DE2402486A1 - PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE ADHESION OF METALWORKING COOLANT TO METAL SURFACES - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

Or. -Ing. HANS RUSCHKE Dipl.-Ing. OLAF R ¹ JSCMKE Dipl.-Ing. HANS E. RUSCHKE '

1 BERLIN 33 - IM 7d4 - Auguste-Viktoria-Straße 65.

IMalco Chemical Company, Chicago, Illinois, U.St.A.

Process for improving the adhesion of metalworking coolants on metal surfaces

In the metalworking industry it is now common to use είπε variety of To use metalworking coolants. These coolants act in two ways UleisE, namely they dissipate heat from the surface of the workpiece and the tool and smear the interface between the surface of the ES The workpiece and the tool, which extends the life of the tool and the general properties of the finished workpiece are improved will. Metalworking coolants are used in many metalworking and fine-tuning or polishing processes, which are generally associated with typical Machines such as lathes, stretchers, automatic clamping tools, Milling machines, lapping machines and the like, are carried out.

In the past 20 years there have been improved metalworking coolants in terms of development Great advances have been made, and these coolants are most commonly in the form of water-based liquids APPROPRIATE.

Modern metalworking coolants can generally be found in the following group-ρεη to be grouped:

1. Synthetic coolants, i.e. those that are water-soluble. These products are delivered in concentrated form and thinned with UJasBEr, when used in a machine tool.

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2. Semi-synthetic coolants, i.e. those that contain less than 5o% Dl in the concentrated form. This type of coolant generally has a high emulsifier content, a low or medium Oil drop diameter results, which in turn often lead to a clear Product leads. These products are also in concentrated form supplied and then diluted for use in a machine.

3. Soluble oil or coolant. This type comes in the form of an oil with added emulsifiers. The coolant must be water when used in a machine tool. That Coolant forms a milky emulsion.

Besides the above types of coolants, there is a fourth type that is a Metalworking coolant or a liquid of the pure oil type and the application of which is not covered by the invention. Like the information above can be taken, all of the above coolants are directly in front their application diluted with water. Some components are soluble in water, while other ingredients mix with water to form an oil-in-water emulsion are emulsified, which is then applied to the interface between tool and workpiece.

The application of these metalworking coolants is accomplished using a hose-like nozzle and applying a stream of the coolant directly made on the area between the tool and the workpiece. By doing The extent to which the metalworking coolant interacts with the surface of the workpiece or comes into contact with the tool, which is generally the The workpiece or the tool is in a rotating motion, this tends to occur Metalworking coolant added to the rotating workpiece Dder Tool that is being rotated to be thrown away due to the effect of centrifugal force. This results in metalworking coolants in Form of fine droplets are removed from the workpiece or the tool. In addition, the metalworking coolant is often carried away from the area to which it is applied, namely by splashing, which takes place when the liquid touches the surfaces to which it is applied will come into contact. Due to the loss of metalworking fluids

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Significant amounts of fluid caused by centrifugal force and splashing are released the liquid is lost into the environment and is not used for cooling and lubricating the tool and workpiece. With certain limited Applications, these liquids are applied in the form of fine mist, much of the liquid can be discharged into the environment, before the liquid comes into contact with the tool or workpiece.

If possible, metalworking fluids of the specified type to be treated with a chemical agent which allows the liquid to be treated after contacting the workpiece and / or tool adheres more firmly, weakening the effects caused by splashing and the centrifugal force would occur, less fluid at the time Metalworking of the specified type are required. Such an addition should not only be caused by splashing and centrifugal force Reduce losses that occur, but should also not adversely affect the cooling and lubricating effects of the metalworking fluid and also do not change their compatibility with water. If such an addition were available, it would be a significant improvement in the field of metalworking.

The invention proposes a method for improving the adhesion of water-dispersible Metal working coolant on metal surfaces to which these agents are applied, which is characterized in that the aqueous phase of said coolant prior to application of the same a metal surface adds at least 5 ppm of a water-soluble polymer with a molecular weight of at least 100,000 and then the metalworking coolants applies to a metal surface.

According to the invention it has been found that the ability to be water dispersible Metalworking coolants, to adhere more firmly to metal surfaces to which the coolants are applied, is imparted by being the aqueous phase of such coolants before applying the same to the relevant metal surfaces at least 5 ppm of a water-soluble polymer adds, the water-soluble polymer preferably by polymerizing at least one monoolefinic compound by an ali-

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Phatic unsaturated group has been formed and said polymer has a molecular weight of at least 1oo aoo.

The water-soluble polymers

As indicated above, the polymers according to the invention should have a molecular weight have over 1oo ooo. Very preferred polymeric additives have a molecular weight of at least 3αα οοα. In many cases that is enough Molecular weight of the polymeric additives even from 1 to 1o million or more.

The preferred polymeric structures result from the polymerization of at least one mono-olefinic compound by an aliphatic unsaturated group to form a water-dispersible synthetic Polymer with a structure practically free of crosslinking. The polymer is therefore suitable for solubilizing or sufficiently dispersing the particular metalworking fluid to be treated. Treatment agents, which uiie found murdered, especially for the purposes of the invention are suitable, are water-dispersible synthetic polymers with a linear hydrocarbon structure and with a hydrophilic group in a side chain from the carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxamide, Hydroxy, pyridine, pyrrolidone, hydroxyalkyl ether, carboxylic acid salt groups and mixtures of these groups.

Generally speaking, the effective polymer treatment agents fall into three Classes, namely (1) those consisting of polymeric organic substances which in an aqueous medium have organic anions with a significant Form number of negative electrical charges that are distributed at several points on the polymer, (2) those from polymeric prganischen substances exist, which form organic cations with a considerable number of positive charges in an aqueous medium, which at several points of the Polymerisats are distributed, and (3) those consisting of polymeric organic substances that do not form ions in an aqueous medium, but nevertheless contain a sufficient number of hydrophilic groups to be water-dispersible to be. The substances of the first class are referred to here as anionic organic polymers, the substances of the second class are

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referred to here as cationic organic polymers, and the substances The third class are here as nonionic organic polymers "The substances of the first two classes can also use polyelectrolytes to be named.

The term "polyelectrolyte" is to be understood to include synthetic organic Polymers detected that form organic ions in an aqueous medium with a considerable number of electrical charges that are distributed in several places.

The synthetic organic polymers, which only contain carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride and containing carboxylic acid salt groups in a side chain are anionic. The synthetic organic polymers that only contain pyridine or similar nitrogen-containing nuclei are cationic. The synthetic organic polymers that only contain a carboxamide pyrrolidone, containing a hydroxy, a hydroxyalkyl ether and / or an alkoxy group in a side chain are nonionic. The invention suggests the use of polymers which contain anionic, cationic and / or nonionic groups. The invention also suggests use of mixtures of anionic, cationic and / or nonionic water-dispersible synthetic organic polymers.

The following synthetic organic polymers explain the types of polymers which, as has been found, for the implementation of the Invention are suitable:

Table Number designation

1 polyacrylate sodium salt

2 Polymethacrylate Sodium Salt (Polymethacrylate Acid

Sodium salt)

³ Maleic anhydride-Winylacetat-Copolymerisat ^ Polyvinylmethyläthermaleinsäureanhydrid

5 methacrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer

G ■ "polyacrylic acid

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7 isopropenyl acetate maleic anhydride sodium salt

CopolymErisat

B itaconic acid-vinyl acetate copolymer

9 polyvinylpyridine hydrachloride

10 alpha-methylstyrene maleic anhydride sodium salt

Copolymer

11 polyvinyl pyrrolidone

12 Styrene-maleic anhydride sodium salt copolymer risate

13 polyvinyl alcohol

14 polyuinylmethyl ether

15 methyl methacrylate maleic anhydride sodium salt

Copolymer

16 Acrylic acid-styrene copolymer

Any of the Polyelektrolytsn described in US Patent 2,625,529 can be used for Zuscks represent invention VErmendst UErdEn "Isienn the PolyniErisate according ihrsn Μοπογπεγεπ ingredients bszEichnEt UErdsn bszishEn, to dis not limited for this CopalymErisatE VEruiEndEtsn name on dan MalEkülaufbau and are PnlyniErisatE, dis by dis CapclymErisation dEr spE-ζϊεΙΙεπ ΜοηαΐτίΕΓΕΠ are manufactured and manufactured. In visual cases, identical copolymers can be produced and grounded from other ΜϋηοπίΕΓΕΠ and conversion through subsequent chemical conversion to the desired capalinizate.

üJEnn the CDpolytiiErisat from a polycarbonate derivative and at least one The polycarboxylic acid derivative can come from other manamers that can be polymerized with it Maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, Aconitic acid, citric acid, the amides of these acids, the alkali salt (e.g. Sodium, halium and lithium salt), the alkaline earth salt (including magnesium, calcium, Barium and ammonium salt) and the ammonium salt of these acids, Youie the silalkyl esters (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl methyl esters), the salts of these partial alkyl esters and the substituted amides of these polycarboxylic acids the hydrophilic maleic acid derivatives are one of the starting components for the formation of the copolymer νεΓωεηαεΐ merden, can üie hydrophobic comonomers, e.g. Styrene, alpha-methy! Styrene, vinyltalual, Chlorostyrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl formate, vinyl alkyl ethers, alkyl acrylates, Alky! Methacrylate, ethylene, propylene and / or isobutylene.

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The above copolymers are preferably made more equimolar by reaction Portions of a polycarboxylic acid derivative and at least one other monomer obtain. However, certain hydrophilic derivatives and unsaturated polycarboxylic acids can be used in less than equimolar proportions with some of the less hydrophobic comonomers, e.g. vinyl formate and vinyl acetate, polymerized will.

Except for the homopolymers and copolymers of the monomers just mentioned can be combinations thereof or other terpolymeric substances in general can also be used to reduce mist from sprayed herbicidal liquid concentrates. Belong to a very preferred group polymerized acrylamide as one of the components of either a copolymer or a terpolymer. In general, the copolymer contains or terpolymers of acrylamide as a main component. Too very preferred Polymers include acrylamide-acrylonitrile copolymers and acrylamide-maleic acid-methacrylic acid ("methacrylic") terpolymers.

Besides the results described above with cationic and anionic organic Materials very beneficial results have been obtained when using high molecular weight ethylene oxide polymers. These Polymers have a viscosity of 50 to 30,000 cP at 25 C when they are in 0.5 to 5 percent aqueous solutions. To achieve the best Results, these polymers should have molecular weights above one million. The lower molecular weight materials have those that assume about 2od doo. These polymers are made by heating suitable amounts of ethylene oxide with molecules acting as initiators, such as ethanol, Ethylene glycol and the like, in a sealed tube for 6 or more Hours prepared in the presence of a catalyst. To suitable catalysts include alkaline earth carbonates such as strontium or calcium carbonate. Although ethylene oxide condensation polymers are the most preferred materials are, other nonionic, polypolar polymers are not of one Use according to the invention excluded. The expression "polypolar polymers" relates to polymers with several nonionic groups, making these polymers hydrophilic. To such connections which can be suitably used according to the invention include

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Polyacrylamide ,, polysubstituted acrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones and polyvinyl oxazolidones as indicated above.

Organic polymeric coagulants of vegetable and cellulosic origin can also be used in the new process according to the invention will. These include water-soluble or dispersible starches, starch derivatives, Dextrans, phosphatic starches, Ghatti Bum, Jaguar Bum, Oohannisbratharz, Carboxymethyl cellulose and other known water-soluble vegetable High molecular weight gums and resins and their derivatives.

Most of the above-mentioned polymers are in the form of solid substances that have to be brought into the aqueous phase of the metalworking fluid before the latter is applied to a workpiece and / or tool will. In the case of high molecular weight polymers such as sodium polyacrylate, extremely long agitation periods are often required required to completely dissolve the polymer. This means that certain working conditions must be met in order to enable the polymer to be dissolved in the aqueous phase of the metalworking coolant in the required time.

In order to allow greater versatility with regard to the preparation time for the addition of the polymers to the metalworking coolants, it has been found that a convenient method for rapidly dissolving these polymers, as described in US Pat. No. 3 GZk 019, can be used. This US patent is referred to here. This US patent essentially teaches that water-soluble polymers of the type described above, if they are first prepared in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, can be quickly dissolved in water by inverting such emulsions.

The water-in-oil emulsions

The water-in-oil emulsions described above can be prepared according to a number of known ones Procedures are produced. The oils used to make these emulsions can be selected from a wide variety of organic liquids can be chosen from the liquid hydrocarbons and substituted

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liquid hydrocarbons belong to. ·

A group of organic liquids that is particularly popular are the liquid Hohlentwaaserstaf f e, which include aromatic as well as aliphatic compounds belong.

Organic liquid hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene, toluene, Mineral oils, tfernsine, naphthas and, in certain cases, types of petrolatum are used will. A particularly suitable oil from a physical point of view and chemical properties of the oil is the single-chain isaparaffinic Solvent (sold under the trade name ISOPAR M from Humble & Refining Company is sold) · In Table II below are typical Details of this isoparaffinic solvent isolated in the narrow range specified.

Tables

Specifications of the properties minimum

Density, API at 6o / 6o ^D F kß, a

Color, Saybält 3o

Aniline point, ⁰ C. 185 sulfur, ppm

Distillation, ^D C

Beginning of boiling 2oif

Dry point

Flash point, C
(Pensky-Martens,
closed shell) 71

maximum

51, o

21o 257

Test method

ABTM D 287 ASTM D 156 ASTM D611 ASTM D 1266 'ASTM D 86

ASTM D 93

nephelD metric method

The amount of oil used to make the emulsion in relation to the water can vary within wide ranges. As a general rule, the ratio of oil to water can vary between 5 to 1 and 1 to 1o, where-

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in the case of preferred emulsions with a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 10 wsrden. These ratios provide explanatory information for those to be produced Are emulsions to which, however, the invention is not limited.

The emulsions can be made by a number of procedures. For example, the emulsions can be stirred with high speed or Using ultrasound techniques. In most cases however, it is desirable that the emulsion be a permanent emulsion, and to achieve this result it is often necessary to use an oil-soluble Use emulsifier. The amount of emulsifier suitable to form an emulsion can be determined through routine experimentation. As a general rule, the amount of oil-soluble emulsifiers in the range from about 1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the oil. For education of stable emulsions, the amount of emulsifier is normally in that Range from 12 to 2a wt% based on the weight of the oil.

Instead of listing suitable emulsifiers suggested here as suitable emulsifiers are the so-called low HLB materials which are extensively described and summarized in the literature in the "Atlas HLB Surfactant Selector" can be found. Although these emulsifiers are suitable for forming good pale-in-oil emulsions, Other wetting agents can also be used, provided they are able to form emulsions. For example, it has been found within the scope of the invention that Certain high HLB surfactants are able to form stable oil-in-DI emulsions. A typical low HLB emulsifier is sorbitan monooleate.

Dispersing the polymers in the water-in-01 emulsians

According to the first process stage, the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers or the gums or resins are dispersed in the water-in-oil emulsion. The polymers are, as they are formed by most manufacturing processes, in the form of powders or lump-like agglomerates with different particle sizes. It is desirable that the particles before they are added to the emulsion, by grinding, grinding, etc. Like. Are comminuted so that their mean particle size below 5 mm and is preferably within the range of 1 to 5 µm. After grinding

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The powder can be mixed with it in the water-in-oil emulsion Devices such as stirrers, shakers and the like., Are dispersed. at When carrying out the process industrially, the amount of polymerization should be make up at least 2% by weight in the emulsion. It is suggested to use emulsions to use which contain 5 to 75 wt .-% polymer, preferred Emulsions have a polymer concentration within the range from 10 to if5% by weight. In some cases the starting emulsions converted into suspensions, reflecting the type and amount of what they contain Polymer is due.

From an economic point of view, it is advantageous if the polymer emulsions described are stable, but at the same time contain large amounts of polymer. One method of ensuring that the polymers do not precipitate when dispersed in the emulsion is to have the particle size of the polymer as small as possible. Thus, dispersed polymers are in the emulsifiers quite stable when the particle size of the polymers in the range of 5 m / to is up to about 5 in. To form particle sizes within these limits, spray dryers with a suitable nozzle size can be used. It is also possible to prepare the polymer-containing emulsion of the water-soluble vinyl addition polymers directly from the vinyl monomers from which these polymers are formed. An emulsion containing such a polymer can be used using the water-in-oil emulsion polymerization technique as described in U.S. Patent 3 2B4 393. As disclosed in that patent, a water-in-DI emulsion of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers is formed Emulsion is prepared using a water-in-oil emulsifier, a free radical type polymerization catalyst is added to this monomer and then heat is applied according to the conditions under which free radicals are formed to produce water-soluble polymer latexes educate the Polymeric latices produced according to this patent are relatively unstable and often have to be treated with additional emulsifiers in order to make the products stable.

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Invert the emulsion

When the polymer-containing emulsions of the type indicated in the presence are inverted by water, the polymer goes into solution quickly. The polymer-containing emulsions add the polymer to the water in a very short amount of time compared with the amount of time that is necessary to the polymer, if it is in solid form to solve.

The polymer-containing emulsions can be inverted in a number of ways. The simplest way is to use a wetting agent which is added either to the emulsion containing the polymer or to the water in which the polymer is to be dissolved. The addition of a wetting agent to water has the effect that the emulsion is quickly inverted and the polymer is brought into the form of an aqueous solution. If this technique is used to invert the polymer-containing emulsion, the amount of wetting agent present in the water can vary within a range from 0.01 to 50 %, based on the polymer. A good inversion often takes place within the range from 1.0 to 10 %, based on the polymer.

The wetting agents

The preferred wetting agents are hydrophilic and are also distinguished by that they are water-soluble. Any wetting agent of the hydrophilic type such as ethoxylated nonylphenols, ethoxylated nonylphenol-formaldehyde resin, Dioctyl ester of sodium sulfone succinate and octylphenol polyethoxyethane, can be used.

Other wetting agents that can be used include soaps such as sodium and halium myristate, laurate, palmitate, oleate, stearate, resinate and hydroabietate, the alkali alkyl or alkylene sulfates, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, Potassium stearyl sulfate, the alkali alkyl or alkylene sulfonates and Sodium cetyl sulfonate, sulfonated mineral oil and also the ammonium salts

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thereof and also salts of higher agents such as laurylamine hydrochloride and Stearylamine hyrobromide.

An anionic, cationic or nonianic compound can be used as a wetting agent i / be explored. Examples of suitable anionic wetting agents are Alkali, ammonium and amine soaps. The fatty acid portion of such soaps contains preferably at least 16 carbon atoms because soaps are based on lauric acid and myristic acid are based very much on the development of copious foam tend.

Other examples of suitable anionic wetting agents are alkali salts of. Alkylarylsulphanic acids, sodium dialkylsulphosuccinate, sulphatic or sulphonated Oils such as sulfatic castor oil, sulfonated sebum, and alkali salts of short-chain petroleum sulfonic acids.

Examples of suitable cationic wetting agents are salts of long chain primary, secondary or tertiary amines, such as oleylamine acetate, cetylamine acetate, Didodecylamine lactate, the acetate of Aminoäthylaminoäthylstearamid, Dilauroyltriethylenetetramine diacetate, i-aminoethyl-2-heptadecenylimidazoline acetate, and quaternary salts such as cetylpyridinnium bromide, hexadecylethylmorpholinium chloride and diethyldidodecylammonium chloride.

Examples of suitable nonionic butchering agents are condensation products of higher fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, such as the reaction product of oley alcohol with 10 ethylene oxide units, condensation products of alkyl phenols and ethylene oxide, such as the reaction products of isooctylphenDl with 12 ethylene oxide units, condensation products of higher fatty acid amides with 5 veins more ethylene oxide units, polyethylene glycol esters of long-chain Fatty acids such as tetraethylene glycol monopalmitate, hexaethylene glycol monolaurate, IMonaethylene glycol monostearate, IMonaethylene glycol dioleate, tridecaethylene glycol monorachidate, Tricosaethylene glycol monobehenate, tricosaethylene glycol dibehenate, Polyhydric alcohols partially esterified with higher fatty acids, such as sorbitan tristearate, ethylene oxide condensation products of with higher fatty acids partially esterified polyhydric alcohols and their internal Anhydrides (mannitol anhydride, called mannitol, and sorbitol anhydride,

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called sorbitan), such as glycerol manopalmitate, which has 10 molecules of ethylene oxide has been implemented, pentaerythritol monooleate, which contains 12 molecules of ethylene oxide has been implemented, sorbitan monostearate, which has 1o to 15 molecules Ethylenaxid has been implemented, long-chain polyglycols in which one Hydroxyl group is esterified with a higher fatty acid and the other hydroxyl group etherified with a low molecular weight alcohol, such as methoxypolyethylene glycol 55D monostearate (55o is the average molecular weight of the polyglycol ether). A combination of two or Several of these wetting agents can be mixed with a nonionic or an anionic Wetting agent can be mixed with a nonionic.

The following is a list of suitable whetting agents to use when carrying out of the invention can be used. Any water soluble Sharpening agents can be used, but of course some sharpening agents are more effective than others. Suitable whetting agents include the following, but the invention is not limited to these wetting agents: polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, Polyoxyethylene (1o mol) cetyl ether, polyoxyethyl monolaurate, Polyoxyethylene vegetable Dl, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene ester Mixed fatty and resin acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin derivative, Pülyoxyäthylen (12 MaDtridecylather, Polyaxyäthensorbitanester of mixed fatty and resin acids, palyoxyethylene sorbitan monastearate, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene monastearate, polyoxyethylene (2o Mol) stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene C2o MaDoleyl ether, polyoxyethylene (15 moles) tridecyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, Polyoxyethylene glycol monopalmitate, polyaxyethylene sorbitan mandpalmitate, polyoxyethylene (2o Mal) cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene oxypropylene stearate, polyoxyethylene auryl ether, Palyoxyäthylenlanalinderivat, sodium oleate, quaternary ammonium derivative, Potassium oleate, W-cetyl-W-ethyl-morpholiniurnäthasulfat and pure Sodium Lauryl Sulphate.

Except for the use of the water-soluble wetting agents specified above other wetting agents such as silicones, clays and the like can be used, which can be used as wetting agents because in certain cases they can invert the emulsion even if they are not water-soluble,

In other special cases, the wetting agent can be derived directly from the polymer.

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holding emulsion are added, making this self-inverting after Contact is made with water. These products must oburahl them in certain Systems that can be used must be carefully formulated because the wetting agents tend to act on the emulsifier or the emulsion and destroy it before it is used.

Other ways of inverting the emulsions are, for example, that you move them, let electrical fields with high voltage act on them, let heat act and shift the pH value as well as certain ones Electrolytes added to the water in which the polymer-containing emulsion is to be dissolved. For any particular emulsion containing polymer a suitable procedure for their inversion can be easily established by routine Attempt to be dismayed.

Addition of the polymers to the metalworking coolant

It can be seen that all of the above-described polymers are water-soluble are. They are most easily found in the aqueous phase of metalworking coolants first added by incorporating the polymers into the water, in which the metalworking lubricants are dissolved or emulsified is intended to form either an aqueous concentrate or a refrigerant concentration level to form that for a metalworking application of the type indicated above is suitable. In certain cases, the water-soluble polymers or the water-in-oil emulsion of the water-soluble Polymers directly into the metalworking coolant that normally provided as concentrates are incorporated. In many cases, however, these are not compatible with it and therefore represents the previous one Dilution of the water-soluble polymers with water, which is used to produce the finished metalworking coolants, is preferred Embodiment of the invention.

The amount of polymer necessary for an effective improvement in bond strength or the cohesive properties of the metalworking fluids on the The workpiece or tool required can vary from as little as 5 ppm to as large as 500 to 1000 ppm.

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In the case of extremely high molecular weight polymers care must be taken Care must be taken that the viscosity of the metalworking coolant does not increase to such a point that it is difficult to handle and is to be raised.

According to the nature of the polymer, the molecular structure, the molecular weight etc. the dosages used can vary within a substantial range. It is beneficial if the viscosity of the metalworking coolant increased by no more than 20 cP after addition of the polymer. The polymer dosages can therefore be within these limits can be set. Excessively high dosages of a high molecular weight polymer can in most cases lead to an increase in viscosity beyond the range given above and should be avoided will.

Typical metalworking coolants

A. Synthetic coolants. A typical synthetic coolant can be the have the following composition:

Theoretical synthetic composition

tüasser 2g never 95 %

Sulfurized and / or chlorinated material (animal or vegetable, only no petroleum) α faie 25 X

Amine ^ _ _) emulsifier

Fatty acid system α up to 25 %

non-ionic sulfonates (not petroleum-based)

Resin soaps)

Sulfates of fatty acids) ο to 1o %

Alkali soaps)

Coupling agents (glycols, esters, ether use) and hexylene glycol, butyl carbotal, etc.))

Antifoam agent α Mb 2 %

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Chelating agent ■ D up to 3%

Means to prevent rancidity 0 to 2 %

Odor masking agent 0 to 1 %

Dyes up to 1%

Metal deactivators 0 to 5%

Corrosion protection agent ■ D up to 1a %

Coolants of this type are supplied by the manufacturer in concentrated form and diluted with water using dilution factors in the range between 5 to 1 and 100 to 1 depending on the components, the type of particular metalworking, etc. According to a typical dilution, a part of the typical composition given above is diluted with ka parts of water.

B. Soluble oils. A typical soluble DI found in the metalworking industries blinded, has the following composition:

Theoretical _ soluble oils

Sulfur-containing component

(vegetable, animal or petroleum component) D up to 25%

chlorine-containing component

(vegetable, animal or petroleum component) D up to 25 %

Amine (with fatty acid) -anionic emulsifiers Emulsifiers ^,,. nc. % non-ionic emulsifiers

Sulfonates (anionic emulsifiers)

Resin soaps (emulsifier)

sulphatic fatty oils (emulsifier)

Alkali soaps (emulsifier)

Coupling _{agent D} up to 1o %

Means to prevent rancid ο up to 5 %

(Douicide usu.)

Antifoam agent α to 1 %

Chelating agent (for people with hard water) ο up to 1 %

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Solvent oil (kerosene, mineral seal oil, paraffins,

Naphthenic oils etc.) 1a to 95%

Odor masking agent π to 1 %

Colorings ο up to 1 %

Metal deactivators (prevents the formation of stains

attack by copper, brass, etc.) α to 5 %

Corrosion inhibitors ο up to 2 %

The above composition, as a synthetic coolant, would be diluted with about ka parts of water to form a coolant suitable for many types of metalworking.

The formulations given above under A and B would be if used lilasser are added in which the polymers of the invention beforehand have been dissolved or dispersed · To illustrate typical for industrial Formulations C and D below are given for purposes of suitable metalworking formulations that have been evaluated and found to be suitable for the purposes of the invention.

Formulation C

/ Ulasser '76.5a%

Polymer emulsion o.6d %

Triethanolamine 12.8o %

Dodecylamine 1, oa% (Rx 10 mol etc. amine polyglycol)

Sodium nitrate 2.4%

chlorinated phenols o, 3o %

Calcocid blue dye ο _αο 5 %

3α% rjatriumpalyacrylat in a water-in-oil emulsion, which is a nonionic Contains dispersant for inverting the emulsion.

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Formulation D

Paraffinal 76, ** 7 %

Pstraleum sulfonate 6.6ο%

I sodium salts of treated resins and tall oils 12.1o %

Sodium hydroxide a, k5%

Phenol ο, 25%

85% phosphoric acid 0.19%

Diethylene glycol 1.15%

Oleic acid. α, 19 %

chlorinated phenols 1, no %

Silicon oil as an antifoam agent o.6o %

Evaluation of the invention

example 1

The following test procedure was used to evaluate the invention: A steel rod having a diameter was inserted into a commercially available lathe of 7.6 cm and a length of 3o.5 cm clamped. The lathe was equipped with a loading hose for directing coolant to the workpiece and provided the lathe cutting tool. The speed of the workpiece was adjusted and the cutting tool was operated with a The angle of inclination was 3d, with the feed rate being kept relatively moderate. A coolant according to formulation C without the water-soluble polymeric acid present in this, with * to parts Water diluted. This formulation was allowed to flow onto the workpiece and tool during the cutting, which lasted 3 minutes. A strobe light was turned on to allow visual observation of the Allow drip and splash patterns created by the application of the coolant. It was found that a significant amount of liquid

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Droplets were ejected into the atmosphere by the rotating workpiece. A significant amount of splash was observed at points
adjacent to the area on which the liquid is directed
became. Using the same device, formulation C was applied at the same dilution, ie, ko parts of water to one part of the formulation, and visual observations were again made using the marking light. A spraying and a cooling medium waste was reduced by about Sd%.

Example 2

Using the test method described in Example 1, formulation D was tested with the same water-soluble polymer and without it, which in one case was present in the aqueous phase in an amount of 15 ppm. Again, splashing and hurling of droplets into the air was reduced by about 75% based on the content of
Polymer based.

In the above two tests, the degree of cutting performance or in the degree of cooling produced by the metalworking coolant formulations was achieved, no difference was observed.

409846/0669

Claims (1)

Claims 1. A method for improving the adhesion uon water-dispersible metalworking coolants on metal surfaces to which these agents are applied, characterized in that the aqueous phase of said coolant prior to application of the same to a metal surface at least 5 ppm of a water-soluble polymer with a molecular weight of at least 1oa oao and then apply the metalworking coolant to a metal surface. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the metalworking coolant is a synthetic metalworking coolant is. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the water-soluble polymer is an I-sodium polyacrylate. k. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the metalworking coolant is a semi-synthetic metalworking coolant. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the water-soluble polymer is sodium polyacrylate. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Metalworking coolant is a soluble oil. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the water-soluble polymer I is sodium pdyacrylate. 409848/0669 B. l / erfahrsn according to claim 2, characterized in that the P / Sodium polyacrylate of the aqueous phase of the said metalworking coolant in the form of a Lüasser-in-01 emulsion, which is then inverted, is admitted. 9. The method according to claim k, characterized in that the sodium polyacrylate of the aqueous phase of said metalworking agent in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, which is then inverted, is added. 10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the Sodium polyacrylate of the aqueous phase of said metalworking coolant in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, which is then inverted, is admitted. 11. l / experience according to claim 8, characterized in that the water-soluble polymer is sodium polyacrylate. 12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the water-soluble polymer is an I-sodium polyacrylate. 13. The method according to claim 1o, characterized in that the water-soluble polymer is an I-sodium polyac ^ lat. Dr.Ve/Ho Ü09846 / 0669