DE1660230A1 - Process for the production of endless multifilament threads - Google Patents

Description

Method of making endless multifilament threads The invention relates to a method of making endless oriented multifilers Threads or strands of threads made of thermoplastic polymeric materials such as polyolefins, Polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyl chlorides and the like as well as their copolymers or misappropriations of these substances. From such endless synthetic multifilaments The thread bundles and oars produced are definitely of higher strength than natural fiber or staple fiber webs and therefore especially for many technical and textile purposes suitable.

In traditional melt spinning of thermoplastic multifilaments tend the freshly extruded individual capillaries during or immediately after Access of the melt from the thread-forming tool for gluing together as well as at least partially fusing with one another and during the subsequent pulling out and stretching to Fadenbruoh. There are therefore already the suggestions been made to largely prevent sticking together and reduce the number of thread breaks to reduce by putting in this or that catfish for a ranch @ cooling and gentle global treatment of the individual capillaries is provided (see e.g. E. P. 807, 248).

The invention takes a completely different path. She goes with it on the basis of the knowledge that the melt-spinning of thermoplastic multifilaments has hitherto been used Occurring Mongol can not arise at all, if one is aware of the multifull capillaries In viner Follenbahn summarized and therefore initially as a film web, which is the contiguous Band corresponds to a plurality or multitude of capillaries lying next to one another, extruded and this film web thin in continuous uniform single capillaries disassembled.

It has been pre-soleed earlier, for textile Zweake a thin sheet of new paper, cellulose or other material in narrow strips to be cut up (see e.g. US. P. 2. 106. 896) or thin foils or foil strips from thermoplastic high-polymer masses to orientate by stretching and by subsequent mechanical action of various kinds, z. B. by brushing, Twisting and the like. Split into fibrous and natural fibers-like structures (cf. e.g. DRP 667.234, 746, 593, 913.574), but such barrel structures are capable Due to the uneven dimensions of the individual fibers, higher demands are placed on further processing no longer sufficient. On the other hand, various methods are also known, according to which flat or longitudinally ribbed film strips oriented by stretching and through Blowing, twisting or slitting in places of the folic membrane connecting the ribs can be broken down into an irregular network of fibrils, but these are divided into more or less spaced apart (cf.e.g. DBP 1. 175,385, presented documents of the engl.

Pat. Note 1,040,663 and EP 1,035,657).

In contrast, the invention # for the production of endlessly oriented Much suggested that the plasticized material should first be used as a single component Transverse extension with alternating forwards and backwards jumps, wave-like and / or zigzag running profiled film web, with parallel in one or more level planes running, linear predetermined breaking areas to define the later capillary separation extruded, drawn out and solidified, and the resulting tapered foil bath then it is so strongly orientated in the longitudinal direction monoaxially that it is scattered that sis without further influence in the predetermined breaking areas continuously into endless single thread structures rips open.

Dan peculiar profile in their transverse extension with reciprocal Projections and recesses, wavy odor / and zigzag running film web is an essential prerequisite for this, that the film web in the course of the pre-sole layers Measures with Safety along the predetermined breaking points in defined endless individual capillaries disassembled. It is therefore important to find a cheap one Profile to choose which by his training the effectiveness of the procedure supports. It is therefore further proposed as particularly suitable for this that the wave-like and / or ziokzag-like overall profile and the area of the cross section of the laid flat polienbahn over whose lunge is constant and of a multitude is formed by individual profiles that lie next to each other across the width of the film and are connected to one another in the predetermined breaking areas. In a preferred embodiment the individual profiles are offset from one another perpendicular to the pollen width.

An essential feature of the invention are those in one or more Level planes of the film web causedp linearly running parallel Predetermined breaking areas where the separation takes place in single threads. The individual profiles, which can lie next to each other in one plane or also perpendicular to the plane of the film can be offset from one another are in these predetermined breaking areas with one another tied together. Bel amount to zigzag running longitudinally profiled film web the angles occurring in the cross section are preferably at least 30 ° each. The linear ones Predetermined breaking areas have a reduced transverse strength compared to the rest of the film web. This reduced transverse strength can be achieved because # the predetermined breaking areas be formed by weakening the pile thickness.

Another feature of the invention is by pulling it out the helSen profiled film web immediately upon or after its exit lengthening and tapering the extrusion nozzle. The measure of rejuvenation depends on the take-off speed, which is higher than the extrusion speed as well as the cooling and solidification conditions of the film web. Ea will That is why it was further suggested that the extrusion nozzle should also be used exiting Film web initially with several times higher than the extrusion speed Take-off speed through a cooling bath and / or via cooling rollers and up to cooled below their solidification temperature and only afterwards at increased Temperature orientated is stretched monoaxially. A water bath can be used as a cooling element or an air bath can be used.

If necessary, the cooling rollers can also serve as take-off rollers.

Another important idea of the invention is that a as intense as possible effect of transverse or. Bending or shear stresses caused by the Foil design specified predetermined breaking areas should take place. To this particular To achieve advantageous, it is further proposed that # the film web when overflowing the rollers initially rests on them alternately with their profile projections and is diverted several times. It can also be advantageous if the film web within the streok field in their walking plane one or more times alternately laterally is distracted.

This snaking movement supports the opening in individual capillaries.

The hot film web emerging from the extrusion nozzle can be known to rejuvenate to a large extent. In a further embodiment of the invention, the film web emerging from the extrusion die before it solidifies and before it the actual orientation serving stretching by more than twice, preferably extended by at least funs to ten times its original length and then in this rejuvenated and solidified state in the streok field under the influence of heat stretched by wonlgstons twice their lunge when entering the streok field will. By combining these two successive measures, A reliable separation into endless individual capillaries is achieved in a particularly simple manner. In this way, winch nue leaves the film web with individual capillaries of low titre, for example from 30 or even fewer heart cells.

Depending on the material used, it may be desirable in individual cases to prevent excessive tapering by pulling out the hot foil web and to be limited by premature cooling and solidification. To this end the running film web pulled from the extrusion nozzle can be replaced by a special Coolant effect to prevent further tapering in its transverse extent solidified before it runs onto the take-off roller, the whole of the nozzle withdraws. Advantageously, one uses here 'tir fine knife-like design Air nozzle through which cooling air or compressed air is applied to the film web transversely to it Running direction is blown out. Such a knife nozzle is also very effective in the case of a chill roll arrangement, use the film web at high take-off speeds feet on the cooling or. Take-off roller pressed and air entrainment between the film web and the roller surface is prevented.

The profiled sheet of film can be any flat or curved sheet Braits or as a plurality of profiled film web strelfen extruded at the same time will. You can do this with Breitachlitz or open or closed rings use one or more mouth pieces that are wavy and / or correspond to zigzag formed film web profile.

A breltoro Follenbahn can also be narrowed before stretching LKngsträger are cut.

The Follenbahn as such can be made of a thermoplastic polymer Material can be extruded, which is ready to be colored to the desired color and / or special effects with metallic additives, for example Aluminum deaf and / or foam-blind additives is provided.

To achieve special optical or mechanical effects the extruded film web of mohroron superimposed layers of different Colors or components or from several adjacent such layers exist, of these over or. adjacent layers can optionally also be foamed one or more.

Special effects can be achieved if the film web or the strip consisting of individual capillaries is provided with surface embossing. The film web, torn into a single thread structure, can optionally be re-drawn and / or be subjected to a fixation.

The proposed measures can be particularly simple and advantageously produce endless threads or strands of threads which have high strength and are particularly suitable for a wide variety of technical Purposes, for example for further processing into ropes, sacks, insulating mats and the like. On the other hand, they are according to the proposed method Manufactured multifilaments very similar in appearance to natural fibers in terms of their use for the purposes mentioned. Opposite randomly or network-like split They also have a significantly increased uniformity in titer and cross section of the individual capillaries. Also the tensile strength and abrasion resistance is like the flexural elasticity is also significantly improved.

The endless multifilaments produced according to the proposed process can also be used for textile purposes. Thus, according to the invention obtained filaments by conventional methods as continuous threads into yarns and others further processing of textile products. The pad tape created from the film can can also be cut or torn into staple fibers in a known manner.

The special advantage of the pre-soled procedure is one in the easy handling of the initially extruded film web, in particular when inserting in and passing through the Streokwerk, and on the other hand in that the multifile obtained from the film web by tearing off the individual capillaries a roughened surface is obtained to a certain extent from the film dressing at the rips and thus have a lower quality overall, i.e. are particularly easy to grip and therefore facilitated on-or. rewind as well as twist and with the later Further processing are non-slip in the thread, rope or fabric structure. as Another advantage of the proposed method is that all types of polymers that can be permanently oriented and for the production of threads and yarns are suitable, can be used, and there is neither a particular purity nor any special treatment of the starting materials is required. Furthermore let the proposed method with the variety of possible areas of application, the film webs and the resulting bands of endless multifilaments to be produced in different thicknesses, widths and with different overall dimensions. For example, it is easily possible by changing the degree of stretching and stretching, the modulus of elasticity (elongation behavior) or the tensile strength within the limits given by the raw material, very evenly on the intended use of the end product. The inclination of the oriented Foil web for tearing open into endless individual capillaries along the predetermined breaking areas largely support by suitable mixing of the polymer base materials by for example a mixture of at least two chemically related or different polymeric substances. They can be used according to the method of the invention Extrude mixtures of polymers that are compatible with each other and when Melting or forming only one phase after solidification. But leave it alone Process a mixture of polymers that have a miscibility gap in the solid or liquid state if the polymer mixtures are generally suitable for film formation.

A is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention Device, which consists essentially of a screw press with slot or Ring nozzle sotie from driven godet sets, winding devices and, if necessary there is heating zones arranged in the streok field and characterized by that the nozzle lips of the extrusion tool are wave-like and / or zigzag-like have running projections and recesses of the same or different shape and each other Opposite to the direction of flow, preferably with alternating split boards. At least one of the DUslips is preferably designed to be adjustable and fixed. The adjustment of the DUsenlippen can be in a vertical and / or aoltllcher direction the extruded film web.

This makes it possible to use foil webs in a particularly simple manner of a different thickness or a modified profile cross-section. It can so with one and the same nozzle, depending on your requirements, the thread is coarser or finer Titers are produced.

Next is between the extrusion tool and that of the orientation the drawing device serving the film web a take-off device for the take-off and the simultaneous rooking of the film web arranged, which in particular in their speed adjustable olngorlchtot and can beetehan from one or more cooling rollers.

In the drawing are an exemplary embodiment of the device for Implementation of the procedure according to the invention, together with details and also hereafter Manufactured intermediate and end products are shown schematically. It shows F sharp. l the overall system for the continuous production of endless multifilaments a thermoplastic polymoren plastic film web with the facilities for Extruding, pulling out and solidifying as well as doraolbon for orienting and dismantling into predetermined, endless individual capillaries determined by the Sollbruohbereiohe and to wind up this multifile in side view, Company 2 the view of the facilities for extruding, drawing out and solidifying a Foil web of larger boards according to section I1-II from Flg. 1, Fig. The same view with a plurality of extruded polypropylene web strips of smaller size, FIG. 4 another device for drawing out and consolidating the film web or strips in side view, Fig. 5 examples of cross sections through the invention # to 11 profiled nozzle lips of a wide-slot nozzle on a representative scale, Fig. 12 multilayer film web cross-sections, and 13 FIG. 14 the tapered cross-section of the drawn-out film web according to Fig. 7 when entering the orientation of the molecular structure serving stretching field, FIG. 15 shows the cross section of the in a Band of ondless Rinzelkapillaren zorlogton film web according to # Fig. 7 and 14 at Leaving the stretching field.

Flg. 1 shows an extrusion system, some of which would be known Components consists of a screw press 1 with a Breltsohlitz nozzle 2 for extruding a polymeric film web 3, one of the Orlontlorung of the molecular Structure of the film web serving 8treok field with the godet brackets 4, 5 and the wooden channel 6 between these and from the winding device 7 * OemKB According to the invention, the extrusion tool has one or more wide slot nozzles 2 of the configuration or arrangement according to the invention. In Figures 5 to 11 are some examples of possible geometrical shapes of the nozzles or the nozzle lips 8 and 9, which face each other with the same or alternating gap width in such a way that because # the resulting extruded roll web corresponds to the respective DUsenspalt, with alternating projections and recesses in a wave-like or / and zigzag fashion Have cross-sectional profiles.

In addition, solder according to the invention is immediately behind in the direction of production the extrusion nozzle or nozzles 2 is a take-off mechanism designed as a cooling roller unit 11 arranged, whose angetrlobeno rollers 12, 13 the extruded film web or the film strips 3 from the DUse 2 with opposite the extrusion speed orh8htor pull-off speed and pull it off before it hits the KUhlwalzon and the resulting cooling and solidification to the predetermined level Measure their elongation and tapering, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate. However, as is shown in FIG. 4, when using a rear the cooling water bath 14 provided for the or the nozzles 2 to this a take-off mechanism 15, 16 assigned and arranged in the bathroom or behind it. Compared to such a XUhlwasserbad is, however, the cooling roller unit shown in Fig. 1 to 3 in In general, preference should be given, as the profiled film web in their front and back For example, recesses from the cooling bath take water with it, which is passed through during the flow-through of the stretching field to the corrosion of the first set of godets and to the formation of steam leads in the heating channel.

The free 8treks, which the film strip or strips after leaving the extrusion nozzle until it hits the first cooling roller to avoid excessive transverse contraction and rejuvenation the track (s) should be as short as possible and, for example, only 100 mm long. If necessary However, the frets route can also be shortened by switching between the Nozzle mouth 2 and the roller 12 in or d next to the path of the film web or strip 3 and transversely to these a knife-like Luftdüae 17 arranged, which Cooling air against the hot web for the purpose of additional cooling and solidification of the same blet.

The tapered film web or strips 3 are from the cooling roller unit 12, 13 over the pulley 18 (Fig. 1) to the first Qalette set 4, whose angetrlebeno Godets rotate at the same circumferential speed as the chill rolls, promoted and from here by the contrast with careful peripheral speed operated second pallet set 5 pulled through the heating channel 6 in a known manner and thereby two-fold orientation of their molecular structure and further rejuvenation stretched. As a peculiar and particularly surprising effect compared to the known Processes tear the profiled film web or strips according to their Orientation when overflowing the last godets of the second pallet set 5 exactly at the predetermined breaking areas in endless defined individual capillaries of greatest evenness. The individual capillaries are completely separated from one another and not connected to each other like a network.

It is also not necessary for the separation by further influences w to cause brushing, twisting and the like or even splitting into individual threads to carry out by means of knife sets.

In particular, it can be useful because # in the streak field a device 19 for one or more lateral deflections is present. The film web then performs an angular motion. The additional Shear forces also act on the predetermined breaking areas and thus promote the flow in single capillaries. To all appearances, they were confused mutual Tensile, bending and compressive forces occurring when the rollers run over oriented profiled film web on the predetermined predetermined target areas.

The predetermined breaking ranges are z. B. in such places where in cross section Changes in direction occur. In the case of the profiles according to FIGS. 5 and 6, this is the case the case forward and backward. Bol other profiles such as corresponding 7 are the predetermined breaking areas at the usual points of the profiled foils. In the case of foils, the sun layers next to each other or on top of each other Materials 20 and 21 are made up, should brewing areas be the best, wherever they are Materials meet.

Claims (24)

Claims 1) Method for producing endless, oriented multifilament threads or strands of threads made of thermoplastic polymeric materials, such as Polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyl chlorides and the like as well as their Copolymers or mixtures of these substances, characterized in that they are plasticized Material as one in its transverse extent with reciprocal projections and recesses corrugated and / or zigzag running longitudinally profiled film web with in one or more level planes parallel lel linear predetermined breaking areas extruded, drawn out and solidified to determine the later capillary separation is, and the resulting tapered film web is then monoaxially in the longitudinal direction is stretched so strongly for orientation that # it is in the predetermined breaking areas without any further influence tears continuously into endless monofilament structures. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave-like or / and zigzag-like overall profile and the height of the cross-section of the laid flat Film web over the length of which is constant and of a large number of individual profiles is formed, which are located next to each other over the width of the film and only in the predetermined breaking areas are connected to each other. 3) Verfahron according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the individual profiles are offset from one another perpendicular to the width of the film. 4) Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that in the case of ziokzaok-like longitudinally profiled film web, the cross-section Any changes in direction of the profile that occur are each at least 30 °. 5) Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the predetermined breaking areas are formed by portions of the film web that are opposite the rest of the film web have a reduced transverse strength. 6) Method according to claim 5, characterized in that # the predetermined breaking areas be formed by weakening the film thickness. Method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the film web emerging from the extrusion nozzle is initially at the same rate as the extrusion speed Several times increased take-off speed by a cooling bar and / or via cooling rollers guided and cooled to below their solidification temperature and then erat is oriented monoaxially stretched at elevated temperature. Method according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The film web as it overflows the Walzon sunchst with their profile protrusions alternately rests against this and is deflected several times. 9) Method according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the running film web enters or runs within the streok field in its running plane is deflected laterally alternately several times. 10) Method according to claims 1 to 9, characterized by that the film web emerging from the extrusion nozzle changes before it solidifies more than doubles, preferably at least five to ten times theirs Original length extended and then rejuvenated and solidified in this Condition in the stretched field under the influence of heat by at least twice its length is stretched when entering the stretching field. 11) Verfahron according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that because the film web emerging from the extrusion nozzle before it is received on the Take-off roller or, if necessary, an additional one before it enters the cooling bath Is subjected to the action of coolant. 12) method naoh the Anaprüohen 1 to 11, characterized in, that the profiled film web is extruded as a flat or curved web. 13) Process according to the contact tests 1 to 12, characterized by that a plurality of profiled film webs are extruded at the same time. 14) Method according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that because the film web is cut into long strips before stretching. 15) Method according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that da0 dam plaatierter material colored and / or with metallic and / or foam-forming Additions is provided. 16) Method according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that that more or more different colored thermoplastic polymer materials may be used superimposed layers are extruded to a polienbahn. 17) Method according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that there are several thermoplastic polymeric substances in different colors adjacent layers are extruded to form a film web. 18) Method according to claims 16 and 17, characterized in that that one or more of the extruded layers are foamed. 19) Method according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that da # the film web or the strip consisting of individual capillaries with surface embossing is given away. 20) Verfahron aaoh claims 1 to 19, characterized in that dsH the film web torn open in a single thread structure of a post-stretching and / or is subjected to a fixation. 21) Device for performing the method according to the claims 1 to 20, which essentially consist of a screw press with a Breitsohlitz-odor ring nozzle sotie from driven godet sets, winding devices and possibly there is heating zones arranged in the steak field, characterized in that the nozzle lips (8, 9) of the extrusion tool (Fig. 5-11) wave-like odor / and zigzag-like Projections and jumps of the skirt have the same or different shape and are transverse to the FlieBriohtung preferably opposed with changing gap width. 22) Device according to claim 21, characterized in that at least one of the nozzle lips is set up adjustable and lockable. 23) Device according to claims 21 and 22, characterized in that that between the extrusion tool (2) and the Streokfeld (4,5, 6) an additional Pull-off device (11 resp. 15, 16) is arranged. 24) Device according to claim 23, characterized in that the dan additional trigger device adjustable in their speed set up plumb and optionally consists of one or more cooling rollers (12, 13).