DE2415382A1 - HEAT TRANSFER - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys! - "^{'29 March 1974}

PH0F.DR.DR.J.RE1TST0TTER "."'"' · - ^ M / 15168

DR. W. KfKZEBACH AGRESTO AG. ... - "" γΜ / 1518θ

-B MÖNCHEN «, BAUERSTR. 22 - · "" "'

P.O. Box 700 St. Gallen, Switzerland ^ p

. - ' 25382

Heat exchanger

The invention relates to heat exchangers for the transfer of heat between "two or more Gaseous and / or liquid media to be kept separate from one another. ;

In contrast to what was previously known, the invention allows the economical production of heat exchangers in the modular system in different sizes and for different requirements through the Assembling according to the invention of very simple ones, produced in large series and with few deviations Components,> in form and design according to the invention with unprocessed, only in the Length of cut pipe and rod material. Exchangeable elements in the arrangement according to the invention take over the seal between the media to the outside and the mounting of the tubes and rods. By variations in the assembly of the elements, according to the invention 'heat exchangers with kloinen, medium and large transmission capacities and with small or large pressure drops in the media Made for small or large static pressures and low or high temperatures suitable.

4.09841 / 0345

AGRESTO AG

P.O. Box 715 '. .

ST. GALLEN '241538

The heat exchangers built according to the invention can subsequently be expanded or reduced in a simple manner at any time, or their flow or heat transfer characteristics can be changed.

The subsequent change to the Materials for the heat transfer heating surfaces partially or entirely possible. The heat exchangers according to the invention can be made of various metallic or non-metallic Materials are made within the same heat exchanger according to the invention different or identical materials such as steel, plastic, ceramics, graphite, glass, minerals, multilayer materials or materials with appropriate protective covers are used able to meet the different demands of the different to be heated or cooled Meet media. ■ '

409841/0345

AGRESTO AG

P.O. Box 715. _QO

ST. Ci'-ViM 24 I 5382

The previously known heat exchangers are

usually for each individual requirement • calculated, dimensioned and manufactured, whereby the heating surface between the media with the jacket construction or the flanges and are permanently connected (e.g. by welding). We also know arrangements in heat exchangers, which allow the replacement of heating surface tubes without material destruction, e.g. by means of a stuffing box-like holder and sealing of the heating surface tubes in tube plates and flanges etc. However, they are always heavy and expensive heat exchangers with external flange constructions, which are firmly and permanently connected to the coat. The heat exchangers of these could be Constructions can only be made in length and diameter certain heating surface tubes that require additional processing, such as thread cutting, Have flanges, widenings, etc. A change after the production of these 'well-known' Heat exchangers with regard to the arrangement of the heating surfaces, the flow or the pipe lengths

409841 / U345

P.O. Box 715 · ■ · ν. ■ '

and the jacket construction is not economically feasible, so that each for every need a special construction has to be developed, calculated and manufactured ".

All of the mentioned disadvantages of the known heat exchangers are due to the designs remedied by the invention by arbitrarily selectable jacket and heating surface pipes according to the invention pressurized resilient panels sealed and held within a simple element and the various necessary elastic plates with hard, rigid plates and distance and pressure transmission elements have been combined so that only one, from the outside an easily accessible arrangement, e.g. screws, is necessary, mn to put all elastic plates inside the element under pressure and all sealing points of the To seal the heating surface pipes, the jacket pipes and between the media and from the media to the outside and hold the pipes.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the shape, the structure and the production of components is shown, which accommodate the various elastic and rigid sealing plates, the pressure transmission elements as well as the heating surface and jacket pipes and pass on the various media that are separate from one another.

■ 40984.1 /03.45.

AGRESTO AQ

715.

ST. GALLEN "■ 2415382

An example implementation of the component for assembly with simple, only in the

• Length of trimmed jacket and heating surface tubes To carry heat of any size, is in the Figs. 5-9 are shown.

Fig. 5 shows an element tube 31 with, for example, 2 cutouts A and B.

In the exemplary embodiment, these cutouts are preferably rectangular in shape carried out approximately half the circumference. According to the invention, however, these sections can also be used have other shapes.

Fig. 6 shows the joining of two element pipe pieces 31 and. 32 to 'a double head! Ement where the cutouts should come to lie opposite. The two pieces of pipe get one common line of contact along the tube walls without cutout. This line of contact is interrupted at the cutout point. Preferably the lines of contact were boi dor 'Exemplary embodiment of the invention welded tightly, these weld seams are under 33 and 34 in FIG.

409841 / 034S

AGRESTÖ

P.O. Box 715 '. O / 1 K O Q

7 and 8 show a preferred type of bridging and connection of the opposing cutouts of the element tubes. It should for example, webs between the cutouts and between the cutouts and the pipe ends 35, 38 and 39 and welded to the element tubes 31 and 32. With the attachment of the cover plates 36 and 37 in Fig. Then the transfer channels of a Element tube 31 to the other element tube 32 closed to the outside and sealed. According to the invention, the cutouts A and B on the one hand from the pipe ends, on the other hand under each other have such a large distance that the whole pipe rings remaining in between are long enough to to accommodate at least one complete sealing arrangement, consisting of elastic and rigid plates.

Transfer channels in head pieces according to the invention can also be made by means of appropriately shaped angle pieces, for example according to FIG. 9 No. 40, the 36 and 35, or, if only one channel is to be bridged, by means of U-shaped profiles according to 41 been covered.

A098A1 / 03A5

AGRESTO AG,

P.O. Box 715

9001 sT.piv.iN 2415382

In the case of large series, the double head elements can, for example, have the shape according to FIG. 8 Casting or pressing are produced.

A further embodiment of the component according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14. In this exemplary embodiment, the cutouts B in the element tubes 31 and 32 are made semicircular. The two tubes 31 and have been joined together so that the cutouts are opposite, but above the line of contact of the two tubes come to rest. At the line of contact, the .through, not the two cutouts is interrupted, the-two element tubes 31 and 32 welded together. The two semicircular pipe sections B complement each other to form one Circle formed by the pipe end of a 'pre-welding

flanges 33 is covered.

This gives the Doppelkopfelemont a connection,

at the same time a distribution of the medium flow arises. With this arrangement one can create a medium in parallel flow through the heat exchanger

Guide invention. With 30 are welded 12-14 in the drawings Designated screw bolts, with the help of which the Pressing is generated in the seals.

409841/0345

8a and 8b show views of a completely manufactured, ready-to-use Double head element in an exemplary embodiment according to the invention. In addition to Fig. Screw bolts 30 are attached, which are used to press the to be pushed into the element Sealing plates are intended to serve. j

Furthermore, each ″ element tube receives 31 and 32 one rigid and inelastic plate for the bracket and firmly connected to the tubes Seal the jacket tubes.

Fig. 8b is a view drawing in the direction of the transfer channels. Fig. 8a is a view drawing in the direction of the element tube openings, into which the jacket and heating surface tubes are inserted.

In Fig. 8f, the example embodiment of FIG. 8b is shown in section with the imported heating surface tubes 15 and jacket tubes and the sealing and holding elements 19, 21, 25, 26 and Spacer elements 22 and the end caps 29 and

40984.1 / 0345

Fig. 8f shows the complete equipment of a double head element in an exemplary manner Execution according to the invention. The pressure generated by the screws is on the cover 29 on the Loosely inserted ring 21 transferred. The ring 21, considered to be a stiff, difficult to deform plate, sets the ring 19 made of elastic material, valid as an elastic, easily deformable plate, under internal pressure. The material of the plate 19 should be easily deformable but practically incompressible, so that the plate is practical completely fills the entire available cavity and against all walls that of the rigid Plate contained'pressure.

This material pressure against the extension tube 33 and against the element tube 32 creates absolute Tightness. The material pressure of the elastic, easily deformable plate 19 also acts on the pressure-transferring-protruding spacer element; 22, which thereby the rigid, difficult to deform plate 26 presses against the elastic, easily deformable plate 25. This pressure puts the elastic plate 25 under internal material pressure, which is also here after all

Directions against all boundary surfaces continues. ·

.409841 / 0345

. jo ;

The elastic material is pressed against the outer walls of the heating surface tubes 15 and the inner wall of the element tube 32. This creates a seal on these pipe surfaces C and a holder for the heating surface pipes 15 1m element pipe 32.

The all-round pressure effect of the elastic material of the plate 25 is transferred to the rigid plate 26 and via the distance 22 to the elastic, easily deformable plate 19. The elastic material of the plate 19 presses against the jacket tube 8 and the element tube 32 , so that the seal and holder for the jacket tube 8 is created. _f

Of the. Pressure of the elastic plate 19 naturally also acts on the ring 21 made of hard, heavy deformable material. However, this ring is firmly connected to the element tube "32, to which the screws 30 are attached. Thus, the circuit, ' closed.

F.ig. 8e shows the same view as FIG. 8a but with Tubes introduced heating surface tubes 15 and jacket and the end cover 29.

409841/034 *

. , FIG. 8c that shown in Fig. 8b <". \ 'Double header j on average without the heating surface ^[i.! And cladding tubes, but with pushed-dense / H ¹ .. ^1.

, ■ ■ 'Γι ■' -

management and holding elements. j, · / " ^l! "^;

The registered numbers denote the same> ■ i Objects as in Fig. 8f.

Fig. 8d shows an example of an embodiment of a double head element according to the invention with only one Transition channel from the element tube 31 to the element tube 32. That flowing in the heating surface tubes Medium is used outside of the double head element in the Transition tube 14, which is firmly connected to the rigid plates 26. /, transferred. ·. ■. . ■, j The rigid plate 26 is counteracted by the loose flange plate 29 by means of the screws 30; the elastic, easily deformable plate 25 is pressed. The further course of the function of the seal and The bracket for the heating surface tubes and jacket tubes is * for Fig. 8f shown in detail and with the same designation numbers,

AO 98 A 1/03 4 * 5 ORfGlNAU INSPECTED

The exemplary embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 8d enables the flow through the heat exchanger for media that are with the material of the the coupling head element and the spacer elements must not come into contact. . .

■ »■

409841/0345

According to the invention, different types'

produced by heat exchangers,. '·' "'.-" for example:

a) Heat exchanger for heating and or Cooling of media due to the risk of corrosion and / or incrustations, deposits and or because of the danger of radiation etc. on the whole way through the heat exchanger only with are allowed to come into contact with a certain material and or are sheathed by this material have to be and this material can neither be welded nor connected in a sorist manner. The second fluid, which "heats" to or away from, constitutes in most of these

Cases smaller requirements for the materials. Fig.11, 'shows the design of a heat exchanger according to the invention for the heating or cooling of such a demanding medium. The demanding medium flows through the heat exchanger within the connection flanges 31 »of Heating surface tubes 15 and the pipe bend 14. The Connection flanges 31, the tubes 15 and pipe bends do not require any additional processing.

• ■■ 409 * 41 / 03-4B ·

and are not connected to the heat exchanger. They are held and sealed by the elastic plates 25. The tubes 15, bends and flanges 31 can be made of any material such as glass, earthenware, lead, copper, carbon, rubber, etc., or coated materials, or multilayer materials, and can be easily replaced or cleaned. The elastic plates 19 hold and seal the casing pipes, which can also be freely selected in terms of material and receive no processing other than the preselected longitudinal section. Di-.e Kopfelcmcnte 20 and 27 take the rigid and resilient plates 19, 2L ₁ 25, 26 and the spacer elements 22. The second liquid, which transports the heat there or away, flows through the heat exchanger via the connection flanges 32, the hollow spaces and spaces formed by the spacer elements 22 between the jacket tubes 8 and the heating surface tubes 15.

409841/0345

b) heat exchangers for heating or cooling

of media related to the material from which the • elastic and rigid plates as well as the head elements have been made. Come into contact to be allowed to; '·.

Naturally, the choice of materials for the head elements is limited to the materials that welded or potted or coated can. Nevertheless, the choice of materials is still very large, so that most media and heat exchangers are treated according to the invention and FIG can be.

The first liquid enters the cavity 33 through the flange connection 31, for example. It is distributed in, for example, seven sub-spaces 34 (only 3 visible in the section in FIG. 1Q) and flows through it Heating surfaces 15 inserted in the jacket tube 8. The seven partial flows combine in the cavity 35. The first liquid is now dated Cavity 35 transferred through the transition channel 36 in the head element 28 into the cavity 37.

409 8 41 / 03V5

Here again a distribution occurs in, for example, seven partial streams 38, which are located in the cavity 39 of the next head element 28 to unite after common transfer through the transition canal 40 in the cavity 41 again into partial flows 42 to split up. . Collected in the cavity 43, transferred through the transition channel 44 into the cavity 45, the last distribution in this example takes place in the substreams 46.

Before leaving the heat exchanger through the flange connection 31, the first liquid has settled with changed temperatures in cavity 47 ·. collected.

The second liquid passes through the connection flange 32 into the cavity 51 of the head element 27 if the heat exchanger is to work, for example, according to the so-called countercurrent principle. In the subsequent interior '52 of the jacket pipe Ground the seven heating surface tubes, for example flows around the second liquid, which then via the cavity 53, the transition channel 54 and the Cavity 55 of the head! a te s 28 in the interior of the jacket pipe 8 where it flows.

409841/0345

.Tr

Further, the path of the second liquid passes over

the spaces 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 to the last cavity 67 in order to exit the heat exchanger via the connection 32. The. Free rummage ble jacket tubes 8 in material, diameter and length are sealed by the elastic plates 19 and held. The elastic plate receives the necessary internal material pressure through the plate 21 and the pressure-transmitting spacer element 22. With the same force through the. Screws 30 generated by the elastic plate is _beidse: itigen, compressed rigid plates 26 and seals and supports thereby the Heizf.lächenröhre 15. The flanged shoulder "33 of the blank flanges 29 is likewise sealed with an elastic plate nineteenth

In the heat exchanger according to FIG. 9, for example ^: 4 jacket tubes by means of 3 double head elements and '! 2 single head elements connected in series. Heat exchangers according to the invention and the type according to FIG. 9 can be assembled with any number of jacket tubes containing any number of Ileizflächeröhren.

409841/034

Disassembled by simply loosening the screws 30. the heat exchanger according to the invention immediately 'into the individual jacket and heating surface tubes that are only trimmed in length and are otherwise unworked and the individual prefabricated head elements. This enables the revision and cleaning options, the exchangeability and conversion of the Construction to a previously unknown extent e-facilitates.

40 98 41/03 4-5

c) Heat exchangers for the heating or cooling of media that may come into contact with the materials of the jacket, pipe, plates and spacer elements, but in which word is placed on exchangeability of the heating surfaces and their mechanical cleaning, especially for smaller outputs and; large numbers of exactly the same design and size. Embodiments are, and in Figures 1 For this application of the invention and shown und'4 3. ¹

In these exemplary embodiments, this is the various sealing plates and spacer elements The receiving pipe section extends directly to the casing pipe 8 *, which also provides the connections for contains the two media flowing through the heat exchanger.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has the same jacket tube as the example 3 and 4, but are in the two Examples of different types of heating surfaces installed.

4098 * 1/0346

These "heat exchangers are therefore still changeable in terms of the heating surface tubes, the number and the diameter. The embodiment according to Fig. 1-4. The invention results in extremely inexpensive, easy-to-manufacture heat exchangers for the heating of domestic water., Bathing water, swimming pool heating, air cooler according to Compression etc. In the application examples mentioned , easy cleaning and exchangeability of the heating surfaces is of great importance. The heat transfer medium 32, e.g. heating water, steam or cooling water etc. enters the heat exchanger through the nozzle, flows around the heating tubes and leaves the heat exchanger through the nozzle Jacket tube 8 inserted heating surface tubes are through the elastic plates 12 and 20 sealed and held. The end on the front

41/0345

Both casing pipe ends are made by the two elastic plates 6 and 25, which are pressed by the two rigid PU ⁺ for ^ ure 5 and 7, as well as 24 and 26.

The force generated by the screws 1 and 30 is transmitted through the loosely applied flanges 3 and 26 to the sealing plates 5, 6 and 7 as well as 26, 25 and 24. The Kraftllbertragungselementc 9 and 22 provide in conjunction with don RUckhaltonockcn 14 and 18 for the compression is between the rigid plates 11 and 13 and 19 and 21 lying elastic plates 12 and 20

4 0 9 8 4 1 / o 3 4 5

Claims (11)

PRINT PATENTANS 1. Heat exchanger, consisting of components for the Construction of heat exchangers of any size with freely selectable series and / or parallel flow for two or several separate media, characterized in that for the assembly of the elements y, u dom chosen heat exchanger simple, at any time .Lo i L Exchangeable tubes, cut only in length, otherwise unprocessed tubes with freely selectable cross-sectional shapes and made of freely selectable material can be used and these tubes have the heat transfer function as a heating surface and take over the jacket function as jacket pipe, the seal between and from the media to the outside and the support of the various tubes by elastic, easily deformable plates that cover the completely fill in the free cross-section between the tubes and the walls of the building element, by placing each elastic plate axially from both sides through rigid, difficult to deform plates with the same Cross-sectional shape is compressed so that the elastic , easily deformable material sideways against the pipe walls and element walls and the Holds tubes radially in the element and seals and dio required at the various sealing points axial forces one after the other from point to point by means of exchangeable pressure rings or individual pressure columns are transferred so that, in order to put all the elastic plates inserted in the component under pressure, from the outside only a single, rigid, difficult to deform plate has to be pressed axially. 409841/0345 2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the seal between the media and to the outside partially or entirely by means of O-rings (so-called O-rings). 3. Wärmoübortragor according to claim I ₁ characterized gokoiinzolclmo t that the seal between the media and after auiJon takes place in part or entirely by prefabricated lip sealing elements. 4. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element with the jacket tube is inseparably united, so that only the tubes with heat transfer function as a heating surface can be exchanged are arranged. 5. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket tube between the Sealing points connections are given to lead the media in or out of the heat exchanger. 6. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the rigid, difficult to deform plates is fixed and non-releasable with the Component is connected, preferably that which is used to hold and seal the casing tube. 7 heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components consist of two or more adjacent pipe pieces with round or non-circular cross-section of the same shape and size, with each tube having the same cut-outs receives, which go in a rectangular shape up to half the circumference, and that the pipe pieces rotated in such a way, come to lie alongside and opposite each other, 98 4 1 / Ü34B that transition skifuals can be formed with outer covers for the transfer of the separate media flowing through the heat exchanger from one element tube to or to the other, and that the cutouts axially from the tube edges and also lined up ao large distances ha bon that the rest.L #; _v u; <the remaining full pipe ring surfaces are long enough to accommodate the rigid and elastic plates required for sealing and holding the pipes inserted into the structural element. 8. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brought together Tubes welded together at the points of contact. will. 9. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims. characterized in that one or all of the cutouts reach approximately a quarter of the circumference and that the line of derivation of the pipes from servant cutouts not be interrupted. 10. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more cutouts in each tube approximately in the shape of a semicircle » are designed so that they are joined together a circular area divided in the middle by the line of contact and are bridged by a pipe connection. 11. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims «·, characterized in that the transition channels that unite the cutouts are connecting pieces or flanges obtained to lead a medium in or out of the heat exchanger. 409841/0 3 45 12, heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in: that the component consists only of a tube and connections to SteXle of the cutouts
are provided so that the media can be fed into or out of the heat exchanger. 409841/0345 Blank page