DE202021004150U1 - compound pane - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite pane (1) with an upper pane edge (O), a lower pane edge (U) and two lateral pane edges (S), at least comprising
- An outer pane (2) with an upper edge (O2), a lower edge (U2) and two side edges (S2);
- An inner pane (3) with an upper edge (03), a lower edge (U3) and two side edges (S3); and
- A thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) with an upper edge (04), a lower edge (U4) and two side edges (S4);
the outer pane (2) has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a first direction (R1) of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge (U2) and the upper edge (02) and/or the inner pane (3) has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest has a linear increase in thickness along a second direction (R2) of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge (U3) and the upper edge (03);
and the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) has a printed opaque layer (5) in at least one area.

Description

The invention relates to a composite pane, in particular for a head-up display.

Composite glazing is used in many places today, particularly in vehicle construction. The term vehicle includes, among other things, road vehicles, aircraft, ships, agricultural machines or also work equipment.

Composite panes are also used in other areas. These include, for example, building glazing or information displays, e.g. in museums or as advertising displays.

A composite pane generally has two panes laminated to an intermediate layer. The discs themselves can have a curvature and are usually of constant thickness. The intermediate layer typically comprises a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), of a predetermined thickness, e.g., 0.76 mm.

Since the composite panes are often tilted in relation to an observer, double images occur. These double images are caused by the fact that the incident light does not usually pass completely through both panes, but at least part of the light is reflected and only then passes through the second pane. These double images are particularly noticeable in the dark, especially when there are strong light sources such as the headlights of an oncoming vehicle. These double visions are extremely annoying and a safety issue.

Laminated windows are also often used as a head-up display (HUD) to display information. An image is projected onto the laminated glass panes by means of a projection device in order to display information in the viewer's field of vision. In the vehicle area, the projection device is arranged on the dashboard, for example, so that the projected image is reflected in the direction of the viewer on the closest glass surface of the laminated glass pane inclined towards the viewer (cf. e.g EP 0 420 228 B1 or DE 10 2012 211 729 A1 ). Here again, part of the light enters the laminated glass panes and is now reflected, for example, at the outer boundary layer of the glass surface that is further to the outside as seen by the observer, and then exits the laminated glass pane in a shifted manner. A similar effect, the ghosting effect, also occurs here in relation to the image to be displayed.

A purely classical compensation of ghost images results in overcompensation for double images in transmission being observed. This leads to the respective viewer being irritated or, in the worst case, receiving incorrect information. This problem can be solved by arranging the surfaces of the disks at a fixed angle instead of parallel. This is achieved, for example, in that the intermediate layer is wedge-shaped with a continuously linear and/or non-linear increasing and/or decreasing thickness. In vehicle construction, the thickness is typically varied in such a way that the smallest thickness is provided at the lower end of the laminated glass pane towards the engine compartment, while the thickness increases towards the roof.

Laminated panes of this type with a wedge-shaped intermediate layer and the optical laws on which they are based are known per se and are described, for example, in international patent applications WO 2015/086234 A1 and WO 2015/086233 A1 or the German Offenlegungsschriften DE 196 11 483 A1 and DE 195 35 053 A1 described. The wedge-shaped intermediate layers are usually produced by extrusion. However, it is also possible to introduce a wedge angle by stretching a thermoplastic film with an essentially constant thickness in the initial state. The stretching of thermoplastic interlayers and laminated glass panes with a stretched interlayer are, for example, in WO 2017/153167 A1 , the EP 1 800 855 A1 , the WO 2016/091435 A1 and the U.S. 2005/0142332 A1 disclosed.

As an alternative to arranging a wedge-shaped intermediate layer between two glass panes of constant thickness, a wedge-shaped laminated pane can also be realized by arranging an intermediate layer of constant thickness between two glass panes, at least one of which has a wedge-shaped cross-section.

In the EP 3 248 949 A1 and the U.S. 7,122,242 B2 discloses methods for the manufacture of float glass panes having a wedge-shaped cross-section, and laminated panes comprising two float glass panes and an intermediate layer therebetween, wherein at least one of the float glass panes has a wedge-shaped cross-section.

the JP 2017-105665 discloses a laminated pane comprising two sheets of glass and an interlayer therebetween, wherein at least one of the sheets of glass has a wedge-shaped cross-section and the interlayer can have a wedge angle.

WO 2020/094419 A1 discloses a laminated pane comprising an outer pane and an inner pane and an intermediate stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section, the outer pane and/or the inner pane having a wedge-shaped cross-section.

In the WO 2020/0944220 A1 a laminated pane is disclosed which comprises an outer pane, an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the outer pane and/or the inner pane being in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process and having a plurality of elongated ones on the pane surfaces Has elevations and elongate depressions, which extend along a first disk direction and are arranged alternately in a second disk direction perpendicular to the first disk direction. The thermoplastic intermediate layer is produced by extrusion, has a substantially constant thickness over the length and width and has a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions on the surfaces, which extend along a third direction and in a fourth direction perpendicular to the third direction Direction are arranged alternately. The thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are arranged at an angle of 45° to 90° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and/or inner pane in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross section produced in the float process.

the WO 2020/094421 A1 discloses a laminated pane, at least comprising an outer pane with an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges, an inner pane with an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane with an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges. The outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and/or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a fourth direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the top edge. The thermoplastic intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a sixth direction, the sixth direction being rotated at an angle α different from 0° to a seventh direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge.

From the WO 2014/174308 A1 a laminated pane is known which has a blackout strip in the form of a cover print. The obscuration band extends around the perimeter (i.e., circumferentially outer edge region) of the disc and is made of an opaque ceramic ink applied to the disc. In particular, the masking print conceals the plan view of any adhesive bead or sections of a frame, such as the body of a vehicle, when the laminated pane is arranged in a vehicle or in building glazing. Furthermore, the cover print covers or conceals uncoated sections or uncoated edge areas, in particular of the sun protection coating. The ceramic ink is burned onto the surface at higher temperatures (usually at 450°C to 700°C, for example when bending the glass pane) and forms a glass-like coating (or enamel). However, this form of applying the masking print to a glass pane is difficult or impossible in the case of surface-coated glasses. In addition to adhesion problems in the laminated pane, unwanted discolouration or defects in the cover print or in the coatings can occur. Furthermore, there is an increased effort and thus increased costs in the production of the laminated pane.

Firing the ceramic ink at higher temperatures (usually at 450°C to 700°C, for example when bending the glass pane) can lead to optical distortions in peripheral areas and in the area of sensor windows.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated pane with an opaque layer.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a laminated pane according to claim 1 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The composite pane according to the invention comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.

According to the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has an opaque layer printed on it in at least one area. The printed opaque layer can also be referred to as an opaque print. Such opaque layers are well known to those skilled in the art, e.g US9623634 B2 , WO2018/122770 A1 , WO2019/038043 A1 , EP 1 322 482 B2 , US2014212639 A1 . The opaque layer differs from a conventional cover print, which is printed on a surface of the glass panes (e.g. by screen printing) and burned in at high temperatures in a process step.

The usual masking print is usually burned into the pane during the bending process, which can lead to optical distortions in peripheral areas and in the area of sensor windows. In addition, the baking of a standard masking print on coated panes can be problematic. An opaque layer printed on the thermoplastic intermediate layer offers the advantage over a covering print applied to the outer pane or the inner pane that the appearance of the laminated pane is improved in the edge areas and in the area of sensor windows and printing on a coated pane can be avoided.

The opaque layer is essentially completely opaque to visible light. The opaque layer preferably has a transmission T<0.2 and in particular T<0.1.

The opaque layer is preferably black, but can also have any other color.

The opaque layer preferably contains colored pigments or dyes, particularly preferably inorganic or organic colored pigments or dyes, in particular selected from the group consisting of carbon black (called industrial black or carbon black), iron oxide pigments and mixed-phase oxide pigments. The mixed phase oxide pigments include, for example, titanate pigments and spinel pigments. The color pigments or dyes are advantageously applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer in a water-based or solvent-based composition and are preferably dried. The color pigments or dyes can be applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer by means of spraying processes, screen printing, inkjet processes or other suitable printing processes. In particular, the composition with which the opaque layer is printed does not contain any glass-forming oxides or glass frits or other components which result in a glass-like layer after drying and after lamination.

In particular, the opaque layer is not glass-like and does not contain or is not enamel.

The laminated pane according to the invention has an upper pane edge and a lower pane edge and two lateral side edges. The upper edge of the pane designates that side edge of the composite pane which is intended to point upwards in the installed position. The side edge that is intended to point downwards in the installation position is referred to as the lower edge of the pane. If the laminated pane is the windshield of a motor vehicle, the upper edge of the pane is often also referred to as the roof edge and the lower edge of the pane is often also referred to as the engine edge.

The outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside and an inside surface, an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges. The upper edge designates that edge of the laminated pane which is intended to point upwards in the installation position. The lower edge designates that edge which is intended to point downwards in the installation position. Within the meaning of the invention, the outside surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position. Within the meaning of the invention, the interior-side surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position. The interior surface of the outer pane and the outside surface of the inner pane face each other and are connected to one another by the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

According to the invention, the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and/or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the top edge.

In one embodiment both the outer pane and the inner pane are wedge-shaped, i.e. in this embodiment the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section and the inner pane also has a wedge-shaped cross-section.

However, it is also possible for only one of the two panes of the composite panes to have a wedge-shaped cross section. In one embodiment, only the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross section and the inner pane does not have a wedge-shaped cross section. In a further embodiment, only the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section and the outer pane does not have a wedge-shaped cross-section.

It goes without saying that the cross section means the cross section in the vertical course between the lower edge and the upper edge. In the case of the laminated panes according to the invention, the thickness increases from the lower edge of the pane to the upper edge of the pane. The thicker first end is thus located on the upper edge of the pane and the thinner second end on the lower edge of the pane of the composite pane.

In one embodiment, the imprinted opaque layer is arranged in an edge region surrounding the laminated pane. The width of the edge area is preferably 20 mm to 150 mm. It is also possible that individual sections of the peripheral edge area are wider than other sections. For example, the printed opaque layer can be arranged in a 20 mm wide edge area on the side edges and on the upper edge and the printed opaque layer can be arranged in a 100 mm wide edge area on the lower edge.

In a further embodiment, the laminated pane has at least one sensor window for an optical sensor and the printed opaque layer is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window.

The imprinted opaque layer can also be arranged both in an edge area surrounding the laminated pane and in an area surrounding the sensor window.

The opaque layer is preferably printed on a maximum of 30%, particularly preferably on a maximum of 10%, very particularly preferably on a maximum of 5% of the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a surface roughness Rz of at most 45 μm (microns), preferably at most 20 μm, particularly preferably 10 μm. For example, the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably has a surface roughness of 20 μm to 45 μm at a thickness of 0.76 mm or 0.84 mm and preferably a surface roughness of 20 μm to 30 μm at a thickness of 0.38 mm or 0.50 mm on. The surfaces of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are preferably not embossed. Such smooth film surfaces can be printed particularly precisely and with sharp edges. Rz is defined here as the mean surface roughness, i.e. the sum of the height of the largest profile peak and the depth of the largest profile valley within a single measurement section Ir.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the opaque layer has a thickness of 5 μm (microns) to 40 μm, preferably 5 μm to 20 μm. Opaque layers with such thicknesses are easy to produce, have sufficient covering power, and can be laminated into a composite pane without additional equalizing layers or equalizing films.

The opaque layer can be printed on any surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer or on any surface of individual films of a film composite, in particular also on several surfaces.

The opaque layer is preferably printed onto that surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer which points in the direction of the outer pane. However, it is also possible for the opaque layer to be printed on that surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer which points in the direction of the inner pane.

If the opaque layer is printed on several surfaces, then preferably in staggered sections. This has the advantage that the total thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer with the opaque layer remains smaller and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is easier to laminate in.

The sum of the wedge angle of the outer pane and the wedge angle of the inner pane is preferably 0.05 mrad to 0.9 mrad. This means that if only one of the two disks has a wedge-shaped cross section, it preferably has a wedge angle of 0.05 mrad to 0.9 mrad.

The wedge angle of the composite pane according to the invention is preferably 0.1 mrad to 1.0 mrad, particularly preferably 0.15 mrad to 0.75 mrad, very particularly preferably 0.3 mrad to 0.7 mrad.

In one embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), acrylates or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and plasticizers.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties, reflecting infrared radiation intermediate layer, an intermediate layer absorbing infrared radiation, an intermediate layer absorbing UV radiation, an intermediate layer colored at least in sections and/or an intermediate layer tinted at least in sections. For example, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a belt filter film.

In one embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a functional intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties. Such an acoustic intermediate layer typically consists of at least three layers, with the middle layer having a higher plasticity or elasticity than the outer layers surrounding it, for example as a result of a higher proportion of plasticizers.

In one embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a functional intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties and the thickness of the middle layers is 0.10 mm and the thickness of the outer layers is 0.20 mm in each case. In a further embodiment, the thickness of the middle layer is 0.08 mm to 0.12 mm and the thickness of the outer layers is 0.32 mm to 0.38 mm.

In another embodiment, the thermoplastic interlayer is a functional interlayer with a color function. This means the thermoplastic intermediate layer is colored or tinted. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be tinted or colored over its entire surface. Alternatively, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also have a color gradient or a colored pattern. In the case of laminated panes that are intended as windshields, the coloring or tinting is designed in such a way that the laminated pane has a light transmission of more than 70% in the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm. In the case of composite panes that are intended as roof panes or rear side windows, the coloring or tinting can also be darker and the composite panes can thus have a light transmission of 70% or less in the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm. It goes without saying that in embodiments of a windshield, the transmission outside the field of vision, in particular in the area adjoining the edge of the roof, can also be less than 70%.

In the embodiments in which the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a colored intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section, the light transmission through the thermoplastic intermediate layer is also constant over the entire width and the entire height, ie over its entire area. The constant light transmission despite a wedge-shaped cross-section is achieved by increasing the dye concentration in the first colored thermoplastic layer from the thicker end of the first colored thermoplastic layer to the thinner end thereof.

In a further embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a functional intermediate layer with a solar function, in particular with infrared radiation-absorbing properties, such as a PVB film containing indium tin oxide (ITO) particles.

In one embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is designed as an infrared-reflecting element, for example as an infrared-reflecting bilayer comprising a first layer and a carrier film arranged thereon with an infrared-reflecting coating, or an infrared-reflecting trilayer comprising a first layer, a second layer and one arranged in between Backing film with coating that reflects infrared radiation.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a functional intermediate layer in which two or more functional properties are combined, for example acoustically dampening properties with a color function and/or a solar function.

The laminated pane according to the invention can comprise one or more additional intermediate layers, in particular functional intermediate layers, these additional intermediate layers preferably having a substantially constant thickness. That is, the one or more additional intermediate layers have no wedge angle.

A substantially constant thickness of a layer is to be understood in the present application as meaning that the thickness of the layer is constant over the length and width within normal manufacturing tolerances. This preferably means that the thickness varies by no more than 5%, preferably by no more than 3%.

This at least one additional intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer. If the laminated pane according to the invention has two or more additional intermediate layers, it is also possible that at least one of the additional intermediate layers is arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one of the additional intermediate layer is arranged between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

An additional intermediate layer can be, in particular, an element that reflects infrared radiation, a layer that absorbs ultraviolet radiation, a tinted or colored layer, a barrier layer or a combination of these. If several additional intermediate layers are present, these can also have different functions.

As described above, according to the invention, the outer pane and/or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section. The outer pane and/or the inner pane is in particular a float glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced using the float glass process. It can be, for example, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass or preferably soda-lime glass.

If only the outer pane is float glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced using the float glass process, the inner pane has an essentially constant thickness and can be made from soda-lime glass using the float glass process, as is customary for window panes. In this case, however, the inner pane can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass. Alternatively, in this case, the inner pane can also not be produced using the float glass process and can be made of rigid, clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.

If only the inner pane is float glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced using the float glass process, the outer pane has an essentially constant thickness and can be made from soda-lime glass using the float glass process, as is customary for window panes. In this case, however, the outer pane can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass. Alternatively, in this case the outer pane can also not be produced using the float glass process and can be made from rigid, clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.

In one embodiment, the outer pane and/or the inner pane is flat glass, in particular float glass produced using a float glass process.

The outer pane and/or the inner pane can have anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings, electrically heatable coatings, sun protection coatings and/or low-E coatings.

The thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably 1 mm to 5 mm thick, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm thick, with thickness meaning the greatest thickness in each case in the case of wedge-shaped panes. For example, the outer pane is 2.1 mm thick at the thicker first end and the inner pane is 1.6 mm thick at the thicker first end. However, the outer pane or in particular the inner pane can also be thin glass with a thickness of, for example, 0.55 mm.

In one embodiment, the thermoplastic interface layer is a thermoplastic interface layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section. That is, the intermediate thermoplastic layer has a thicker first end and a thinner second end. The increase in thickness from the second end to the first end can be continuously linear or non-linear.

The thermoplastic interlayer having a wedge-shaped cross-section can be a wedge-shaped extruded thermoplastic interlayer or a stretched thermoplastic interlayer.

In one embodiment, the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane are arranged in the laminated pane according to the invention such that the ends with the greater thickness are arranged one above the other and the ends with the smaller thickness are arranged one above the other.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section can have a wedge angle in the range of 0.01 mrad to 0.15 mrad, preferably 0.01 mrad to 0.1 mrad.

The thickness of the wedge-shaped cross-section thermoplastic intermediate layer is for example 0.76 mm to 0.84 mm at the thicker first end and for example at least 0.55 mm, preferably at least 0.65 mm at the thinner second end.

Thermoplastic films, in particular PVB films, are sold in standard thicknesses such as 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm and 0.84 mm. However, thermoplastic films, in particular PVB films, are also sold in thicknesses of 1.14 mm or 1.52 mm. Thermoplastic films with acoustically damping properties are sold, for example, in thicknesses of 0.50 mm and 0.84 mm drifted Advantageously wedge-shaped, stretched thermoplastic intermediate layers can be produced from all of these films by stretching.

In the float glass process, a glass melt is fed from one side onto a bath of liquid tin (float bath). For example, the temperature at the entrance to the tin bath is around 1000 °C. The lighter glass melt floats on the tin and spreads evenly over the tin surface. At a cooler end of the tin bath, the solidified glass in ribbon form is continuously pulled out and then cooled. After sufficient cooling, glass panels are cut to the desired size from the glass strip, from which panes of glass for windshields, for example, can then be cut out.

An equilibrium thickness of the glass is determined by the distribution of the glass melt on the tin bath. In order to produce float glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section, for example, the glass is pulled out of the tin bath by actively driven (top) rollers, which causes the glass ribbon to stretch. The thickness of the glass can be adjusted via the speed of the rollers, with a higher speed being set for the production of thinner glasses and a lower speed of the rollers correspondingly being set for thicker glasses. If, for example, the speed of the rollers is greater in the lateral areas of the glass ribbon than in the middle of the glass ribbon, a glass ribbon can be produced with a plano-convex cross-section from which wedge-shaped panes can be cut.

As is known to those skilled in the art, glass produced using the float glass process has a certain unevenness or waviness on its surfaces as a result of being pulled out of the tin bath. Accordingly, both glass surfaces have elongated elevations and depressions in a parallel arrangement, each of which extends in the direction in which the glass ribbon is pulled out of the tin bath. The elongated elevations and depressions correspond to wave crests and wave troughs, which are arranged alternately perpendicular to the direction of pull. These elongated structures of the glass are also known to those skilled in the art under the term “float lines”. In the manufacture of flat glass panes with a wedge-shaped cross-section, the glass panes are cut out of the tin bath with their longer dimension in the direction of tension of the glass ribbon, so that the float lines extend parallel to the longer dimension of the glass panes.

Thermoplastic intermediate layers, which are produced by extrusion processes, are also typically characterized by production-related, undesirable waviness. This manifests itself in the form of changes in thickness (elongated elevations and depressions) perpendicular to the direction of extrusion. The elongated elevations (wave crests) and depressions (wave troughs) describe the production-related, actually undesirable surface waviness. Typically, the distance between adjacent elevations or the distance between adjacent depressions is greater than or equal to 50 mm. This is to be distinguished from a desired surface roughness, which is often deliberately embossed in the form of elongated elevations and depressions in the film surface in order to promote ventilation when laminating a laminated pane, with the distance between adjacent elevations or depressions typically being less than 1 mm.

The superimposition of the production-related waviness of a thermoplastic intermediate layer with the production-related waviness of a pane can lead to a disadvantageous impairment of the optical properties of a laminated glass in which this thermoplastic intermediate layer is laminated between a first pane and a second pane. This effect is particularly pronounced when the production-related waviness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the first pane and the second pane are unfavorably superimposed. For example, if the head is tilted from one side to the other or from top to bottom in the case of windshields in motor vehicles, objects can appear distorted when viewed through a locally different optical refractive power.

In one embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the outer pane and/or the inner pane is in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process and has a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions on the pane surfaces, which extend in a third direction and in a fourth slice direction perpendicular to the third direction and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is produced by extrusion, has a substantially constant thickness over the length and width and a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions on the surfaces, which extend along a fifth direction and are arranged alternately in a sixth direction perpendicular to the fifth direction, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged such that the elongate projections of the thermoplastic intermediate layer into one m angles from 45° to 90° to the elongated elevations of the in the form of an im Float process produced flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section formed outer pane and / or inner pane are arranged.

Thus, this embodiment relates to a composite pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two side pane edges, at least comprising an outer pane with a top edge, a bottom edge and two side edges, an inner pane with a top edge, a bottom edge and two side edges; and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge, two side edges, the outer pane having a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and/or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has an opaque layer printed on it in at least one area, the outer pane and/or the inner pane being in the form of flat glass produced in the float process is formed with a wedge-shaped cross-section and has on the disk surfaces a plurality of elongate elevations and elongate depressions, which extend along a third disk direction and in a direction to r third pane direction perpendicular to the fourth pane direction and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is produced by extrusion, has a substantially constant thickness over the length and width and has a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions on the surfaces, which extend along a fifth direction and are arranged alternately in a sixth direction perpendicular to the fifth direction, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 45° to 90° to the elongated elevations of the flat glass produced in the float process with a wedge-shaped Cross-section trained outer pane and / or inner pane are arranged.

With such an arrangement of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the optical properties of this embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention are compared to the optical properties of a composite pane in which the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 0° to the elongated elevations of the flat glass produced in the float process Wedge-shaped cross-section trained outer pane and / or inner pane are arranged improved.

That in the laminated pane according to the invention the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are arranged at an angle of 45° to 90° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and/or inner pane in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process means that in the event that the outer pane is in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process and the inner pane is in the form of flat glass with a substantially constant thickness produced in the float process, the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer in one Angles of 45 ° to 90 ° are arranged to the elongated elevations of the outer pane. In the event that the inner pane is in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process and the outer pane is in the form of flat glass with a substantially constant thickness produced in the float process, the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 45° arranged at an angle of up to 90° to the elongated elevations of the inner pane. In the event that the outer pane is in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process and the inner pane is also in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process, these are the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer at an angle of 45° up to 90° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and at an angle of 45° to 90° to the elongated elevations of the inner pane.

In this embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably arranged in such a way that the elongate elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 60° to 90°, in particular at an angle of 75° to 90°, to the elongate elevations of the one produced in the float process Flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section formed outer pane and / or inner pane are arranged.

In this embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is particularly preferably arranged in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are arranged at an angle of 90° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and/or inner pane in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process.

It goes without saying that when specifying the dimensions of the angle, both the angle measured clockwise and the angle measured counterclockwise can be meant.

In one embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a seventh direction, the seventh direction at an angle α that differs from 0° to an eighth direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the top edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is rotated.

Thus, this embodiment relates to a composite pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two side pane edges, at least comprising an outer pane with a top edge, a bottom edge and two side edges, an inner pane with a top edge, a bottom edge and two side edges and one between the outer pane and the inner pane arranged thermoplastic intermediate layer with an upper edge a lower edge, two side edges, wherein the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the largest linear has an increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a printed opaque layer in at least one area, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a seventh direction, the seventh direction being rotated by an angle α different from 0° to an eighth direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

The following relationship exists between the wedge angle K4 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer along the eighth direction, i.e. the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the wedge angle K5 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer along the seventh direction, where the angle α is the angle between the seventh direction and the eighth direction indicating: $$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="K"\; filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0008.png,DE202021004150U1\_0009.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}4=a\mathrm{right}ctan\left(tan\left(K5\right)\cdot cOs\left(a\right)\right)$$

By choosing the angle α, the wedge angle K4 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be finely adjusted along the eighth direction.

Due to the fact that in the composite pane according to the invention the thermoplastic intermediate layer has the greatest linear increase in thickness along a seventh direction, which is rotated by the angle α, which is different from 0°, to the eighth direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, in of the laminated pane according to the invention, the production-related ripples of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are rotated by the angle α with respect to the production-related ripples of the outer pane designed as a pane with a wedge-shaped cross-section and/or with respect to the production-related ripples of the inner pane designed as a pane with a wedge-shaped cross-section. Thus, the production-related waviness of the wedge-shaped outer pane and/or inner pane does not overlap with the production-related waviness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The optical properties of the composite pane according to the invention are therefore improved compared to the optical properties of a composite pane in which the thermoplastic intermediate layer has the greatest linear increase in thickness along the shortest connecting line from the lower edge to the upper edge. In a preferred embodiment, the angle α is greater than 0° and less than 90°, preferably greater than 0° and less than 45°, particularly preferably greater than 0° and less than 30° and very particularly preferably greater than 0° and less than 15°.

In one embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is designed as a multi-layer composite film, at least comprising a first film with a thickness of at most 50 μm and a second film with a thickness of more than 50 μm, the first film having the opaque layer printed on it. The first film and the second film can be arranged in the film composite in such a way that the opaque layer is arranged between the first film and the second film or alternatively in such a way that the opaque layer is printed on that surface of the first film that is in the film composite is not located adjacent to the second film. The surface roughness of the first film is preferably at most 10 μm.

The height of the outer pane and the inner pane, ie in the case of a windshield the distance between the roof edge of the composite pane and the motor edge of the composite pane, is preferably between 0.8 m and 1.40 m, particularly preferably between 0.9 m and 1.25 m It goes without saying that the amount of ther moplastic intermediate layer and the optional additional intermediate layers is preferably between 0.8 m and 1.40 m, particularly preferably between 0.9 m and 1.25 m.

The composite pane according to the invention can be a vehicle pane. A vehicle window is provided for separating a vehicle interior from an external environment. A vehicle pane is therefore a window pane which is inserted into a window opening of the vehicle body or is intended for this purpose. A laminated pane according to the invention is in particular a windshield of a motor vehicle.

In the case of a vehicle pane, the inner pane designates that pane which is intended to face the interior of the vehicle in the installed position. The outer pane designates that pane which is intended to face the outer surroundings of the vehicle in the installed position.

The outer pane and the inner pane can be clear and colorless independently of one another, but they can also be tinted, clouded or tinted. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through the laminated pane is greater than 70%, particularly if the laminated pane is a windshield. The term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows. The outer pane and the inner pane can consist, for example, of non-toughened, partially toughened or toughened glass.

The opaque layer can also be printed in such a way that the imprint is also semi-transparent, at least in sections, for example as a dot grid, hole grid, stripe grid or checkered grid. Alternatively, the print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque cover to a semi-transparent cover.

It should be emphasized again that in the laminated pane according to the invention, the opaque layer consists of different materials and has a different microstructure than with a conventional masking print that is printed on a surface of the glass panes (e.g. by screen printing) and in a process step at high temperatures burned in (e.g. when bending the glass pane). Such masking prints consist of a ceramic ink and contain glass-forming oxides or glass frits which, when fired, form a glass-like coating on the glass sheet. This glass-like coating has a strong and intimate bond with the surface of the glass pane. When the laminated pane is dismantled using high forces, such a covering pressure cannot be detached from the glass surface.

In the case of a laminated pane produced according to the invention, the opaque layer is firmly connected to the thermoplastic intermediate layer before and during lamination. The temperatures are not sufficient to lead to a firm connection with a possibly adjacent pane of glass. Therefore, when the laminated pane is dismantled, the opaque layer together with the intermediate layer can be detached from the glass panes.

The laminated pane according to the invention is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m. However, the laminated glass can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.

The laminated pane according to the invention can be used as a head-up display (HUD) for displaying information.

• - eine Außenscheibe mit einer Oberkante, einer Unterkante und zwei Seitenkanten;
• - eine Innenscheibe mit einer Oberkante, einer Unterkante und zwei Seitenkanten; und
• - eine zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnete thermoplastische Zwischenschicht mit einer Oberkante einer Unterkante und zwei Seitenkanten;

wobei die Außenscheibe einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit dem größten linearen Dickenanstieg entlang einer ersten Richtung der kürzesten Verbindungslinie zwischen der Unterkante und der Oberkante und/oder die Innenscheibe einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit dem größten linearen Dickenanstieg entlang einer zweiten Richtung der kürzesten Verbindungslinie zwischen der Unterkante und der Oberkante aufweist; und wobei vor der Lamination die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht in mindestens einem Bereich eine aufgedruckte opake Schicht aufweist.Another aspect of the invention is a composite pane having a top pane edge, a bottom pane edge and two side pane edges, comprising a laminated stack sequence

• - an outer pane with a top edge, a bottom edge and two side edges;
• - an inner pane with a top edge, a bottom edge and two side edges; and
• - A arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane thermoplastic intermediate layer with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges;

wherein the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and/or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge having; and wherein prior to lamination the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a printed opaque layer in at least one area.

The invention also relates to a projection arrangement for a head-up display (HUD) at least comprising a composite pane according to the invention and a projector. As usual with HUDs the projector illuminates an area of the windshield where the radiation is reflected towards the viewer (driver), creating a virtual image which the viewer perceives from behind the windshield as seen from his/her perspective. The area of the windshield that can be irradiated by the projector is referred to as the HUD area. The beam direction of the projector can typically be varied using mirrors, particularly vertically, in order to adapt the projection to the viewer's height. The area in which the viewer's eyes must be located for a given mirror position is referred to as the eyebox window. This eyebox window can be shifted vertically by adjusting the mirrors, with the entire area accessible in this way (that is to say the superimposition of all possible eyebox windows) being referred to as the eyebox. A viewer located within the eyebox can perceive the virtual image. Of course, this means that the viewer's eyes must be inside the eyebox, not the entire body.

The technical terms used here from the field of HUDs are generally known to the person skilled in the art. For a detailed description, reference is made to the dissertation "Simulation-based measurement technology for testing head-up displays" by Alexander Neumann at the Institute for Computer Science of the Technical University of Munich (Munich: University Library of the Technical University of Munich, 2012), in particular to Chapter 2 "The Head- up display".

The preferred configurations of the composite pane according to the invention described above also apply correspondingly to the projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention and a projector.

A composite pane according to the invention with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two side pane edges can be produced by a method in which at least one outer pane with a top edge, a bottom edge and two side edges and an inner pane with a top edge, a bottom edge and two side edges are provided , wherein the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and/or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the Having an upper edge, an opaque layer is printed at least in one area on a thermoplastic intermediate layer, then a stack sequence of the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane is formed and in a last step the stacking sequence is connected by lamination.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, in the step of printing the opaque layer onto the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the method comprises at least applying a water-based or solvent-based color pigments or dyes-containing composition to the thermoplastic intermediate layer in at least one area and drying the applied composition. Spraying processes, screen printing processes, inkjet processes or other suitable printing processes are particularly suitable for applying the composition.

If the composite pane is to be curved, the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (i.e. at the same time and using the same tool), because the shape of the panes is then optimally matched to one another for the lamination that takes place later. Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are 500°C to 700°C, for example.

The method may additionally comprise the steps of providing at least one additional intermediate layer and disposing them independently between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The at least one additional intermediate layer has an essentially constant thickness. When an additional intermediate layer is provided, it can thus be arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer. When providing more than one additional intermediate layer, these can thus be arranged either between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer, or additional ones can be arranged both between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer and between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer Intermediate layers are arranged.

The stacking sequence can be laminated using common lamination methods. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours. Alternatively, autoclave-free processes are also possible. Per se known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80 °C to 110 °C. The outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the first pane and the second pane are laminated within about 60 minutes, for example, at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 170 °C.

• (a) der gewünschte Keilwinkel K1 festgelegt wird;
• (b) eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe bereitgestellt wird, wobei die Außenscheibe und/oder die Innenscheibe einen keilförmigen Querschnitt aufweist und die Summe KS aus dem Keilwinkel K2 der Außenscheibe und dem Keilwinkel K3 der Innenscheibe kleiner als der gewünschte Keilwinkel K1 ist;
• (c) die Differenz KD zwischen dem gewünschten Keilwinkel K1 und der Summe KS bestimmt wird;
• (d) eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht mit einem keilförmigen Querschnitt bereitgestellt wird, wobei der Keilwinkel K4 der keilförmigen thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht der Differenz KD entspricht;
• (e) eine opake Schicht zumindest in einem Bereich auf die keilförmige thermoplastische Zwischenschicht aufgedruckt wird;
• (e) die keilförmige thermoplastische Zwischenschicht flächig zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet wird; und
• (f) die Außenscheibe, die keilförmige thermoplastische Zwischenschicht und die Innenscheibe durch Lamination verbunden werden.

In one embodiment of the method, the thermoplastic interface layer is an interface layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section. Thus, in one embodiment, the method according to the invention is a method for producing a composite pane with a desired wedge angle K1, where at least:

• (a) the desired wedge angle K1 is determined;
• (b) an outer pane and an inner pane are provided, the outer pane and/or the inner pane having a wedge-shaped cross section and the sum KS of the wedge angle K2 of the outer pane and the wedge angle K3 of the inner pane being smaller than the desired wedge angle K1;
• (c) the difference KD between the desired wedge angle K1 and the sum KS is determined;
• (d) providing a thermoplastic interface layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section, the wedge angle K4 of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic interface layer being equal to the difference KD;
• (e) an opaque layer is printed in at least one area on the wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer;
• (e) the wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged areally between the outer pane and the inner pane; and
• (f) the outer pane, the wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane are connected by lamination.

$$\text{K}1=\text{K2}+\text{K}3+\text{K}4=\text{KS}+\text{K4}$$

$$\text{KD}=\text{K}1-\text{KS}=\text{K}1-\left(\text{K}2+\text{K}3\right)$$

$$\text{K}4=\text{KD}=\text{K}1-\text{KS}=\text{K}1-\left(\text{K}2+\text{K}3\right)$$

Consequently, the following relationships apply between the desired wedge angle K1, the wedge angle K2 of the outer pane, the wedge angle K3 of the inner pane, the wedge angle K4 of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer, the difference KD and/or the sum KS: $$\text{KS}=\text{K2}+\text{<figure-callout id="3" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0008.png,DE202021004150U1\_0009.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}3$$

$$\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0007.png,DE202021004150U1\_0008.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}1=\text{K2}+\text{<figure-callout id="3" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0008.png,DE202021004150U1\_0009.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}3+\text{<figure-callout id="4" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0008.png,DE202021004150U1\_0009.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}4=\text{KS}+\text{K4}$$

$$\text{KD}=\text{K}1-\text{KS}=\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0007.png,DE202021004150U1\_0008.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}1-\left(\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0008.png,DE202021004150U1\_0009.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}2+\text{K}3\right)$$

$$\text{<figure-callout id="4" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0008.png,DE202021004150U1\_0009.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}4=\text{KD}=\text{K}1-\text{KS}=\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0007.png,DE202021004150U1\_0008.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}1-\left(\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="K" filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0008.png,DE202021004150U1\_0009.png" state="{{state}}">K</figure-callout>}2+\text{K}3\right)$$

The previously described embodiment of a method for producing a composite pane according to the invention offers the advantage that the wedge angle can be finely adjusted by introducing a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section, i.e. a wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer. In the case of thermoplastic intermediate layers with a wedge-shaped cross section, the wedge angle of the intermediate layer can be easily set by selecting a suitable extruder or a suitable stretching radius. In the production of wedge-shaped float glass, the production of panes with different wedge angles is significantly more complex, so that generally only panes with a number of specific wedge angles, for example 0.1 mrad, 0.2 mrad, 0.3 mrad, 0. 4 mrad, 0.5 mrad, 0.6 mrad can be produced. The use of a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section enables the wedge angle of a composite pane made of an outer pane and an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer, the outer pane and/or the inner pane having a wedge-shaped cross-section, to be finely adjusted in a simple manner.

For example, to produce a composite pane with a wedge angle of 0.55 mrad, an outer pane with a wedge angle of 0.5 mrad, an inner pane of constant thickness (wedge angle equal to 0 mrad), and a thermoplastic interlayer with a wedge angle of 0.05 mrad can be laminated.

The thermoplastic interface layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section may be a wedge-shaped extruded thermoplastic interface layer or a stretched thermoplastic interface layer.

A stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer can be produced, for example, by stretching a heated thermoplastic intermediate layer of constant thickness over what is known as a stretching cone. The thermoplastic intermediate layer with a constant thickness, or at least individual films of this, can preferably be produced in an extrusion process. Since the Rekra dius correlates with the wedge angle to be achieved, the person skilled in the art can produce a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer with a previously defined wedge angle by varying the stretching radius. The person skilled in the art knows which stretching cone has to be used in the stretching process, depending on the wedge angle desired for the stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer.

The following relationship exists between the wedge angle K4 of the stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer, the initial thickness D of the thermoplastic intermediate layer before the stretching process, the stretching radius R and the height H of the thermoplastic intermediate layer: $$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="K"\; filenames="DE202021004150U1\_0008.png,DE202021004150U1\_0009.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}4=\frac{\text{D}}{R+H}$$

1. (a) Bereitstellen einer Außenscheibe und einer Innenscheibe, wobei die Außenscheibe und/oder die Innenscheibe in Form eines im Floatprozess hergestellten Flachglases mit keilförmigen Querschnitt ausgebildet ist und an den Scheibenoberflächen eine Mehrzahl länglicher Erhebungen und länglicher Einsenkungen aufweist, die sich entlang einer dritten Scheibenrichtung erstrecken und in einer zur dritten Scheibenrichtung senkrechten vierten Scheibenrichtung alternierend angeordnet sind;
2. (b) Bereitstellen einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht, die im Extrusionsverfahren hergestellt ist, eine über die Länge und die Breite im Wesentlichen konstante Dicke aufweist, und deren Oberflächen eine Mehrzahl länglicher Erhebungen und länglicher Einsenkungen aufweisen, die sich entlang einer fünften Richtung erstrecken und in einer zur fünften Richtung senkrechten sechsten Richtung alternierend angeordnet sind;
3. (c) Aufdrucken einer opaken Schicht zumindest in einem Bereich auf die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht;
4. (d) flächiges Anordnen der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe derart, dass die länglichen Erhebungen der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht in einem Winkel von 45° bis 90° zu den länglichen Erhebungen der in Form eines im Floatprozess hergestellten Flachglases mit keilförmigem Querschnitt ausgebildeten Außenscheibe und/oder Innenscheibe angeordnet sind;
5. (e) Verbinden der Außenscheibe, der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht und der Innenscheibe durch Lamination.

In a further embodiment, the method for producing a composite pane according to the invention comprises at least the following steps:

1. (a) Providing an outer pane and an inner pane, the outer pane and/or the inner pane being in the form of flat glass produced in the float process with a wedge-shaped cross section and having a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions on the pane surfaces, which extend along a third pane direction and are arranged alternately in a fourth slice direction perpendicular to the third slice direction;
2. (b) providing a thermoplastic intermediate layer which is extruded, has a substantially constant thickness along the length and the width, and the surfaces of which have a plurality of elongate peaks and elongate valleys extending along a fifth direction and in a direction towards fifth direction perpendicular sixth direction are arranged alternately;
3. (c) printing an opaque layer at least in one area on the thermoplastic intermediate layer;
4. (d) Areal arrangement of the thermoplastic intermediate layer between the outer pane and the inner pane in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 45° to 90° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane, which is produced in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross section and is produced in the float process / or inner pane are arranged;
5. (e) Joining the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane by lamination.

• (a) eine Außenscheibe mit einem oberen Scheibenrand, einem unteren Scheibenrand und zwei seitlichen Scheibenrändern und eine Innenscheibe mit einer Oberkante, einer Unterkante und zwei Seitenkanten bereitgestellt werden, wobei die Außenscheibe einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit dem größten linearen Dickenanstieg entlang einer ersten Richtung der kürzesten Verbindungslinie zwischen der Unterkante und der Oberkante und/oder die Innenscheibe einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit dem größten linearen Dickenanstieg entlang einer zweiten Richtung der kürzesten Verbindungslinie zwischen der Unterkante und der Oberkante aufweist;
• (b) eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht mit einem keilförmigen Querschnitt als Rollenware bereitgestellt wird;
• (c) eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht mit einer Oberkante und einer Unterkante und zwei Seitenkanten, d.h. eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht in Scheibenform, aus der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht mit einem keilförmigen Querschnitt als Rollenware derart ausgeschnitten wird, dass die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit dem größten linearen Dickenanstieg entlang einer siebten Richtung aufweist, wobei die siebte Richtung um einen von 0° verschiedenen Winkel α zu einer achten Richtung der kürzesten Verbindungslinie zwischen der Unterkante und der Oberkante der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht gedreht ist;
• (d) eine opake Schicht zumindest in einem Bereich auf die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht aufgedruckt wird;
• (d) die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht flächig zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet wird; und
• (e) die Außenscheibe, die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht und die Innenscheibe durch Lamination verbunden werden.

Another embodiment of a method for producing a laminated pane according to the invention is a method in which at least:

• (a) an outer pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two lateral pane edges and an inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges are provided, the outer pane having a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and/or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge;
• (b) a thermoplastic intermediate layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section is provided as roll goods;
• (c) a thermoplastic intermediate layer having a top edge and a bottom edge and two side edges, i.e. a thermoplastic intermediate layer in disc form, is cut out of the thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section as roll goods in such a way that the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a seventh direction, the seventh direction being rotated by an angle α different from 0° to an eighth direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer;
• (d) an opaque layer is printed onto the thermoplastic intermediate layer at least in one area;
• (d) the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged areally between the outer pane and the inner pane; and
• (e) the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane are connected by lamination.

As described above, the thermoplastic intermediate layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section can also be produced in roll form by extruding a wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer or by stretching a thermoplastic intermediate layer be produced with a constant thickness.

If the composite pane is to be curved, the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (i.e. at the same time and using the same tool), because the shape of the panes is then optimally matched to one another for the lamination that takes place later. Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are 500°C to 700°C, for example.

Another aspect of the invention includes a laminated pane of the invention made by the method.

• - eine Außenscheibe mit einem oberen Scheibenrand, einem unteren Scheibenrand und zwei seitlichen Scheibenrändern und eine Innenscheibe mit einer Oberkante, einer Unterkante und zwei Seitenkanten bereitgestellt werden, wobei die Außenscheibe einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit dem größten linearen Dickenanstieg entlang einer ersten Richtung der kürzesten Verbindungslinie zwischen der Unterkante und der Oberkante und/oder die Innenscheibe einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit dem größten linearen Dickenanstieg entlang einer zweiten Richtung der kürzesten Verbindungslinie zwischen der Unterkante und der Oberkante aufweist,
• - -eine opake Schicht zumindest in einem Bereich auf eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht aufgedruckt wird, anschließend
• - eine Stapelfolge aus der Außenscheibe, der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht und der Innenscheibe gebildet wird; und nachfolgend
• - die Stapelfolge durch Lamination verbunden wird.

The invention therefore includes a composite pane obtainable by a method in which at least

• - An outer pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two lateral pane edges and an inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges are provided, the outer pane having a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and/or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge,
• - -an opaque layer is printed at least in one area on a thermoplastic intermediate layer, then
• - A stack sequence of the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane is formed; and subsequent
• - the stacking sequence is connected by lamination.

The preferred configurations of the laminated pane according to the invention described above also apply correspondingly to methods for producing a laminated pane according to the invention.

The composite pane according to the invention can be used as a vehicle pane in means of transportation for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles and in particular in a windshield, especially for a head-up display in a motor vehicle.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way.

• 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe;
• 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe;
• 3 eine Explosionsdarstellung der in der 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe;
• 4 einen Querschnitt durch die Verbundscheibe gemäß 1 entlang der Schnittlinie A-A';
• 5 einen Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe;
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung der Anordnung von Einzelscheiben beim Ausschneiden von Einzelscheiben mit keilförmigen Querschnitt aus dem im Floatprozess hergestellten Flachglas;
• 7 eine Querschnittansicht einer im Floatprozess hergestellten Einzelscheibe mit keilförmigem Querschnitt entlang der in 6 dargestellten Schnittlinie X-X';
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung einer von einer Rolle teilweise abgewickelten thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht;
• 9 einen Ausschnitt einer Querschnittansicht einer Ausführungsform der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht entlang der in 8 dargestellten Schnittlinie Y-Y';
• 10 einen Ausschnitt einer Querschnittansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht entlang der in 8 dargestellten Schnittlinie Y-Y';
• 11 eine schematische Darstellung einer Anordnung von Einzelscheiben mit keilförmigem Querschnitt aus im Floatprozess hergestelltem Flachglas zum Ablängen der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht aus 8;
• 12 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Anordnung von Einzelscheiben mit keilförmigem Querschnitt aus im Floatprozess hergestelltem Flachglas zum Ablängen der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht aus 8;
• 13 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe;
• 14 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe;
• 15 eine schematische Darstellung einer Anordnung von Einzelscheiben mit keilförmigem Querschnitt aus im Floatprozess hergestelltem Flachglas zum Ablängen einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht aus einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht als Rollenware;
• 16 einen Ausschnitt einer Querschnittansicht einer Ausführungsform der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht als Rollenware entlang der in 15 dargestellten Schnittlinie Z-Z';
• 17 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe;
• 18 eine weitere Explosionsdarstellung einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe
• 19 ein Flussdiagramm einer Ausführungsform eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe.

Show it:

• 1 a plan view of an embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention;
• 2 a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention;
• 3 an exploded view of the in the 1 shown embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention;
• 4 a cross-section through the laminated pane according to FIG 1 along section line A-A';
• 5 a cross section of another embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention;
• 6 a schematic representation of the arrangement of individual panes when cutting out individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross section from the flat glass produced in the float process;
• 7 a cross-sectional view of a single pane with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process along the in 6 illustrated cutting line X-X';
• 8th a schematic representation of a thermoplastic intermediate layer partially unwound from a roll;
• 9 a detail of a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the thermoplastic intermediate layer along the in 8th illustrated cutting line Y-Y';
• 10 a detail of a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the thermoplastic intermediate layer along the in 8th illustrated cutting line Y-Y';
• 11 a schematic representation of an arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross-section made of flat glass produced in the float process for cutting the thermoplastic intermediate layer to length 8th ;
• 12 a schematic representation of a further arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross-section made of flat glass produced in the float process for cutting the thermoplastic intermediate layer to length 8th ;
• 13 an exploded view of a further embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention;
• 14 an exploded view of a further embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention;
• 15 a schematic representation of an arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross-section made of flat glass produced in the float process for cutting a thermoplastic intermediate layer to length from a thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods;
• 16 a detail of a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods along the in 15 illustrated cutting line Z-Z';
• 17 an exploded view of a further embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention;
• 18 another exploded view of an embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention
• 19 a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for producing a laminated pane according to the invention.

In 1 a plan view of an embodiment of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention is shown. The laminated pane 1 is made up of an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 . In the installed position, the outer pane 2 faces the outside environment, and the inner pane 3 faces the vehicle interior. The outer pane 2 has an outside surface I, which faces the outside environment in the installed position, and an interior surface II, which faces the interior in the installed position. Likewise, the inner pane 3 has an outside surface III, which faces the outside environment in the installed position, and an interior-side surface IV, which faces the interior in the installed position. The lower edge of the pane U of the laminated pane 1 is arranged downwards in the direction of the motor of the passenger car, the upper edge of the pane O of the laminated pane 1 is arranged upwards in the direction of the roof, the two lateral pane edges S are arranged laterally. An opaque layer 5 is printed onto the thermoplastic layer 4 and is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window 6 .

In the 2 a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention is shown. The one in the 2 shown embodiment differs from that in FIG 1 shown only to the effect that the thermoplastic intermediate layer has an opaque imprint in a peripheral edge region, ie an opaque layer 5 is printed on the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 in a peripheral edge region. It is of course also the combination of in the 1 and 2 The embodiments shown are possible, so that an opaque layer 5 is printed onto the thermoplastic layer 4 and is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window 6 and in a peripheral edge area.

3 shows an exploded view of the in the 1 shown embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 is made up of an outer pane 2 with an upper edge O2, a lower edge U2 and two side edges S2, an inner pane 3 with an upper edge O3, a lower edge U3 and two side edges S3, which has a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are connected to one another with an upper edge O4, a lower edge U4 and two side edges S4. An opaque layer 5 is printed over the entire surface of the thermoplastic layer 4 and is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window 6 .

In the in the 1 and 3 In the embodiment shown, the outer pane 2 has, for example, a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction R1 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U2 and the upper edge O2, and the inner pane 3 has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction R2, the shortest Connecting line between the lower edge U3 and the upper edge O3. Alternatively, it is also possible for only one of the two discs to have a wedge-shaped cross section. The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass. The outer pane 2 has a thickness of 2.1 mm at the thicker first end, for example, and the inner pane 3 has a thickness of 1.6 mm at the thicker first end, for example.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is formed, for example, as a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section from a single layer of thermoplastic material, for example a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm in the initial state before stretching. The opaque layer 5 is black here, for example, and has a thickness of 12 μm, for example.

in the in 4 is a cross-section through the laminated pane according to FIG 1 shown along section line AA'. In the in the 4 shown embodiment, both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 have a wedge-shaped cross section. Both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 thus have a thicker first end and a thinner second end. The wedge angle of the outer pane 2 is 0.3 mrad, for example. The wedge angle of the inner pane 3 is 0.3 mrad, for example. The wedge angle of the stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is 0.05 mrad, for example. The laminated pane 1 thus has in the in the 4 shown embodiment has a wedge angle of 0.65 mrad.

The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass. The outer pane 2 has a thickness of 2.1 mm at the thicker first end, for example, and the inner pane 6 has a thickness of 1.6 mm at the thicker first end, for example. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is formed, for example, from a single layer of thermoplastic material, for example from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm.

In the in the 4 In the embodiment shown, the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the outer pane 2. This embodiment is preferred because no thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged in front of the opaque print when viewed from the outside.

in the in 5 a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention is shown. In the in the 5 shown embodiment, both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 have a wedge-shaped cross section. Both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 thus have a thicker first end and a thinner second end. The wedge angle of the outer pane 2 is marked with K2 and is 0.3 mrad, for example. The wedge angle of the inner pane 3 is marked with K3 and is, for example, 0.3 mrad. The thermoplastic intermediate layer is in the 5 embodiment shown, for example, a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section. The wedge angle of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is identified by K4 and is 0.05 mrad, for example. The laminated pane 1 thus has in the in the 5 shown embodiment has a wedge angle K1 of 0.65 mrad.

The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass. The outer pane 2 has a thickness of 2.1 mm at the thicker first end, for example, and the inner pane 3 has a thickness of 1.6 mm at the thicker first end, for example. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is formed, for example, from a single layer of thermoplastic material, for example from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm in the initial state before stretching.

In the in the 5 In the embodiment shown, the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the inner pane 3.

6 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of individual panes 14 when cutting out individual panes from flat glass produced in the float process with a wedge-shaped cross section 14 from the glass ribbon 21 produced in the float process, which has a plano-convex cross section. The third direction R3 corresponds to the pulling direction of the glass ribbon 21 in the float process. The fourth direction R4 is perpendicular to the third direction R3.

7 shows a cross-sectional view of a single pane with a wedge-shaped cross section 14 produced in the float process along the 6 illustrated cutting line X-X'. At the in the 7 The individual pane 14 shown can be, for example, the outer pane 2 of a laminated glass 1 according to the invention. It may be at the in the 7 However, the individual pane 14 shown can also be the inner pane 3 of a laminated glass 1 according to the invention. In a laminated glass 1 according to the invention, both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 as in FIG 7 be shown formed.

The one in the 7 The individual pane 14 shown has elevations 8 and depressions 9 on the surfaces 12, 12', which extend perpendicularly to a shortest connecting line between the upper edge 014 and the lower edge U14. The one in the 7 The single pane shown has, for example, a thickness of 2.1 mm and a wedge angle of 0.7 mrad.

In 8th a schematic representation of a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 partially unwound from a roll 15 is shown. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 preferably consists of PVB. Alternatively, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 can consist of another suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is produced by extrusion, the direction of extrusion of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 corresponding to the direction of winding or unwinding of the roll 15 . In 8th the extrusion or unwinding direction is marked with the arrow R5.

9 shows a section of a cross-sectional view of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 according to FIG 8th marked section line Y-Y'. It can be seen that the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is essentially constant over the length and the width. The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is 0.76 mm, for example. The surfaces 13, 13' of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 have a plurality of elongate elevations 10 projecting from the surface and elongate depressions 11 recessing the surface in a parallel arrangement. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend in the extrusion direction R5 (not in 9 drawn). The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged in alternation transversely to the extrusion direction, that is to say in the direction R6. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are formed in a wavy manner, so that the surfaces 13, 13' of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 have a ripple.

10 shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 along the in 8th illustrated cutting line YY. It can be seen that the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 comprises a first layer 4a, a second layer 4b and a third layer 4c arranged between the first layer 4a and the second layer 4b, the third layer 4c having acoustically damping properties. The thicknesses of the first layer 4a, the second layer 4b, the third layer 4c and the overall thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is essentially constant over the length and the width. The overall thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is 0.84 mm, for example. The surfaces 13, 13' of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 have a plurality of elongate elevations 10 projecting from the surface and elongate depressions 11 recessing the surface in a parallel arrangement. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend in the extrusion direction R5 (not in 10 drawn). The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged in alternation transversely to the extrusion direction, that is to say in the direction R6. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are formed in a wavy manner, so that the surfaces 13, 13' of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 have a ripple.

11 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross section 14 made of flat glass produced in the float process for cutting the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 to length 9 to produce an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. Accordingly, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is cut to length from a roll 15 such that the pane edges extending in the transverse direction of the vehicle when installed are arranged perpendicular to the extrusion direction R5. With an arrangement of the individual panes 14 on the unrolled thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 as in 11 shown, the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are rotated by 90° to the direction R3 and thus rotated by 90° to the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the individual panes 14 .

12 shows a schematic representation of a further arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross section 14 made of flat glass produced in the float process for cutting the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 to length 9 to produce an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. Accordingly, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is cut to length from a roll 15 such that the pane edges extending in the transverse direction of the vehicle when installed are arranged at an angle of 45° to the extrusion direction R5. With an arrangement of the individual panes 14 on the unrolled thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 as in 12 shown, the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are rotated by 45° to the direction R3 and thus rotated by 45° to the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the individual panes 14 .

13 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 arranged between them. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a plurality of elongate elevations 10 protruding from the surfaces 13, 13' due to the production process and the surface deepening elongate depressions 11 in parallel arrangement. The projections 10 and depressions 11 each extend along a direction indicated in 13 is indicated by the arrow R5. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged in alternation transversely to the direction R5. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wavy.

The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are designed as wedge-shaped flat glass 14 produced in the float process and, due to the production process, have a plurality of elongated elevations 8 protruding from the surface and the upper surface deepening, elongated depressions 9 in a parallel arrangement. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 each extend along a direction that is in 13 is indicated by the arrow R3. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are arranged in alternation transversely to the direction R3. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are wavy.

As in 13 illustrated are at the in the 13 In the embodiment shown of the laminated pane 1 according to the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are arranged in such a way that the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are rotated by 90° to the direction R3 and thus rotated by 90° to the elevations 8 and Depressions 9 of the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are arranged.

In the in the 13 In the embodiment shown, the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the outer pane 2. For a simplified representation, the opaque layer 5 is in FIG 13 not marked.

14 shows an exploded view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 arranged between them. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a plurality of elongate elevations protruding from the surfaces 13, 13′ due to production 10 and the surface deepening, elongated depressions 11 in a parallel arrangement. The projections 10 and depressions 11 each extend along a direction indicated in 10 is indicated by the arrow R5. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged in alternation transversely to the direction R5. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wavy.

The outer pane 2 is designed as a wedge-shaped flat glass 14 produced in the float process and, due to the manufacturing process, has a plurality of elongated elevations 8 projecting from the surfaces 12, 12' and elongated depressions 9 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 each extend along a direction that is in 10 is indicated by the arrow R3. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are arranged in alternation transversely to the direction R3. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are wavy.

The inner pane 3 is in the 14 shown embodiment is designed as a flat glass with a constant thickness 16 produced in the float process. This has float lines, ie elevations 19 and depressions 20, which extend along a ninth direction R9 and are arranged alternately transversely to the ninth direction R9, ie in a tenth direction R10. The elevations 19 and depressions 20 are wavy.

As in 14 illustrated are at the in the 14 In the embodiment shown of the composite pane 1 according to the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the outer pane 2 are arranged in such a way that the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are rotated by 45° to the direction R3 and R9 and thus rotated by 45° to the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the outer pane 2 and the elevations 19 and depressions 20 of the inner pane 3 are arranged.

In the in the 14 In the embodiment shown, the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the outer pane 2. For a simplified representation, the opaque layer 5 is in FIG 14 not marked.

15 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross-section made of flat glass 14 produced in the float process for cutting a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 from a thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15. The thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 has a wedge-shaped cross-section and is made, for example, from a single layer of thermoplastic Material formed, for example from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm at the thicker end. Alternatively, it may be made of any other suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene. The thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 is produced by extruding a wedge-shaped intermediate layer or by stretching a thermoplastic intermediate layer produced in an extrusion process with a substantially constant thickness, the extrusion direction corresponding to the winding or unwinding direction of the roll 15 in each case. In 15 the direction of extrusion or unwinding is marked with the direction R5 and the direction of the greatest linear increase in thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is marked with the direction R7.

It's the 15 it can be seen that the shortest connecting line from the lower edge U4 to the upper edge O4 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 in the form of a disc is denoted by the direction R8. Like in the 15 shown is the direction R7 along which the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has the largest linear thicknesses increased by an angle α (in the 15 not shown) turned to the direction of R8. in the in 15 embodiment shown, the direction R7 is rotated, for example, by 45 ° to the direction R8.

16 shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 according to 15 marked cutting line Z-Z'. It can be seen that the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as roll goods 15 increases from Z′ in the Z direction. The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 is, for example, 0.76 mm at the thickest point. The surfaces 13, 13′ of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods have a plurality of elongated elevations 10 projecting from the surface and elongated depressions 11 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend in the extrusion direction R5 (not in 16 drawn). The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged in alternation transversely to the extrusion direction, that is to say in the direction R6. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wavy, so that the surfaces 13, 13′ of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as roll goods 15 have a waviness.

In 17 an exploded view of an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention is shown. The laminated pane 1 is made up of an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 . In the installed position, the outer pane 2 faces the outside environment, and the inner pane 3 faces the vehicle interior. The lower edge U2 of the outer pane 2, the lower edge U4 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the lower edge U3 of the inner pane 3 are arranged flush one above the other in the laminated pane 1, the upper edge O2 of the outer pane 2, the upper edge O4 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the upper edge O3 of the inner pane 3 are also arranged flush one above the other in the laminated pane 1. The side edges S2, S3 and S4 of the outer pane 2, the inner pane 3 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are each arranged flush one above the other.

The outer pane 2 has a wedge angle of 0.3 mrad, for example, with the largest linear increase in thickness along a first direction R1 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U2 and the upper edge O2, with a thickness of 2.1 mm at the thicker end, for example. The inner pane 3 has a wedge angle of 0.3 mrad, for example, with the largest linear increase in thickness along a second direction R2 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U3 and the upper edge O3, with a thickness of 1.6 mm at the thicker end, for example. However, it is also possible for only the outer pane 2 or only the inner pane 3 to have a wedge-shaped cross section. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest linear increase in thickness along the direction R7 and is formed, for example, from a single layer of thermoplastic material, for example a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm at the thickest point. The direction R7 is rotated at an angle α to the direction R8 along the shortest connecting line between the bottom edge U4 and the top edge O4. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a wedge angle of 0.03 mrad along the direction R8, for example. The angle α is 45° measured clockwise, for example.

An opaque layer 5 is printed over the entire surface of the thermoplastic layer 4 and is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window 6 . The opaque layer 5 is black here, for example, and has a thickness of 12 μm, for example, and is arranged on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 , which faces in the direction of the outer pane 2 .

18 shows a further exploded view of an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 arranged in between 18 The embodiment shown corresponds essentially to that in FIG 17 embodiment shown. Due to the manufacturing process, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a plurality of elongated elevations 10 projecting from the surfaces 13, 13' and elongated depressions 11 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement. The projections 10 and depressions 11 each extend along a direction indicated in 7 is indicated by the arrow R5. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged in alternation transversely to the direction R5, ie along the direction R6. The elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wavy.

The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are designed as wedge-shaped flat glass 14 produced in the float process and, due to the manufacturing process, have a plurality of elongated elevations 8 projecting from the surface and elongated depressions 9 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 each extend along a direction that is in 18 is indicated by the arrow R3. Across direction R3, ie along direction R4, the elevations 8 and depressions 9 are arranged alternately. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are wavy.

As in 18 illustrated are at the in the 18 In the embodiment shown of the composite pane 1 according to the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are arranged in such a way that the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which run along a direction R5 and are arranged alternately along the direction R6, by 45 ° rotated to the direction R3 and thus rotated by 45 ° to the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are arranged.

In the in the 18 In the embodiment shown, the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the outer pane 2. For a simplified representation, the opaque layer 5 is in FIG 18 not marked.

19 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for producing a laminated pane 1 according to the invention.

The method comprises a first step I, in which an outer pane 2 with an upper edge O2, a lower edge U2 and two side edges S2 and an inner pane 3 with an upper edge O3, a lower edge U3 and two side edges S3 are provided, the outer pane 2 having a wedge-shaped Cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction R1 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U2 and the upper edge O2 and/or the inner pane 3 has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction R2 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U3 and the Has upper edge O3.

In a second step II, an opaque layer is printed onto a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 at least in one area.

In a third step III, a stack sequence consisting of the outer pane 2, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the inner pane 3 is formed.

In a fourth step IV, the stacking sequence is connected by lamination.

Step II preferably comprises at least the application of a water-based or solvent-based color pigments or dyes-containing composition to the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 in at least one area and the drying of the applied composition

The laminated pane according to the invention and the method have significant advantages over a prior art masking print which is applied directly to a glass surface, is baked there at higher temperatures and forms a glass-like coating or enamel.

As described above, this form of applying the masking print to a glass pane is difficult or impossible in the case of surface-coated glasses. In addition to adhesion problems in the laminated pane, unwanted discolouration or defects in the cover print or in the coatings can occur. This is particularly true for a prior art masking print that is applied and baked onto a sunscreen coating, and particularly a silver-based sunscreen coating. In addition, the masking pressure according to the prior art can lead to optical distortions in the edge area or in the area of sensor windows.

All of these disadvantages, which result from a covering print according to the prior art, are successfully solved and avoided by the inventive decoupling of the opaque layer 5 from the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3.

Reference List

1

composite pane

2

outer pane

3

inner pane

4

thermoplastic intermediate layer

4a

first layer

4b

second layer

4c

third layer

5

printed opaque layer

6

sensor window

8th

surveys

9

depressions

10

surveys

11

depressions

12, 12'

disc surface

13, 13'

surface

14

in the form of a flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process

15

role

16

in the form of a flat glass produced in the float process with an essentially constant thickness

19

surveys

20

depressions

21

glass ribbon

K1

(Desired) wedge angle of the laminated pane

K2

Wedge angle of the outer pane

K3

Wedge angle of the inner pane

K4

Wedge angle of the thermoplastic interlayer

KS

Sum of the wedge angle of the outer pane and the wedge angle of the inner pane; KS = K2 + K3;

KD

Difference between the desired wedge angle of the composite pane and the sum of the wedge angle of the outer pane and the wedge angle of the inner pane KD = K1 - KS

O

upper edge of the pane

u

lower edge of the pane

S

lateral disc edge

O2

top edge of the outer pane

U2

lower edge of the outer pane

S2

side edge of the outer pane

O3

top edge of the inner pane

U3

lower edge of the inner pane

S3

side edge of the inner pane

O4

Top edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer

U4

Lower edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer

S4

Side edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer

014

Upper edge of a single pane with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process

U14

Lower edge of a single pane with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process

R1

first direction

R2

second direction

R3

third direction

R4

fourth direction

R5

fifth direction

R6

sixth direction

R7

seventh direction

R8

eighth direction

R9

ninth direction

R10

tenth direction

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 0420228 B1 [0006]
• DE 102012211729 A1 [0006]
• WO 2015/086234 A1 [0008]
• WO 2015/086233 A1 [0008]
• DE 19611483 A1 [0008]
• DE 19535053 A1 [0008]
• WO 2017/153167 A1 [0008]
• EP 1800855 A1 [0008]
• WO 2016/091435 A1 [0008]
• US 2005/0142332 A1 [0008]
• EP 3248949 A1 [0010]
• US7122242B2 [0010]
• JP 2017105665 [0011]
• WO 2020/094419 A1 [0012]
• WO 2020/0944220 A1 [0013]
• WO 2020/094421 A1 [0014]
• WO 2014/174308 A1 [0015]
• US 9623634 B2 [0020]
• WO 2018/122770 A1 [0020]
• WO 2019/038043 A1 [0020]
• EP 1322482 B2 [0020]
• US2014212639A1 [0020]

Claims (13)

Composite pane (1) with an upper pane edge (O), a lower pane edge (U) and two lateral pane edges (S), at least comprising - An outer pane (2) with an upper edge (O2), a lower edge (U2) and two side edges (S2); - An inner pane (3) with an upper edge (03), a lower edge (U3) and two side edges (S3); and - A thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) with an upper edge (04), a lower edge (U4) and two side edges (S4); the outer pane (2) has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a first direction (R1) of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge (U2) and the upper edge (02) and/or the inner pane (3) has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest has a linear increase in thickness along a second direction (R2) of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge (U3) and the upper edge (03); and the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) has a printed opaque layer (5) in at least one area. Composite pane (1) after claim 1 , wherein the printed opaque layer (5) is arranged in an edge region surrounding the laminated pane (1) and/or the laminated pane (1) has at least one sensor window (6) for an optical sensor and the printed opaque layer (5) in a das Sensor window (6) surrounding area is arranged. Composite pane (1) after claim 1 or 2 , wherein the imprinted opaque layer (5) contains color pigments or dyes, in particular selected from the group consisting of carbon black, iron oxide pigments and mixed-phase oxide pigments. Composite pane (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) has a surface roughness Rz of at most 45 μm (microns), preferably at most 20 μm, particularly preferably at most 10 μm. Composite pane (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 4 , wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section, in particular a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge angle in the range from 0.01 mrad to 0.15 mrad and/or a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer. Composite pane (1), according to one of Claims 1 until 4 , wherein - the outer pane (2) and/or the inner pane (3) is designed in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross section (14) produced in the float process and on the pane surfaces (12, 12') a plurality of elongated elevations (8) and elongated having depressions (9) extending along a third direction (R3) and arranged alternately in a fourth direction (R4) perpendicular to the third direction (R3); - the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is produced in an extrusion process, has a substantially constant thickness over the length and width, and has a plurality of elongated elevations (10) and elongated depressions (11) on the surfaces (13, 13'), which extend along a fifth direction (R5) and are arranged alternately in a sixth direction (R6) perpendicular to the fifth direction (R5); and - the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is arranged in such a way that the elongated elevations (10) of the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) are at an angle of 45° to 90° to the elongated elevations (8) of the flat glass produced in the float process Wedge-shaped cross-section (14) formed outer pane (2) and / or inner pane (3) are arranged. Composite pane (1), after claim 5 , wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a seventh direction (R7), the seventh direction (R7) at an angle α different from 0° to an eighth direction (R8) of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge (U4) and the upper edge (04) of the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is turned. Composite pane (1), according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), acrylates or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and plasticizers. Composite pane (1), according to one of Claims 1 until 8th , wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer that absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer that is tinted at least in sections and/or an intermediate layer that is tinted at least in sections intermediate layer. Composite pane (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 9 , wherein the printed opaque layer (5) has a thickness of 5 microns (microns) to 40 microns, preferably from 5 microns to 20 microns. Composite pane (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 , wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is designed as a multilayer film composite, at least comprising a first film with a thickness of at most 50 µm and a second film with a thickness of more than 50 µm, and the first film has the printed opaque layer (5) having. Composite pane (1) after claim 11 , wherein the first film and the second film are arranged in the multilayer film composite in such a way that the opaque layer is arranged between the first film and the second film. Composite pane (1) after claim 11 , wherein the first film and the second film are arranged in the multilayer film composite in such a way that the opaque layer is printed on that surface of the first film which is not arranged adjacent to the second film in the film composite.

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