteht. Es kann auch statt der Umhüllung eine ohnedies erforderliche Primärbeschichtung mit entsprechenden optischen Eigenschaften, beispielsweise eine UV-härtbare Beschichtung, die mit Füllstoffen versehen ist, vorhanden sein.It is advantageous to suppress higher modes if the cladding is blackened or is made of a material with high absorbency. It can also be used instead of wrapping a primary coating that is required anyway with corresponding optical properties, for example a UV curable coating made with fillers is provided.

Bei einem Koppler, der aus zwei oder mehreren, derartigen Lichtwe IlenLei tern hergestellt ist, ist die Umhüllung nur außerhalb des Wechselwirkungsbereichs vorhanden. In the case of a coupler consisting of two or more such Lichtwe IlenLeitern is made, is the sheathing only present outside of the interaction area.

Ist der Koppler in ein Gehäuse eingebaut, so ist darin i. a. eine bestimmte Länge der Lichtwellenleiter als Reserve aufgewickelt. Durch diese Krümmung der Lichtwellenleiter werden ebenfalls unerwünschte Moden bedämpft .If the coupler is built into a housing, i. a. a certain length of the fiber optic cable as Reserve wound up. Because of this curvature of the fiber optic cable unwanted modes are also attenuated .

Bei einer weiteren Ausführung eines oder mehrerer Lichtwellenleiter, die den Koppler bilden, ist die Brechzahldifferenz zwischen Kern und optischem Mantel zumindest im Wechselwirkungsbereich größer als in den benachbarten Abschnitten des Lichtwe I lenIeite rs . Ein derartiger Koppler läßt sich besonders leicht in integrierter Form realisieren. Eine zusätzliche oder alternative Maßnahme zur Erhöhung der We L len längenseLektivitat ist Verkleinerung der Kerndurchmesser zumindest im Wechselwirkungsbereich, die eine weitere Erhöhung der BrechzahLdifferenz erlaubt.In another version of one or more fiber optic cables, which form the coupler is at least the difference in refractive index between the core and the optical cladding larger in the interaction area than in the neighboring ones Sections of the light wave guide. One of those Coupler can be implemented particularly easily in an integrated form. An additional or alternative measure to increase the shaft length selectivity is reduction the core diameter at least in the interaction area, which further increases the difference in the refractive index permitted.

Die Erfindung kann bei allen (De-)Mu Itiρ lexern angewendet werden, die das evaneszente Mantelfeld zum überkoppeln benützen.The invention can be applied to all (de) Mu Itiρ lexers who use the evanescent mantle field for coupling.

ZT/P1-Jt/R, 13.12.1984 ./ZT / P1-Jt / R, 12/13/1984 ./

Claims (4)

STANDARD ELEKRIK LORENZ AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT STUTTGART W.Köster-8 PatentansprücheSTANDARD ELEKRIK LORENZ AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT STUTTGART W.Köster-8 patent claims 1. Optischer Koppler, der mindestens zwei Monomode-LichtweLlenLei ter enthält, die so angeordnet sind, daß in einem Wechse Iwirkungsbereich eine Überkopplung von Licht vom ersten LichtweLLenLei ter in den zweiten durch das evaneszente FeLd erfoLgt,1. Optical coupler, the at least two single-mode light waves ter contains, which are arranged so that in an alternating area of action a coupling of Light from the first fiber optic cable through to the second the evanescent field succeeds, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daßdie AbschneideweLLenLänge der LichtweL len Ieiter größer als eine oder mehrere der BetriebsweLLen längen ist und daß die Lichtausbreitung in aLlen Lichtwellenleitern im Wechselwirkungsbereich einweLLig ist.characterized in that the Cut-off wave length of the light wave conductors greater than one or more of the operating wave lengths is and that the propagation of light in all optical waveguides in the Interaction area is single. 2. Optischer Koppler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brechzahldifferenz zwischen Kern und optischem Mantel der Lichtwe L lenLei ter zumindest im WechseLwirkungsbereich größer und/oder der Kerndurchmesser kleiner ist aLs bei den weiterführenden Lichtwellenleitern. 2. Optical coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractive index difference between the core and optical jacket of the fiber optic cable at least in the Interaction area larger and / or the core diameter is smaller than with the further fiber optic cables. ZT/P1-Jt/R, 13.12.1984 ./.ZT / P1-Jt / R, 13.12.1984 ./. 3. Optischer Koppler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch3. Optical coupler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeichnet, daß der Brechungsindex des Kernes einescharacterized in that the refractive index of the core is a oder beider LichtweIlenLei ter in der Mitte eine Absenkung aufweist.or both lightwave ladders have a lowering in the middle having. 4. Optischer Koppler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lichtwellenleiter außerhalb des Wechselwirkungsbereichs mit einem Medium umgeben sind, das Licht absorbiert und/oder dessen Brechungsindex größer ist als der der Außenschicht der Lichtwellenleiter.4. Optical coupler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical waveguide outside the area of interaction with a Medium are surrounded, which absorbs light and / or whose refractive index is greater than that of the outer layer the fiber optic cable. ZT/P1-Jt/R, 13.12.1984 ./.ZT / P1-Jt / R, 13.12.1984 ./.
DE19843446816 1984-12-21 1984-12-21 OPTICAL COUPLER Withdrawn DE3446816A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843446816 DE3446816A1 (en) 1984-12-21 1984-12-21 OPTICAL COUPLER
GB08529876A GB2168825B (en) 1984-12-21 1985-12-04 Optical coupler

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843446816 DE3446816A1 (en) 1984-12-21 1984-12-21 OPTICAL COUPLER

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3446816A1 true DE3446816A1 (en) 1986-07-10

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DE19843446816 Withdrawn DE3446816A1 (en) 1984-12-21 1984-12-21 OPTICAL COUPLER

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GB (1) GB2168825B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19927453A1 (en) * 1999-06-16 2000-12-21 Univ Dresden Tech Optical coupler fabrication method, using mono-mode light waveguides fitted together for transmitting light in operating range from one mono-mode light waveguide to the others

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8529864D0 (en) * 1985-12-04 1986-01-15 Gen Electric Co Plc Wdm coupler
EP0234326A3 (en) * 1986-02-24 1988-01-07 Allied Corporation Single mode optical fiber coupler and method of manufacture thereof
GB8629123D0 (en) * 1986-12-05 1987-01-14 Hussey C D Fibre optic components

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2853800A1 (en) * 1978-12-13 1980-06-26 Siemens Ag TUNABLE DIRECTIONAL COUPLER FOR LIGHTWAVE GUIDE
DE3232194A1 (en) * 1981-09-03 1983-03-10 Western Electric Co., Inc., 10038 New York, N.Y. OPTICAL FIBER LADDER WITH DOUBLE COATING
US4461536A (en) * 1981-09-10 1984-07-24 Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Jr. University Fiber coupler displacement transducer

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GB1315333A (en) * 1969-10-23 1973-05-02 Licentia Gmbh Optical coupling device
JPS5235789A (en) * 1975-09-17 1977-03-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Humidity-exchange type ozone generator
US4266851A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-05-12 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Coupler for a concentric core optical fiber
JPS57204507A (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-15 Nec Corp Interference film type optical multiplexer and demultiplexer
GB2150703B (en) * 1983-11-30 1987-03-11 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Single mode fibre directional coupler

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2853800A1 (en) * 1978-12-13 1980-06-26 Siemens Ag TUNABLE DIRECTIONAL COUPLER FOR LIGHTWAVE GUIDE
DE3232194A1 (en) * 1981-09-03 1983-03-10 Western Electric Co., Inc., 10038 New York, N.Y. OPTICAL FIBER LADDER WITH DOUBLE COATING
US4461536A (en) * 1981-09-10 1984-07-24 Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Jr. University Fiber coupler displacement transducer

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Elektrisches Nachrichtenwesen, Bd. 55, Nr. 4, 1980, S. 342-349 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19927453A1 (en) * 1999-06-16 2000-12-21 Univ Dresden Tech Optical coupler fabrication method, using mono-mode light waveguides fitted together for transmitting light in operating range from one mono-mode light waveguide to the others

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2168825A (en) 1986-06-25
GB8529876D0 (en) 1986-01-15
GB2168825B (en) 1988-11-16

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Owner name: ALCATEL SEL AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, 7000 STUTTGART, DE

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