DE2830911C3 - Solid-state color image pickup device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a solid state color image pickup device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a device requires an imaging plate with a resolution equivalent to that of an image pickup tube currently used in television technology. It therefore requires photoelectric transducer elements which form a matrix of approximately 500x500 picture elements. Switch for the selection of (x. ^ -Coordinates, which correspond to the picture elements, and an A- (Horizontal) Abiastschahung as well as a .HVertical-) Scanning layer. which turn the switches on and off and each consist of about 500 steps.

Take accordingly! a solid-state mapping \ Ornately more usual a structure. v. ie he shown in fig. It is in MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconducior-Melail-Oxide-Semiconductor ) LSl (Large Scale Integration = highly integrated) formwork technology produced with a high integration density Can be realized relatively easily in I-ι g. 1 the reference numeral 1 denotes a horizontal abias circuit for the selection of x-positions and the reference chen 2 a vertical abias circuit to select from v-layers. With 3 is a vertical switch MOS transistor (in the following simply called "vertical halter") denotes, which is switched on or off by a sampling pulse of the circuit 2, with 4 a photodiode (pholoelectric transducer element). which the Source Connection of the vertical switch 3 ausnül / l. and mn 5 a lost signal output line. to soft the Drains of the vertical hall 3 are connected together. At 6 there is a horizontal sounder MOS-T ransislur (in the following simply referred to as "hori / ontal schaller" net) shown dei by one of the Hori / .unialabiasi circuit 1 coming Ablaslimpuls is switched on or off, the drain connection of this Switch mn a Honzonlaisignalausgangsleilung 7 and its source to the vertical signal output line ment 5 is connected. Mn 8 is a voltage source / ui Generating a bias voltage for the photoelectronic converter element (usually »largel-Spannuiigs Supply «called), which has a Resistance mn the horizontal signal output line 7 is a common feature of solid image plaques! then. that. you the a picture element are separated and the scanning through externally given laklim impulses leads, the picture element whose signal is being read out can easily be discriminated. Line Solid-state imaging device is therefore very useful for the extraction of color signals the reason because the clock pulse is used as an advance signal The services and signals for the individual picture elements can be separated

If you want to have a vision camera using the solid-body imaging device of the Iig. 1 build up, there are generally three image plates for converting red (R). green (C) b / w. Turrets (B) require light in electrical signals. A television camera that uses three such solid-body imaging plates, however, requires a color-dissolving one

optical system for the resolution of incident light into the three basic colors red, green and blue, one special imaging lens, etc. This forms a serious one Obstacle on the way to miniaturization of Camera and reducing its cost.

In view of this problem, a Farbbildaulnahmeinrichiung is known from the German Ollenlegungsschrill 26 08 998, in which. as an example in Fig. 2, the phoioelekin converter elements nvi color filters RG and B. the only red, green b / w, which form a matrix of image picture elements. Allow blue light to pass through and are arranged like a checkerboard, are brought into correspondence, with signals of the three primary colors being derived from the single imaging plate. The expression "checkerboard-like" denotes a pattern in which color filters for R. G and B are periodically arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction. You; The spacing in the arrangement is flour as shown in the fig. 2 shown limited. In the case of the I- ι g. 2 gezeigien Ajfbau are Killer iur green (or killer, which transmit signals to the image brightness) horizontally and vertically of the imaging plate aul in a manner arranged to sii fill the interstices between the filters tor R and Ii Therefore left to itself with a small number of Bildelemenleri the Solid-state imaging plallc obtain a solid-state color imaging device whose resolution is little degraded. The method is ideally suited as a system in which color signal ·. ' can be derived from a single solid-state figure ;, plate.

In principle, an imaging device can be used realize by using the I ig 1 ge / .eigle Feslkoi pei imaging device and as in I- "i g. 2 chess Bretlarlig arranged 1 arbfiller with each other kuinbi inert With a simple combination, however, a The demodulator is complicated, the further processing of the output signals is difficult and none of the High resolution corresponding to expectations

I ι g. 1 shows only the basic structure of the operation of a solid-state imaging device. in reality, however, according to the playback video of a pickup tube !! Device in the vertical direction an interlaced scanning required. Further, in order to avoid the near-capacitance (charges left unread), it is necessary to provide an interleaving system in which two rows of picture elements are selected at the same time (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 51-57123). In the case of equal / urgent selection of two series of constituencies, it is possible to achieve the result in I ι g by merely improving the Verttkalabta suing and the forcing method. 1 shown solid-state imaging device (see. Offeogelegie Japanese patent application 51 71 142) impossible to achieve that the I arbsignale of the in F i g. 2 systems using tilted color filters can be read out in such a way that they are moody for the individual picture elements. The Cjrund This is because the signals of the ι by interleaving simultaneously selected two rows of DALI Bildeleinenten simultaneously to Uie vertical signal line 5 · output supplied grazing \ υ that both signals mix with each other.

In the invention, these disadvantages are avoided. ι

It is an object of the invention to provide a solid state color imaging device which temporally separated color signals are obtained from picture elements for Roi, green and blue and which an interlacing that prevents capacity sagging can be subjected to dissolution without reduction.

According to the solution to this problem specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 are the converter elements belonging to the same color each matrix couple to its own horizontal switch connected, and all "same-colored" horizontal switches are in turn connected to an associated image signal output line. This guarantees dab in each field scan the individual color signals at the matrix output separately exist, which means that the requirements for a ver poor scanning is created without undesired color mixing.

A solid-state image recording device is known from German Offenlegungsschnlt 2b 09 731, which outwardly has similarities with the device according to the invention. The Finricbiung known from this pressure shoe, however, refers to a color image processing, so that the underlying issue of this known device is neither addressed nor solved in the interleaved Ablaslbeirieb. how it is made possible by the eiimduiigsge measurement circuit is not provided for in the device according to this publication.

Advantageous further developments in training are given in marked the IJnlerauspruehen

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the following which is or are described in connection with the drawing

I ig 1 a circuit diagram showing the construction of a known Ι-'estkorper imaging device shows.

I ig. 2 a '· schematic Diaulsichi. wel.:he the Construction of a well-known assembly order

I ig. in the circuit diagram which shows an embodiment of the connection.

I ig 4 a pulse diagram for!. (Clarification of the Working with the solid state the I ι g 3.

I ι g. 5 and b wiring diagram. each of which den shows essential structure of a further Ausluhruiigslorm the Linden.

I ι g. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example concrete construction of a shaliab in the 1 test body 1 color imaging device of the Linden shows, and

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an output signal processing system in hearing.

In the following, the explanation is based on Embodiments described.

I ig. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the structure of an imaging board. which forms the essential part of the solid-state color imaging device according to the invention. Reference numeral 10 denotes a horizontal discharge circuit, reference numeral 11 a ver likalabiaoischahung. With a vertical sounder (a vertical switch MOS transistor) is designated, which is switched on or off by the Abtaslimpulse of the vertical ablation circuit. With 13 a photodiode (photoelectric conversion element) is referred to, which utilizes the SouiceanehluB of the vertical switch 12. The different diodes 13 have the same structure, the diode 13 /? however, is used to detect the roll light, the diode ii (j / um detect the green light and the diode 130 to detect the blue light, according to the

(F-1 g. 2) filter arrangement described at the outset. (In cases where the structures of the diodes are made identical in this way, the diodes 13 / ?, 13 (7 and 13 / y can be formed by the same manufacturing process, which has the advantage of being easy to manufacture The structure of the diodes 13 / ?, 13 (7 and 13) can be different and from the outset with specific sensitivities for red Drains of the vertical switches 12 are connected in common (among the vertical signal output lines 14 are those 14a signal output lines for green, which derive signals from diodes 13 (7, those 146 signal output lines for red and blue, which derive signals from diodes 13 /? And 13?). At 15 is a horizontal switch (a horizontal switch MOS transistor) ge / proper which is switched on or off by a sampling pulse of the horizontal switch 10 te! The Hon / ontalschalter 15a is a MOS transistor (abbreviated as "MOST" in the following), which is connected with one end to the Vcrtikalsignalausgangsleitung 14a and with the other to the Hon / ontalsignalaus- £?, int's! line Ifia is while the horizontal filter 156 is a MOST. which is connected to the vertical signal output line 146 at one end and to the horizontal signal output line 166 at the other end. 17 denotes an "interleave" switch for performing the interlaced scanning described above. The "interleave" switches 17 are connected to terminals 18-1 or 18-2, which are sampling pulse output lines

0 0.0 _; . O ₁₄ . which are arranged at the individual stages of the Vertikalabtiisischaltung, connected sintl f ig 7 is a circuit diagram of bmschalters 17 of the F ι g concrete Aifbnu. 3 shows. Of the

1 switch will 17 is constructed of a flip-flop Sc ¹ tra ting 19 and a MOST 20th The outputs of the flip I lop circuit 19 are switched every field t ι g. 8 is a block diagram of an output signal processing system of the solid-state imaging device of FIG. 3.

The operation of the in F i g. The solid-state imaging device shown in FIG. 3 is explained with reference to the diagram of FIG. 4 and the block diagram of FIG. (Assuming that the components are P-channel MOSTs, the timing diagram is shown with n negative logic pulses. In the case of N channel MOSTs, the polarity must be reversed.) 0 > and 0, represent clock pulses that are used to operate the Vertical scanning circuit 11 or the Honzontalabi <is * circuit! 0 can be used. Sampling brain cables O ₁ 1, O ₁ 2. O ₁ ), ... and O ₁ * /. as well as O ₁ .. O ₁ >. O ₁ 1. 0.1 and 0, ν deliver vertical scanning pulses V ₁ 1. V ₁ ..

V. j .... and V _v m. As well as horizontal scanning pulses V ,,.

V, ... V ,, .... and V, ν based on the clock pulses

Let us first assume that the "interleaving" switches 17 are on the connections 18-1, a first field being created in this scanning state. Diode groups in first and second rows [13A (I. 1). 13C (I. 2), 13R (\. 3) .... 13G (I. N)] and [13G (Z 1). 13S (Z 2), 13G (Z 3) .... 13B (Z / V)] are selected by the scanning pulse V _v 1 at the first stage of the vertical scanning circuit. The horizontal pulses 15 are successively by the sampling pulses V, l. V, ₂ . V, j .... and V, \ on and off. Signals for green 100 from the. Diodes (ZI), (1. 2), (2. 3) are supplied to the signal output line 16a. On the other hand, signals for red 101 and signals for blue 102 are alternately from the diodes (1. I). (2. 2). (1. 3) is supplied to the signal output line 166. Below are diode groups on third and fourth rows [13 /? (3. I). 136 (3.2). !!! /? (3. 3) .... 136 (3. / V)] and [I3G (4. I). I3β (4, 2). 136 (4th

3) 13β (4., \)] By the sampling pulse V _; at the

second stage of the vertical scanning circuit selected. Following the same process as above, the signals for green 100 are supplied to the signal output line 16a and the signals for red 101 and the signals for blue 102 are alternately supplied to the signal output line 166. r> ic diodes on the f. \ - l) -ien 'and the Λ,' - ien row are selected by a similar \ orsane , and then the sampling is the first. Field ended (Here M is assumed to be even / ahhi?. If v / is odd, the diodes on the (M- 2) -th and the (M- I) -th row are selected)

Next, the .Λ -jrschdLhiiiHjni / s ^^ - l.mschalier 17 are placed on the connections 18-2 and the scanning of the / wide field is started. In the second field, the diodes on the second and third rows are dusgevva- ¹ 'The diodes on the (M- 2) -th and the (M- I) -th tabs are selected when the wide field is correctly scanned. (M is assumed to be an even number. If Λ / is odd, the diodes on the fM-l) th and Λ / th rows are selected 16a and the signals for red 101 and the signals for blue 102 are alternately supplied to the signal output line 16 £>. The scanning of a frame is ended over the first field and the second field, whereupon the scanning of the first field of the next frame begins.

As in F 1 g. 8, the signals 101 and 102 received from the output line 166 are detected synchronously by means of synchronously running detection circuits using switching signals 103 and 104 which are generated by a switching pulse generator circuit with reference to the horizontal clock pulses 0 _v . In this way they are separated into signals for red 10Γ and signals for blue 102 '. These signals for red and for blue and the signals for green obtained via the output line 16a are sent through low-pass filters (F.PFs) and then pulse-shaped by three further processing amplifiers. Thereafter, the pulse-shaped signals are fed, for example, to an NTSC (Nationa! Television System Committee-jcoder, in order to convert them into NTSC color signals.

Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment. 15 (15c I5d 15e) denotes a horizontal switch which is connected on one side to a horizontal signal output line 16 (16c 16d I6e) and on the other side to a vertical signal output line 14 (14c 14d 14e) 108 denotes a bias voltage source for the photoelectric conversion elements, which is connected to the horizontal signal output lines 16 via resistors 109. A process similar to that with respect to FIG. 3, the horizontal signal output line 16c as the signal output line for green, that 16Yes signal output line for red and that 16e

serves as the signal output line for blue. In the structure just considered, the number of signal output lines is compared with that in the embodiment of FIG. 3 increased by 1. However, since the Signals for red and the signals for blue are picked up via individual output lines, take floating capacitances as parasitic capacitances of the signal output lines for red and Blue in half compared to the corresponding floating capacities in the embodiment of Fig.3, resulting in a high signal readout speed is possible. Another advantage is that it is converted into video signals existing further processing is facilitated.

F i g. 6 shows a third embodiment. With 15 a horizontal switch is referred to, which is connected on one side to a horizontal signal output line 16 (16 £ t6g, 16Λ, 16;) and on the other side to a vertical signal output line 14 (14 £ 14g; 14Λ, 14 /). Because of a mode of operation similar to that of FIG. 3, the signal output lines 16 / and 16 ^ serve as signal output lines for green, that 16Λ as signal output line for red and that 16 / as signal output line for blue. In the structure just described, the number of signal output lines is increased compared with that of the embodiment of FIG. 5, again increased by 1. The parasitic capacitances resulting from the signal output lines for green, together with those for red and blue, are reduced by half, which has the advantage that the signal readout speed can be high and that the processing of the conversion into video signals is facilitated .

As described above in detail in connection with the embodiments, in the solid-state imaging device according to the invention a

provided in a plurality of signal output lines, and Color signals corresponding to the respective elements for red, green and blue become more checkerboard-like Arrangement of elements derived from these, thereby forming a solid-state color imaging device

i ■> lung can gain, which has a high resolving power shows and with which no capacity sags occurs. These effects of the device according to the invention are great in practical use Value.

Although the above description was carried out for MOS transistors as elementary components, it should be understood that the invention is also applicable to solid state color imaging devices is, which bipolar transistors, junction field effect transistors, CCD's (charge coupled devices = charge coupled devices Devices) etc. or any combination of these elements as elementary components contain.

In addition 7 sheets of drawings

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Solid-state color image recording device mn a matrix of photoelectric transducer elements, in which transducer elements for each \ on three different colors are arranged cyclically in the horizontal and vertical direction, mn vertical switches assigned to the individual transducer elements and horizontal switches connected to vertical groups of vertical switches. also with the horizontal and Verukal switch controls controlling the horizontal and Verukal switch elements, as well as with an output stage connected to the horizontal switch for deriving the image signals on several output lines assigned to the colors. characterized in that the Verükal switch (12) each group of the same color are connected only to transducer elements (13 / ?. 135. 13g7 and that the mn these groups and to the output lines (16a. 160;... 16c 16d 16e \ 16 / i ibg 16Λ / associated Honzontalschaker 16) ( 15a.15b: 15c. 15d 15e, - \ 5f. 15Λ. \ 5g. 15 // are each assigned to the corresponding individual colors. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the vertical shaker (12) are formed by MOS transistors and each transducer element (13 #. 13G. 13ß; a photodiode surrounds the exploits the source junction of the associated transistor. 3 device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Ver.ikal Abiastschaliung (11) two matrix lines in each of the two Fields different combinations controls. 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that a first output line (16 <;) of a first color (C) and a / while output line (166J of a second and a third color (R, B) is assigned (F i g. 3). 5. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that each color (CR ßjeine output line treatment (16c 16c / 16e) is assigned (F ι g. 5) b. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that two output lines (16 /; 16 ^ 1 lui two vertical groups of converter elements (13Gy of a first color (C) and one output line (16Λ. 16 / j for the converter elements (13 /?) J a second color (R) and the converter elements (135 / a third color (B) are provided (Fig. 6). 7. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the vertical scanning circuit (11) comprises a group of changeover switches (17; 20) which, during the scanning of the one field, in pairs the first and second matrix lines, the third and the fourth matrix / eile etc. apply the same scanning pulse ( Vy 1. Vy 2 ...) and during the scanning of the other field in pairs the second and third matrix lines, the fourth and fifth Mairixzetle etc. with the same scanning pulse {Vyi, Vy 2 ...). 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that that the changeover switches of MOS transistors (20) are formed by one for each field reversed Fhpflop circuit (19) are controlled (Fig. 7).