DE3406793A1 - Arrangement for the regulation and/or for the monitoring of the heat supply to a water heater and/or room heat generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement for the regulation and/or for the monitoring of the heat supply (29) to a water heater (1) and/or to a room heat generator (2) with at least one regulating device (6) which is connected to at least one thermal sensor (4) arranged in or on the water heater (1) and to at least one pulse generator (3). The regulating device (6) initiates the heat supply (29) to the water heater (1) after the water heater temperature falls below a water heater reference temperature (TsW) measured by the thermal sensor (4) and in the simultaneous presence of an immediate hot water and/or cold water consumption by hot water or cold water withdrawal through a tapping point (7), and ends the heat supply (29) after a given water heater temperature measured by the thermal sensor (4) is exceeded. When dangerously low temperatures are present in the water heater, the regulating device (6) emits acoustic, optical, radio and/or telephonically transmitted alarm signals and/or can be interrogated from a remote point by telephone connection and/or radio connection regarding the present water measurement data in the water heater and/or heating system. The hot water production, in particular, can take place in the so-called "maximum operation" or in "minimum operation", with a saving of energy, by the special arrangement of a plurality of thermal sensors in or on the water heater. <IMAGE>

Description

Friedrich Müller
In Mühlfeld 31
D-7180 Crailsheim

Arrangement for regulating and / or monitoring the heat supply to a hot water heater and / or room heat generator

The invention relates to an arrangement for regulating and / or monitoring the supply of heat to a hot water heater (DHW heater) and / or to a room heat generator and / or to a room.
5

In known arrangements of this type, the heat supply to the DHW heater and / or to the room heat generator and / or to a room to be heated by only one in / on this Thermal sensor initiated when the actual temperature falls below a certain target limit, or interrupted when the actual temperature exceeds the set target limit. This happens regardless of whether in the foreseeable future DHW consumption and / or space heating demand can be expected at all, and if so, whether large, medium-sized or small amounts of DHW or space heating are required.

This type of regulation and / or monitoring of the heat supply for DHW heaters and / or space heaters seems to be scarce in view of the general efforts to save and thus more expensive energy reserves on the one hand and after sparing those particularly burdened by thermal power plants and threatened the environment on the other hand almost antediluvian.

If one considers, for example, only the two energy consumers (DHW and space heating) that are normally used today practiced type of WW preparation, there is no question that those in industry, in public administration and

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In the private living area, the conventional way of keeping hot water available a million times is a waste of energy represents the whole gFossen style. The availability of hot water independent of time and quantity with regard to the actual hot water consumption The previous style does not take into account whether there is a need for hot water in a residential building, for example shortly or even after several days have elapsed, for example after a long weekend or after a vacation, is to be expected. Nor does it differentiate between different DHW consumption situations, such as where, for example, industrial companies, municipal buildings, office buildings, Banks, insurance companies, schools, universities, medical practices and the like mainly only on five working days and are only populated by people during the daytime, but where in the rest of the time (e.g. at night, on weekends, during public holidays and during company vacations) there is no people.

The DHW heating system is switched to the one above mentioned large buildings at night, on weekends and holidays on the one hand for convenience and on the other hand especially not off or at least on the back burner if there is a caretaker's apartment or a manager's office is to be provided. During this time, the provision of hot water in large buildings is usually continued unthrottled or maintained.

The same considerations apply to the provision of space heating as apply to the provision of hot water above were employed.

It is therefore the aim and purpose of the invention to make this provision, which is as wasteful as it is uneconomical to avoid DHW and / or space heating by creating an arrangement of the type mentioned in the future, in which the Heat supply to the DHW and / or space heat generators only at times when DHW and / or space heating demand can be expected shortly in what is likely to be required and if necessary

freely selectable, manually or automatically adjustable ■ cash amount can be effected, and it is ensured that - that in the above-mentioned heat generation systems a certain minimum temperature is not fallen below.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a control device with an expected DHW and / or space heating demand signaling pulse generator and with at least one in / on the DHW heater and / or Raumwarmeer generator for determining the actual temperature in / on the DHW -Preparer and / or room heating- > '· generator, whereby the control device

(a) in the case of an expected imminent DHW consumption from a DHW tap, signaled by the pulse generator and / or room heating demand and a shortfall determined by a first thermal sensor a DHW and / or target room temperature in the hot water heater and / or room heat generator, which can be set as desired beforehand and / or in the room to be heated a control command to initiate the supply of heat to the WW-preparer and / or to the room heat generator and / or to the room to be heated supplies or possibly

(b) if there is no signal from the pulse generator, however, when falling below a certain,

monitored by the thermocouple, can be set as required, usually below the DHW and / or target room temperature DHW and / or minimum room temperature a control command to start the heat supply to the hot water heater and / or to the room heat generator and / or to the room, and possibly one Control command to terminate the supply of heat to the DHW heater and / or to the room heat generator and / or to the Room delivers as soon as the DHW and / or minimum room temperature - 35 temperature by a certain temperature difference exceeded, and

(c) if the DHW and / or target room temperature is exceeded in the hot water heater and / or space heating

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ger and / or in the room to be heated a control command to terminate the heat supply to the DHW heater and / or to the room heat generator and / or to the room.

This arrangement for regulating and monitoring the heat supply to the heat generation systems has the advantage over the known arrangements of this type that the heat supply is essentially indicated by an imminent DHW consumption and / or space heating requirement Impulse generator can or will be influenced if one makes use of it. If there is no one on the part of the Pulse generator given signal to initiate the heat supply to the hot water heater and / or to the room heat generator as a result If there are no signs of imminent DHW consumption and / or room heating requirements, the Initiation of the heat supply to the hot water heater and / or to the room heat generator and / or to the room, even if the inside The prevailing actual temperature falls below the setpoint temperature set for normal operation. This avoids the nonsensical constant maintenance of the target temperature in the hot water heater and / or in the room heat generator and / or in the area of a single-family house, for example, whose residents are on vacation and during this time do not need any DHW and / or room heating in their living rooms at all.

However, the arrangement according to the invention should be designed in this way that care is taken that the actual temperature of the WVi and / or space heating piping system contained water does not fall below freezing point. Appropriate precautions must therefore be taken to take in the formation of this arrangement, by which such dangerous situations are automatically excluded. One could, for example, in / on the WW processor to determine if the value falls below the values freely adjustable by the user Provide a second thermal sensor for the minimum DHW temperature and / or the minimum temperature above freezing point and couple with the control device, which, if the

* _ _Λ / 1 " 34G6793

processing of the minimum and / or minimum temperature, a control command to initiate the heat supply to the DHW heater there and / or other suitable measures to indicate the risk of freezing of the DHW pipeline system and / or the heating system takes hold. The control device of the arrangement according to the invention could, for example, with a disaster device that is arranged in / on the building and emits optical and / or acoustic warning signals, which is switched on automatically in an acute dangerous situation. But all of this would be of no use if such a warning device could not be perceived because of the absence of occupants in a building. In this The frost warning could also be activated by means of a signal transmitted by telephone and / or by radio be transferred to a distant location, for example to a neighbor, to friends, to a maintenance company, to the vacation spot, etc. Some vacationers would spend their vacation in greater peace and serenity enjoy especially in winter, if he knew that his water-filled service water and / or heating pipes are under the safe care of a reliably working frost guard. Just as safe left Countless lonely mountain huts that are only inhabited on weekends are monitored. The regulation and / or monitoring of a domestic water and / or heating pipeline system remotely by means of telephone subsequent and / or radio control could be refined to the effect that not only the above mentioned impulse to initiate the heat supply to a DHW heater and / or to the room heat generator Remote transmission is sent to the control device, but also detailed on the opposite path from a distance Information about the water temperatures at home could be queried, e.g. boiler temperature, actual temperatures at certain measuring points in the house in the pipeline and / or heating system.

Inventive developments and advantageous designs

Services result from the subclaims.

The subject of the invention is described in the following Exercise of preferred embodiments of the invention explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a WW preparation by means of a supplying a DHW heater with heat . Boiler, being a control device taking into account the one supplied by a thermocouple Values as well as the impulses emitted by a flow monitor control the heat supply; FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation according to FIG. 1, but with two measuring sensors arranged in / on the DHW processor and a light barrier as a pulse generator;

3 shows a schematic representation of three further possible pulse generators (embedded in the floor Step switch, hand-operated switch, ultrasonic device);

Fig. 4 + 5 a DHW heater of smaller volume (e.g. 300-500 Liter capacity) with three measuring sensors, in so-called "maximum operation", whereby the DHW heater in Fig. 4 just at the end of its warm-up phase, is shown in Fig. 5 just at the beginning of its warm-up phase (with greater DHW reserve);

Fig. 6 + 7 a water heater of smaller volume according to Fig. 4 + 5, in the so-called "minimum operation", the WW machine in Fig. 6 just at the end of its warm-up phase, is shown in Fig. 7 just at the beginning of its warm-up phase (with lower DHW reserve);

Fig. 8 + 9 a DHW heater with a larger volume (e.g. 3000-5000 Liter capacity) with four sensors, in so-called "maximum operation", whereby the hot water heater in FIG. 8 just at the end of its warm-up phase, in FIG. 9 just at the start of its warm-up phase (with larger DHW reserve) is shown;

Fig. 10 + 11 a water heater of larger volume according to Fig. 8 + 9, in so-called "minimal operation", with the hot water heater in FIG. 10 just at the end of its warm-up phase (with only partial DHW filling with regard to its total volume),

is shown in Figure 11 just at the beginning of its warm-up phase (with lower DHW reserve); Fig. 12 + 13 schematic representations of the energy expenditure two differently heated DHW heaters, FIG. 12 showing the total energy consumption of one

DHW heater heated up once / time unit and FIG. 13 shows the total energy consumption of 5 times / time unit shows heated hot water heater of the same size;

14 + 15 a WW storage unit formed from three WW preparers large total volume (e.g. 3000-9000 liter capacity) with four sensors, im so-called "maximum operation", with the hot water heater in Fig. 14 just at the end of its warm-up phase (with respect to their total volume almost full

coming WW filling),

are shown in Figure 15 just at the beginning of their warm-up phase (with less DHW reserve); Fig. 16 + 17 a WW storage unit formed from three WW preparers large total volume according to Fig. 14 + 15, im

so-called "minimum operation", with the hot water heater in Fig.16 just at the end of its warm-up phase (with only partial DHW filling in relation to their total volume),

in Fig.17 just at the beginning of their warm-up phase

(with less' DHW provision) are shown and Fig. 18 + 19 a schematic representation of a DHW boiler with two thermal sensors, the DHW supply of which varies between the levels of the two thermal sensors.

COPY

According to Fig. 1, a hot water pipeline 8 is in a known manner from a hot water heater 1 with hot water (hereinafter referred to as "WW"), the heat supply 29 by means of a heater 27 via a feed line 31 with heat supplied heat exchanger 28 takes place. The heater 27 can be an oil or gas boiler, a heat pump, an electric heater, a heat recovery system or the like. The heat supply 29 is previously controlled by a thermostat arranged in / on the DHW heater 1 and acting directly on the heater 27. she takes place regardless of whether WW will be required at all in the foreseeable future, and if this should be the case, Which DHW quantities are then likely to be expected.

The invention now provides that in / on the WW machine 1 at least one permanently installed or movably attached Thermal sensor 4 is arranged, the measured values of which by interposing a control device 6 indirectly the heat supply 29 by controlling a control device 30 arranged in the feed line 31 to the heat exchanger 28, such as Control the pump, valve or the like or act on the heater 27 via a control line 32. The indirect one Control of the heat supply 29 is essential according to the invention by a pulse generator 3 which is expected to be soon with influenced. Such a pulse generator could, as FIG. 1 shows, for example one in the WW pipeline 8 be arranged flow monitor 3, which indicates a DHW withdrawal made at a tap 7 and thus shows that people are actually present in the house for which WW is to be held. As a driving force could of course also one inserted in a cold water line 34 (for example in the cold water main line near the water meter) Flow monitor, a light barrier 33 arranged in a suitable place in the house (see FIG. 2), an im Floor 12, for example, a step switch 13 arranged under a doormat, a hand switch 23 or a Ultrasound device 43 with one in the ~ entrance area

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Sound cone 44 directed into the house, the passage of which indicates the presence of people in the house the control device 6 reports and thus a possibly imminent DHW consumption, such as hand washing, washing up, showering, bathing od. The like. Indicates (see Fig. 3).

The control device 6 can now, after the temperature sensor 4 has determined that it has fallen below a desired value, which the consumer previously arbitrarily adjustable DHW target temperature T and at the same time, of at least one of the above named impulse generator 3,13,23,33 or 43 worried display that people are in the house at all, ensure, that the heat supply 29 to the WW-1 is initiated. The control device 30 can be controlled via a control line in the form of a pump, a valve or the like. In order to initiate the supply of heat 29 to the DHW heater 1. There will be no control pulse to the control device 30, provided that one indicates the presence of people Impulse from one of the named impulse generators, each of which can work on its own or in combination with one another, does not occur, even if the desired DHW target temperature T "imiWW heater 1 has long been undershot. However the control device 6 should be set up in such a way that when a minimum DHW temperature is reached, as reported by the thermocouple 4 T in the hot water heater 1 or even at a temperature only slightly above the freezing point of water initiates the supply of heat, even when there are no people in the house. In this way there must be a risk of freezing of the entire pipe system. 30th

Instead of the pulse given to or in connection with the control device 6 by a pulse generator, this could Control device 6 can also be coupled to a timer 10, which can be set to any time in the future point should be adjustable, to which it automatically, i.e. without the presence of a pulse from a pulse generator, -das Control device 6 prompts the supply of heat 29 to the DHW heater 1. It would be conceivable, for example, that

a family is away from home for four days and intends to to return on the evening of the fourth day. Then you could preprogram the timer 10 so that it about 5 p.m. on the next fourth day, a pulse is sent to the control device 6, the heat supply 29 to the Initiate WW-Preparer 1, so that when the family returns, WW is ready for immediate consumption. Such a timer 10 could save the time that the DHW generation would need to achieve a DHW boiler 1 filled with the desired DHW temperature. In addition, by means of the timer 10, the risk of the water pipe system freezing could be avoided by that one fully heats up a water heater about every two to three days, which one could determine beforehand.

Finally, the pulse to be fed to the control device 6 to initiate the heat supply 2 9 to the DHW heater 1 could also be in an impulse transmitted by telephone or even by radio, e.g. via the Euro signal. This one could come out by itself far away, for example from the vacation spot, in a large industrial complex from a control center or from the office of a many private and / or industrial heating and / or DHW heating systems supervising maintenance company are sent.

On the other hand, there could also be a desire to use the control device 6 of a DHW preparation and / or heating system a distant second home, a holiday home, a mountain hut or the like before a trip to be able to activate there already from home in such a way that there is the heat supply 29 to the WW-heater 1 and / or to Space heat generator 2 and / or initiates to the room itself, so that when you arrive at the second home, in the holiday home, in the mountain hut or the like already has sufficient hot water and / or comfortably heated living spaces.

For safety reasons, a second thermocouple 25 can be arranged in the position of use above the thermocouple 4 in / on the hot water heater 1 for safety reasons, in order to determine _{if the temperature drops below a minimum hot water temperature T w} adjustable DHW minimum temperature T to initiate the heat supply to the DHW heater 1 and to maintain it until the set minimum temperature T _w is exceeded again _{by a temperature difference T n} that can also be set on the control device 6.

In the water heater 1 heated by means of an electric heating rod 37 according to FIG provided thermocouple 25, a further thermocouple 5 is shown, by means of which the DHW heater 1 is more comfortable can operate than is the case with only one thermal sensor 4.

Cold water (hereinafter referred to as "KW") flows into the DHW boiler 1, which is emptied towards the top, whereby a fairly stable layer boundary 24 forms at the transition between the KW and WW areas, which layer boundary forms with the upwardly taking place DHW removal shifts upward accordingly.

You could now program the control device '6 as follows: The control device 6 switches the electric heating rod 37 or introduces the heat supply 29 to the DHW heater 1 when the actual DHW temperature T reported to it by the thermal sensor 4 exceeds a certain DHW SoI1 (55 ⁰ C, for example) falls below temperature T ", namely without previous pulse optionally one of the above already mentioned pulse 3,13,23,33 or 43, or only after receipt of such a pulse. The warming up of the WW-maker 1 in the direction of its lower end in the position of use takes place until the level of the layer boundary 24 between KW and WW reaches the level of the thermocouple 5 connected to the control device 6 and delivering its measurement data there, which when reached a certain fixed on the control device 6

- Temperature (eg 55 C) causes the control device 6 to Switch off the electric heating rod 37 or interrupt the heat supply 29 to the DHW heater 1. This interplay is depicted as a schematic in FIGS. 18 and 19. Fig. 18 shows the WW-maker 1 from above with WW (in Hatching) up to the thermal sensor 5, while below the layer boundary 24 there is still KW (without hatching) is located. When DHW is withdrawn upwards, the layer boundary 24 also rises upwards. If the layer boundary reaches 24 den at a distance A above the thermocouple 5 arranged thermocouple 4, this causes the control device 6, the To turn on the electric heating rod 37 or to initiate the supply of heat to the DHW heater 1, which is shown in FIG. 19.

Experience shows that the total energy required to operate of DHW heaters 1 small volume (e.g. 100 liters) to produce a total of 500 liters of DHW is larger than the Total energy consumption of a hot water heater of medium volume (e.g. 300-500 liters) or large volume (e.g. 5000 liters), the should also provide 500 liters and for this purpose · only heated once due to their large capacity need to become. For example, if the DHW consumption in a single-family house is 500 liters / day, the energy balance is when installing a 500 liter storage tank, compared to a 100 liter storage tank, around 40% cheaper, as FIGS. 12 and 13 are intended to show.

13 shows one of a total of five after-heating phases 41, for example of a small 100-liter hot water heater for hot water preparation 100 liters each, with each post-heating phase 41 in turn having three energy consumption phases, namely a start-up energy loss phase 38 of the heater ζ euqers or heater 27, a useful energy phase 39 for heating the DHW and a cooling energy loss phase 40. To generate a total of 500 liters of DHW by a 100-liter DHW heater five post-heating phases 41 required, the total of five start-up and five cooling energy loss phases 38, 40 cause, as Fig. 13 shows. In contrast, a

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500-liter hot water heater only needs to be heated up once to generate 500 liters of hot water, with only one post-heating phase 42 with only one start-up energy loss phase 38, one useful energy phase 39 and one cooling energy loss phase 40 would be required, as shown in FIG. It will. It is clear that although the useful energy consumption with the 100 and The 500 liter hot water heater is likely to be roughly the same size overall, but the loss of energy required for the 100 liter hot water heater because of the additional reheating phases is five times as high as that of the 500 liter hot water heater. To generate 500 Liters of DHW is required by a 100-liter DHW heater. total about 40% more energy than a 500-liter DHW heater that has been heated up, which means that the amount shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 is different shown energy consumption columns of a 500 and 100 liter hot water heater should clarify.

From the above considerations it follows that it is very foolish in view of the expected energy expenditure and it would be uneconomical to use a larger DHW heater again and again in short reheating phases after a small amount of DHW has been removed to be filled fully with WW. It makes more sense from the outset to have a "sufficiently large" for "daily hot water needs." WW-Breiter 'to select and install and only use this daily, taking advantage of the advantages mentioned above heat up once. Especially from the point of view of the need to save energy, it is nowadays Noticeable trend towards the largest possible DHW heaters for the reasons mentioned above is reasonable and understandable.

A very important focus of the present invention is now, such large WW preparers for different Design large quantities of DHW to be as energy-saving as possible. According to the invention, this is done by means of a sensibly combined arrangement for regulation and monitoring of the type mentioned, whose special design according to the invention in relation to the control medium and large hot water heater emerges from the preceding claims.

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In the following, some control options for medium-sized and large hot water machines and for a hot water storage unit formed from several individual hot water machines will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 4 to 17:
5

Apart from the already mentioned waste of energy as a result of one that is controlled by only one thermostat and that often recurs Reheating of a hot water temperature of around 50-60 ° C is usually kept according to current practice The DHW cooker still has the disadvantage, particularly in the case of a DHW cooker with a large volume, that if it is stored for a longer period of time If the amount of DHW is too large, the DHW, in contrast to cooler water or KW, will wear out over time, i.e. spoil it, can. Large DHW heaters should therefore be able to be controlled in such a way that they do not need to be operated at times when the DHW demand is likely to be lower are filled to the brim with DHW, but only a smaller DHW amount adapted to the expected reduced DHW demand provide. Even after they have been reheated, the DHW available thereafter should lend one in relation to the expected one DHW consumption does not exceed an appropriate, if not sufficient, amount.

One for precise control of the heat supply to a DHW heater Another reason for medium and / or large volume arises from the following considerations:

When using so-called regenerative energy sources for heating of DHW and / or heating systems, such as solar collectors, the DHW heater is usually in the upper part conventional energy sources such as oil, gas or electric heat. Solar systems are now designed so that they can be used in usually take several hours to fully heat the water heater. Now the temperature drops in the upper area below the set minimum temperature of the thermostat, it demands the conventional energy source Warmth on, even if the hot water heater with an insignificant time delay would have been free of charge in the sunshine Solar energy supplied to the solar collectors can be heated. Especially when no WW is required

is, this circumstance is very regrettable, because unnecessarily expensive energy is wasted at the wrong time.

WW preparation for office buildings, administrative and industrial buildings, Schools, universities and the like should initially have very different amounts of DHW and space heating can be determined fairly exactly, with one for each of the above. A specific day, Could create weekly, monthly and / or annual rhythm scheme. One could, for example, differentiate between day / night, Working day / weekend, working day / public holiday, school time / holiday time, university operations / semester break, normal working hours / Company vacation and the like

For the sake of simplicity, the following example only differentiates between "maximum operation" or "maximum requirement ¹¹ (e.g. during a normal working day) on the one hand and" minimum operation "or" minimum requirement "(e.g. during a weekend or vacation) on the other.

4-7 is a switchable by means of the control device 6 changeover of a regulation of the heat supply to a DHW heater 1 medium volume (e.g. 300-500 liters) from "maximum operation" to "minimum operation" and vice versa is shown schematically.

For this purpose, the DHW heater is different with preferably three high in / on this arranged thermal sensors 4,5 and provided.

Fig. 4 shows the hot water maker 1 in a state that is almost completely filled with hot water from above, approximately at the level of the bottom arranged thermal sensor 5, the layer boundary 24 between KW and WW is located. If the temperature sensor 5 reports to the control device 6 that the desired value set on it has been reached DHW setpoint temperature T, this interrupts the further supply of heat to the DHW heater 1. The at distance D The thermocouple 4, which is arranged above the thermocouple 5 and is also connected to the control device 6, continuously reports the DHW temperature values measured by him to the control device 6.

, When falling below a certain desired DHW brine temperature T at the level of the thermocouple 4, the control device 6 initiates the supply of heat to the DHW heater 1, so that this heats up again from the position of the thermocouple 4 down to the position of the thermocouple 5. The control device 6 switches off the heat supply to the DHW heater 1 when the thermal sensor 5 has a sufficiently high DHW temperature reports in its height (see above). The layer boundary 24 between KW and WW therefore always swings up and down by the height D downwards, as shown in FIGS. 4 + 5. In "maximum operation", the WW processor 1 in this embodiment is either whole or half filled with (hatched) DHW, so that even with large DHW requirements, sufficiently large DHW quantities for To be available.

FIGS. 6 + 7 show the same water heater 1 as shown in FIGS. 4 + 5, but with the difference that the control device 6 has switched this to "minimum operation" here. This has the consequence that although the WW-preparer 1 initially from the top down to the thermocouple 5 is fully filled with WW, until the latter terminates the control device 6 the supply of heat to the DHW heater 1 causes, however, that the DHW emptying that takes place upwards to the uppermost, now, instead of the temperature sensor 4, the control unit 6 is connected to the control unit 6 as the relevant temperature sensor must take place before the control device 6 due to the dropping below the target DHW temperature reported by the thermal sensor 14

tur T r7 initiates the heat supply to the _{hot water heater 1 again, sw}

The shift boundary 24 between KW and DH commutes at "minimum operation", as Fig. 6 + 7 show, the dimension E between the positions of the two thermal sensors 5 and 14 up and down, the thermocouple 4 arranged in between is switched off. The one in Fig. 7 before the start of reheating of the DHW machine 1 still available (hatched) 5 DHW amount is just enough to wash hands in "minimum operation", Rinsing, a body shower, but not for several full baths.

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In FIGS. 8-11 one can be switched by means of the control device 6 Conversion of a regulation of the heat supply to a DHW heater 1 "large volume (e.g. 5000 liters) from" maximum operation " shown schematically in "minimum operation" and vice versa. For this purpose, the WW-preparer 1 is preferably four thermocouples 4, 5, 14 and 15 arranged at different heights in / on this.

Fig. 8 shows the DHW processor 1 in a state that is almost completely filled with DHW from above, with it being approximately at the level of the bottom arranged thermocouple 5 is the layer boundary between KW and WW. The thermal sensor 5 reports to the Control device 6 interrupts the attainment of the desired WW-SoI1 temperature T "that can be set on this

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the further heat supply to the DHW heater 1. The .in distance F The thermocouple 4, which is arranged above the thermocouple 5 and is also connected to the control device 6, continuously reports the DHW temperature values measured by him to the control device 6. When falling below a certain desired DHW target temperature T at the level of the thermocouple 4 (Fig. 9) informed control device 6 the heat supply to the hot water heater 1, so that this is again from the position of the thermocouple 4 is heated down to the position of the thermal sensor 5, before the latter is exceeded when a certain value is exceeded DHW temperature causes the control device to interrupt the supply of heat to the DHW heater 1, since the state according to FIG. 8 is reached again. The layer boundary 24 between KW and WW thus always oscillates up and down by the height F, like that Figs. 8 + 9 show. In "maximum operation", the DHW heater 1 is either completely or two-thirds in this embodiment filled with DHW (shown hatched), so that sufficiently large DHW quantities are available even with high DHW requirements stand.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show the same water heater 1 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, but with the difference that the control device 6 has switched this to "minimum operation" here. Only the two thermal sensors 14,15 provide their measurement

,. data to the control device 6, which yes the heat supply to the The DHW heater initiates or stops. The two thermal sensors 14, 15 are in the upper part of the DHW heater as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 1 provided, the thermal sensor 15 approximately in the 5 upper third and the thermal sensor 14 approximately in the upper seventh of the WW generator 1 is arranged in this embodiment. As already mentioned, deliver with "minimum operation" instead the thermal sensor 4,5 (according to Fig. 8 + 9) now the measuring sensor 14,15 (according to Fig. 10 + 11) that controls the control device significantly influencing temperature values of the WW..Fig. 10 shows the largest available DHW amount in "minimum operation", FIG. 11 shows the smallest available DHW amount. The layer boundary 24 between KW and WW fluctuates between the positions of the two thermal sensors 14.15 by the amount G. In "minimum operation" the large DHW heater 1 remains approximately in the lower two thirds of the same even after reheating constantly cold and it empties until the introduction of heat up to about the top seventh, like that hatched areas of the WW-maker 1 according to the Fig.

10 + 11 show.

The "minimum operation" circuit described last is suitable, for example, for the DHW supply of caretaker apartments, Executive offices and the like in larger building complexes,, 5 in which on weekends or during a longer company holiday the entire volume of a designed for many people WW large storage tank needs to be filled with WW, but only for the needs of a caretaker's official residence 'or a small administrative wing. Sufficient WW is to be held up.

Finally, FIGS. 14-17 show that even during operation of a large WW storage unit formed from several individual WW generators 1, 11, 21 a switchover of a control device 6 controlling the heat supply to the DHW heaters 1,11,21 from "maximum operation" in "minimum operation" is possible in principle if, as in this example, four sensors 4, 5, 14, 15 are more sensible Distributed in the three DHW heaters 1,11,21.

Although other constellations are also possible and conceivable for the above-mentioned sensors 4, 5, 14, 15 the sensor 5 in the DHW container 21 below, the sensor 15 in the DHW processor 11 in the middle, the sensor 4 in the DHW processor 11 above and the sensor 14 in the WW-preparer 1 arranged in the middle.

In "maximum operation", the sensors 4, 5 are connected to the control device 6 and act as suppliers of the required DHW temperature values responsible for the heat supply regulation by the control device 6. According to the above to Figs. 4 + 5 or 8 + 9 explanations made, the layer boundary 24 oscillates in "maximum operation" between the positions of the two thermal sensors 4, 5 in the two hot water dispensers 21, 11, FIG. 14 showing the maximum hot water supply and FIG. 15 the minimum Show hot water supply, always at "maximum operation".

In "minimum operation", instead of the sensors 4, 5, the sensors 14, 15 are connected to the control device 6 and act as suppliers the required DHW temperature values for the heat supply control by the control device 6 responsible. The layer boundary 24 oscillates between the positions in "minimum operation" the two thermal sensors 14,15 in the two low-level heaters 1,11, FIG. 16 shows the maximum WW supply, FIG. 17 the minimum Show hot water supply, always at "minimum operation".

The entire control on the part of the control device 6 could be accomplished much more precisely and / or more flexibly if the water heater (s) 1, 11, 21 were provided with more sensors that can optionally be connected to the control device 6. One could also think of arranging and securing the thermocouples on the outside of the hot water heater so that they can be moved, for example, on a support bracket or by means of magnets or the like. Then you could precisely determine the amount of DHW to be kept available for each special purpose, as well as tailored to individual needs, by moving the relevant thermal sensors up or down along the axis of the DHW generator. _r

..--- 'After the arrangement according to the invention for above Regulation and monitoring of the heat supply to DHW heaters and / or space heat generators, for the sake of simplicity, was mainly explained on the basis of the DHW heater, is emphatically found that this arrangement can also be applied to room heat generators. especially the Monitoring of the necessary and / or desired temperatures in the room heat generator and / or in the room to be heated even "can be recorded and controlled in the same way as is the case with the WW-broadeners. One must only attach the required sensors in / on the heating system and / or in the rooms of a building to be heated and connect it to the control device 6 or a device corresponding to this, which controls the supply of heat (initiates or ended), on request, provides information about the actual room heating temperature values T or even warning signals,

IR
for example in the form of acoustic or optical signals, impulses transmitted by telephone or transmitted by radio. In particular, it would also be conceivable that such information and / or warning signals in the form of values given in human language by a voice computer, e.g. "the temperature is currently 55 degrees" or "there is a danger ahead: the room temperature is now take place 3 degrees ". The control device 6 could provide this information on its own, but it could also be "queried" by the control device on request, which then - in human language - issues the requested information about the actual status of the DHW preparation and / or heating system.

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Claims (32)

. Feb. 1 & Λ Friedrich Müller
In the Mühlfeld 31_
D-7180 Crailsheim Claims Arrangement for regulating and / or monitoring the heat supply to a hot water heater (DHW heater) and / or to a room heat generator and / or to a room, characterized by a control device (6) with an expected DHW and / or Pulse generator (3,13,23,33,43,53) signaling room heating demand and with at least one thermocouple (4) arranged in / on the hot water heater (1) and / or room heat generator (2) to determine the actual temperature (T. ) in / on the hot water heater (1) and / or room heat generator (2), whereby the control device (6) (a) in the case of an imminent DHW consumption signaled by the pulse generator (3,13,23,33,43,53) from a DHW tap (7) and / or room heating requirement and an undershoot determined by a first thermal sensor (4) a DHW and / or target room temperature (T _T7 , T _.) in the DHW that can be set as desired beforehand SW SK Preparer (1) and / or space heat generator (2) and / or In the room to be heated, a control command to start the heat supply to the DHW heater (1) and / or to the room heat generator (2) and / or to the room to be heated or optionally (b) if there is no signal from the pulse generator (3,13,23,33,43,53), but if the value is not reached a certain, monitored by the thermocouple (4), arbitrarily definable, usually below the (T _r7 , T _) lie- SW SR DHW and / or target room temperature the DHW and / or minimum room temperature (T, T _R ) a control command to initiate the heat supply to the DHW heater (1) and / or to the room heat generator (2) and / or to Room supplies, and possibly a control command to terminate the heat supply to the DHW heater (1) and / or to the room heat generator (.2) and / or to the room as soon as the DHW and / or Minimum room temperature (T ^ / T, ^) ^is exceeded by a certain - '' ...._ th temperature difference (T), and (c) in the event of or exceeding the WW and / set room temperature (T _W ^'T _sR) ^{in the} hot water heater (1) and / or space heat generator (2) and / or in the room to be heated a control command to end the heat supply to the hot water heater (1) and / or to the room heat generator (2) and / or to the room. 10 2. Arrangement ■ according to claim 1, characterized in that in / on the WW-preparer (1) to determine if the temperature falls below the minimum WW temperature (T) in the WW-preparer (1) a second thermal sensor (25) is provided and with the control device (6) - is coupled, which delivers a control command _{to start the heat supply to the hot water heater (1) if the temperature falls below the minimum DHW temperature (T mW} ) reported by the thermal sensor (25), and which, if necessary, a control command to terminate the heat supply to the DHW -Bereiter (1) delivers as soon as the minimum DHW temperature (T) is exceeded by a certain temperature difference (T). 3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control device (6) (a) when the temperature falls below a value measured by a first thermal sensor (4) located in / on the DHW heater (1) DHW target temperature (T) a control command to start the heat supply to the DHW heater (1) delivers and ^{(b) if a second temperature (T} sWu) measured by a second temperature sensor (5) in / on the water heater (1) at a distance (A) below the first thermal sensor (4) is _exceeded, a control command to terminate the process which supplies heat to the DHW heater (1). 4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in / on a WW processor (1) large Volume at least three thermal sensors (4,5,14) provided are, where ^ those measured by the thermocouples (4,14) and DHW actual temperature values reported to the control device (6) (T., T..) From the control device (6) either in the way ι max χ min It can be evaluated that this is either the actual DHW temperature value measured by the sensor (4) when the maximum DHW demand is to be expected (T.) or when expected χ max DHW minimum requirement the actual DHW temperature value measured by the sensor (14) (T..) Registered and processed accordingly. 5. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the selection from the two the control device (6) optionally available DHW actual temperature values (a) (T.) of the thermocouple (4) at maximum DHW demand 1 IUuX or (b) (T ₁ ) the thermocouple (14) with minimum DHW requirement either manually or according to an arbitrarily determined and possibly locally coordinated schedule with the help of a timer (10) or the like. 6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in addition to the heat supply to the WW-maker (1) initiating thermal sensors (4, 14) in / on the WW-maker (1) the interruption of the heat supply to the WW- Preparer (1) causing, optionally acting on the control device (6) thermocouples (5, 15) are arranged, the thermocouple (5) causing the interruption of the heat supply to the DHW processor (1) when the DHW processor (1) is heated to its lower end, and where the distance (B) above the thermocouple (5) arranged thermal sensor (15), depending on the expected DHW demand, the interruption of the heat supply to the DHW heater (1) when it is only up to position (P) of the thermocouple (15) is heated up. 7. Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that / that the optionally to be produced. link (a) between the thermal sensor (5) and the control device (6) or (b) between the thermal sensor (15) and the control device (6) either manually or according to an arbitrarily set and, if necessary, to the special DHW demand conditions locally coordinated schedule with the help of a timer (16) or the like. Takes place, the connection (a) at maximum DHW demand and the connection (b) switchable with minimum DHW requirement. 8. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the WW volume to be heated is distributed over several WW-Preparers - (1,11,21), wherein the 'heat supply initiating thermal sensor (4,14) and the the interruption of the heat supply causing thermal sensors (5,15) are arranged in different DHW heaters (1,11,21). 9. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that when arranging three WW-preparers (1,11,21) the thermal sensor (14) in the WW-preparer (1), the thermal sensor (4,15) in the WW-preparer (11 ) and the thermal sensor (5). are arranged in the water heater (21), with the supply of heat (a) at maximum DHW demand all DHW heaters (1,11,21) completely, or (b) for minimum DHW requirements, the DHW heater (1) and the DHW heater (11) only above the thermocouple (15) are heatable. 10. An arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pulse generator (3) is a arranged in the DHW or cold water pipe flow switch (3). 11. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, dadurc h characterized in that the pulse generator (13, 23) is a touch switch (13, 23), in particular a step switch embedded in the floor (12) or under foot scrapers, carpets or the like (13) or hand switch - (23) is. - C. «. 12. An arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in "that the pulse generator (33,43) is a durchschreitbare human light barrier (33) or a durchschreitbarer human sound cone (44) of a ültraschallgeräts (43). 13. Arrangement. according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pulse generator (53) is a radio or _. signal transmitted by telephone (53). 10 14. The arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that the radio signal (53) is a radio signal, preferably a Euro signal, which can be transmitted over large distances. 15. Arrangement according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the pulse generators (3,13,23,33,43,53) can be used in combination with one another. That, to be heated 16. The arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in / on the DHW heater (1,11,21) in / on the space heat generator (2) and in the pipe systems (8,9) and optionally in the In the room, a thermocouple (35) is provided that is responsive at low temperature (T) above the water freezing point and is connected to a frost warning device (16) located in / on the building, which in the event of total failure of the heat generator and / or the automatic control system and / or the heat supply to the hot water heater (1,11,21) and / or to the room heat generator (2) and / or to the room to be heated causes the frost warning device (16) to send out warning signals. 17. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that in / on the WW-preparer (1,11,21), in / on the room heat generator (2) and in their piping systems (8,9) and optionally in the to be heated If the temperature (T,) is too high, the room is connected to an overheating warning device (26) located in / on the building. Dener thermal sensor (45), which at too high a temperature (T _h ) ", 'causes the overheating warning device (26) to send out warning signals. 18. The arrangement according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the frost warning device (16) and the overheating warning device (26) are integrated together in an emergency device (36). 19. The arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that the emergency device (36) is a separate device which can be retrofitted in a DHW preparation system and / or a room heating system. 20. The arrangement according to "Claim 18, characterized in that the emergency device (36) is a device which can be integrated or permanently integrated in the control device (6). 21. Arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 2O, characterized in that the frost warning device (16) and / or the overheating warning device (26) emits optical and / or acoustic warning signals in an emergency. 22. The arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the freeze-warning device (16) and / or the overheating warning device (26) desired for the delivery of warning signals in the emergency by means of an automatically feasible, to a particular, Telephone connection (17) freely programmable direct telephone extension with the desired telephone connection (17) can be connected at any time. 23. Arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the frost warning device (16) and / or the overheating warning device (26) for issuing warning signals in an emergency by means of a suitable radio transmitter (18) large Range with a corresponding radio receiver (19) (e.g. Euro signal receiver) can be connected at any time * COPY 24. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the actual temperature values (T., T. _R ) of the DHW boiler (1) and / or the room heat generator (2) and / or the room and / or the pipes (8,9) can be controlled at any time by means of a control device (20) connected to the thermal sensors (4,5,14,15,25,35,45) by telephone and / or by radio (eg Euro signal radio). 25. The arrangement according to claim 24, characterized in that the control device (20) by means of a speaking computer (22) or the like connected to it can be queried by telephone and / or by radio at any time. 26. An arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the functions performed by the various thermocouples (4,5,14,15,25,35,45) are zusammenfaßbar in one or more sensors. 27. An arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the control device (6), its control commands for the initiation or the interruption of the supply of heat to the DHW heaters (1,11,21) or to the space heat generator (2) or to supplies heating space in the form of an electrical control current, wherein in the electrical control line (A) when the heat supply is initiated, a control current flows or (b) no control current when the heat supply is interrupted flows. 28. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the control device (6) its control commands to initiate or to interrupt the heat supply to the DHW generators (1,11,21) or to the room heat generator (2) or to the room to be heated in the form of pneumatically or hydraulically transmitted signals. w · «V - right - 29. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the pulse generator (3) is mounted in the DHW pipe and opens a solenoid valve, motor valve or other shut-off device attached to the cold water inlet (KW inlet) when DHW is removed After the end of the DHW withdrawal, the above-mentioned solenoid valve, motor valve or other shut-off device closes, whereby in the event of a leak in the DHW storage tank or at another point in the installation system in front of the solenoid valve, motor valve or other shut-off device from the main line, no more KW can flow and the water escapes is thus limited to a minimum. 30. An arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that provided for in the HC supply valve is provided with a time delay device for a pulse to open the valve and at the completion of this pulse, the closing of the valve via an arbitrarily adjustable Time delayed and in this way prevents uninterrupted opening and closing of the valve during the main demand times. 31. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the valve or the shut-off device mounted in the KW line has a device for determining a one-sided pressure from the KW main line, which at higher pressure from the KW -Inlet side emits warning signals as a result of a pressure drop on the boiler side due to a possible leak in the system on the boiler side. 32. Arrangement according to one.der claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the shut-off device and pressure measuring devices are controlled by a central control device, and that the warning signals can be transmitted remotely. COPY