DE19602108A1 - Substances effective against bacteria, parasites, protozoa, mycota and viruses - Google Patents

Abstract

The use of sphingolipids as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and/or as substances effective against parasites and/or protozoans.

Description

The present invention relates to the use of substances known per se as substances effective against bacteria, mycota and viruses. In a special version The present invention relates to cosmetic and dermatological forms preparations containing such substances.

The healthy warm-blooded organism, especially the healthy human skin, is populated with a large number of non-pathogenic microorganisms. This so-called Microflora of the skin is not only harmless, it provides important protection Defense against opportunistic or pathogenic germs.

Bacteria are prokaryotic unicellular organisms. You can roughly follow theirs Shape (ball, cylinder, curved cylinder) as well as after the construction of their cell wall (gram positive, gram negative). Wear finer subdivisions also take into account the physiology of organisms. So aerobic, anaerobic exist like facultative anaerobic bacteria. Some individuals are in their capacity as pa thogenic germs of medical importance, others are perfect harmless.

Substances effective against bacteria have been known for some time. The term "Antibiotics" for example, which does not act on all antimicrobial substances applicable, can be dated to 1941, although the first findings for penicillin were found as early as 1929. Antibiotics in today's sense are not suitable for all medical and certainly not cosmetic applications net, since often the warm-blooded organism, e.g. the sick patient, also Use in any way impaired in its metabolic functions becomes.  

An object of the present invention was therefore the state of the art in this To enrich direction, in particular to make substances available, which are effective against gram-positive and / or gram-negative bacteria, without that with the application of the substances an unacceptable impairment of the Ge health of the user.

Gram-negative germs are, for example, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species and Enterobacteriaceen, such as Citrobacter.

Gram-positive germs also play a role in cosmetics and dermatology. In the Impure skin, for example, is a bacterial secondary, among other influences infections of etiological importance. One of the most important microorganisms in Related to blemished skin is Propionibacterium acnes.

Impure skin and / or comedones affect the well-being of those affected but even in mild cases. Since practically every or every young person from un pure skin of any kind is affected, there is a need for many people, to remedy this condition.

It was therefore a particular object of the present invention, one against immature ne skin or Propionibacterium acnes active substance or combination of substances to fin the.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to cosmetic des odorants. Such formulations serve to eliminate body odor, which ent stands when the odorless fresh sweat in particular through gram-positive Microorganisms is decomposed. The usual cosmetic deodorants are below different principles of action.

Both liquid deodorants, for example aerosol, are known and customary sprays, roll-ons and the like as well as solid preparations, for example deodorant sticks te ("sticks"), powder, powder sprays, intimate cleansers, etc.

In so-called antiperspirants, astringents - mainly aluminum salts such as aluminum hydroxychloride (aluminum chlorohydrate) - the formation of sweat and  be connected. Apart from the denaturation of the skin proteins, they work there for substances used, depending on their dosage, drastically in the heat in the armpit region and should only be used in exceptional cases the.

By using antimicrobial substances in cosmetic deodorants, the Bacterial flora on the skin can be reduced. Ideally, only the smell causing microorganisms can be effectively reduced. In practice, however emphasized that the entire microflora of the skin can be affected.

The sweat flow itself is not affected by this, ideally only the micro Biological decomposition of the sweat temporarily stopped.

Also the combination of astringents with antimicrobial substances in one and the same composition is common. The disadvantages of both classes of active ingredients cannot be completely eliminated in this way.

Finally, body odor can also be masked by fragrances, a method which least suits the aesthetic needs of the consumer as the Mixture of body odor and perfume smells rather unpleasant.

However, most cosmetic deodorants, like most Kos Metika as a whole, scented, even if it contains deodorizing agents. Perfuming can also serve to improve consumer acceptance of a cosmetic To increase the product or to give a product a certain flair.

The perfuming of active ingredient-sensitive cosmetic agents, in particular cosmetic des odorants, however, is often problematic because of active ingredients and perfume stock parts occasionally react with one another and render each other ineffective.

Deodorants should meet the following conditions:

• 1) They should cause reliable deodorization.
• 2) The natural biological processes of the skin must not be caused by the Desodo guarantees are affected.  
• 3) The deodorants do not have to be determined in the event of an overdose or other be harmless in accordance with the intended use.
• 4) They should not accumulate on the skin after repeated use.
• 5) They should be easy to incorporate into common cosmetic formulations.

Another object of the present invention was therefore cosmetic deodorant tien develop that do not have the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular in particular, the deodorants should largely protect the microflora of the skin, the number the microorganisms responsible for body odor selectively re reduce.

Furthermore, it was an object of the invention to develop cosmetic deodorants which are characterized by good skin tolerance. Under no circumstances should they deodorizing principles accumulate on the skin.

Another task was to develop cosmetic deodorants, which with a the greatest possible variety of common cosmetic auxiliaries and additives harmony ren, especially those with a deodorant or antiperspirant effect Formulations of significant perfume ingredients.

Yet another object of the invention was to provide cosmetic deodorants to ask, which over a longer period, in the order of magnitude of at least half a day, are effective without their effects noticeably after leaves.

Finally, an object of the present invention was deodorant cosmetic Develop principles that are as universal as possible in a wide variety of dosage forms Shapes of cosmetic deodorants can be incorporated without any or few special dosage forms.

Mushrooms, also fungi [fungus = Latin mushroom], Mycota [µνκηζ = Greek mushroom] or Mycobionten in contrast to the bacteria belong to the eucaryotes. Eucaryotes are Living beings whose cells (eucytes) are in contrast to those of the so-called proca ryonten (Procyten) through a through nuclear envelope and nuclear membrane from the rest of the Cyto  plasma-delimited cell nucleus. The cell nucleus contains the genetic information in chro mosomes saved.

Representatives of the mycobionts include, for example, yeast (Protoascomycetes), mold (Plectomycetes), powdery mildew (Pyrenomycetes), downy mildew (Phyco mycetes) and the mushrooms (Basidiomycetes).

Fungi, not even the Basidiomycetes, are not plant organisms, but they do like this a cell wall, vacuoles filled with cell juice and a microscopic one that is clearly visible Plasma flow. They contain no photosynthetic pigments and are C-hetero troph. They grow under aerobic conditions and gain energy through oxidation organic substances. However, some representatives, such as yeasts, are facultative active anaerobes and capable of generating energy through fermentation processes.

Dermatomycoses are diseases in which certain types of fungi, especially dermatos phytes, penetrate the skin and hair follicles. The symptoms of dermatomycoses For example, vesicles, exfoliation, rhagades and erosion are usually associated with Itching or allergic eczema.

Dermatomycoses can essentially be divided into the following four groups: Dermatophytia (e.g. epidermophytia, favus, microsporie, trichophytia), yeast mycoses (e.g. pityriasis and other pityrosporum-related mycoses, Candida infections, Bla stomycose, Busse-Buschke disease, torulose, piedra alba, torulopsidosis, trichospo rose), mold mycoses (e.g. aspergillosis, cephalosporidosis, phycomycosis and Sko pulariopsidosis), system mycoses (e.g. chromomycosis, coccidiomycosis, histoplasmo se).

Pathogenic and facultatively pathogenic germs include, for example, from Group of the yeast Candida species (e.g. Candida albicans) and those of the Pityro family sporum. Pityrosporum species, especially Pityrosporum ovale, are for skin diseases genes such as pityriasis versicolor, seborrhea in the forms Seborrhoea oleosa and Sebor rhoea sicca, which are mainly expressed as seborrhea capitis (= dandruff), se blame borrheic eczema and pityrosporum folliculitis. A beta Pityrosporum ovale's involvement in the development of psorasis is recognized by experts discussed.  

All areas of human skin can be affected by dermatomycoses. Dermatophytia almost exclusively affect skin, hair and nails. Hefemycoses can Mucous membranes and internal organs are also affected, system mycoses extend regularly on whole organ systems.

The areas of the body that are affected by clothing, Jewelry or shoes can accumulate moisture and heat. So the foot belongs mushroom to the best known and most widespread dermatomycoses. Especially fungal diseases of the finger and toenail areas are still unpleasant (Ony chomycoses).

Furthermore, super infections of the skin by fungi and bacteria are not uncommon.

If there is a primary infection, d. that is, the normal germ colonization of the skin Tending new infection with high bacterial counts of one or more often physiological Pathogens, for example staphylococci, but often also unphysiological pathogens, for example Candida albicans, can coincide with unfavorable influences a "superinfection" of the affected skin occurs. The normal microflora of the skin (or another body organ) is literally caused by the secondary pathogen overgrown.

Such superinfections can, depending on the germ in question favorable cases in unpleasant skin symptoms (itching, un beautiful external appearance). In unfavorable cases, However, they lead to extensive destruction of the skin, in the worst case culminate even in the death of the patient.

Superinfections of the type described above are e.g. B. often in the full screen of AIDS secondary diseases occurring. In itself - at least in low germ densities - un harmful, but possibly also extremely pathogenic germs In this way, the healthy skin flora is preserved. However, there are others with AIDS Body organs affected by super infections.  

Such superinfections are also common in a variety of dermatological conditions diseases, e.g. B. atopic eczema, neurodermatitis, acne, seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis observed. Also many medical and therapeutic measures e.g. B. the radio or chemotherapy of tumor diseases, as a side effect Called, drug-induced immunosuppression or systemic Antibiotic treatment, as well as external chemical or physical influences (e.g. pollution, smog), promote the occurrence of super infections external and internal organs, especially the skin and mucous membranes.

In individual cases, it is easily possible to cause super infections with antibiotics fight, but mostly such substances have the disadvantage of being more unpleasant Side effects. For example, patients are often allergic to penicillins because appropriate treatment would be prohibited in such a case.

Furthermore, topically administered antibiotics have the disadvantage that they damage the skin flora not only rid of the secondary pathogen, but also the physiological itself Skin flora severely impair and the natural healing process in this way is braked again.

The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art eliminate and substances and preparations containing such substances for To make available, which can be used to cure super infections NEN, the physiological skin flora does not suffer any significant losses.

Protozoa are parasitic single-celled organisms with clearly delineated cell nuclei, which reproduce sexually (by double or quadruple division and budding), or but gender (Gameto, Gamonto and Autogamy). The food intake the environment occurs through permeation as well as through pin or phagocytosis. The mei Protozoa can besides vegetative, mostly mobile states (so-called trophozoites) under unfavorable circumstances also cysts as permanent form train men.

Depending on the type and apparatus of locomotion, protozoa are divided into four different groups pen divided:

• (a) Mastigophora (flagellates with flagella)  
• (b) Sacodina / Rhizpoda (amoeboid movement pattern through plasma protrusion gene)
• (c) Sporozoa (meandering or sliding movement pattern)
• (d) Ciliata / Ciliophora (cilia or flagellation)

Parasitic protozoa are common in subtropical and tropical areas due to stinging and sucking insects, but also dirt and smear infection as well as transmitted through the food chain.

Some medically and dermatologically relevant protozoonoses are: trichomoniasis (caused by Trichomonas vaginalis), Lamblia dormancy (caused by Lamblia intesti nalis), visceral and cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (causes, for example by Leishmania donovanii, L.tropica, L.brasiliensis, L-mexicana, L.diffusa or L. pifa noi), trypanosmiasis (caused by different types of trypanosoma), amoebic dysentery and amebiasis (caused, for example, by different types of entamoebe, iodine amoeba butschlii or Naegleria fowleri), coccidosis (by Isospora belli) and Balanti denruhr (caused by Balantidium coli).

Medical and dermatological phenomena caused by protozoonoses impair human well-being, in some cases significantly. It therefore exists the data subjects have a significant need to remedy this situation. An object of the present invention was therefore to act against protozoa To find principles of action.

Parasites are single or multicellular plants or animals that rely on (= ectoparasites) or feed in (= endoparasites) other living things at their expense, with (= Pathogens parasites) or without (apathogenic parasites) causing sickness symptoms. The way of life is either aprophatic or pure parasitic, possibly only as a periodic, temporary or stationary parasite. The Ent Parasite development is related to one or more different host organisms bound, whereby the person can be intermediate host or end host.

Helmin are examples of medically and dermatologically significant parasites then, which are subdivided into Trematodae, Cestodae and Nematodae. The Helmet pants that impair human well-being are, for example, Bilhar  ziosis, (caused by Schistosoma species), tapeworm infestation from the intestine and others internal organs (caused by e.g. Taenia species and Echinococcus-Ar ten), ascanasis (caused by Ascaris lumbricoides), enterobiasis (caused by Enterobium vermicularis), Paragonimiasis (caused by Paragonium species), Fila riosis (caused, for example, by Wucheria bancrofti) and other nematodes infestation (for example caused by Trichuris trichura or Trichinella spiralis).

In addition, there are a large number of parasitic species on or in humans and animals Insect species or arachnids, the medical and dermatological changes against the host organisms. In this regard, for the impairment of the Parasitosis responsible for human well-being are, for example, Accro dermatitis (caused by cereal mites, e.g. Pediculoides ventricosus), Scabies (caused by Sarcoptes scabii), fly and / or fly larvae (caused by Glossina, Stomoxys, Tabanus, Chrysops, Lucilia, Chrysomya, Cochliamya, Wohlfartia, Cordylobia or Dermatobia species), mosquito and / or mosquito larvae infestation (caused, for example, by Aedes-Culex, Anophe les, Phlebotomus Culicuides, Sumilium or Haemagoges species), tick infestation (caused, for example, by Argas persicus and other Argas species, Ornithodorus erraticus and other Ornithodorus species, Orobius- Rhiphocephalus-, Dermacentor-, Haemaphysalis - Amblyomma, Ixodes species), porocephalosis (caused by Po rocephalus species), flea infestation (caused, for example, by Pulex irritans, Ctenoce phalides canis, Xenopsylla cheopsis, Nosophyllus fasciatus or Sarcopsylla pene trans), lice infestation (caused, for example, by Phthirius pubis, Pediculosus huma nus or Pediculosus captits), bug infestation (caused, for example, by Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Panstrongylus megistus, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma dimidata, Triatoma infestans, Triatoma sordida or Triatoma brasiliensis) and mites infestation (caused, for example, by Demodex folliculorum and other Demodex-Ar as well as by Dermamyskus species, Glyciphagus domesticus, Pyemotes species, Sar cootes species or Trombicula species).

It is of additional importance that on or in the human organism living parasites in turn transmitters of bacteria, mycota, protozoa and Viruses can be the health and well-being of the host organism, for example way of human beings, can permanently impair. There was therefore a need to find effective active principles against parasitoses, which the medical or  are able to improve the dermatological appearance. To style this need len was therefore another object of the present invention.

In contrast to the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular organisms Viruses are biological structures that give way to biosynthesis Need host cell. Extracellular viruses (also called "virions") consist of egg ner single or double stranded nucleic acid sequence (DNA or RNA) and one Protein coat (called capsid), optionally an additional lipid-containing shell (Envelope) surrounded. The whole of nucleic acid and capsid is also Nu called cleocapsid. The viruses were classified classically according to clinical ones Criteria, but today mostly according to their structure, their morphology, in particular special but according to the nucleic acid sequence.

Medically important virus types are, for example, influenza viruses (family of the Orthomyxoviridae), Lyssaviruses (e.g. rabies, family of the rhabdoviruses) Enteroviruses (e.g. hepatitis A, family Picornaviridae), hepadnaviruses (e.g. hepatitis B, family the Hepadnaviridae).

There are no virucides, i.e. virus-killing substances in the actual sense, since Vi do not have their own metabolism. It was for that reason too discusses whether viruses should be classified as living beings. Pharmacological Interventions without damage to the unaffected cells is difficult in any case. Possible Mechanisms of action in the fight against viruses are primarily the disruption their replication, e.g. B. by blocking the enzymes important for replication, that are present in the host cell. Furthermore, the release of the viral nucleic acids be prevented into the host cell. As part of the disclosure presented herewith is used under terms such as "antiviral" or "effective against viruses", "virucidal" or similar Chen understood the properties of a substance, a single or multi-cell organization against harmful consequences of a viral infection, be it prophylactic or thera peutisch, to protect, regardless of what the actual mechanism of action the substance in individual cases.

However, the prior art lacks substances which are active against viruses, which, moreover, does not harm the host organism or only does so to a reasonable extent gene.  

An object of the present invention was therefore to remedy this problem, So to find substances that are effective in a single or multicellular organism against harmful consequences of a viral infection, be it prophylactic or therapeutic, to protect.

It has been found, surprisingly, and this is the solution to this problem that the use of sphingolipids as antibacterial, antimycotic, antiviral and active ingredients against protozoa and parasites have the disadvantages of the prior art Technology helps.

Sphingolipids and their use in pharmacy and cosmetics are known per se. The basic structure of the sphingolipids is sphingosine or phy tosphingosin, which are characterized by the following structural formulas:

Sphingolipids according to the invention are advantageously characterized by the general Basic structure

in which R₁ and R3 independently saturated or unsaturated, branched or represent unbranched alkyl radicals of 1 to 28 carbon atoms, R2 selected  is from the group: hydrogen atom, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl residues from 1 to 28 carbon atoms, sugar residues, with organic Residues esterified or unesterified phosphate groups, ver with organic residues esterified or unesterified sulfate groups and Y is either a hydrogen atom, a Hy represents droxy group or another hetero-functional radical.

The sphingolipids which are active according to the invention include those which occur naturally the ceramides, cerebrosides, gangliosides, sphingophospholipids, of these in particular the sphingomyeline, sphingosulfatide and glycosphingoside as well as chemi analog synthesis available, examples of which are listed below the:

Ceramides

R₁ and R₃ represent alkyl radicals, R₂ = H.

Sphingophospholipids

R₁ and R₃ represent alkyl radicals, R₂ represents a phosphate or organyl phosphate residue represents.  

Sphingomyeline are organylphosphorylated sphingolipids

If R2 is selected from the group of sugar residues, a distinction is usually made between whether Monoglycosylceramides or di, tri or generally oligoglycosylceramides are present. Monoglycosylceramides are commonly called cerebrosides:

Oligoglycosylceramides are mostly called gangliosides.

Preferred sphingolipids are ceramide I, II, III and IV, glucosylceramide, lacto sylceramide and the gangliosides GM 1, 2 and 3.

It has surprisingly been found that, when used according to the invention, the sphingolipids the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, My Prevent cobionts, parasites, protozoa and viruses. Hers is particularly advantageous Effect against gram-positive bacteria.

Furthermore, when used according to the invention, the sphingolipids are capable of growth of yeasts, in particular of the Pityrosporum species, namely Pityrosporum ovale prevent.

It has also been found that, according to the invention, the sphingolipids prevent the formation of seborrheic phenomena, especially dandruff other as well as existing seborrheic symptoms, especially head scab pen, eliminate.

Applied according to the invention, the sphingolipids are also well suited for Use as a deodorant active ingredient in cosmetic deodorants and against impure skin, mild forms of acne or propionibacterium acnes.

Finally, it was found that the sphingolipids used in accordance with the invention the spoilage of organic matter, especially cosmetic and dermatological Preparations by infestation with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Myco Bionts, protozoa, parasites and viruses can prevent them if they prepare them tions are added.

According to the invention there is therefore also a method for controlling mycobionts characterized in that sphingolipids, optionally in a suitable cosmetic human or dermatological carrier, with the Be contaminated by Mycobionten be brought in contact, as well as a process to protect organic pro products before infestation with Mycobionten, characterized in that this organi sphingolipids are added in an effective amount.  

The prior art gave no indication of the use according to the invention.

It was also astonishing that the sphingolipids used according to the invention in particular are effective against those responsible for the development of dandruff Germ Pityrosporum oval and related germs. A preferred embodiment of the Present invention are therefore formulations to be used against dandruff gene, for example anti-dandruff shampoos.

According to the invention, the sphingolipids are preferred in cosmetic or dermatolo Chemical compositions used a content of 0.005-50.0 wt .-%, esp Special 0.01-20.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the composition are preferred. The compositions advantageously contain 0.02-10.0% by weight particularly preferably 0.02-5.0% by weight of sphingolipids, very particularly advantageously 0.5 -3.0% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the composition.

It is also advantageous to use substances that are not pure sphingolipids are characterized by their content of sphingolipids.

According to the invention, the sphingolipids can be easily introduced into conventional kos Incorporate metallic or dermatological formulations, advantageously in pump sprays, Aerosol sprays, creams, ointments, tinctures, lotions, nail care products (e.g. nail varnishes, nail polish remover, nail balms) and the like.

According to the invention, the sphingolipids are particularly advantageous in the form of Anti-dandruff shampoos.

It is also possible and possibly advantageous to use the sphingolipids with a different effect to combine substances, for example with other antimicrobial, antimycotic or antiviral substances.

It is advantageous to buffer the compositions according to the invention. Advantageous is a pH range of 3.5-7.5. It is particularly favorable to keep the pH in a range to choose from 4.0-6.5.  

The cosmetic and / or dermatological formulations according to the invention can NEN be composed as usual and for the treatment of the skin and / or hair in the sense of a dermatological treatment or a treatment in the sense of care serving cosmetics. But you can also use make-up products in the decorative Cosmetics are used.

The cosmetic and / or dermatological agents according to the invention are used formulations onto the skin in the manner customary for cosmetics and dermatics and / or the hair is applied in sufficient quantity.

Cosmetic and dermatological preparations in the form are advantageous a sunscreen. These additionally advantageously contain at least a UVA filter and / or at least one UVB filter and / or at least one anor ganic pigment.

Cosmetic preparations according to the invention for protecting the skin against UV rays len can be in various forms, such as z. B. usually for this Type of preparations are used. So you can z. B. a solution, an emul water-in-oil (W / O) or oil-in-water (O / W) type, or a multiple Emulsions, for example of the water-in-oil-in-water (W / O / W) type, a gel, a Represent hydrodispersion, a solid stick or an aerosol.

The cosmetic preparations according to the invention can be cosmetic auxiliaries contain, as they are usually used in such preparations, for. B. Kon preservatives, bactericides, antioxidants, perfumes, agents for preventing the Foaming, dyes, pigments that have a coloring effect, thickening agent tel, surface-active substances, emulsifiers, softening substances, moist Tende and / or moisturizing substances, fats, oils, waxes or other usual Be constituents of a cosmetic formulation such as alcohols, polyols, polymers, foam stabilizers, electrolytes, organic solvents or silicone derivatives.

If the cosmetic or dermatological preparation is a solution or lotion can be used as solvents:

• - water or aqueous solutions;  
• - Oils, such as triglycerides of capric or caprylic acid, but preferably castor oil;
• - Fats, waxes and other natural and synthetic fat bodies, preferably Esters of fatty acids with alcohols of low C number, e.g. B. with isopropanol, propy lenglycol or glycerin, or esters of fatty alcohols with lower C- alkanoic acids Number or with fatty acids;
• - Alcohols, diols or polyols of low C number, and their ethers, preferably Ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono ethyl or monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl, monoethyl or mono butyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether and analog Pro products.

Mixtures of the abovementioned solvents are used in particular. Water can also be a component of alcoholic solvents.

According to the invention, all of the cosmetic and / or cosmetic agents can be used as favorable antioxidants suitable or customary antioxidants used in matological applications will.

The antioxidants are advantageously selected from the group consisting of amino acid ren (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (e.g. Uro canic acid) and its derivatives, peptides such as D, L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, lipoic acid and their derivatives (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), Aurothio glucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cy stin, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and Lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and theirs Salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and their Derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sul foximine compounds (e.g. buthioninsulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, buthioninsul fone, penta-, hexa-, heptathioninsulfoximine) in very low tolerable doses (e.g. pmol to µmol / kgg), also (metal) chelators (e.g. α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitin acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, Ap rock acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, bilirverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. γ-linolenic acid,  Linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and its derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their Derivatives, vitamin C and derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg - ascorbyl phosphate, Ascor byacetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (Vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoate of benzoin, rutinic acid and their Derivatives, ferulic acid and its derivatives, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, Nor dihydroguajak resin acid, nordihydroguajaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and their derivatives, mannose and their derivatives, zinc and its derivatives (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO₄) selenium and its derivatives (e.g. selenium methionine), stilbene and its derivatives (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives suitable according to the invention (Salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these active ingredients.

The amount of antioxidants (one or more compounds) in the preparations is preferably 0.001 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 0.05-20% by weight, ins particularly 1-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation.

If vitamin E and / or its derivatives are the antioxidant (s) advantageous, the respective concentrations of which range from 0.001-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.

If vitamin A or vitamin A derivatives or carotenes or their derivatives the or the antioxidants are advantageous, their respective concentrations from the Range of 0.001-10% by weight based on the total weight of the formulation choose.

Emulsions according to the invention are advantageous and contain z. B. the fats mentioned, Oils, waxes and other fat bodies, as well as water and an emulsifier as usual is usually used for such a type of formulation.

Gels according to the invention usually contain low C number alcohols, e.g. B. Ethanol, isopropanol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerin and water or a ge above named oil in the presence of a thickening agent used in oily alcoholic gels preferably silicon dioxide or an aluminum silicate, in the case of aqueous alcoholic or al alcoholic gels is preferably a polyacrylate.  

Fixed pins according to the invention contain e.g. B. natural or synthetic waxes, Fatty alcohols or fatty acid esters. Lip care sticks and desodorie are preferred rende stifte ("De-Sticks").

As a propellant for cosmetic sprayable from aerosol containers according to the invention or dermatological preparations are the usual known volatile, ver liquid blowing agents, e.g. B. hydrocarbons (propane, butane, isobutane) suitable can be used alone or in a mixture with one another. Compressed air is also available to use partially.

Of course, the skilled person knows that there are non-toxic propellants per se, the reason would also be suitable for the present invention, but nevertheless due to be environmental effect or other accompanying circumstances should, especially fluorocarbons and fluorochlorohydrocarbons (CFCs).

The preparations according to the invention can preferably also contain substances absorb the UV radiation in the UVB range, the total amount of the filter sub punch z. B. 0.1 wt .-% to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, in particular whose 1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the preparation, to kos To provide metallic preparations that protect the skin from the entire load Protect the realm of ultraviolet radiation. You can also use it as a sunscreen serve.

The UVB filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. As are oil-soluble substances e.g. B. To name:

• - 3-Benzylidene camphor and its derivatives, e.g. B. 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor,
• - 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4-dimethylamino) benzoic acid (2- ethylhexyl) ester, 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid amyl ester;
• Esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid (2-ethylhexyl) ester, 4- Isopentyl methoxy cinnamate;
• Esters of salicylic acid, preferably salicylic acid (2-ethylhexyl) ester, salicylic acid (4-isopropylbenzyl) ester, salicylic acid homomethyl ester;
• Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2- Hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophe non;  
• Esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably 4-methoxybenzalmalonic acid di (2- ethylhexyl) ester;
• - 2,4,6-trianilino (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1,3,5-triazine

The following are advantageous as water-soluble substances:

• - 2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its salts, e.g. B. sodium, potassium or Triethanolammonium salts,
• - Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts;
• - Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, such as. B. 4- (2-Oxo-3-bornylidene methyl) benzenesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl) sulfonic acid and their salts.

The list of the UVB filters mentioned, which can be used according to the invention, should of course not be limiting.

It can also be advantageous to use UVA filters in preparations according to the invention usually put in cosmetic and / or dermatological preparations are included. Such substances are preferably derivatives of Dibenzoylmethane, especially by 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) pro pan-1,3-dione and 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) propane-1,3-dione. Also prepare conditions containing these combinations are the subject of the invention. They can equal amounts of UVA filter substances are used, which for UVB filters substances were named.

Cosmetic and / or dermatological preparations according to the invention can also contain inorganic pigments that are commonly used in cosmetics to protect the Skin against UV rays. These are oxides of titanium, Zinc, iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum, cerium and mixtures there from, as well as variations in which the oxides are the active agents. Especially it is preferably pigments based on titanium dioxide. It can be used for the amounts mentioned above combinations are used.

Cosmetic preparations for hair care are, for example to shampoo, preparations used when rinsing the hair before or after  shampooing, before or after permanent waving, before or after dyeing Coloring or discoloration of the hair can be used to make preparations for blow drying or inserting the hair, preparations for dyeing or bleaching, for a hairdressing and treatment lotion, a hair lacquer or permanent waving agent.

The cosmetic preparations contain active ingredients and auxiliaries, as are more common Use wisely for this type of hair care and treatment be det.

Preservatives, surface-active substances, substances serve as auxiliary substances to prevent foaming, emulsifiers, thickeners, fats, oils, waxes, organic solvents, bactericides, perfumes, dyes or pigments, the up it is possible to dye the hair or the preparation itself, electrolytes, preparations against greasing the hair.

Cosmetic preparations containing a shampoo or a washing, showering or bath preparation, preferably contain at least one anionic, non-ionic or amphoteric surface-active substance or mixtures thereof, min at least a sphingolipid in an aqueous medium and auxiliary agents, as is usually the case be used.

Examples of surface-active substances which are advantageously used according to the invention can be conventional soaps, e.g. B. Fatty acid salts of sodium, alkyl sul fate, alkyl ether sulfates, alkane and alkylbenzenesulfonates, sulfoacetates, sulfobetaines, Sarcosinates, amidosulfobetaines, sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinic acid semiesters, alkyl ether carboxylates, protein fatty acid condensates, alkyl betaines and amido betaines, fat acid alkanolamides, polyglycol ether derivatives.

The surface-active substance can have a concentration between 1% by weight and 50% % By weight in the shampoo or the washing, showering or bathing preparation tion.

Is the cosmetic or dermatological preparation in the form of a lotion, which rinsed and z. B. before or after decolorization, before or after shampooing, between two shampooing steps, before or after the permanent wave treatment  is used, it is z. B. to aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic Lö solutions, which may contain surface-active substances, preferably not ionic or cationic surface-active substances, the concentration of which is between 0.1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 5% by weight. This Cosmetic or dermatological preparation can also use an aerosol with the usual represent the tools used for this.

In particular, a cosmetic preparation in the form of a lotion that is not rinsed out another lotion for inlaying the hair, a lotion that ver is used, a styling and treatment lotion, generally represents an aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic solution and contains at least one cationi cal, anionic, non-ionic or amphoteric polymer or mixtures of same, as well as one or more sphingolipids. The amount of sphingo used lipid lies e.g. B. between 0.1 and 10 wt .-%, preferably between 0.1 and 3 wt .-%.

Cosmetic and dermatological preparations for the treatment and care of the hair re, which contain at least one sphingolipid, can be present as emulsions, the are of the non-ionic or anionic type. Contain non-ionic emulsions in addition to water oils or fatty alcohols, for example polyethoxylated or polypro can be poxylated, or mixtures of the two organic components. These emulsions may contain cationic surface-active substances. Anionic emulsions are preferably of the soap type and contain at least least an ethoxylated or propoxylated organic compound according to the invention anionic or non-ionic in character.

Cosmetic and dermatological preparations for the treatment and care of the hair can be present as gels, which besides at least one sphingolipid and übli Chosen solvents still used organic thickeners, e.g. B. Gum Mariabikum, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, cellulose derivatives, preferably methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hy droxypropylmethylcellulose or inorganic thickeners, e.g. B. aluminum silicates such as bentonite, or a mixture of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol stearate or distearate. The thickener is in the gel, for. B. in one Amount between 0.1 and 30 wt .-%, preferably between 0.5 and 15 wt .-%, contain ten.  

The amount of the sphingolipids is preferably one intended for the hair Average 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight on the total weight of the preparations.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention clear. The data always refer to% by weight, unless other types gifts are made.  

example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Example 7

Example 8

Example 9

Example 10

Claims (3)

1. Use of sphingolipids as antibacterial, antimycotic, antiviral and / or as active ingredients against parasites and / or protozoa. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the sphingolipids ge against gram-positive bacteria. 3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the sphingolipids in egg nem usual cosmetic or pharmaceutical carriers are present.