DE19736158A1 - Spatially reproducible image generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves generating several complete images (6) form an object (1) to be imaged. The images show the object from several laterally displaced directions which are arranged side-by-side with small distances in a plane (2). Lenses (8) are arranged before the images with a distance which is larger or smaller the focal length. An image is allocated to each lens. An Independent claim is includes for an arrangement for the generation of the image having an image recording apparatus (4) and an image viewing unit (7).

Description

The invention is based on an image, that of a view recognized as a spatial image without additional aids can be.

There are a variety of methods and devices using where pictures of objects can be made that then be taken by the viewer as a spatial image can.

In a known method (DE-OS 23 48 700) a Item sequentially recorded with a camera. To For this purpose, the camera must be between the individual shots be moved.

Also known is an additional device (DE-OS 21 42 099) that a standard camera continuously curved around the The subject moves. So here too several shots are taken men with a camera.  

In another known method (DE-PS 26 11 717) exposures are also carried out sequentially and a relative movement between the original and the light beams carried out.

The invention has for its object a method and an arrangement for producing a spatially reproducible To create images that can be carried out with little effort leave and give a satisfactory result.

The invention proposes a method for solving this problem with the features mentioned in claim 1.

The invention also proposes an arrangement with the Claim 15 mentioned features.

Developments of the invention are the subject of dependent Claims.

Basically, recording the item is sufficient two adjacent directions, so that two Images of the object are generated. The bigger, however the number of individual images is the better Playback possibility for the viewer, d. H. the bigger becomes the angle that enables spatial perception.

If the images when looking between the lens and the focal point of the lens, the spatial image lies behind the lenticular grid. The effect achieved is with a Comparable windows through which you can look through.

If the images are placed behind the focus of the magnifying glasses, the spatial image seems to be in front of the lenticular grid. It ent there is the impression that the object is silent in space ben.  

In a further development of the invention it can be provided that the The width of the magnifying glasses is equal to the width of the pictures. Then is a magnifying glass in each of the pictures appropriate distance before the individual image.

In a further development of the invention can be provided be that the figures are shortened in the lateral direction are produced or generated. Then the result remains overall picture about the same ratio of height and Width so that it can be more easily recognized by the viewer can.

Images of the object from different directions can be generated optically, especially in further training, with the help of an optical image. However, it is also possible and is proposed by the invention that the images of the object are generated arithmetically become. This is particularly important or useful if the objects to be depicted are more geometric Are kind, that is to say essentially consist of lines. This The type of generation of the images can then, for example be made if the items are too arithmetically determinable objects, for example wise in CAD programs. Since the mapping equations opti sher systems are known, the illustrations can also just calculate. It is also possible, for example one optical imaging on an electrically scanned device device, for example a CCD sensor, and the Then calculate the effect of the lenses. It is also possible with normal pictures, so not only if it starts objects to be formed consist of lines.

In a further development of the invention can be provided be that the images are generated simultaneously. This means when producing the images on optical  Way that for a still picture only one shot me is required.

In particular, in the preparation of the images can be can be seen that these are juxtaposed with the help of a row lying, in particular cylindrical, diverging lenses be put in the beam path to the optical Er generation of the figure can be arranged. This is the one most specialized way, like a variety of illustrations of the same Object from laterally offset directions on one flat surface can be generated.

In particular, it can be provided that the diverging lenses are arranged and designed so that with their Help generated images in a layer with little or lie next to each other without any lateral distance.

According to the invention, the illustrations can, for example a photographic film, i.e. in a camera or be created on a film camera, or on one Monitor or a screen.

The invention also proposes an arrangement with the Claim 15 mentioned features. The Einrich be part of the picture for viewing the picture, or but an additional device that the viewer in a similar way like a magnifying glass or an enlarger for slides has.

In particular, it can also be provided here that the width the magnifying glass is equal to the width of the pictures.

In a further training it can be provided that the Recording device is designed such that the image be shortened in the lateral direction.  

The recording device can have an optical camera or be formed by it. It is also possible that the Recording device has a video camera, if spatial Processes should be recorded and reproduced.

The recording device can also be designed in this way be that it calculates the figures mathematically. The Ab equations of formation of optical devices such as lenses, Mirrors or the like are known. It is therefore possible to also compute an image of an object. this applies especially if the objects are also in the form of Equations or numerical values are present, such as wise with CAD programs.

According to the invention it can be provided that the recording all images appear simultaneously or quasi simultaneously generated.

One way of generating several laterally shortened Illustrations consists of using a Row of cylindrical scatterers lying side by side to produce lenses.

According to the invention it can be provided that the figures on generated and / or displayed on a screen. Dar is also to be understood as meaning that the illustrations are initially based on an electrically scannable intermediate arrangement and only then on a screen with visible information be generated.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention he result from the patent claims, the wording of which is given by Be access to the content of the description is made, the fol description of a preferred embodiment of the Er and the drawing. Here show:  

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the creation of an image from several images.

FIG. 2 shows the arrangement for viewing the image generated in FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration for explaining the composition of several images;

FIG. 4 shows the optical path for explaining the image;

Fig. 5 shows the beam path in three adjacent magnifiers.

Fig. 1 shows a very simple overview of a possibility of how from a spatial object 1 with the help of an optical system a number of adjacent images from different directions in an image plane 2 can be produced. To produce an image from the subject 1 , an optical system is provided which is realized by the lens 3 shown schematically. The lens 3 can be a photographic lens. The lens 3 would normally produce a two-dimensional image of the object 1 in the image plane 2 . In front of the lens 3 , a device 4 for the production of several individual images is arranged in the beam path between the object 1 and the image plane 2 . It is a series of side-by-side cylindrical lenses 5 , that is, for example, a glass body, which is provided on one of the two sides with concave grooves. On each of the cylindrical lenses thus formed, an image of the complete object 1 falls, with all diverging lenses seeing the object 1 from a different direction. These different directions are laterally offset transversely to the cylinder axes of the lenses. The diverging lenses 5 produce a shortened image of the object 1 in this direction, which is imaged in the image plane with the aid of the lens 3 . This creates several adjacent images 6 of the object 1 in the image plane 2 . The device 4 is designed so that in the image plane 2, the individual images 6 of the object 1 are arranged with little or no spacing next to each other.

To view the individual images 6 produced in this way, for example color photographs, a viewing device 7 is used , which contains a plurality of cylindrical magnifiers 8 . The width of the loupes 8 , in other words, the grid of the loupes 8 corresponds exactly to the width of the individual images. As a result, a single magnifying glass 8 is arranged in front of each individual image, through which this image can be viewed. The distance between the image plane 2 and the viewing device 7 is selected such that the image plane 2 lies behind or in front of the focal plane of the magnifying glasses 8 . This creates a virtual image that is enlarged when viewing the individual images.

The size of the grid, ie the width of the individual images 6 and the cylindrical magnifying glasses 8 , can be relatively large.

It is possible, for example, to design the viewing device 7 as part of the finished paper image, but also to design the viewing device 7 in the manner of an image viewing device for transparencies.

The creation of the spatial impression by viewing several individual images is now explained with reference to FIG. 3. Fig. 3 shows schematically two adjacent images in the form of an arrow 9 , with a cylindrical magnifying glass 8 being provided for each arrow 9 .

Since the images of the object, in this case the arrows 9 a, 9 b, are taken from different directions, they are also at different locations in relation to their magnifying glasses 8 a, 8 b. When looking at arrow 9 a through magnifying glass 8 a, an image b arises. The following equation applies:

C (= correction factor) / f = b / (T + f)

Or in other words

C = b.f / (T + f)

The sizes of the grid width b and the focal length f are constant in a given lens system, so that the correction contribution C depends directly on the depth T of the virtual pixel behind the lens grid. The tip of arrow 9 a is shifted upward by the amount C in the lower lens system in FIG. 3 compared to the upper system from the respective optical axes. The following then applies to the distance a of the same depth point from image to image:

a = b - C

Now to Fig. 4. The following equations apply to image size B and image width g:

B = Gf / (T + f)
g = BT / G

When assembling the individual images to form a spatial overall image, see FIG. 5, each individual lens system of the lenticular screen contains a reduced version of the overall image that appears when viewed with the corresponding differences in the direction in the illustration. The width of the respective image section corresponds to the width of the individual lens of the lenticular screen.

The main and decisive advantage of the Invention proposed new methods compared to Herigen method is that in the known Procedure necessary, below the resolution of the Eye lenticular lenticular grid is no longer required here is. Grid widths can be selected that are relative are allowed to be large, since large single images without annoying The transition flows continuously into an overall picture. The upper limit of the grid width depends on the Be spacing. It must be on the retina of the eye at least two Lin lenses in the area of sharp vision senrasters with their drawing files and the directional difference map the.

application areas

In addition to the already mentioned generation of paper images, the can be viewed with the help of the magnifying glasses also television using the described method be improved. The picture with optically imaging construction elements or instruments and storage on one Photo layer or electronically via image converter can be done with the help of the lenticular grid. For receiving a lenticular grid with diverging lenses is used, and the reduced virtual drawing files of the object in the Lin Senraster are on the camera lens on the memory layer shown. The directions are in these drawing files differences that correspond to the respective depths of the object speak, already exists. So you get a complete ge rastered image template from each neighboring output points recorded individual images of an object all information about the room, brightness and color in a single operation. If now for playback  Lenticular grid with positive lenses in the correct size ratio used and placed in front of the image plane, he the recorded object appears as a three-dimensional space image. Such a lenticular grid can, for example, directly on be attached to the television, if necessary also afterwards.

Another possible application is three-dimensional Presentation of CAD drawings on a screen. In In this case, the individual partial images can be used Calculate using the known mapping equations and in display a grid on the screen before which one Front lens with the cylindrical magnifying glasses in the right one Grid can be attached.

Claims (27)

1. A method for producing or generating a spatially reproducible image, in which

• 1.1 several complete images ( 6 ) are generated from the object to be imaged ( 1 )
• 1.2 show the object ( 1 ) from several laterally offset directions and
• 1.3 which are arranged in a plane ( 2 ) next to each other with a small lateral distance, and in which
• 1.4 in front of the illustrations ( 6 ) a series of magnifying glasses ( 8 ) are arranged next to each other
• 1.5 from the figures ( 6 ) have a distance of more or less than the focal length and
• 1.6 of which each magnifying glass ( 8 ) is assigned to a figure ( 6 ).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the width of the magnifying glasses ( 8 ) is equal to the width of the images ( 6 ). 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the Abbildun gene ( 6 ) shortened in the lateral direction are produced or generated. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which magnifying glasses ( 8 ) are used as magnifying glasses. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the images ( 6 ) are generated optically. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the images ( 6 ) are generated by calculation. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the images ( 6 ) are generated simultaneously. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the images ( 6 ) with the help of a series of adjacent scattering lenses ( 5 ) are produced or generated, which are arranged in the beam path for optical in the generation of the images ( 6 ) and the dissipate laterally. 9. The method according to claim 8, in which the Strereuungslin sen ( 5 ) are arranged and designed such that the images generated with their help ( 6 ) in a plane ( 2 ) with little or no spacing next to each other. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the dispersing lenses ( 5 ) are cylindrical lenses. 11. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the diverting lenses ( 5 ) act in the direction transverse to their direction of diverging as converging lenses. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, at that for illustration at least two rows from each other the arranged scattering lenses and / or for reproduction  at least two rows of one above the other Lenses are used. 13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, in which the diverging lenses ( 5 ) are simulated by computer. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the images ( 6 ) are generated and / or reproduced on a screen. 15. Arrangement for producing or generating a spatially reproducible image, with

• 15.1 an image recording device ( 4 ), the
• 15.2 records several images ( 6 ) of an object ( 1 ) from laterally offset directions in one plane ( 2 ), as well as with
• 15.3 an image viewing device ( 7 ), the
• 15.4 has a row of magnifying glasses ( 8 ) arranged next to one another,
• 15.5 each of which is assigned to one of the figures ( 6 ) and
• 15.6 from this has a distance of less or more than the focal length.

16. The arrangement according to claim 15, wherein the width of the magnifying glasses ( 8 ) is equal to the width of the images ( 6 ). 17. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 16, wherein the magnifiers are cylindrical magnifiers ( 8 ). 18. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the recording device ( 14 ) is designed such that the images ( 6 ) are produced shortened in the lateral direction. 19. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 18, in which the recording device has an optical camera. 20. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 19, in which the recording device has a video camera. 21. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the recording device calculates the images ( 6 ) by calculation. 22. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 21, wherein the recording device generates all images ( 6 ) simultaneously. 23. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 22, in which the images are produced with the aid of a row lying side by side of the diverging lenses ( 5 ), which are arranged in the beam path for producing the images ( 6 ). 24. The arrangement according to claim 23, wherein the Dispersing lenses ( 5 ) are cylindrical lenses. 25. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 24, in which the cylindrical diverging lenses ( 5 ) are angeord net and designed such that he with the help of he created images ( 6 ) in a plane ( 2 ) with little or no distance from each other . 26. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 25, in which the images ( 6 ) are generated and / or reproduced on a screen. 27. Arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 26, in which the object ( 1 ) is present as a computational model.