DE10323491B4 - Method for diagnosing at least one actuator with a capacitive element or its control - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for diagnosing at least one actuator (16) comprising a capacitive element (26), in particular a fuel injection device (14) of an internal combustion engine (10), or of components (24) connected to it, in which the capacitance (C) of the capacitive Elements (26) determined and this is used to assess the state of the actuator (16) or a component (24) connected to it, characterized in that a plurality of actuators (16) with capacitive elements (26) with approximately same nominal capacity or their associated components (24) is diagnosed by the fact that the determined capacities (C) are compared with each other, and that the capacitive elements (26) sorted according to the size of the determined capacity (C) and from the successive Capacities (C) quotients (Q) are formed, and that when a quotient (Q) differs from the value one or a tolerance range around the value one, au f a short circuit of at least one actuator (16) or a component (24) connected to it is closed.

Description

The invention firstly relates to a method for diagnosing at least one actuator comprising a capacitive element, in particular a fuel injection device of an internal combustion engine, or of components connected to it, in which the capacitance of the capacitive element is determined and used to determine the state of the actuator or to assess a component associated with it.

The invention further relates to a method for diagnosing at least one actuator comprising a capacitive element, in particular a fuel injection device of an internal combustion engine, or its control, in which the capacitive element to be charged is selected by means of a selection switch in which the charging process is switched by a charging switch , and in which a voltage across a parallel to the capacitive element and the selection switch connected resistor can be detected.

The present invention also relates to a computer program, an electrical storage medium for a control and / or regulating device of an internal combustion engine, a control and / or regulating device for an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine.

State of the art

The above-mentioned methods are known from EP 1 138 907 A1 known. There, it is described that the voltage with which a capacitive element of a piezoelectric actuator is charged or discharged is measured, and from this the capacitance of the capacitive element is determined. By means of this measured capacitance can now be concluded whether there is a short circuit in the investigated piezoelectric actuator. For this purpose the measured capacities are compared.

Such piezoelectric actuators are used in fuel injection devices of internal combustion engines, in particular in those with direct fuel injection. In such fuel injection devices is moved by a change in length of the piezoelectric actuator, a valve element of the fuel injection device from an open to a closed position and vice versa. However, if it comes in a supply line to a piezoelectric actuator or in the piezoelectric actuator itself or in a control unit which controls the piezoelectric actuator, to a short circuit, proper control of the piezoelectric actuator is no longer possible. In addition, it is also possible that in this way a plurality of piezoelectric actuators is impaired in their function. In the best case, this can lead to loss of comfort, in a worse case to a deterioration in the fuel consumption and the emission behavior of the internal combustion engine, and in extreme cases to a risk to the user of the internal combustion engine.

task

The present invention therefore has the task to improve the aforementioned method so that a short circuit of the piezoelectric actuator or the components driving it or connected to it can be detected easily and quickly.

This object is achieved in the method mentioned at the outset as the first in that a plurality of actuators with capacitive elements having approximately the same rated capacity or their associated components are diagnosed by comparing the determined capacitances with each other, and that the capacitive elements are after the magnitude of the determined capacitance are sorted and quotients are formed from the successive capacitances, and that when a quotient differs from the value 1 or a tolerance range lying by the value 1, a short circuit of at least one actuator or its actuation is concluded.

In the method mentioned at the outset as the second, the object is achieved in that when the selector switch is open, the charging switch is closed and after a certain period of time after closing the charging switch, the voltage is detected, and if the detected voltage is less than or equal to at least one Limit is to close a short circuit in the current path in front of or behind the capacitive element.

Alternatively, it is also possible in the method mentioned at the outset as the second case, that when the selector switch is open, the period of time after closing the charging switch which is required to reach a certain voltage is detected and if the detected period is greater than or is equal to at least one limit, is closed to a short circuit in the current path in front of or behind the capacitive element.

Advantages of the invention

The basis of the former method is the assumption that, for example, fuel injectors of internal combustion engines usually piezo actuators of the same nominal capacity are used in all fuel injectors. If it is determined by means of the method according to the invention that the determined capacitance of one or more capacitive elements of If piezoelectric actuators deviate significantly from other determined capacitances, this is a sure indication of the existence of a problem, in particular a short circuit. This method is programmatically easy to implement and requires very little computing power.

In this case, the method according to the invention can be carried out without the nominal capacitance of the capacitive elements of the piezo actuators being known. This facilitates the use of the method according to the invention, since neither a corresponding memory for the storage of the nominal capacities must be provided, nor is the transmission of the actual nominal capacities in this memory required. Ultimately, therefore, the method according to the invention offers an inexpensive possibility for the diagnosis of piezo actuators and their drive components.

In particular, two types of short circuits can be easily diagnosed with the method according to the invention: on the one hand a short circuit in the area of the control lines between the control unit and the piezoelectric actuator, and on the other hand a short circuit through which a selection switch with which a specific piezoelectric actuator is selected is bridged , In both cases, at least two capacitive elements of piezo actuators are automatically charged during a charging process. As a result, the determined capacitance, for example in the case of two short-circuited piezoactuators, is twice as large as the capacity of the individual piezoactuators. This can be easily recognized thanks to the method according to the invention.

The two second-mentioned method allow detection of short circuits of the terminals of a capacitive element of a piezoelectric actuator with either ground or with the power supply, and also independently of the knowledge of the nominal capacity of the capacitive element of the piezoelectric actuator. This method can thus be implemented comparatively inexpensive. The solution according to the invention is based on the consideration that, when the piezoelectric actuator is operating correctly, the measured voltage rises when the charging switch is closed in a predictable manner, for example immediately or according to an e-function, to the maximum possible value. If this voltage is not reached, at least within a certain, very short time window after closing the charging switch, it can be assumed that at least one of the terminals of the capacitive element is short-circuited either to ground or to a supply device (battery, buffer capacitor).

Advantageous developments of the solutions according to the invention are specified in subclaims.

Specifically, the first-mentioned method can be realized by sorting the actuators in descending order of the ascertained capacities, assigning the respective quotient to the second actuator of an actuator pair used to form the quotient, the capacity of the first actuator of an actuator pair used in the quotient in the counter is the quotient and is closed at all actuators, which are at the beginning of the descending order in front of that actor whose quotient is 1 or the tolerance range lying by 1, on a short circuit of the actuator or its supply line. In principle, however, another type of sorting, for example in ascending order, a different assignment of the quotient, a different assignment of the capacity of the first actuator within the quotient and a correspondingly different diagnostic criterion is possible. All such methods are characterized by the fact that they can be easily implemented and can be easily applied due to the low computational and storage space requirements even with existing control and regulating devices.

It is also possible that the actuators are sorted in descending order of the ascertained capacities, the respective quotient is assigned to the second actuator of an actuator used to form the quotient, the capacity of the first actuator of an actuator used to form the quotient is in the numerator of the quotient and at all actuators, which are at the end of the descending order and whose quotient differ from 1 or the tolerance range lying by 1, is closed to a short circuit of a switch switching the capacitive element. With the aid of the method according to the invention, it is thus possible to distinguish between different causes of short circuits.

It is particularly advantageous if, in the context of a probability analysis, the type of short circuit is deduced from the number of actuators in which a short circuit has been detected. Theoretically, it is conceivable that the method described above, which has led to the result that there is a short circuit of a switch switching the capacitive element, is also interpreted to mean that there is a short circuit in all the other actuators themselves or their supply line. However, in most cases, it is more likely to be considered that a short circuit occurs only with individual actuators, leads or switches.

In the case of the two second-mentioned methods, a particularly preferred embodiment consists in that a plurality of limit values are provided and it is concluded from the achievement or undershooting of at least one specific limit value on the type of short-circuiting. In particular, when a longer period of time is waited for certain types of short circuits typical voltage values arise (the reference can also be made to a capacity, then give typical capacitance values). With the method according to the invention, therefore, a detailed diagnosis is possible, which allows a quick troubleshooting.

A refinement which can be used in all the methods according to the invention provides that when the at least one piezoelectric actuator is used in a fuel injection device of an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine is forcibly shut down in the event of a known short circuit. As a result, damage to the internal combustion engine can be avoided, which can occur in incorrectly operating fuel injection device.

In a computer program of the type mentioned, the object is achieved in that it is programmed for use in a method of the above type. Analogously, the object is achieved in an electrical storage medium in that a computer program for use in a method of the above type is stored on it. In a control and / or regulating device for an internal combustion engine, the object is achieved in that it is programmed for use in a method of the above type. In an internal combustion engine is provided that the control and / or regulating device is programmed for use in a method according to the above type.

embodiment

drawings

Hereinafter, particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawing show:

1 a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with fuel injection devices, each comprising a piezoelectric actuator;

2 an electrical circuit diagram of essential components of the control circuit of the piezoelectric actuators of 1 with a first type of short circuit;

3 a table which can be used to explain a method for diagnosing the in 2 shown short circuit is used;

4 a representation similar 2 with a second type of short circuit;

5 a table similar 3 for explaining a method for diagnosing the in 4 shown short circuit is used;

6 a simplified electrical circuit diagram of an alternative control of the piezoelectric actuators of 1 ; and

7 a diagram in which a measured voltage is plotted against time and which for explaining a method for detecting a short circuit to a piezoelectric actuator of the circuit of 6 serves.

Description of the embodiments

In 1 an internal combustion engine carries the reference numeral 10 , It includes several combustion chambers 12 Into the fuel of fuel injectors 14 injected directly. Overall, in the present embodiment, six combustion chambers 12 present, of which, however, only three are drawn with the codes a, b, and c. The corresponding fuel injectors 14a to 14c include piezo actuators 16a to 16c , with which in each case a valve element (not shown) of the fuel injection devices 14 can be operated.

The fuel injectors 14 be from a fuel rail 18 ("Rail") supplied with high pressure fuel. The fuel manifold 18 in turn, is powered by a high-pressure fuel supply 20 fed. The piezo actuators 16 be from a control and regulating device 22 over a wiring harness 24 controlled or regulated. A corresponding circuit is in 2 below, reference being made only to those components which are particularly relevant for the understanding of the method described below: The six piezoelectric actuators 16a to 16f are in 2 indicated by dash-dotted lines and in each case in groups of three to benches 25a and 25b orderly. They each comprise a capacitive element 26a to 26f and a parallel to these connected bleeder 28a (For clarity, the other bleeder resistors are not provided with reference numerals). The nominal capacities of the elements 26a to 26f are all the same size and in the present case are 5 μF.

Via a common connection point 30 are each three piezo actuators 16a to 16c respectively. 16d to 16f with a bank selection switch 32 respectively. 38 and parallel freewheeling diodes for this purpose 31 connected. The bank selector switch 32 and 38 lead via a charging switch 33 to a common. buffer capacitor 34 , a discharge switch 35 and a common power supply 36 , The power supply 36 electrically facing side of the piezoelectric actuators 16 is also called a "high side".

Every piezoactuator 16a to 16f is a selector switch 40a to 40f assigned by the actuation of a specific piezoelectric actuator 16a to 16f with mass 42 can be connected. The from the piezoelectric actuator 16 seen from the mass 42 facing portion of the circuit is also referred to as "low side". The circuit also includes one bank each 25a respectively. 25b associated voltage divider 44a respectively. 44b with two resistors 46 and 48 , between which at a connection point 50 the at the via the selector switch 40 selected piezoelectric actuator 16 applied voltage can be detected (only the components of the voltage divider 44a are provided here with reference numerals). This is the connection point 50 via a measuring line 52 (shown in dashed lines) with the control and regulating device 22 connected. By means of a shunt 54 the current can be measured. A corresponding measuring line carries the reference numeral 56 ,

In normal operation, a piezoelectric actuator 16a to 16f by closing the corresponding selector switch 40a to 40f selected and by closing the charging switch 33 with the buffer capacitor 34 or the power supply 36 connected. Closing the charging switch 33 takes place clocked. The timing is such that a desired voltage gradient and a desired maximum voltage at the selected piezoelectric actuator 16 be achieved.

While charging, the corresponding bank selector switch is on 32 open. The charging current flows through the freewheeling diode 31 , For unloading the charging switch 33 opened and the discharge switch 35 closed. Likewise, the bank selector switch 32 or the bank selector switch 38 closed, depending on which bank a piezoelectric actuator 16 should be unloaded.

During charging of a piezoelectric actuator, among other things, the charge applied to the piezoelectric actuator as well as the piezoelectric actuator on the piezoelectric actuator 16 Pending voltage difference, for example at the connection point 50 , measured. For every piezoelectric actuator 16 becomes the capacitance of the capacitive element 26 calculated from the measured quantities.

In operation of the internal combustion engine 10 For example, it may be due to material fatigue or frayed insulation inside the wiring harness 24 to a short circuit between the connection lines of two piezo actuators 16 come. Such a short circuit is in 2 through a connection 58 for the actors 16a and 16b indicated. Will now be for a charge, for example, the piezoelectric actuator 16a by closing the corresponding selector switch 40a selected and the charging switch 33 closed, not only the piezoelectric actuator 16a , but also the piezoelectric actuator 16b charged because of the short-circuit connection 58 its selector switch 40b is bridged. With constant current clocking the charging takes twice as much time, since twice as much charge must be applied to reach the target voltage. The calculation of the capacity of the capacitive element 26a of the piezo actuator 16a So also takes into account the capacitance of the capacitive element 26b of the piezo actuator 16b ,

Since, as has been explained, the nominal capacitances of the capacitive elements 26 all are equal, this leads in the case of short-circuit connection 58 to a measured or calculated capacity, which is twice as large (10 μF) as the nominal capacitance (5 μF) of the individual capacitive elements 26a to 26f , In the context of a diagnostic procedure, such a short-circuit connection 58 to be able to recognize, as from the table in 3 it can be seen, the capacitive elements 26 sorted according to the size of the determined capacity. It was for the two short-circuited piezo actuators 16a and 16b or their capacitive elements 26a and 26b each determined a capacitance of 10 uF, whereas for the other capacitive elements 26c - 26f a capacity of 5 μF was determined.

From two successive capacities, quotients Q are now formed, which in each case belong to the second piezoelectric actuator 16 is assigned to an Aktorpaares used to form the quotient Q. Here, the capacity C of the first piezoelectric actuator stands 16 an actuator used to form the quotient Q in the numerator of the quotient Q. It can be seen that the quotient Q for the capacitive elements 26b . 26d . 26e and 26f has the value 1, whereas he has the capacitive element 26c has the value 2.

In front of the capacitive element 26c , whose quotient Q has the value 2, are the capacitive elements at the beginning of the descending order 26a and 26b , These are the capacitive elements 26a and 26b those two piezo actuators 16a and 16b caused by the short-circuit connection 58 shorted to each other. With the help of in 3 shown table, which in the form a computer program in the control unit 22 created and evaluated, so can the two short-circuited piezo actuators 16a and 16b be readily identified.

In 4 is another variant of a short circuit 58 The following are not the connection cables between two piezo actuators 16 shorted, but the piezoelectric actuator 16b assigned selector switch 40b is caused by a short circuit 58 bridged. As a result, the capacitive element 26b of the piezo actuator 16b every time you charge - even if it is a different piezoelectric actuator 16 should be loaded - is loaded. Applying the diagnostic procedure given above yields this for the piezoactuators 16a such as 16c - 16e a calculated capacitance of 10 μF, which is twice the actual nominal capacitance of 5 μF of the corresponding capacitive elements 26a respectively. 26c - 26f ,

Only if, in fact, only the piezoelectric actuator 16b is to be loaded, for this a capacity of 5 [mu] F, determined according to the nominal capacity. In this case, therefore, give the quotients Q of all actuators 16a . 16c . 16d . 16e and 16f the value 1, whereas the quotient Q of the piezoelectric actuator 16b gives the value 2. Since its determined capacity is smaller than the capacity of all other piezo actuators 16 , is the piezoelectric actuator 16b in the sorting of 5 at the end of the table. One can therefore assume that in such actuators 16 which are at the end of the descending order and whose quotient Q is different from 1, a short-circuit connection 58 of the capacitive element 26 switching switch 40 is present.

However, when it comes to that 3 explained evaluation and diagnostic procedures on the table of 5 would apply, one would come to the conclusion that the five piezo actuators 16a . 1c . 16d . 16e and 16f have a short circuit in the area of their supply lines. That such a short circuit, however, in the supply lines of five piezo actuators 16 occurs at the same time is less likely. Therefore, this short-circuit cause is used in a probability analysis in the evaluation of the table of 5 locked out.

In 6 is yet another circuit for controlling the piezo actuators 16 shown. In this case, such elements and areas, which have equivalent functions to elements and areas of in 2 shown circuit, the same reference numerals. They are not explained again in detail.

At the in 6 The circuit shown comprises a bank 25a respectively 25b only two piezo actuators each 16 (for clarity, only the components of the bank 25a provided with reference numerals). Every bank 25 has its own charging switch 33a respectively 33b and its own discharge switch 35a respectively 35b , A coil 37 is with the power supply 36 connected. At this is a comparatively high voltage U _act , which is obtained by means of a suitable method from a battery voltage U _Bat provided by a battery, not shown. The capacitive elements 26 are about connection points 60 and 62 integrated into the circuit.

The following explains a procedure with shorting the connection points 60 respectively 62 can be detected with ground or with the battery. The method described is preferably before each charging of a piezoelectric actuator 15 carried out. The method becomes exemplary for the piezoelectric actuator 16a explains:
Prerequisite for the implementation of the procedure is that all selector switches 40a and 40b are open. Now the charging switch 33a closed. If there is no short circuit, it is on the measuring line 52a comparatively quickly the full voltage U _ok (cf. 7 ), which of the voltage U _Akt taking into account the divider ratio of the voltage divider 44a equivalent. The time of closing the charging switch 33a is in 7 denoted by t _s .

Now in a first case it is assumed that the connection point 60a of the capacitive element 26a shorted to ground. In this case, when the selection switches are open 40 and closed charging switch 33a on the measuring line 52a the voltage 0 measured. The corresponding curve is in 7 designated U _60M . Is the connection point 60a of the capacitive element 26a however, short-circuited to the battery, then you get at the connection point 50 after closing the charging switch 33a a voltage U _60Bat , which is the battery voltage U _Bat taking into account the divider ratio of the voltage divider 44 equivalent. Since the battery voltage U _Bat is much smaller than the actuator voltage U _Akt , is also in this case at the connection point 50a measured voltage U _60Bat lower than the voltage U _ok , which without any short circuit at the point 50a had been measured.

Now the case is considered that the connection point 62a of the capacitive element 26a shorted to ground. In this case, starting from the closing of the charging switch 33 (Time t _s ) the capacitive element 26a loaded, with the actuator voltage U _Akt . This results at the connection point 50a taking into account the divider ratio of the voltage divider 44 a usual with a capacitive element, an e-function corresponding voltage curve U _62Mas . Is the connection point 62a with the power supply 36 shorted, becomes the capacitive element 26a not loaded with the full actuator voltage U _Akt , but with the difference of the actuator voltage U _Akt and the battery voltage U _Bat , according to the curve U _62Bat in 7 ,

How out 7 is apparent, after a period t _lim after the closing time t _{s of} the charging switch 33a the voltage U at the connection point 50a measured and compared with a limit U _lim . The time period t _lim and the limit value U _lim are chosen so that, if that at the connection point 50a detected voltage is greater than the limit U _lim , in any case, no short circuit on the piezoelectric actuator 26a may be present. Or, in other words, the limit U _lim is chosen so that after a period t _lim this limit can be exceeded even under the circumstances described above under no circumstances. It is understood that the limit value U _{lim is} in any case smaller than that with correct function at the connection point 50a measured voltage U _ok .

It is also possible that several limit values U _lim1 , U _lim2 , U _lim3 , U _lim4 are set, and that depending on which limit of that at the connection point 50a measured voltage U is just below, on the type of short circuit at the terminal 60a or at the connection 62a of the capacitive element 26a is closed. In order to facilitate the evaluation, the voltage measurement can be made at a later time t _lim1 than t _lim to identify the type of short circuit, since then, as well as very good 7 it can be seen that in the different cases at the connection point 50a clearly distinguish between applied voltages U.

If a short circuit occurs on a piezoelectric actuator using one of the methods described above 16 or in the area of the supply line 24 has been recognized, the internal combustion engine 10 from the control and regulating device 22 brought into a safety state, which usually means that the internal combustion engine 10 is switched off. As a result, damage from the internal combustion engine 10 kept away.

Claims (12)

Method for the diagnosis of at least one capacitive element ( 26 ) comprehensive actor ( 16 ), in particular a fuel injection device ( 14 ) an internal combustion engine ( 10 ), or components connected to it ( 24 ), in which the capacitance (C) of the capacitive element ( 26 ) and this is used to determine the state of the actuator ( 16 ) or a component connected to it ( 24 ), characterized in that a plurality of actuators ( 16 ) with capacitive elements ( 26 ) with approximately the same nominal capacity or their associated components ( 24 ) or that the determined capacitances (C) are compared with each other, and that the capacitive elements ( 26 ) are sorted according to the size of the ascertained capacitance (C) and from the successive capacities (C) quotients (Q) are formed, and in that when a quotient (Q) differs from the value one or a tolerance range lying by one, to a short circuit of at least one actuator ( 16 ) or a component connected to it ( 24 ) is closed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuators ( 16 ) in descending order of the ascertained capacities (C), the respective quotient (Q) the second actuator ( 16 ) is assigned to an Aktorpaares used to form the quotient (Q), the capacity (C) of the first actuator ( 16 ) of an Aktorpaares used to form the quotient (Q) is in the numerator of the quotient (Q), and in all actuators ( 16a . 16b ), which at the beginning of the descending order before that actor ( 16c ), whose quotient (Q) differs from one or the tolerance range lying by one, to a short circuit of the actuator or its supply line ( 24 ) is closed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuators ( 16 ) in descending order of the ascertained capacities (C), the respective quotient (Q) the second actuator ( 16 ) is assigned to an Aktorpaares used to form the quotient (Q), the capacity (C) of the first actuator ( 16 ) of an Aktorpaares used to form the quotient (Q) is in the numerator of the quotient (Q), and in all actuators ( 16b ), which are at the end of the descending order and whose quotient (Q) differs from one or the tolerance range lying by one, to a short circuit of the capacitive element ( 16b ) switching switch ( 40b ) is closed. Method according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that in the context of a probability analysis from the number of actuators ( 16 ), in which a short circuit was detected, the type of short circuit is concluded. Method for the diagnosis of at least one capacitive element ( 26a ) comprehensive actor ( 16a ), in particular a fuel injection device ( 14 ) an internal combustion engine ( 10 ), or its control, in which the capacitive element to be charged ( 26a ) by means of a selection switch ( 40a ), in which the charging process by a charging switch ( 33a ), and at a voltage (U ₅₀ ) via a parallel to the capacitive element ( 26a ) and the selector switch ( 40a ) switched resistor ( 46a . 48a ), characterized in that when the selection switch is open ( 40a ) the charging switch ( 33a ) and after a certain period of time (t _lim ) after closing the charging switch ( 33a ), the voltage (U ₅₀ ) is detected, and that when the detected voltage (U ₅₀ ) is less than or equal to at least one limit value (U _lim ), a short circuit in the current path ( 60a . 62a ) in front of or behind the capacitive element ( 26a ) is closed. Method for the diagnosis of at least one capacitive element ( 26a ) comprehensive actor ( 16a ), in particular a fuel injection device ( 14 ) an internal combustion engine ( 10 ), or its control, in which the capacitive element to be charged ( 26a ) by means of a selection switch ( 40a ), in which the charging process by a charging switch ( 33a ) is switched, and in which a voltage (U ₅₀ ) via a parallel to the capacitive element ( 26a ) and the selector switch ( 40a ) switched resistor ( 46a . 48a ), characterized in that when the selection switch is open ( 40a ) the period of time after the closing of the charging switch is detected, which is required to reach a certain voltage, and in that when the detected period is greater than or equal to at least a limit, to a short circuit in the current path before or after the capacitive Element is closed. Method according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that a plurality of limit values (U _lim1 , U _lim2 , U _lim3 U _lim4 ) are provided and from reaching or _{falling below} at least one specific limit value (U _lim1 , U _lim2 , U _lim3 , U _lim4 ) is closed on the type of short circuit. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the at least one piezoelectric actuator ( 16 ) in a fuel injection device ( 14 ) an internal combustion engine ( 10 ) is used, in a detected short circuit, the internal combustion engine ( 10 ) is forcibly shut down. Computer program, characterized in that it is programmed for use in a method according to one of the preceding claims. Electrical storage medium for a control and / or regulating device ( 22 ) an internal combustion engine ( 10 ), characterized in that on it a computer program for use in a method of claims 1 to 8 is stored. Control and / or regulating device ( 22 ) for an internal combustion engine ( 10 ), characterized in that it is programmed for use in a method according to one of claims 1 to 8. Internal combustion engine ( 10 ), in particular for a motor vehicle, with a control and / or regulating device ( 22 ) programmed for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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