DE202010016546U1 - Mobile cargo container with reliable power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

A mobile freight container, comprising: at least one first energy receiving means, which is electrically coupled to an energy storage medium for the transmission of electrical energy to an energy storage medium, a communication system which is electrically coupled to the energy storage medium for energy supply, a geographic location system which is signal-technically connected to the communication system is coupled for the transmission of geographical data via the communication system and which is electrically coupled to the energy storage medium for energy supply, characterized in that the first energy receiving means is designed for converting regenerative energies according to a first conversion principle, and that at least one second energy receiving means for The transmission of electrical energy to the energy storage medium is electrically coupled to the latter, the second energy receiving means for converting regenerative energies after a second conversion different from the first principle is formed.

Description

The invention relates to a mobile cargo container, comprising: at least a first energy-receiving means, which is electrically coupled to the transfer of electrical energy to an energy storage medium with this; a communication system electrically coupled to the energy storage medium for power supply; a geographic location system that is signal coupled to the communications system for transmitting geographic data over the communications system and that is electrically coupled to the energy storage medium for powering.

From the German patent DE 43 21 754 C2 is a bulk container system known which requires a power supply to determine the level and the forwarding of the data. The energy is supplied by accumulators installed in the bulk goods containers or by solar cells or by a supply network via a plug contact. Furthermore, it is known that the bulk material container has induction coils attached to a suitable location, by means of which energy can be transmitted. A disadvantage of this is the required positioning device, so that a corresponding positioning accuracy of the container is achieved.

From the German patent application DE 10 2008 019 964 A1 a mobile cargo container is known, which has an electronic unit which is connected to a storage medium for power supply. In this case, the cargo container for stable energy supply for charging the storage medium energy-receiving means for an inductive transmission of energy, since solar modules, especially in freight containers, which are stacked and arranged next to each other, would often obscured and thus ensured no constant power generation. Here, the energy-receiving means is arranged and designed such that external energy-providing means are always in the region of the energy-receiving means, when the container is in a defined range of different handling and / or transport means for containers, to an inductive transmission of energy to enable. The disadvantage of this is that freight containers can be used by different users at different locations and via different transport routes with different means of transport; Thus, the storage medium must store enough energy to ensure even with very long transport routes, handling, storage, loading or unloading the power supply; Thus, when the cargo container is outside the defined range of energy delivery means, the power supply is not reliable.

The invention is therefore based on the discovery made by the inventor to provide a mobile cargo container with a more reliable power supply.

According to the invention this object is achieved in a freight container of the type mentioned in that the first energy-receiving means for converting regenerative energies is formed according to a first conversion principle, and that at least a second energy-receiving means for transmitting electrical energy to the energy storage medium with this electrically is coupled, wherein the second energy-receiving means for converting regenerative energies according to a second, different from the first conversion principle is formed.

An advantage of the invention is that electronic units of the cargo container, here exemplified communication system and positioning system can be reliably supplied with electrical energy by at least two different renewable energy sources are used, here are renewable energy sources available energy resources from the environment and environment of the cargo container; As a result, the energy supply is independent of external infrastructure and also independent of a concrete source of renewable energies. This eliminates the disadvantages of known mobile cargo containers. In particular, this energy harvesting, power harvesting, energy scavenging, but better known as energy self-sufficient system used. In Energy Harvesting, the energy is extracted from the immediate environment / environment, allowing for unlimited operation time.

Energy converters convert even the smallest amounts of energy and make them available as electrical energy. In this case, mechanical, thermoelectric, electromagnetic and photovoltaic methods for energy production can be used. Electrical consumers are supplied directly or an energy buffer is charged, which may for example comprise an accumulator, capacitor or both. This compensates peaks in energy production and increased energy consumption of the supplied electronic units.

It is preferred that one or more sensors be signal-coupled to the communication system, and that the sensor or sensors are configured to detect one or more of the following parameters: a state of the environment; a state of charge; a condition of the cargo container; Opening or closing the tailgate; Presence of charge; Completeness of the cargo; a state of the energy storage medium.

An advantage of this development is the possibility of monitoring conditions of the cargo container, this includes the nature or condition of the cargo or content and condition or constitution of the cargo container, also characteristics of the environment. The sensor may be a sensor, transmitter, transducer, detector or other sensor system. By connecting the sensor to the communication system, data and measurement results from the sensor can be processed and / or transmitted to a remote partner, such as planned and unplanned changes in system parameters and properties. These include state changes such as opening, closing and current status of the opening coverage or the closure mechanism of the cargo container, whether or not there is any load, and changes in the mass or weight of the cargo.

It is preferred that the sensor (s) are configured to detect one or more of the following: internal temperature of the cargo container; Outside temperature; Brightness; Movement in the cargo container, in particular of living beings; Moving the cargo container; Acceleration; Vibration; Gas concentration; Print; Humidity; Orientation of the cargo container to the horizontal; Earth's magnetic field; Sound; Risk concentration; Radioactivity; Wind speed; Wind direction; Closing state of the loading flap; electromagnetic waves; a state of the energy storage medium.

An advantage of this development is the possibility to obtain information about the condition of the cargo container, in particular information regarding: internal temperature; wetness; penetrating water; Moisture damage; unauthorized access; Location to the horizontal; Presence of hazardous substances such as explosive substances, biological agents, bacteria, radioactive elements, nuclear, biological and chemical warfare agents, disease transmitters, living organisms such as rats or mice; Presence of charge; Completeness of the cargo; and the same. Also, damage to the cargo can be detected, for. B. leaking liquid. Furthermore, an advantage of the development is to obtain information about the environment or environment of the cargo container, in particular concerning the outside temperature, weather and the like. It is also an advantage of the invention to obtain information regarding the physical condition of the cargo container, such as the stability of the structure of the cargo container, ie the nature of the outer casing, inner casing, load-bearing elements, closure flap and the like. Furthermore, an advantage of the development that can be determined whether the cargo container is in motion or not, and how strong and what is the characteristic of the movement, z. B. Transport by road or sea.

It is preferred that an analysis unit is signal-coupled to the communication system and to at least one of the energy-receiving means, and that the analysis unit is configured based on the amount of electrical energy generated by at least one of the energy-receiving means one or more of the following parameters capture: a state of the environment; a state of charge; a condition of the cargo container; an opening operation or closing operation of the loading door; Presence of charge; Completeness of the cargo.

An advantage of this development is that the use of existing environmental energy conversion units to measure environmental variables or status or condition of the cargo container does not require separate measurement sensors. Thus, the existing energy-receiving means by the generated energy is converted into a measured value or measure, replace or supplement sensors.

It is preferred that at least one of the energy receiving means comprises a device for converting wind energy into electrical energy.

An advantage of this development is that a generator generates electrical energy from passing air; In this case, the transformation or conversion of the flow energy into electrical energy by means of a wind turbine take place, which is arranged on the cargo container. The use of wind power is largely independent of other forms of renewable energy.

It is preferred that the cargo container comprises an air duct, each having an inlet and an outlet opening, which are preferably positioned laterally on the cargo container and diagonally opposite each other, and a rotor, preferably a Savonius rotor, extending into the air space of the one air duct, wherein the one rotor in combination with an electric generator connected directly or via a transmission is designed as energy-receiving means.

An advantage of this development is that the pressure difference between a wind-inclined and a wind-leaning sides of the cargo container is exploited to generate electrical energy, wherein air flows through an air duct and drives a rotor which is mechanically coupled to a generator, so that wind energy is converted and electrical energy is generated. The air duct is preferably located inside the cargo container and opens at the sidewalls of the cargo container. The air duct may preferably be formed by a pipe or pipe system, an air duct or air duct system, or another cavity of a hollow body for the transport of air. The air line or hollow body may also include the interior of the cargo container. Thus, the interior for the flowing air can be used as a flow space, for example, if there is a ventilation system for the cargo container, which ventilates the cargo container by flowing through. Thus, the flow resistance can be reduced. Depending on the direction of flow of the wind relative to the cargo container different pressure situations prevail, for example, when the wind impinges perpendicular to a side wall or flows longitudinally past a side wall. The mouths of the air duct can be positioned on the corresponding side walls in such a way that the energy output for all pressure situations or wind directions and wind forces is optimized. Furthermore, several air lines, multiple orifices and / or multiple rotors can be provided for this purpose; For example, four air lines can open on a rotor. Advantageously for exploiting the pressure potential, the inlet and outlet openings or mouths can be located at opposite corners of the cargo container.

It is preferred that at least one of the energy receiving means comprises a thermoelectric generator for converting different temperature levels into electrical energy, wherein a first side of the thermoelectric generator is thermally conductively coupled to the interior of the cargo container and a second side of the thermoelectric generator is connected to the outside of the cargo container coupled thermally conductive.

An advantage of this development is that the temperature inertia of the charge and the interior of the cargo container is used with respect to the outside temperature in order to generate electrical energy with the aid of a thermodynamic element or possibly a Peltier element. Depending on the time of day, ie whether the outside temperature rises or falls, either the inside or outside of the thermodynamic element, the heat sink, and the corresponding other side, the heat source. The two sides of the thermodynamic element are thermally conductively connected to the interior or the cargo and to the outside of the cargo container.

It is preferred that at least one of the energy receiving means comprises a device for converting solar energy into electrical energy, preferably a solar cell.

An advantage of this development is that incident brightness, light or solar rays are transformed by photovoltaic conversion into electrical energy. Furthermore, solar thermal conversion can take place.

It is preferred that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device which is arranged on the outer shell of the cargo container and which is designed to convert kinetic energy upon impact of mass into electrical energy by means of a pressure-sensitive element, preferably a piezo-element.

An advantage of this development is that rain drops and rain falling down or water from other freight containers or objects impinge on a conversion unit, and in the process the kinetic energy is transformed into electrical energy. For this purpose, a film with arranged piezo elements can be attached to the outer shell of the cargo container.

It is preferred that the at least one pressure-sensitive element is arranged on at least one solar cell module.

An advantage of this development is that the pressure-sensitive element, for. As a piezoelectric element can be mounted on the surface of the solar cell, and thus a combined module can use two different regenerative energy sources.

It is preferred that at least one of the energy receiving means comprises a device for converting the mechanical force generated by the change in position of the charge on the structure of the cargo container into electrical energy by placing at least one pressure-sensitive element, preferably a piezoelectric element, in the bottom of the cargo container ,

An advantage of this development is that by transport, z. As at sea, land or air, or loading the cargo container to movements of the charge leads, as the charge is an inertial mass. You can also z. B. move horizontally or exercise vertical force during transport. The force exerted on the ground or the applied mechanical pressure are converted by means of, for example, piezoelectric elements into electrical energy.

It is preferred that at least one of the energy receiving means comprises a device for converting from one to the freight container Acting external load resulting mechanical energy into electrical energy comprises, preferably arranged in / on the structure of the cargo container pressure-sensitive elements, preferably piezoelectric elements.

An advantage of this development is that, for example, in the arrangement of several cargo containers one above the other, especially during storage or transport, mechanical pressure is exerted on the supporting elements of the cargo container, especially where the individual cargo containers are touching, but also on the ground and side walls of the cargo container or where deformations occur due to the influence of the external force. The force exerted or the applied mechanical pressure are converted by means of, for example, piezo elements into electrical energy.

It is preferred that at least one of the energy receiving means comprises a device for converting mechanical energy resulting from movements by transport or loading of the cargo container into electrical energy, the device preferably comprising one or more of the following conversion units: a pendulum having at least a piezo element arranged to convert mechanical energy of the pendulum motion into electrical energy; a flexible, attached to one side of the structure of the cargo container rod with at least one piezoelectric element arranged so that it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy during rod bending; a pendulum with at least one magnet, which is arranged so that during oscillation a voltage is induced in a coil; a spring-mounted or spring-mounted element arranged with at least one magnet so that at spring vibration, a voltage is induced in a coil; a flexible bar attached to one side of the structure of the cargo container is arranged with at least one magnet so as to induce tension in a coil upon rod movement; a fixed to the structure of the cargo container body with cavity, preferably a covered shell or a tube bent upwards to both ends, with at least one piezo element on the inside and at least one movable mass, preferably a ball, arranged so that the at least a piezo element upon movement of the mass converts mechanical energy into electrical energy; a cavity fastened to the structure of the cargo container, preferably a covered shell or tube bent upwards to both ends, with at least one movable magnetic mass, preferably a magnetic ball, and a coil arranged so that when the magnetic mass moves Voltage is induced in the coil.

An advantage of this development is that fluctuations of the cargo container on a ship or other transport movements for generating electrical energy are exploited by, for example, the stored by transport movement in energized inertial mass energy is transformed into electrical energy, for example by means of a pendulum. The kinetic energy of the inertial mass relative to the cargo container is utilized.

It is preferable that at least one of the energy receiving means comprises an antenna system adapted to inductively convert the oscillating magnetic field component of radio waves for radio applications into electrical energy; Preferably, the antenna system comprises a plurality of antennas optimized for different radio applications and / or radio frequencies.

An advantage of this development is that electromagnetic waves, for example, by data transmission, readout of characteristics such as Radio Frequency Identification elements (RFID elements) using near field radio, television signal broadcasting, UHF signals, terrestrial and other mobile stations, and also by so-called electrosmog, can be received by means of an antenna or more printed printed conductors and that the received energy is transformed into electrical energy. The electromagnetic waves are referred to in this context as regenerative or renewable energy source, since they are the one available energy resource from the environment and environment of the cargo container.

It is preferred that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device for converting mechanical energy resulting from temperature-dependent expansion and / or contraction of a mass into electrical energy, preferably by arranging the mass in a pressure vessel with pressure-sensitive elements arranged on the container, vorzugswiese piezoelectric elements or piezo film.

An advantage of this development is that the expansion and reduction of the volume of a mass, such as ethylene chloride, mechanically acting on the pressure vessel and arranged on the pressure vessel pressure-sensitive elements, preferably piezoelectric elements or film, are designed so that they convert the mechanical energy into electrical Transform energy. The volume of the mass is preferably very temperature-dependent. It can also be a mass that changes its state of aggregation between solid, liquid and gaseous at certain temperatures.

It is preferred that the communication system is adapted to form, with the communication system of at least one other cargo container according to the invention, a data transmission network on which information regarding geographical position, a state of the environment, a state of the cargo, a state of the cargo container, opening or closing the tailgate, Completeness of the charge, presence of charge, the power generation rate, a sensor measurement result, a state of the energy storage medium, idle state, and / or other data can be received and / or provided.

An advantage of this development is that the freight containers or their communication units can build, maintain and terminate a wireless network. For this purpose, the communication unit can comprise a further transmitting and receiving module, exemplary transmission technologies are ZigBee, RFID, DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications), W-LAN networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, infrared, Near Field Communication (NFC), ANT sensor network. Data can be exchanged over the network, for example individual cargo containers can be covered and therefore can not perform a secure position determination based on GPS signals; The most recent position measurement is transmitted via the network. Furthermore, data and information about the amount of generated, stored and / or currently consumed energy can be transmitted. In addition, sensor events such as opening the tailgate, moving the cargo container, environmental factors such as temperature or wind speed, status of the cargo, and the like. Likewise, the cargo containers or their communication units can exchange when they go into hibernation and when they are available to the network again.

It is preferred that the communication system is designed to form a data transmission network with the communication system of at least one other cargo container according to the invention and to receive, evaluate, summarize data of the at least one other cargo container according to the invention, to combine it with further data, to supplement it with further data, to compress it and / or forward to at least one further cargo container according to the invention and / or to a remote counterpart.

An advantage of this development is that the communication system of a cargo container can serve as a forwarding, relay or switching station of another cargo container, wherein the forwarding of the information can be done to one or more other cargo containers. In this case, for example, be saved by the shorter transmission distance transmission energy. Also, by combining and / or compressing the data and information of multiple cargo containers, transmission energy can be saved. Likewise, by means of a suitable protocol, one or more freight containers, which for example generate more energy, can be selected as transmitters to a remote counterpart, for example a monitoring center. These transmit, for example via a satellite connection, the information sent in the network and collected information to the monitoring center. As a result, less energy-producing cargo containers can still regularly send status and position messages to the monitoring center.

Advantages, features and developments of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and with reference to the drawings.

From the pictures shows:

1 a first embodiment of the mobile cargo container according to the invention;

2 A second embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments;

3 A third embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments; show it 3A - 3C different pressure fields in the flow of the cargo container and 3D - 3F exemplary embodiments of the third embodiment;

4 A fourth embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments; 4A is the side view of the cargo container, 4B an exemplary cross section from 4A . 4C and 4D are exemplary arrangements of the fourth embodiment;

5 A fifth embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments; 5A is the side view of the cargo container, 5B an exemplary cross section from 5A ;

6 a sixth embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments;

7 A seventh embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments;

8th an eighth embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments;

9 A ninth embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments; shows 9A the top view of an exemplary arrangement and 9B a cross section from 9A ;

10 A tenth embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments,

11 an eleventh embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments;

12 a sixteenth embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments;

13 A seventeenth embodiment of the cargo container according to at least one of the previous embodiments.

In 1 is a schematic side view of a first embodiment of the mobile cargo container according to the invention 100 shown. Preferably, it is a freight container. The cargo container is usually made of a metallic material, but other materials such as wood or plastic can be used. The container is cuboid and consists of a skeleton. To the skeleton are the ground 101 , the side walls 102 . 102b (Shown) 102c . 102d (not shown for clarity) and the top cover 103 attached, which together form the structure of the container. The side walls may be made of sheet steel, which preferably have trapezoidal beads. Also, at least the side walls can be formed of flexible tarpaulins that are stretched between the corner posts. In at least one side wall, the container comprises a loading opening 105 through which the container can be loaded and unloaded. The loading opening can be closed, for example, by a loading hatch or door, a roller shutter or two hinged doors. Furthermore, a liquid tank can be arranged in the skeleton, wherein the bottom, side walls and cover can be omitted.

The container includes a communication system 130 , the at least one transmitting unit 135 to send data to a remote site 136 comprises, wherein the remote station may be a monitoring station. The communication system may include, for example, a microprocessor or microcontroller. Furthermore, the communication system may also include at least one receiving unit, so that data can also be received. The transmitting unit may be, for example, a radio module that can at least send data via a satellite and / or mobile network. The radio module may use GSM, GPRS, UMTS, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA, CDMA or any other terrestrial radio networks and radio technologies; As satellite networks, for example, IRIDIUM, ORBCOMM, Globalstar or Inmarsat can be used. The transmitting unit may also include a wireless LAN, Zigbee or Bluetooth module.

The container further comprises a location system 120 for geographical positioning. This can be for example a GPS module. The location system is connected to the communication system 130 signal-technically coupled, preferably via a data cable 122 , This can be the location system 120 preferably determine the position at regular or irregular intervals, or even after a command for determining the position of the communication system 130 , It is also possible for the positioning system or the communication system to determine the time between the position determinations based on predefined configurations or profiles, wherein the profiles may depend, for example, on the time, the last specific location, or the speed of the container. The location system can be integrated into the communication system.

The energy for the functions mentioned is provided by an energy storage medium 140 provided for this purpose is electrically connected to the consumers, for example via cable 121 . 131 , The energy storage medium includes, for example, an accumulator, for. As a lithium-ion battery, and / or a capacitor, for. As a double-layer capacitor, but can use any form of storage of electrical energy.

Furthermore, the container comprises at least two energy-receiving means 150a . 150b , Also called energy conversion means, energy generators, environmental energy converters, energy converters or electrical energy conversion means, which are adapted to convert energy from the environment into electrical energy, according to at least two different conversion principles. The energy receiving means are electrically coupled to the energy storage medium, preferably by cable 151a . 151b , and thus the generated electrical energy can be stored.

Optionally, the energy storage medium comprises 140 and / or the energy receiving means 150a . 150b at least one voltage converter unit which brings the generated DC and / or AC voltage of the / the energy-receiving means in a form necessary for storing or consuming the electrical energy form, for example a DC voltage, for example, 3.3 volts would be suitable for powering microcontrollers , The at least one voltage converter unit can also be integrated into the communication system and / or the energy storage medium.

The aforementioned consumers, converters, energy storage medium and energy-receiving means can be arranged for example in or on the ground, cover, backbone and / or side walls.

A second embodiment, shown in FIG 2 , includes the cargo container 100 of the first embodiment, and additionally are sensors 210a . 210b with the communication system 130 signal-technically coupled, preferably by means of cables 211 . 211b , Optionally, the sensors are powered by the energy storage medium or the communication system with electrical energy. For example, sensor 210a a switch element, which the opening, closing and the closure state of the loading door 105 measures, and is arranged for example on the locking mechanism of the loading hatch; sensor 210b is a sensor unit that measures temperature and humidity inside the cargo box and is attached to the inside of a side panel, for example.

A third embodiment shown in FIG 3A - 3E , includes the cargo container 100 at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device for converting wind energy into electrical energy. 3A - 3C show the top view of the cargo container 100 , where wind from different wind directions, represented by arrows 301 . 301b . 301c , on the side walls 102 - 102d along the cargo container. When the container is in a flow there will be a higher pressure on the upstream side than on the downstream side and a specific pressure field will be built up in which there are higher and lower pressure regions. Illustrated are areas of negative pressure 390 , characterized by (-), and the overpressure 391 , characterized by (+), depending on the wind direction 301 , 3D shows the device for converting wind energy into electrical energy, the at least one wind generator unit 350 includes, which is arranged by way of example in the cover of the cargo container, so that it can not be damaged from the outside. Furthermore, there are air ducts 320a . 320b arranged in or on the cover, with openings 330a . 330b complete on opposite side walls and with the wind generator unit 350 are connected, allowing air through the air ducts 320 and the wind generator unit 350 can flow. The air ducts and openings may be round, oval, angular, square, trapezoidal and / or rectangular in cross section. The air ducts may consist of pipes, ducts, flexible hoses or any type of flow line or hollow body. The wind generator unit and air ducts may be disposed on the inside or outside of the cover or in the cover, also in or on the side walls or the floor. The wind generator unit may comprise a savonius rotor arranged on a vertical axis, which is connected to an electric generator for mechanical power transmission and is rotated by the air flowing through the wind generator unit, but also other conversion designs are conceivable, in particular also a horizontal axis or otherwise built-in Rotor. Furthermore, a plurality of rotors in a wind generator unit, various air line and air opening arrangements, several wind generator units and a plurality of electric generators are conceivable, wherein the electric generators directly or via a power transmission, for. B. via gear or belt drive, can be connected to the / the rotors. 3E shows an advantageous embodiment of 3D where the openings 330 the air pipes 320 approximately one-eighth the length of the side wall in which they are arranged, are arranged away from the respective diagonal opposite corner of the cargo container. 3F shows a further embodiment of the third embodiment, wherein four openings 330a - 330d , four air pipes 320a - 320d and the wind generator unit 350 are arranged so that the wind generator unit is connected to more than two air lines. Another embodiment of the third embodiment is an arrangement of the air ducts or channels so that the interior of the cargo container is used as a flow space. Thus, the flow resistance can be reduced. For example, for this purpose, the rotor or wind generator units can be arranged at the opening or mouth of the air line. Furthermore, a cavity in the cover or the bottom can be used as a flow space, wherein the flow space from the interior of the cargo container, including the load, is separated.

A fourth embodiment shown in FIG 4A - 4D , The cargo container comprises at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises at least one thermoelectric generator, in this example using the Seebeck effect to convert different temperature levels into an electrical voltage. It consists for example of p- and n-doped semiconductors, but there are also other versions, such as. B. Peltier elements with different metals, and further semiconductor materials with special properties and efficiencies; the operation and the structure are known in the art of thermoelectric generators. 4A shows the side view of the cargo container, exemplifying two thermoelectric generators 450a . 450b in a bead of a side wall 102 are arranged, preferably on the inside to protect against damage. In this case, for example, generator 450a be optimized for the time in which the internal temperature is greater than the outside temperature, and generator 450b be optimized for the time in which the outside temperature is greater than the inside temperature. The illustrated section BB in 4B shows the top view of the side wall from above. There are individual thermoelectric generator elements 451 of the thermoelectric generator 450a with a first thermally conductive plate 410 , here an aluminum plate, coupled to the interior of the cargo container heat-conducting The first heat-conducting plate 410 is preferably by means of a heat-insulating material 412 from the side wall 102 isolated. Furthermore, the thermogenerator elements 451 with a second thermally conductive plate 411 , here a copper plate, coupled thermally conductive, which in turn is thermally coupled to the side wall. Through the insulation 412 the two sides of the thermoelectric generator are thermally insulated from each other so that the heat flow through the thermoelectric generator, and thus electrical energy is generated, which is supplied by means of an electrical connection to the energy storage medium. 4C represents another possible arrangement of the thermoelectric generators, wherein individual modules 455 on a thermally conductive plate 413 , For example, made of aluminum or copper, are arranged. 4D illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a thermal generator element 451 between the hot side 452 and the cold side 453 are a p-doped ( 454 ) and an n-doped ( 455 ) Semiconductors. There is a heat flow from the hot to the cold side and the charge carriers involved in the heat transport are distributed inhomogeneously. The charge carrier movement is indicated by arrows 456 shown. At the lead out ends 457 the resulting inner field strength, represented by + and -, can be tapped as the original voltage.

A fifth embodiment shown in FIG 5A - 5B includes the cargo container at least one of the previous embodiments. Furthermore, at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a solar cell. 5A shows the side view of the cargo container, wherein at least one solar cell 550 on the outside of the side wall 102 is arranged; An arrangement on the cargo container cover is also possible. 5B shows the cross section on the line AA of 5A , wherein the solar cell is arranged to protect against damage in a bead. Alternatively, it is possible to integrate the solar cell in the side wall by a section of the side wall is replaced by the solar cell. How out 5A As can be seen, the side wall can be 2332 millimeters high. How out 5A becomes clear, a bead can be 206 millimeters wide. Furthermore, it is possible to use the solar cell 550 to optimize incidence of diffused light, for which flexible amorphous silicon solar cells, so-called thin-film solar cells or microcrystalline solar cells, can be used, which in contrast to conventional monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells, although lower power output, but more power in bad weather conditions and more diffuse Deliver light.

A sixth embodiment, shown in FIG 6 , Includes the cargo container of the fifth embodiment, wherein on the surface of the solar cell 550 a polymer-based piezo material 650 is applied; This may in particular be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, which is very thin and flexible. Advantages of this embodiment are power generation in bad weather such as storm and rain by impact of, for example, water droplets on the piezoelectric material. It is also conceivable, for example, to arrange the piezoelectric material directly on the outside of the side wall or the cover.

A seventh embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy receiving means is adapted to convert kinetic energy of the charge into electrical energy. This is one 7 a part of the soil 101 represented the cargo container, wherein the bottom piezoelectric element surface converter 750 are arranged, for example, comprise a piezoceramic film, which is covered with electrically conductive material for electrical contacting and embedded in a ductile polymer composite. The per se brittle piezoceramic is characterized mechanically biased, electrically insulated and so robust that they can accomplish small bending radii. In this embodiment, the pressure and pressure relief in areas of the soil, which is exerted by change in position of the charge is converted by the piezo elements into electrical energy. An eighth embodiment comprises the freight container of one of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy receiving means is adapted to convert mechanical forces in the structure or on the structure of the cargo container into electrical energy. In 8th is a side view of the cargo container 100 shown, the container corners 801 includes. These are used for mechanical coupling between cargo containers and the ground or other cargo containers. In the example shown are piezo elements 850 arranged on or in the container corners. These convert the action of force on the attachment mechanism into electrical energy.

A ninth embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy receiving means is adapted to convert movements, vibrations and position changes by transport into electrical energy. This is exemplified by the in 9 illustrated energy converter. 9 represents the top view of a shell element 950 which is mechanically connected to the structure of the cargo container, also a cross section through this. Here are on the inside of the shell element 950 piezo elements 952 arranged, preferably piezo film, and a mass 951 , preferably a ball, is arranged freely movable. Movements of the mass, for example due to shaking or moving the cargo container are converted by the action of force of the ball on the piezoelectric elements into electrical energy. Another possible embodiment is a pipe system with a movable ball.

A tenth embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy receiving means is the in 10 shown in side view vibration transducer 1050 includes. A mass 1061 is over a beam or rod of piezoelectric material 1062 with the reference, in this case the structure of the cargo container 100 , connected. Movement of the mass, represented by double arrow 1063 , stretches the rod, causing a dielectric charge shift there. This allows the vibrations or oscillations which occur during each movement, either that of the freight container or of the cargo, to be converted into electrical energy. Particularly advantageously, the amount of energy generated, in particular the voltage, from the communication unit or the energy storage medium via the electrical connection by means of cables 1070 be recorded; Thus, the vibration transducer can also measure as a sensor, whether the cargo container and / or the cargo are moved on schedule or unscheduled.

An eleventh embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy-receiving means by means of electromagnetic induction converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. 11 provides such a magnetic coil motion converter 1150 This is a magnet 1155 movable with the structure of the cargo container 100 mechanically connected, for example by means of a spring 1160 , A coil 1170 is arranged so that movements of the magnet induce a voltage. Particularly advantageously, the amount of energy generated, in particular the voltage, can be detected by the communication unit or the energy storage medium via the electrical connection by means of cable; Thus, the motion converter can also measure as a sensor, whether the cargo container and / or the cargo are moved on schedule or unscheduled. Another embodiment may be a wound with a coil tube with internally movable magnet, preferably in the form of a ball, wherein the tube may be bent.

A twelfth embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy receiving means comprises nanoantennas, which convert infrared radiation (IR radiation) into electrical energy.

A thirteenth embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy receiving means converts electromagnetic waves into electrical energy; For example, fractal antennas can convert UHF signals and other radio and radio waves into electrical energy.

A fourteenth embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein at least one of the energy receiving means is designed as a chemical energy converter. For this purpose, a pressure vessel may be filled with a temperature-variable agent, for example ethylene chloride. On the surface of the pressure vessel surface transducers are arranged, for example, piezo elements and films. The agent, here ethylene chloride, evaporates at a certain ambient temperature and thus increases the pressure in the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel expands. When the ambient temperature drops, the ethylene chloride condenses and the pressure in the pressure vessel drops. The attached piezoelectric elements convert the expansion and contraction of the pressure vessel into electrical energy.

A fifteenth embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein an analysis unit that can be integrated into the communication system evaluates the generated energy from at least one of the energy receiving means and derives therefrom environmental conditions, for example, whether the cargo container is being moved, there is a load , the tailgate is moved, the inside, outside temperature and / or temperature difference between them, and the like.

A sixteenth embodiment comprises the freight container of at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein the communication system 130 an energy management system. 13 shows such a power management unit or energy management unit 1200 , It is exemplified electrically with the energy-receiving means 150 coupled, one of which is shown, and converts the electrical energy, which may be for example in the millivolt range and / or may have very low current, in a voltage required for the particular application. In this case, each connected energy-receiving means 150 need a separate voltage transformer, or even more energy-receiving means 150 be connected to a voltage converter together. The voltage converter (s) may be exemplary in the power management unit 1200 or be in a microcontroller integrated DC / DC converter. The power management unit 1200 provides consumers with electrical energy, here: logic unit 1210 , Transmitting unit 135 , Analog-to-digital converter 1220 and sensor control unit 1230 , Sensors 210 , The power management unit 1200 is with the energy storage 140 coupled electrically and signal technically. Thus, electrical energy that is not sufficient to operate the necessary consumers, such as the communication system 130 or subunits thereof is needed in the energy storage medium 140 get saved. The status of the energy store, for example capacity, amount of available electrical energy or storable electrical energy, can be used by the power management unit 1200 to be controlled. In addition, electrical energy can consumers from the energy storage medium 140 to provide. The power management unit 1200 is exemplary with the logic unit 1210 signal-technically coupled. The sensors 210 are with the sensor control unit 1230 coupled signal-wise, for example, to initiate a measurement process and receiving or converting the sensor data. The sensor control unit 1230 is with the logic unit 1210 signal coupled to provide sensor data and so that the logic unit can initiate measurements. The sensor control unit 1230 is signal technology with the analog-to-digital converter 1220 coupled, which in turn with the logic unit 1210 signal technology is coupled; Thus, analog sensor data can be transmitted and evaluated. The sensor control unit and / or the analog-to-digital converter can also be in the logic unit 1210 be integrated. The logic unit 1210 is with the transmitting unit 135 signal technology coupled, which in this embodiment with an antenna system 1235 is electrically coupled. The power management unit 1200 is designed to optimize the available power for the applications. For example, it may put the other consumers in a hibernate state to operate in an energy-only harvesting mode. Likewise, it can activate individual or all systems, for example when a position determination or transmission is carried out, a sensor data evaluation is carried out or any other status message is to be sent. The power management unit 1200 For example, except for the voltage converter (s), they may enter a sleep state and wake up periodically and / or interruptively. For example, the sensor control unit 1230 for a sensor event, the logic unit 1210 notify or wake up with an interrupt from hibernation. For example, the transmitting unit 135 be signal-technically coupled with the power management system, directly or via the logic unit 1210 , and the power management unit 1200 and / or the logic unit 12010 From idle state in an active mode or operating mode, for example, via an interrupt when data is received, for which it must be designed to receive data. The power management unit 1200 For example, you can create and execute a priority list to optimize energy consumption. Likewise, in the case of energy shortage, preference may be given to consumers, for example the logic unit 1210 to take place over other consumers. A seventeenth embodiment includes the cargo container 100 at least one of the previous embodiments, wherein the transmitting unit 135 of the communication system 130 is formed, to further inventive cargo containers 100a . 100b . 100c Send data, receive from them and / or exchange data with other cargo containers according to the invention. The transmitting units 135 . 135a . 135b . 135c the communication systems 130 . 130a . 130b . 130c can form an internal data transmission network, also known as a mesh network. Thus, the individual cargo containers or their communication systems can communicate with each other, either directly with each other or, for example, via relay stations or relays; they form a bond with it. Examples of transmission technologies are ZigBee, RFID, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT), Wi-Fi networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Infrared, Near Field Communication (NFC), ANT sensor network, but also other transmission paths , The exchanged data may include the power state, the transmit power and the power generation rate, sensor data, position data, idle state data, data to build, receive, and abort the internal communications network, as well as any other necessary data. This allows the composite one or more freight containers as transmitters for the data to the remote station 136 preferably selecting the freight container (s) with the highest energy input and / or the best transmission power. This reduces the energy consumption of the other freight containers, as the energy-intensive individual transmission to the remote partner 136 eliminated. Furthermore, data from the freight container (s) selected for transmission to the remote terminal can be collected and sent together. Thus, communication link establishment and termination must be to the remote site 136 only once for a data transfer of the collected or combined data done and overall energy can be saved. 13 shows an exemplary arrangement of freight containers 100 . 100a . 100b . 100c during storage or transport. They form a network with an internal data transmission network. In this case, for example, more cargo containing containers 1399a . 1399b arranged between the cargo containers. cargo container 100 is, for example, the chosen transmitter because he can generate more energy by his position. cargo container 100a . 100b . 100c stand, for example, below or inside a transport ship. The transmitting units, for example, for satellite transmission, thus a worse transmission path to the remote terminal 136 , for example, a monitoring center. In this embodiment conveys cargo containers 100c the data directly to the transmitter cargo container 100 while cargo container 100b the data for forwarding to freight containers 100a which combines its own and the collected data or individually to the transmitter 100 forwards or sends. Transmission of data to the remote site 136 be transmitted or forwarded, are exemplified by arrows 1301 ; 1301a . 1301b . 1301c characterized. Furthermore, the transmitter can perform the position determination for the composite and announce in the internal data transmission network. Furthermore, the transmitter, the result of the most recent position determination in the remote to the remote site 136 insert data of other freight containers to be forwarded.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 4321754 C2 [0002]
• DE 102008019964 A1 [0003]

Claims (16)

A mobile cargo container, comprising: at least a first energy receiving means electrically coupled to an energy storage medium for transmitting electrical energy, a communication system electrically coupled to the energy storage medium for powering, a geographic location system signaled to the communication system is coupled to the transmission of geographic data via the communication system and is electrically coupled to the energy storage medium for power supply, characterized in that the first energy-receiving means for converting regenerative energies is formed according to a first conversion principle, and that at least one second energy-receiving means for Transmission of electrical energy to the energy storage medium is electrically coupled thereto, wherein the second energy-receiving means for converting regenerative energies after a second, different from the first Wa tion principle is formed. Cargo container according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more sensors are signal-technically coupled to the communication system, and that the one or more sensors are adapted to detect one or more of the following parameters: - a state of the environment, A state of charge, A condition of the cargo container, - opening or closing the tailgate, - completeness of the load, - presence of charge, - A state of the energy storage medium. Cargo container according to claim 2, characterized in that the sensor or sensors are configured to detect one or more of the following variables: - internal temperature of the cargo container, - outside temperature, - brightness, Movement in the cargo container, in particular of living beings, Moving the cargo container, - acceleration, - shaking, - gas concentration, - Print, - Humidity, - orientation of the cargo container to the horizontal, - Earth magnetic field - sound, - concentration of hazardous substances, - radioactivity, - wind speed, - wind direction, - closure state of the tailgate, - Electromagnetic waves, - A state of the energy storage medium. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an analysis unit with the communication system and at least one of the energy receiving means is signal-coupled, and that the analysis unit is configured based on the amount of electrical energy generated by at least one of the energy-receiving means Energy to capture one or more of the following parameters: - a state of the environment, A state of charge, A condition of the cargo container, An opening operation or closing operation of the loading flap, - completeness of the load, - presence of charge. Cargo container according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device for converting wind energy into electrical energy. Cargo container according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cargo container an air duct with an inlet and an outlet opening, which are preferably positioned laterally on the cargo container and each other diagonally opposite, and a reaching into the air space of the air duct rotor, preferably a Savonius rotor, wherein the rotor is formed in combination with an electric generator connected directly or via a transmission as an energy-receiving means. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a thermoelectric generator for converting different temperature levels into electrical energy, wherein a first side of the thermoelectric generator is thermally conductively coupled to the interior of the cargo container and a second side of the thermoelectric generator with the outside of the cargo container is thermally coupled. Cargo container according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device for converting solar energy into electrical energy, preferably a solar cell. Cargo container according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device which is arranged on the outer shell of the cargo container and which is formed upon impact of mass kinetic energy by means of a pressure-sensitive element, preferably a piezoelectric Element to convert into electrical energy. Freight container according to claim 9, characterized in that the at least one pressure-sensitive element is arranged on at least one solar cell module. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device for converting the resulting due to change in position of the charge mechanical force on the structure of the cargo container into electrical energy by arranging at least one pressure-sensitive element, preferably a piezoelectric Elementes, included in the bottom of the cargo container. Cargo container according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device for converting mechanical energy resulting from an external load acting on the cargo container into electrical energy, preferably arranged in / on the structure of the cargo container pressure-sensitive elements, preferably piezo elements. A cargo container according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one of the energy receiving means comprises a device for converting mechanical energy resulting from movements by transporting or loading the cargo container into electrical energy, the device preferably comprising one or more of the following conversion units comprises: a pendulum having at least one piezo element arranged to convert mechanical energy of the pendulum motion into electrical energy; a flexible, attached to one side of the structure of the cargo container rod with at least one piezoelectric element arranged so that it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy during rod bending; a pendulum with at least one magnet, which is arranged so that during oscillation a voltage is induced in a coil; a spring-mounted or spring-mounted element arranged with at least one magnet so that at spring vibration, a voltage is induced in a coil; a flexible bar attached to one side of the structure of the cargo container is arranged with at least one magnet so as to induce tension in a coil upon rod movement; a fixed to the structure of the cargo container body with cavity, preferably a covered shell or a tube bent upwards to both ends, with at least one piezo element on the inside and at least one movable mass, preferably a ball, arranged so that the at least a piezo element upon movement of the mass converts mechanical energy into electrical energy; a cavity fastened to the structure of the cargo container, preferably a covered shell or tube bent upwards to both ends, with at least one movable magnetic mass, preferably a magnetic ball, and a coil arranged so that when the magnetic mass moves Voltage is induced in the coil. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the energy-receiving means comprises a device for converting due to temperature-dependent expansion and / or contraction of a mass resulting mechanical energy into electrical energy, preferably by placing the mass in a pressure vessel with arranged on the container pressure-sensitive elements, preferably piezoelectric elements or piezo film. Freight container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the communication system is designed to form a data transmission network with the communication system of at least one other freight container according to the invention, via which information relating to - geographical position, - a state of the environment, A state of charge, A condition of the cargo container, - opening or closing the tailgate, - completeness of the load, - presence of charge - energy production rate, A sensor measurement result, A state of the energy storage medium, - Sleep, and / or - other data can be received and / or provided. Cargo container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the communication system is adapted to form a data transmission network with the communication system of at least one other cargo container according to the invention and to data of the at least one other cargo container according to the invention receive, evaluate, summarize, combine with other data to supplement with other data to compress and / or forward to at least one other cargo container according to the invention and / or to a remote terminal.

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