DE2812902A1 - DAILY PROGRAM SWITCHGEAR - Google Patents

Description

R.T.C. La Padiotechnique-Compelec, Pue Carnot 51, F - 92154 Suresnes (France)

"Day program control unit"

Priority: March 25, 1977, No 77 Ο9ΟΟ8, France

The invention relates to a daily program control mechanism, in particular for saving energy by regulating the heating, which consists of a electric convector connected to an electronic thermostat, which program switchgear includes a A plurality of electronic pulse binary counters connected in series.

For the installation of electric heaters of the so-called "integrated" heater type, electronic thermostats were used Developed with integrated circuits that work very precisely, are very reliable and at the same time take up little space claim and are relatively cheap. Integrated circuits for producing such thermostats are made by the applicant sold under the names TCA 2? 0 A, TDA 1023 and TDA 1024.

Such a thermostat is installed on every convector that regulates the temperature of the room in which it is located independently of the other convectors. Its great sensitivity makes it possible to use "free" amounts of heat, for example durcl Solar radiation can be obtained or for example by

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j the proximity of another heated room can be 'taken into account, whereby the energy consumption is restricted to what is strictly ' necessary.

'At the same time, additional energy savings can be achieved by changing the heating conditions over the course of 2k hours

■ is taken into account. It is obvious that the temperature of the apartment can be lowered during the absence or during the sleeping time of the residents without loss of comfort for them can.

Such a lowering of the temperature can in principle be achieved in a simple manner by the user manually setting the: temperature reference point of the thermostat of each convector; changes. However, it is known that this is not sierbar practical reali '· and that for this reason the need for: is automatic program system.

From the French patent specification Mr. 2 99 * 1 325 there is a heating device known, in which each convector can be individually regulated in terms of its temperature and at will can be preprogrammed for heating control.

: This well-known system works with electromechanical and elec tromagnetic devices such as synchronous clock relays etc.,

j whose disadvantages are known: operational noise, use of contacts etc. In addition, the programming is done by a

; executed central control panel, which allows the laying of numerous Cables is necessary to control each individual convector.

[The invention is based on the object of a compact program

j switching mechanism to develop that is attached to the electronic thermostat

i of each individual convector can be arranged. That

■ Program switching mechanism according to the invention should be excluded

■ any electromechanical or electromagnetic working

! Part to be made from purely electronic means.

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The solution to this problem is described in claim 1.

The stabilized voltage is advantageously achieved by the electronic thermestat supplied.

The time base for the program switching mechanism p-emäP of the invention is according to various embodiments by counting either Puarz pulses or by counting pulses of the Won the power grid. The matrix circuit of the outputs of the last counter supplies a voltage ramp or rather a pole 1 of voltage increases, starting from a value of zero up to ι a certain voltage during a period of 24 hours. ' This voltage ramp is permanently compared with the reference voltages supplied by the aforementioned voltage divider will. When the logic states of a pair of comparison circuits are similar, the normal reference voltage becomes the electronic thermostat overlaps a correction voltage.

The only three design variants of the program switchgear Invention, the daily time setting takes place automatically by that the voltage ramp is set to zero when the Counting corresponds exactly to a time difference of 24 hours. These three embodiments come with an internal voltage source equipped, which automatically enters puncture when the mains voltage fails, to a standstill and consequently a slowing down of the program switching mechanism when the mains voltage occurs again avoid.

According to a fourth embodiment of the program switching mechanism according to According to the invention, the daily time synchronization is carried out by an external pilot signal, which is used in the level to control the Switch the StroFi consumption meter to daytime electricity tariff or nighttime electricity tariff. This embodiment does not have a safety voltage source equipped, since the program switching mechanism cannot go out of step due to a power failure, unless this is the case would take 24 hours.

According to the relevant experience in the field -4-

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; of heating technology, the optimal tape program sequence is a Heating has been determined as folpt:

from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m.: 2O ⁰ C

from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.: 17 ° C

from IJh to 23h: 2n ° C

from 11pm to 5am: 17 ° C.

With the help of a switch, the user can maintain a target temperature of 20 ° during the tape, for example on a weekend. In another position of the switch, any program-related temperature change can be suppressed if the temperature is constant
is desired at night.

when a constant temperature of 20 ⁰ C both during the day and

The fact that the convector is a proprietary program switch allows individual temperature control in Every single room.

On the basis of ■ climatic data, for example for France, published by a magazine of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning industry (COSTIC), the. Energy saving as a result of using the device for a heating period that extends from October 1st to May 20th, depending on the program switch completely or only partially is used as follows:

1.) Northern France:

maximum savings: 16.3 % minimum savings: 12.5 %

2.) Area around Paris:

maximum saving: l6, P % minimum saving: 13 %

3.) South of France:

maximum savings: 25 % minimum savings: 19 %.

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In the case of an apartment of 80 m * in the oep-end around Paris with a heating capacity of 7 kV /, the consumption during the above period is approximately 14,000 kWh, unless a program chart is used. This leads to KQSten based on the average price for the kilowatt hour according to the so-called "double tariff" of around 2500 FTTC

If the program switching mechanism is used to its full extent, the saving is approx. * J20 "R ^1. , For partial use approx. 325 F.

Under these conditions, know the additional costs caused by equipment a convector with a program switchgear, can be easily amortized during a single heating season.

The completely electronic structure of the program switchgear gives This is a very reliable reliability that secures you completely noiseless operation, permanent egg production j and a lifespan that is estimated to be at least as proß as is the service life of the zupeho'ripen convector.

The invention is illustrated schematically below with reference to the figures Illustrated exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. It shows:

Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a program switchgear

pemSPi of the invention, _s interacting with an electronic thermostat, which is provided with an autonomous time base,

2a the course of Spannunp during a ^s time of 2h hours at various points of the circuit of Figure 1,

Figure 3 shows the course of the temperature of the

Convector heated room in connection with Figures 2a to 2f,

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Fipur Fipur 5

Fipur 6

Fipures 7a and 7b

a circuit diagram of a ziieiten embodiment of the program switchgear pema'Pi of the invention that is equally equipped with an autonomous time base,

a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the Profrrammschaltwerk pema \ P> the invention in which the power grid supplies the time base,

a circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the program switchgear according to the invention, in which the power grid supplies the time base and in which a possibly necessary time correction is carried out by a pilot message,

Spannunpssipnale, which the time corrections for a circuit diagram accordingly the Fipur 6.

In Fipur 1 it can be seen that a connection of a Heizunpskonvektor 1 is connected to the power grid 2. The other connection is via a triac 4 to the second terminal of the mains tied together. A conductor 5, which is connected to terminal 3, represents the negative Bezup potential of the circuit.

Terminal 2 of the power grid is also connected to terminal 7 via a resistor 6 and a capacitor 7 connected in series an electronic thermostat P connected as he is from the Applicant is sold under the designation TDA 1024 «About a resistor 9 is the terminal 2 of the power network to the Synchronisationseinpanp 6 of the thermostat P connected.

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The Auspanp "1" of the negative voltage is connected to the Femeinsamen conductor 5, while the positive Auspanpsanschluss
"P" lies on a conductor IO with positive potential. ι

A first bridge is connected between conductors 5 and 10,
which consists of a resistor 11 and a thermal resistor 12, whose connection point with the Einpanecsklemme "5" for the
Bezupsspannunp of the thermostat B is in prevention.

There is also a second bridge between conductors 5 and 10

with an adjustable resistor 13 and two fixed resistors! 14 and 15, whose connection point with the Einpanpsan-j suggested "4" for the reference voltage of the thermostat P in connection! dunp stands. Finally, an electrolytic capacitor 16 is between * the conductors 5 and 10 switched on. j

The control connection of the triac 4 is connected to j via a resistor 17 the disconnect terminal "2" of the thermostat _P_ switches on. >

The negative terminal "12" and the positive terminal "3" of a | Analopverpleichschaltunp 1_P_ with four subunits.sind each j connected to conductors 5 and 10. The positive connection "5"! and negative connection "6" of two sub-units of the analog comparator 1_P_ are connected to a first voltage divider bridge sen, which has three resistors 19, 20 and 21 between

the conductors 5 and 10 are arranged. !

The positive connection "9" and the negative connection "10" of two further subunits of the analog comparator IP_ are connected to one
second voltage divider bridge connected, the three resistors
22, 23 and 2k , which are connected between the conductors 5 and 10.

The Auspänpe "1" and "2" of the first two sub-units and the
Auspänpe "13" and "1 * 1" of the second sub-units are with the
Conductor 10 each via two resistors 25 and 26 and with the
Anodes of two diodes 27 connected to 2P. The cathodes of this
Diodes are connected to an adjustable resistor 29 with the -P-

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j EinpangsanschlaP- "4" for the reference voltage of the thermostat '' P_ in connection.

• The movable connection of a single pole changeover switch 30 with three

: Switch positions is connected to conductor 5. The fixed contact \ drawn on the left in the drawing is with the inputs. " ¹ I", "7", "P" and "11" of the comparison IP_ are connected, '. while the fixed connection of the switch 30 shown on the right in the figure is left free.

The negative pole of a first battery 31 is connected to the conductor 5. bound, while the positive pole is connected to the anode of a diode 32

• is whose cathode is connected to a second conductor 33 with positive potential. This conductor is connected to the cathode of a further diode 34, the anode of which is connected to the conductor 10. Furthermore, an electrolytic capacitor 35 is connected between the conductors 5 and 33. The positive supply connection "4" and the negative supply connection "B" of a time base generator _3_6, as it is sold by the applicant with the designation SAA 111 ¹ I, are each to the positive pole of a second battery 37 and (the second) to the conductor 5 connected, which is also connected to the negative pole of the battery 37.

^{A quartz oscillator J3J8 with the frequency 4.1943O 1} l MHz is connected to the input connections "1" and "2" of the circuit _3_6.

The output terminal "3" of the circuit 36_ is coupled to the input terminal "(Jp" of a first twelve-stage binary counter ^ 3_ £, as sold by the applicant with the designation HEF ¹ IO ¹ IOP ^. The value output "R" of the counter is connected to the "Cf" input of a second seven-stage binary counter £ 0, as sold by the applicant with the designation HEF'402 ¹ IP.

The input "CP" of the counter 39 as well as the binary digit value outputs ; ■ ge "0", "2", "4", "6" and "B" are to be connected to the inputs of a binary ; comparator £ 1, whose output is connected to the -9-

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Zero input "MR" of the counter 39. is connected.

At the place value statements "0", "1", "2", "3", " ¹ I", "5" and "6" of the counter 40 are seven resistors 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 and 4P connected, the respective second connections with the connected inputs "4", "7", "P" and "11" of the comparator IB. stay in contact. An eighth resistor 49 is connected between the combined named inputs and the conductor 5.

Two pressure switches 50 and 51 with normally open contacts, the mechanical are coupled, are between the conductor 33 and the inputs "MF?" the counter 39. and j40 switched. The latter will be just like the comparator 4_1_ fed through the conductors 5 and 33.

Apart from the microcontroller is the function of the electro-African thermostat B _- wohIJdekannt.

The variable control voltage, its change from the change in the thermal resistor 12 as a function of the ambient temperature is compared with a fixed reference voltage. If the control voltage applied to terminal "5", the If the reference voltage, which is applied to the connection "4", is exceeded, the control electrode of the triac 4 is energized and the convector is connected to the mains. The resistance of the Thermo element 12 decreased. If the voltage at terminal "5" is lower than the reference voltage, the supply of the Control electrode of the triac and consequently the power supply of the convector interrupted. A zero crossing detector that reacts to the Mains voltage is synchronized by connection "6", the triac can only be switched when the mains voltage crosses zero, thereby avoiding the generation of point disturbances.

The program switch according to Figure 1 according to the invention, works as follows:

The time base generator 36_, which is controlled by the crystal 3jR, supplies one pulse per second to the input "ÜP" of the counter J59, which is set to -10 every 675 seconds by the binary comparator 4l

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j is set to zero

The seven outputs of the counter _4 £ are through resistors 42 bis 4P switched, the fourth of which are determined so that a linearly increasing voltage VR or a so-called voltage ramp

(Figure 2a) is obtained over a period of exactly 24 hours. 'In reality, the resistor circuitry of the outputs leads

'■■ not to a continuous ramp, as shown in Figure 2a, but to a sequence of voltage levels, which; Follow at intervals of 11 minutes and 15 seconds.

The voltage ramp VR, which is achieved by the resistance andsbeschaltuner of the: outputs of the counter 40, reaches the coupled: th inputs of different polarity of two analog connections! equal units _l £, while the other inputs of the analog comparator units with four constant _{voltages VC., VC 2} , VC-, and VCw (Figure 2a) are applied.

When the voltage of the ramp VR is less than the voltage VC. is, the output "13" of the comparator _l8 ^ is in the logical State "0" and the output "i4" in the logical state "1" (Figures 2b and 2c). If the Pampe has the value VC. reached, it goes Output "13" equally in the state "1", whereby the diode 28 (Figure 2f) becomes conductive and a voltage is applied to the terminal "4" : of the thermostat jP applied via the adjustable resistor 29 ' will.

When the voltage of the ramp VR _{receives the value VC 2} , the output "14" falls into the state "0" (Fip-ur 2e), the diode 2P blocks (Figure 2f) and the terminal "4" of the thermostat P_ applied voltage drops back to its original value.

During this time during which the outputs "1" and "2" of the comparator _18_ are in the logical complementary states (Figures 2d and 2e) _s is locked diode 27 »

At ramp level VC, output "1" changes to state "1" via (Figure 2d), whereby the diode 27 (Figure 2f) conductive -11-

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The circuit according to Figure ^! contains a generator _5_2. This switches, controlled by a Puarz _5J5, three counters connected in series, two of which, namely the counters 5 ^ and 55_, have twelve stages and one, namely the counter 5 | _6, has fourteen stages. The frequency of the Puarzes is selected at 3, lPl45P MHz in such a way that exactly after the expiry of 2k hours the voltage sramDe falls back to the value zero.

This second embodiment is preferable when an analog comparator H according to Figure 1 is to be saved.

As in FIG. 1, the program switching mechanism in FIG. K is equipped with a safety battery which automatically continues operation in the event of a power failure.

In Figure 5 is a third embodiment of the program switching mechanism shown according to the invention. This is a "NAND" element 57, combined with a Schmitt-Kinp circuit, provided, of the type of integrated circuit, as sold by the applicant under the name HEF 4θ93Ρ will.

An input of the NAND element is connected to the terminal "7" of the thermostat at it _8 ^, while the output is connected to the input terminal "ÜF" of a first programmable Freauenzteilers 5Jl , (sales symbol HEF 4oiPP). The outputs "1" and "2" of the frequency divider 5 $ _ are fed back to the input "D" by an OR gate J59, while the output "4" is fed back to the input "CP" of a second programmable frequency divider _6O of the same Kind of connected. The input "D" and the output "1 |" of the latter are connected to the input "ÜP" of the twelve-stage counter 39.

The second input, the gate circuit 5Ί_ is connected to the output via a resistor 6l, a capacitor 62 being held between the second input and the conductor 5.

The gates _5_7 and J59_ and the divisors 5ft and 60 become -1

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becomes, up to the ramp level VC ^, where the output "2" in the logic Condition "O" (FIG. 2e) overpowered. In this foment it locks the diode 27 again, whereby the control voltage of the thermostat _8 is returned to the original value.

In the moments in which the diode is conducting the one or the other 27 or 2P, the setpoint of the thermostat P_ is lowered by the 'at terminal "V ANP elegte voltage, which passes for example from 20 ⁰ C to 17 ° C , whereby the temperature of the room to be heated is changed accordingly (Fipur 3).

When the switch 30 is placed in its middle position, is the programming between the voltage values VC. and VC ^ has no effect, which is indicated in FIGS. 2b, 2c, 2f and 3 by the curves drawn in dashed lines.

If the switch is in its left position, the voltage of the ramp VR drops to zero and the program ehaltwerk is completely out of order.

The resistor 49 has the task of preventing the voltage of the ramp VP from reaching a value which is too close to the value of the I supply voltage of the comparator 1? the comparison voltage VCj would be affected. j

In the event of a power failure, the operation of the program switch «is not interrupted. The quartz time base generator is fed by a battery 37 with a long service life and a safety battery 31 feeds the counters 39_ and £ 0 and the binary counter _4l_. This battery is automatically switched on due to the presence of the self-switching diodes 32 and 3 ^ when the supply voltage supplied by the thermostat _8_ disappears.

The mechanically coupled pressure switches 50 and 51 are for setting the time of the program switching mechanism during commissioning the heating provided.

- 12 -

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as well as the counters J39 » i! £ ^{and the} binary counter _4l_ fed via the conductors 5 and 33.

! The time base of this second execution format is determined by the Mains voltage oscillations received. These experience a pulse shaping by the gate circuit 5J_ and are initially through five and then divided by ten. As a result, a frequency of 1 Hz is reached at the "UP" input of the counter 3> 9_, which is the Conditions of the circuit diagram of Figure 1 corresponds.

If the mains voltage fails, the gate circuit 57 works as Oscillator with a frequency as close as possible to 50 Hz. This is done by choosing the appropriate values for the Resistor 61 and capacitor 62 achieved.

In Figure 6 is a further embodiment of the program switchgear shown according to the invention. The connection 63 for the pilot signal is connected to the cathode via a resistor 64 Rectifier diode 65 connected, the anode of which is connected to the anode of a Zener diode 66, the cathode in turn with the conductor 5, which is at negative potential, is connected.

The anode of the diode 65 is likewise connected to one terminal of a resistor 67, the other terminal of which is connected to a capacitor 68 is in communication. An electrolytic capacitor 69 with a shunt resistor 70 is between the terminals of the capacitor 68 and the conductor 5 switched.

The other terminal of the capacitor 70 is connected to the conductor 5 via a resistor 71 and at the same time to the zero setting inputs "MR" of the two twelve-stage binary counters 7_2_ and 7_3>, the connected in series. The input "CP" of the counter 7J? is connected to the supply terminal by a pulse shaper circuit J_4_ "7" of the thermostat _P coupled.

The seven evaluation resistors 42 to 48 are connected to the outputs connected for the binary digits "3" to "9" of the counter 7_3. An eighth resistor 75 is connected to the binary digit output -14-

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"10" switched.

The counters _7_2_, _J_3 and the pulse shaper Vj_ are fed directly by the direct voltage supplied by the thermostat P_ between the conductors 5 and 10.

This fourth embodiment works with direct counting of the oscillations of the mains voltage, which counting is carried out by the two counters 7_2 and Tb_ connected in series. However, the time correction is carried out by an external signal which is picked up at terminal $ 3 and branched off from the pilot signal line of the electrical line.

This pilot signal is used to switch the electricity meter for dual tariff customers. During a period of 2k hours, the connection 63 is with respect to the neutral conductor

on
the mains voltage (terminal 3) / "a voltage Mull in the time from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. and at a voltage of 220 volts from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.

This voltage, rectified by the diode 65 and stabilized by the Zener diode 66, supplies a negative direct voltage at the terminals of the latter, which appears at 10 p.m. and disappears at 6 a.m. (FIG. 7a). When the voltage ι disappears, a positive voltage pulse is obtained at the terminal of the capacitor 6P shown on the right in the figure (FIG. 7b), by means of which the counters 72 and Yb_ are set to zero.

In Figure 7b the size of the impulse is shown greatly exaggerated, because a time interval of 24 hours is recorded.

In this embodiment, the evaluation resistors are chosen so that the voltage ramp automatically falls to zero after 23 hours and 33 minutes every half hour before the external zero pulse occurs. This does not cause any complications for the programming under consideration, since the ramp increases starting from zero and falls back to zero again after 27 minutes. During this time the stress amplitude remains below ₁ (-

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the voltage VC ₁ , whereby the switching program is not affected.

j If it were p-e desired to make a program change during this 27th

j minutes, it is sufficient to have an eighth valuation

J stood to switch 75 to digit output "10" of counter Γ3.

j This means that the voltage ramp is located when the

! external zeroing pulse in the growth area.

Contrary to the three other design variants, the last one contains + re no safety battery in the event of a power failure « if. As a result of the daily zero setting by a pilot signal, the program sequence is interrupted by a failure of the mains voltage only affected during a period of no more than 24 hours:

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Claims (1)

OHi ^ LR PSItTSCH
m "OPEN 21
G0TTHA2DSTP.B « March 23, 197P R.Φ.C. La Padiotechnique-Compelec 10.235 -V / Wed Patent claims: Days program ehalt mechanism, in particular for Enerpieeinsparunp by controlling the Heizunp consisting of an electric ,, to an electronic thermostat equipped convector which prop-rammschaltwerk inter alia, a plurality of electronic in series p-eschalteten Impulsbiniirzählern comprises, characterized pekennzeichnet ₃ that the Ausrn 'np-e for the
different binary points of the last payer (40, 56, _S 73) are connected by a resistor network (42 to 4P), _s
that the point common to these resistors is connected to the first Einpc ⁵ npen of an even number of .Analopverp-leich, that the second EinpHnpe of the Analopverpleicher to
a point of a resistor chain (19 to 24) are connected, which is connected between the terminals of a stabilized voltage source, and that the output of the analog comparators, connected in pairs, on the one hand via a resistor (25, 26) to a terminal of the stabilized voltage source and on the other hand to a terminal of the reference voltage input of the electronic thermostat (8) are connected. 2. Propram switching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that that the voltage stabilized by the electronic thermostat (P) is delivered. - 2— 809839/1028 3. Proerram circuit according to claims 1 and 2, thereby p-e- j indicates that there is a nuarzpest-controlled time base penera-! tor (3P, 3?) contains pulses with a repeat frequency ί of 1 Hz to the input of a first counter (39); i to which a binary comparator ( ² II) is connected. · ² J. program switching mechanism according to claims 1 and 2, thereby pe-; indicates that it contains a crystal controlled time base generator (53), the pulses with a repeat frequency of. 3.1Ρ145Ρ MHz to the Einpanpr a counting chain (5 ¹ *, 55, 56); supplies. 5. Program switching mechanism according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that there is a NAND code and a Schmitt flip-flop circuit contains existing circuit (57), under whose inputs one is connected to the power grid
and its output via a combination of Freauenzteiler (5 ?, 60) with the division ratio 50 to the input of a
first binary counter (39) is placed, to which a binary comparator
(4l) is assigned. 6. Program switching mechanism according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains at least one battery and two self-switching] diodes which ensure the voltage supply of the \ time base generator and the counting chain in the event of a power failure. 7. Program switching mechanism according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the circuit (57) consisting of the NAND element and the Schmitt flip-flop circuit (57) during normal operation
as a pulse shaper for the power supply pulses and in the event of failure
the mains voltage as a pulse generator to generate
Pulses with a repetition frequency of 50 Hz works. -3- 809839/1028 Prop.rammschaltwerk according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the connections for the zero position of the binary counter is connected via a capacitor (6P) to an Oleicbrichterschaltunp (65) for the pilot signal and that the Einpanp.sanschluss of the first counter ( 72) is supplied to the power grid via a pulse shaper. 8 0 9 8 3 9 / 102B