DE19711869A1 - Wind power plant with rotors - Google Patents
Wind power plant with rotorsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19711869A1 DE19711869A1 DE19711869A DE19711869A DE19711869A1 DE 19711869 A1 DE19711869 A1 DE 19711869A1 DE 19711869 A DE19711869 A DE 19711869A DE 19711869 A DE19711869 A DE 19711869A DE 19711869 A1 DE19711869 A1 DE 19711869A1
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- rotor
- generator
- ring
- wind
- plant according
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/80—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
- H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
- H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
- F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Windenergieanlage entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a wind turbine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Windenergieanlagen (WEA) dienen im wesentlichen der Umsetzung eines Teiles der im Wind enthaltenen Energie in elektrische Leistung. Die bei der Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie des Windes in die mechanische Energie des Rotors der WEA auftretenden Kräfte und Momente müssen von den nachgeordneten Anlagenkomponenten aufgenommen bzw. übertragen werden. Hierbei unterliegt insbesondere der Bereich des Rotorblattanschlusses und der Triebstrang hohen statischen und dynamischen Belastungen, deren Kompensation zu kostenintensiven Systemkomponenten am Turmkopf (Nabe, Triebstrang und Maschinenhaus) führt.Wind turbines (WEA) essentially serve to implement a part of the wind contained energy in electrical power. The one in converting the kinetic energy of the wind in the mechanical energy of the rotor of the wind turbine forces and moments must be taken up or transferred by the downstream system components. The area of the rotor blade connection and the drive train are particularly affected high static and dynamic loads, the compensation of which is cost-intensive System components on the tower head (hub, drive train and machine house) leads.
Bis jetzt ausgeführte Konzepte /1/ verwenden eine an die Rotorwelle (Hauptwelle bzw. Getriebehauptwelle oder auch Generatorwelle) angeflanschte oder aufgesteckte Nabe an der die Blätter befestigt werden. Die Nabe stellt das Verbindungsglied zwischen Rotor und Triebstrang dar. Bei großen Windenergieanlagen (ab ca. 10 kW Nennleistung) wird ein kreisförmiger Blattanschluß mit einer Blattlagerung verwirklicht, die eine Drehbewegung des Rotorblattes um die Blattlängsachse ermöglicht. Das ist notwendig, um über eine Grundeinstellwinkeländerung des Blattes oder eine aktive Verstellung der Blätter die Rotorleistung einzustellen bzw. zu regeln. Der mit der Drehlagerung zwangsläufig verbundene kreisförmige Blattanschluß stellt jedoch für die komplexe Belastungsstruktur des WEA Rotors keine optimale Querschnittsform dar. Dies wirkt sich in einer Überdimensionierung und damit verbundenen Massen- und Kostenerhöhungen aus.Concepts / 1 / which have been carried out so far use a rotor shaft (main shaft or Main transmission shaft or alternator shaft) flanged or attached hub on the Leaves are attached. The hub provides the link between the rotor and the drive train For large wind turbines (from approx. 10 kW nominal power), a circular one Blade connection realized with a blade bearing, which rotates the rotor blade around the blade longitudinal axis enables. This is necessary in order to change the basic setting angle of the blade or an active adjustment of the blades to adjust the rotor power regulate. The circular blade connection which is inevitably connected to the rotary bearing provides however, not an optimal cross-sectional shape for the complex load structure of the wind turbine rotor This affects an oversizing and associated mass and Cost increases.
Kleinere Anlagen verfügen im allgemeinen nicht über Möglichkeiten zur aerodynamischen Leistungsregelung und besitzen einen festen Blattanschluß an die Nabe. Damit im allgemeinen verbundene Leistungseinbußen und eine Erhöhung der Anlagenbelastungen z. B. aus aerodynamischen Ungleichförmigkeiten der Blätter werden akzeptiert.Smaller systems generally do not have aerodynamic options Power control and have a fixed blade connection to the hub. So in general associated performance losses and an increase in system loads such. B. from aerodynamic irregularities of the blades are accepted.
Der Einsatz von aerodynamischen Steuern an den Rotorblättern, wie z. B. Wölbklappen, die eine Leistungsanpassung des Rotors an die jeweiligen Wind- und Standortbedingungen der Anlage gewährleisten, ermöglicht einen starren Anschluß der Rotorblätter, der belastungsoptimiert ausgelegt werden kann /2/. Bis jetzt werden solche Rotorsysteme nur bei zweiblättrigen WEA angewendet /3/, da sich hier gegenüber mehrblättrigen Anlagen einfachere Nabenkonstruktionen ergeben. The use of aerodynamic controls on the rotor blades, such as. B. flaps, the one Power adjustment of the rotor to the respective wind and location conditions of the plant ensure a rigid connection of the rotor blades, which optimizes load can be interpreted / 2 /. Until now, such rotor systems have only been used in two-bladed wind turbines used / 3 /, since here simpler hub constructions compared to multi-bladed systems surrender.
Über die Nabe werden die Kräfte und Momente weiter auf den Triebstrang und nachgeordnet über das Maschinenhaus und den Turm in das Fundament der Anlage abgeleitet. Bei dem Triebstrang kann derzeit zwischen aufgelösten und teilintegrierten Konzepten unterschieden werden. Bei einem aufgelösten Triebstrang (Abb. 1), bestehend aus Nabe, Hauptwelle, Lager, Getriebe und Generator (z. B. Nordex N52) übernimmt jedes Bauteil eine bestimmte Funktion, die Nabe dient zur Blattaufnahme, die Hauptwelle zur Momentenübertragung, die Lager stützen die Kräfte gegenüber dem Maschinenhaus und dem Turm ab, usw. . Bei der Übertragung der Rotorkräfte und -momente entstehen im klassischen Triebstrang Folgebelastungen aus Drehmomenten und Massenkräften, z. B. Torsionsmomente in der Hauptwelle aufgrund von Differenzen zwischen Rotor- und Generatordrehmoment, die bei der Konstruktion berücksichtigt werden müssen. Bei einem teilintegriertem Triebstrang (z. B. Enercon E40) fällt z. B. die Hauptrotorwelle und das Getriebe weg und der Rotor wird über die Nabe direkt an die Generatorwelle angebunden (Abb. 2). Bei den bisher verwirklichten teilintegrierten Triebsträngen mit Ringgeneratoren fällt auf, daß aufwendige und schwere Konstruktionen notwendig sind, um von dem kleinen Durchmesser der Hauptwelle, an die über die Nabe die Blätter angeflanscht sind, auf die für die Ringgeneratoren benötigten großen Durchmesser zu gelangen.The forces and moments are further transferred to the drive train via the hub and, subsequently, via the machine house and the tower into the foundation of the system. With the powertrain, a distinction can currently be made between dissolved and partially integrated concepts. With a dissolved drive train ( Fig. 1), consisting of a hub, main shaft, bearing, gearbox and generator (e.g. Nordex N52), each component has a specific function, the hub is used to take up the leaf, the main shaft to transmit torque and support the bearings the forces against the machine house and the tower, etc.. When the rotor forces and torques are transmitted, subsequent loads of torques and inertial forces arise in the classic drive train, e.g. B. torsional moments in the main shaft due to differences between the rotor and generator torque, which must be taken into account in the design. In the case of a partially integrated drive train (e.g. Enercon E40), B. the main rotor shaft and the gearbox away and the rotor is connected directly to the generator shaft via the hub ( Fig. 2). In the partially integrated drive trains with ring generators realized so far, it is noticeable that complex and heavy constructions are necessary in order to get from the small diameter of the main shaft to which the blades are flanged via the hub to the large diameters required for the ring generators.
Die Entwicklung von leichteren Anlagen, die Reduzierung von Beanspruchungen sowie eine beanspruchungsgerechte Konstruktion stellen Maßnahmen dar, die zu einer Kostenreduzierung führen und somit zu der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Windenergieanlagen beitragen.The development of lighter systems, the reduction of stresses and one Construction designed to meet the demands are measures that reduce costs lead and thus contribute to the profitability of wind turbines.
Die Erfindung sieht eine Funktionsintegration des Triebstranges und des Maschinenhauses einer Windenergieanlage in nur noch einem, dem als Außenläufer-Generator bezeichneten Bauteil vor (Abb. 3). Der drehbare Außenteil des Generators dient der direkten Blattaufnahme und der Übertragung der Kräfte und Momente auf den inneren, feststehenden Ring des Generators, der quasi als Maschinenhaus fungiert und die Turmanbindung sowie weitere Systemgruppen wie z. B. eine Bremse integriert, die als Trommelbremse ausgeführt ist und unmittelbar auf den Außenring des Generators wirkt. Aufgrund dieser Funktionsintegration fallen bisher benötigte, kostenintensive Bauteile des Triebstranges wie Nabe (im oben benannten Sinn), Hauptwelle, Getriebe, Bremsscheibe, bis hin zum Maschinenhaus weg.The invention provides for functional integration of the drive train and the machine house of a wind turbine in only one component, the component referred to as the external rotor generator ( Fig. 3). The rotatable outer part of the generator is used for the direct sheet reception and the transmission of forces and moments to the inner, fixed ring of the generator, which acts as a kind of machine house and the tower connection and other system groups such as. B. integrated a brake, which is designed as a drum brake and acts directly on the outer ring of the generator. Due to this functional integration, previously required, cost-intensive components of the drive train such as the hub (in the above-mentioned sense), main shaft, gearbox, brake disc and even the machine house are no longer required.
Die damit mögliche, extrem kompakte Bauweise vermeidet durch die Umwandlung der mechanischen Rotorleistung in elektrische Leistung in einer Wirkebene unter anderem bisher auftretende dynamische Belastungen im Triebstrang. Gegenüber dem Blattanschluß über die Naben-Wellen Kombination ergeben sich hier deutliche Vorteile hinsichtlich der Festigkeit und in der technischen Realisierung Kostenvorteile. Der Einsatz eines Außenläufer-Generators ermöglicht eine offene Bauweise die aufgrund von großen Querschnitten und der damit verbundenen Erhöhung von Biege- und Torsionssteifigkeiten gegenüber der Naben-Wellen Kombination zu einer leichteren Bauweise führt, und eine Stufung von kleine auf große Querschnitte, wie bei teilintegrierten Triebsträngen bisher üblich, überflüssig macht.The extremely compact design possible with this is avoided by converting the mechanical rotor power in electrical power in one effective plane, among other things so far dynamic loads occurring in the drive train. Opposite the blade connection over the Hub-shaft combination results in clear advantages in terms of strength and cost advantages in the technical implementation. The use of an external rotor generator enables an open design due to the large cross-sections and thus associated increase in bending and torsional stiffness compared to the hub shafts Combination leads to a lighter design, and a gradation from small to large Cross sections, as was previously the case with semi-integrated drive trains, are no longer necessary.
Die Krafteinleitung der Rotorkräfte und -momente in die Außenstruktur des Generators erfolgt über einen festen (nicht drehbar gelagerten) Blattanschluß. Durch die Verwendung von aerodynamischen Steuern an den Rotorblättern entfällt die Notwendigkeit der Drehlagerung der Blätter und der damit verbundenen kreisförmigen Blattanschlüsse. Aufgrund der sich gegenüber herkömmlichen Nabenabmessungen ergebenden großen Baulänge und -breite des als Blattaufnahme dienenden Generatorgehäuses können den Belastungen angepaßte und leistungsoptimierte Querschnittsformen und Ausrichtungen der Blattanschlüsse mehrblättriger Anlagen realisiert werden. Eine starke Verjüngung des Blattes im Bereich des Blattanschlusses auf eine zylindrische Form und eine aus Festigkeitsgründen notwendige Aufdickung der Struktur ist nicht erforderlich. Durch eine optimierte Ausrichtung des Anschlußquerschnittes zur Rotordrehachse können die dimensionierenden Schubbelastungen des Rotors besser aufgefangen werden und führen bei reduziertem Materialaufwand zu einer Beanspruchungssenkung.The force of the rotor forces and moments is introduced into the external structure of the generator via a fixed (not rotatably mounted) blade connection. By the use of aerodynamic controls on the rotor blades eliminate the need for the rotary bearing Blades and the associated circular blade connections. Because of the opposite conventional hub dimensions resulting in large overall length and width of the Blade housing serving generator housing can be adapted to the loads and performance-optimized cross-sectional shapes and alignments of the blade connections multi-blade Plants can be realized. A strong rejuvenation of the blade in the area of the blade connection to a cylindrical shape and a thickening of the necessary for strength reasons Structure is not required. Through an optimized alignment of the connection cross section to The axis of rotation of the rotor can better measure the shear loads on the rotor be caught and lead to a reduced material consumption Reduction of stress.
Die Anbindung der Blätter kann gegenüber herkömmlichen kraftschlüssigen Verbindungen auch als formschlüssige Verbindung z. B. als Klemmverbindung ausgeführt werden, was wiederum zu konstruktiven Vereinfachungen der Blattstruktur im Anschlußbereich führt und eine bessere Krafteinleitung in das Generatorgehäuse gewährleistet.The connection of the leaves can also be compared to conventional non-positive connections as a positive connection z. B. run as a clamp connection, which in turn constructive simplifications of the leaf structure in the connection area leads and a better one Force transmission into the generator housing guaranteed.
Durch die zylindrische Struktur des Generators läßt sich in einfacher Weise eine Trommelbremse realisieren die über Einschübe oder unmittelbar auf den Außenring wirkt. Durch die relativ großen Durchmesser verringert sich gegenüber herkömmlichen, auf die langsame Welle wirkenden Bremssystemen das Bremsmoment und damit die für die Bremsvorgänge nötigen Aktuatorkräfte.Due to the cylindrical structure of the generator, a Realize the drum brake which acts on the outer ring via inserts or directly. The relatively large diameter reduces compared to conventional ones slow shaft acting braking systems the braking torque and thus for the Braking operations require actuator forces.
Durch den Einsatz von elektrischen Aktuatoren für die Klappenverstellung an den Rotorblättern und für das Bremssystem sowie den Fortfall eines Getriebes entfällt die Notwendigkeit für ein Hydrauliksystem bzw. für den Einsatz von Schmierstoffen, was zu weiteren Einsparungen führt und umweltbelastende Leckagen ausschließt. By using electrical actuators for flap adjustment on the rotor blades and for the braking system as well as the failure of a transmission, the need for one is eliminated Hydraulic system or for the use of lubricants, which leads to further savings and excludes environmentally harmful leaks.
Die Erfindung verbessert die Wirtschaftlichkeit von WEA durch:
The invention improves the economy of wind turbines by:
- - die Funktionsintegration von Systemkomponenten in den Generator als tragende Struktur zur Blattaufnahme, Steuerungsintegration (z. B. Bremse, elektrisches System) und Turmanbindung und dem damit verbundenen Fortfall von bisher benötigten kostenintensiven Komponenten (Nabe, Hauptwelle, Getriebe etc.),- The functional integration of system components in the generator as load-bearing Structure for sheet intake, control integration (e.g. brake, electrical system) and tower connection and the associated elimination of previously required cost-intensive components (hub, main shaft, gear, etc.),
- - über bisherige Konzepte hinausreichende Möglichkeiten zur optimalen Anpassung der Konstruktion an die auftretenden Belastungen durch einen Kraftfluß optimierten Blattanschluß, Reduktion von Folgebelastungen aus Drehmomenten und Massenkräften und sich aus der Bauweise ergebende, große Querschnitte mit entsprechenden belastungssenkenden Widerstandsmomenten- Opportunities for optimal adaptation of the Construction optimized to the loads occurring through a power flow Blade connection, reduction of subsequent loads from torques and mass forces and large cross sections resulting from the construction with corresponding load-reducing moments of resistance
- - und der Vermeidung von zusätzlichen Strukturen, um eine bisher übliche Querschnittsanpassung von Hauptwelle und Ringgenerator zu verwirklichen.- and the avoidance of additional structures to a previously common Realize cross-section adjustment of the main shaft and ring generator.
Die Erfindung ist anhand nachfolgender Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert.The invention is based on the following description of a preferred embodiment explained.
Die in Abb. 4 und 5 wiedergegebenen Ansichten zeigen am Beispiel einer als Lee-Läufer ausgelegten Windenergieanlage die wesentlichen Merkmale der Erfindung. Mindestens zwei Rotorblätter (1), die mit aerodynamischen Klappen (6) im äußeren Blattbereich ausgestattet sind, werden direkt an den sich drehenden Außenteil des Generators (2) fest (nicht drehbar) angeschlossen. Die Blätter weisen im Anschlußbereich (inneren 10-20% des Rotorblattes) eine mäßige Verjüngung bei annähernd gleichbleibender Profilform auf (bei gewöhnlichen Rotorblättern erfolgt hier der Übergang zu zylindrischen Formen). Gleichzeitig wird das Rotorblatt im Anschlußbereich stark verwunden so daß der Anschlußquerschnitt in einem für die Beanspruchungen aus Luft-, Massen- und Zentrifugalkräften optimalen Winkel zur Generatordrehachse steht.The views reproduced in FIGS. 4 and 5 show the essential features of the invention using the example of a wind turbine designed as a Lee rotor. At least two rotor blades ( 1 ), which are equipped with aerodynamic flaps ( 6 ) in the outer blade area, are connected directly (not rotatable) to the rotating outer part of the generator ( 2 ). The blades have a moderate taper in the connection area (inner 10-20% of the rotor blade) with an almost constant profile shape (in the case of ordinary rotor blades, the transition to cylindrical shapes takes place here). At the same time, the rotor blade is severely wound in the connection area so that the connection cross section is at an optimal angle to the generator axis of rotation for the stresses from air, mass and centrifugal forces.
Der Anschluß der Blätter an das drehende Generatorgehäuse kann über eine kraftschlüssige (z. B. Flansch- oder sogenannte "Ikea-") Verbindung, über eine formschlüssige Verbindung, bei der die Rotorblätter auf Zapfen (7) gesteckt werden, die sich auf dem Generatorgehäuse befinden, und von außen über ein entsprechendes Gegenstück (8) formschlüssig verspannt werden oder über eine Kombination aus form- und kraftschlüssiger Verbindung erfolgen. The connection of the blades to the rotating generator housing can be via a non-positive (e.g. flange or so-called "Ikea") connection, via a positive connection in which the rotor blades are plugged into pins ( 7 ) which are located on the generator housing are located, and are clamped from the outside via a corresponding counterpart ( 8 ) in a form-fitting manner or via a combination of a form-fitting and force-fitting connection.
Das Generatorgehäuse ist über Drehlager auf dem feststehenden Innenring des Generators (3) gelagert. Auf der Innenseite des Gehäuses sind unmittelbar oder über Einschübe die Vorrichtungen zur Generatorerregung (9) befestigt. Vorgeschlagen wird hier eine Kombination aus Permanenterregung mittels Magneten sowie Fremderregung durch Spulen. Damit ergeben sich Kostenvorteile gegenüber rein permanent erregten Generatoren aufgrund des geringeren Magnetmaterialbedarfs sowie Steuerungsvorteile durch den zusätzlichen Regeleingriff über die Fremderregung.The generator housing is mounted on the fixed inner ring of the generator ( 3 ) via rotary bearings. The devices for generator excitation ( 9 ) are fastened to the inside of the housing directly or via inserts. A combination of permanent excitation using magnets and external excitation using coils is proposed here. This results in cost advantages compared to purely permanently excited generators due to the lower magnetic material requirement and control advantages through the additional control intervention via the external excitation.
Weiterhin ist ein Bereich integriert (11), auf den die Bremskräfte der radial wirkenden Aktuatoren übertragen werden (Trommelbremse).Furthermore, an area is integrated ( 11 ) to which the braking forces of the radially acting actuators are transmitted (drum brake).
Auf dem Innenring befinden sich die Blechpakete des Generators (10) sowie das Bremssystem (11).The laminated core of the generator ( 10 ) and the brake system ( 11 ) are located on the inner ring.
Der Zwischenraum zwischen Gehäuse und Innenring kann für weiter benötigte Systeme (5) z. B. Steuerungs-, Überwachungssysteme und Umrichter, etc. benutzt werden. The space between the housing and the inner ring can be used for other systems ( 5 ) z. B. control, monitoring systems and converters, etc. can be used.
/1/ Carstensen, U. T. (Hrsg.) Windkraftanlagen Markt 1995, Winkra-Recom Messe- und Verlags-GmbH, Hannover, 1995./ 1 / Carstensen, U. T. (ed.) Windkraftanlagen Markt 1995, Winkra-Recom trade fair and Verlags-GmbH, Hanover, 1995.
/2/ Montag, P., Richert, F. Regelung von Windkraftanlagen mit Wölbklappen, Vortrag auf der DEWEK '94, Wilhelmshaven, 1994./ 2 / Montag, P., Richert, F. Control of wind turbines with flaps, lecture on the DEWEK '94, Wilhelmshaven, 1994.
/3/ Miller, D. R. Summary of NASA/DOE Aileron Control Cevelopment Program for Wind Turbines, NASA TM-88811, NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 1986./ 3 / Miller, D.R. Summary of NASA / DOE Aileron Control Cevelopment Program for Wind Turbines, NASA TM-88811, NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 1986.
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