DE10303867A1 - Internal combustion engine with fuel cell system, especially for motor vehicle, uses same compressor to compress supercharging air for engine and to supply air to fuel cell system - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine with fuel cell system, especially for motor vehicle, uses same compressor to compress supercharging air for engine and to supply air to fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
DE10303867A1
DE10303867A1 DE10303867A DE10303867A DE10303867A1 DE 10303867 A1 DE10303867 A1 DE 10303867A1 DE 10303867 A DE10303867 A DE 10303867A DE 10303867 A DE10303867 A DE 10303867A DE 10303867 A1 DE10303867 A1 DE 10303867A1
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Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
fuel cell
cell system
compressor
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DE10303867A
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German (de)
Inventor
Franz-Josef Dr. Wetzel
Joachim Tachtler
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Priority to DE10303867A priority Critical patent/DE10303867A1/en
Publication of DE10303867A1 publication Critical patent/DE10303867A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/005—Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
    • F02B33/34—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The internal combustion engine (2) has a fuel cell system (1) supplied with pre-compressed air (6) and a compressor (4) for pre-compressing supercharging air (7) for the internal combustion engine. The same compressor is used to compress the supercharging air and for supplying air to the fuel cell system. The compressor is driven by the internal combustion engine output. An independent claim is also included for the following: (a) a method of supplying an internal combustion engine with supercharging air.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein System aus Brennkraftmaschine und Brennstoffzelle gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a system from internal combustion engine and fuel cell according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Es sind bereits Kraftfahrzeuge bekannt, bei denen einerseits eine Brennkraftmaschine und andererseits zusätzlich eine Brennstoffzelle vorgesehen sind, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere zur Fortbewegung des Fahrzeugs dient und die Brennstoffzelle u. a. zur Stromerzeugung für die elektrischen Aggregate vorgesehen ist.Motor vehicles are already known where on the one hand an internal combustion engine and on the other hand an additional one Fuel cell are provided, the internal combustion engine in particular for Locomotion of the vehicle is used and the fuel cell u. a. to Power generation for the electrical aggregates is provided.

Außerdem beschreibt die DE 199 13 795 C1 eine Vorrichtung mit einem Brennstoffzellensystem und mit einer Brennkraftmaschine, bei der die beiden Aggregate mehrere Bauteile gemeinsam nutzen, und zwar Wärmetauscher, Abgasanlage, Kraftstoffpumpe und Luftfilter.The also describes DE 199 13 795 C1 a device with a fuel cell system and with an internal combustion engine, in which the two units share several components, namely heat exchanger, exhaust system, fuel pump and air filter.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein solches System aus Brennkraftmaschine und Brennstoffzelle so weiterzubilden, dass weitere Synergieeffekte zwischen den Aggregaten genutzt werden können, die sich so ergänzen sollen, dass für das Gesamtsystem ein einfacherer Systemaufbau entsteht oder sich geringere Kosten ergeben.Object of the present invention is such a system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell so that further synergy effects between the aggregates can be used that complement each other are supposed to do that for the overall system creates a simpler system structure or itself result in lower costs.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung beschreiben die abhängigen Ansprüche.This task is claimed by the 1 specified features solved. Further developments of the invention describe the dependent claims.

Nach der Erfindung ist eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Brennstoffzellensystem, das mit Luft versorgt wird und mit einem Verdichter zur Vorverdichtung von Ladeluft für die Brennkraftmaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Verdichtung der Ladeluft und zur Luftversorgung des Brennstoffzellensystems derselbe Verdichter verwendet wird.According to the invention is an internal combustion engine, especially for a motor vehicle with a fuel cell system running on air is supplied and with a compressor for pre-compressing charge air for the Internal combustion engine, characterized in that for compression the charge air and the air supply to the fuel cell system the same compressor is used.

Das hat den Vorteil, dass die Luftversorgung der Brennstoffzellen nicht mittels eines elektrisch betriebenen Kompressors erfolgen muss. Dieser kann entfallen, was den Wirkungsgrad des Brennstoffzellensystems stark verbessert, da die elektrische Antriebsleistung des Kompressors der durch die Brennstoffzellen produzierten elektrischen Energie entnommen wird und damit dem eigentlichen Verwendungszweck für das Bordnetz des Kraftfahrzeugs nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht. Ein solcher elektrischer Luftverdichter benötigt bis zu 25% der gerade durch das Brennstoffzellensystem erzeugten elektrischen Energie. Wird dieser durch eine sowieso zum Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine vorhandene Einrichtung ersetzt, kann der Wirkungsgrad des Gesamtsystems verbessert werden und das Brennstoffzellensystem kann noch mehr zur Verringerung des Norm- und des Praxisverbrauchs des Kraftfahrzeugs beitragen.This has the advantage that the air supply to the Fuel cells not using an electrically operated compressor must be done. This can be omitted, which reduces the efficiency of the fuel cell system greatly improved because of the electric drive power of the compressor of the electrical energy produced by the fuel cells is removed and thus the actual use for the electrical system of the motor vehicle is no longer available. Such an electrical Air compressor needed up to 25% of those currently generated by the fuel cell system electrical energy. If this becomes an operation anyway the existing device replaced the engine, the Efficiency of the overall system can be improved and the fuel cell system can do even more to reduce standard and practice consumption of the motor vehicle contribute.

Außerdem wird ein weiteres Bauteil gemeinsam von Brennkraftmaschine und Brennstoffzellensystem genutzt, was Kosten senkt und den Systemaufbau aus beiden Aggregaten vereinfacht.In addition, another component shared between internal combustion engine and fuel cell system, which lowers costs and simplifies the system structure from both units.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter ein von Abgasen der Brennkraftmaschine angetriebener Turbolader oder ein von einem Abtrieb der Brennkraftmaschine angetriebener Kompressor ist.Preferred embodiments of the invention are characterized in that the compressor is one of exhaust gases the internal combustion engine driven turbocharger or one of one Output of the internal combustion engine is driven compressor.

Es ist aus Sicht des Energiebedarfs, der gravimetrischen und der volumetrischen Leistungsdichte des Brennstoffzellensystems vorteilhaft, für die Verdichtung der von den Brennstoffzellen benötigten Luft anderweitig nicht mehr nutzbare Energie des Antriebsstranges zu verwenden. Anergie wird so durch den vom Abgasturbolader angetriebenen Verdichter zu Exergie. Eine solche Luftversorgung des Brennstoffzellensystems hat weiterhin den Vorteil, dass, für mit Benzin, Diesel oder Wasserstoff betriebene Brennkraftmaschinen ein Gleichteile-Konzept der Brennstoffzellenluftversorgung möglich ist. Im Fall der Verwendung eines von der Brennkraftmaschine angetriebenen Kompressors ist der energetische Vorteil um dessen Primärenergiebedarf geringer: Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Luftversorgung des Brennstoffzellensystems ein zusätzlicher, elektrisch angetriebener Verdichter verwendet wird.It’s from an energy perspective, the gravimetric and volumetric power density of the fuel cell system advantageous for otherwise does not compress the air required by the fuel cells to use more usable energy of the drive train. anergy becomes so by the compressor driven by the exhaust gas turbocharger Exergy. Such an air supply to the fuel cell system has the advantage that for petrol, diesel or hydrogen operated internal combustion engines a common parts concept of the fuel cell air supply possible is. In the case of using an engine driven Compressor is the energetic advantage in terms of its primary energy requirement less: Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that for the air supply to the fuel cell system an additional, electrically driven compressor is used.

Dieser kann dann wesentlich kleiner dimensioniert werden als ein elektrisch angetriebener, der, entsprechend des Stands der Technik, als einziger Verdichter die Luftversorgung des Brennstoffzellensystems sicherstellt. Die Verwendung eines zusätzlichen elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichters hat den Vorteil, dass bei nicht in Betrieb befindlicher Brennkraftmaschine vom Brennstoffzellensystem ebenfalls elektrische Energie bereitgestellt werden kann. Da bei Fahrzeugstillstand mit abgeschalteter Brennkraftmaschine gewöhnlich auch nur geringere elektrische Leistung benötigt wird, kann der zusätzliche Verdichter wie gesagt kleiner dimensioniert werden, was wiederum zu weniger Energieverbrauch für dessen Betrieb führt.This can then be much smaller be dimensioned as an electrically powered, which, accordingly state of the art, as the only compressor the air supply of the fuel cell system. The use of an additional electrically driven compressor has the advantage that when not internal combustion engine in operation from the fuel cell system electrical energy can also be provided. There with Vehicle standstill with the engine switched off usually also only lower electrical power is required, the additional As I said, compressors can be made smaller, which in turn to less energy consumption for whose operation leads.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter für die Ladeluft der Brennkraftmaschine einen elektrischen Hilfsantrieb besitzt. Dieser kann dann auch den zusätzlichen Verdichter ersetzten. Bei Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine wird dann zum Beispiel der Turbolader, angetrieben durch den elektrischen Hilfsantrieb, als zusätzlicher elektrisch angetriebener Verdichter verwendet. Dadurch erhält das Brennstoffzellensystem bei Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine sein volles Leistungspotential. Außerdem kann bei mit niedriger Drehzahl in Betrieb befindlicher Brennkraftmaschine der elektrische Hilfsantrieb für den Ladeluftverdichter als Booster zur Steigerung des Ladeluftdrucks betrieben werden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the compressor for the charge air of the internal combustion engine has an electrical auxiliary drive. This can then also replace the additional compressor. When the internal combustion engine is at a standstill, for example, the turbocharger, driven by the electrical auxiliary drive, is then used as an additional electrically driven compressor. This gives the fuel cell system its full performance potential when the engine is at a standstill. In addition, when the internal combustion engine is in operation at low speed, the electrical auxiliary drive for the charge air compressor can be operated as a booster to increase the charge air pressure.

Ein bevorzugtes Verfahren nach der Erfindung zur Versorgung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Ladeluft und eines Brennstoffzellensystems mit vorverdichteter Luft, wo bei ein Verdichter die Ladeluft für die Brennkraftmaschine vorverdichtet, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter auch die Versorgungsluft des Brennstoffzellensystems vorverdichtet.A preferred method after Invention for supplying an internal combustion engine with charge air and a fuel cell system with pre-compressed air, where at a Compresses the charge air for the Compressed internal combustion engine is characterized in that the compressor also supplies the fuel cell system with air precompacted.

Dadurch wird bei in Betrieb befindlicher Brennkraftmaschine der Wirkungsgrad des Brennstoffzellensystems größer, wodurch dessen verfügbare elektrische Leistung steigt und der Treibstoffverbrauch des Fahrzeugs gesenkt wird.As a result, the internal combustion engine is in operation the efficiency of the fuel cell system is greater, making its available electrical Performance increases and the vehicle's fuel consumption is reduced becomes.

Außerdem kann durch Entfall des Luftverdichters im Brennstoffzellensystem dessen Gehäuse kleiner dimensioniert werden.In addition, by eliminating the Air compressor in the fuel cell system whose housing is smaller be dimensioned.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Die einzige Figur stellt ein schematisiertes Blockdiagramm einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung dar.The present invention is described below closer to a drawing described. The single figure represents a schematic block diagram of a embodiment of the present invention.

Bei der Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung gemäss der Zeichnung ist eine Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) in einen Isolierkörper 1 eingebettet. Diese APU ist mit einer Brennkraftmaschine 2 über einen Abgasturbolader 3 zusammengeschaltet. Der Luft-/Gasdurchsatz des Brennkraftmaschine-Brennstoffzellensystems ist durch die Pfeile dargestellt. Von einem Verdichter 4 des Abgasturboladers 3 wird Luft 5 angesaugt und im nicht gezeichneten Ansaugtrakt verdichtet. Diese verdichtete Luft 6 wird sowohl als Ladeluft 7 der Brennkraftmaschine 2 als auch als Versorgungsluft 8 dem Brennstoffzellensystem APU zugeleitet. Abgas 9 der Brennkraftmaschine 2 entspannt sich beim Antreiben einer Turbine 10 des Abgasturboladers 3.In the embodiment of the present invention according to the drawing, a high-temperature fuel cell APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) is in an insulating body 1 embedded. This APU is with an internal combustion engine 2 via an exhaust gas turbocharger 3 connected together. The air / gas flow rate of the internal combustion engine fuel cell system is represented by the arrows. From a compressor 4 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 3 becomes air 5 sucked in and compressed in the intake tract, not shown. This compressed air 6 is used both as charge air 7 the internal combustion engine 2 as well as supply air 8th fed to the fuel cell system APU. exhaust 9 the internal combustion engine 2 relaxes when driving a turbine 10 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 3 ,

Claims (6)

Brennkraftmaschine (2), insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Brennstoffzellensystem (APU), das mit vorverdichteter Luft (6) versorgt wird, und mit einem Verdichter (4) zur Vorverdichtung von Ladeluft (7) für die Brennkraftmaschine (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Verdichtung der Ladeluft (7) und zur Luftversorgung des Brennstoffzellensystems (APU) derselbe Verdichter (4) verwendet wird.Internal combustion engine ( 2 ), in particular for a motor vehicle, with a fuel cell system (APU), which with pre-compressed air ( 6 ) is supplied, and with a compressor ( 4 ) for pre-compression of charge air ( 7 ) for the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), characterized in that to compress the charge air ( 7 ) and for the air supply of the fuel cell system (APU) the same compressor ( 4 ) is used. Brennkraftmaschine (2) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (4) ein von einem Abtrieb der Brennkraftmaschine (2) angetriebener Kompressor ist.Internal combustion engine ( 2 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor ( 4 ) from an output of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) driven compressor. Brennkraftmaschine (2) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (4) ein von Abgasen (9) der Brennkraftmaschine (2) angetriebener Abgasturbolader (3) ist.Internal combustion engine ( 2 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor ( 4 ) one of exhaust gases ( 9 ) of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) driven exhaust gas turbocharger ( 3 ) is. Brennkraftmaschine (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Luftversorgung des Brennstoffzellensystems (APU) ein zusätzlicher, elektrisch angetriebener Verdichter verwendet wird.Internal combustion engine ( 2 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an additional, electrically driven compressor is used to supply air to the fuel cell system (APU). Brennkraftmaschine (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (4) für die Ladeluft (7) der Brennkraftmaschine (2) einen elektrischen Hilfsantrieb besitzt.Internal combustion engine ( 2 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the compressor ( 4 ) for the charge air ( 7 ) of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) has an electric auxiliary drive. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, zur Versorgung einer Brennkraftmaschine (2) mit Ladeluft (7) und eines Brennstoffzellensystems (APU) mit vorverdichteter Versorgungsluft (8), wobei ein Verdichter (4) die Ladeluft (7) für die Brennkraftmaschine (2) vorverdichtet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (4) auch die Versorgungsluft (8) des Brennstoffzellensystems (APU) vorverdichtet.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, for supplying an internal combustion engine ( 2 ) with charge air ( 7 ) and a fuel cell system (APU) with pre-compressed supply air ( 8th ), with a compressor ( 4 ) the charge air ( 7 ) for the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) pre-compressed, characterized in that the compressor ( 4 ) also the supply air ( 8th ) of the fuel cell system (APU) pre-compressed.
DE10303867A 2003-01-31 2003-01-31 Internal combustion engine with fuel cell system, especially for motor vehicle, uses same compressor to compress supercharging air for engine and to supply air to fuel cell system Ceased DE10303867A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007057224A1 (en) 2007-11-28 2009-01-29 Daimler Ag Drive system i.e. hybrid drive system, for motor vehicle, has sub-systems including fuel cell-system and supplied with compressed air by common supply device, where supply device includes compressors driven by electric motor
DE102018219069A1 (en) 2018-11-08 2020-05-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel cell system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19913795C1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-05 Daimler Chrysler Ag Combustion engine and fuel cell system combination device uses exhaust gases from combustion engine for heating fuel cell system to its required operating temperature
DE19928102A1 (en) * 1999-06-19 2000-12-21 Daimler Chrysler Ag Vehicle with a drive internal combustion engine and with a fuel cell system for supplying electrical power to the vehicle and method for operating such a vehicle
DE19938624C2 (en) * 1999-08-14 2001-06-07 Daimler Chrysler Ag Exhaust gas turbocharger
DE19923738C2 (en) * 1999-05-22 2001-08-09 Daimler Chrysler Ag Fuel cell system and method for operating a fuel cell system
DE10216953A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-11-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Device for supplying fuel cell with process air has motor-driven compression machine arranged after expansion machine on outlet air side on common shaft with compression machine on feed side

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19913795C1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-05 Daimler Chrysler Ag Combustion engine and fuel cell system combination device uses exhaust gases from combustion engine for heating fuel cell system to its required operating temperature
DE19923738C2 (en) * 1999-05-22 2001-08-09 Daimler Chrysler Ag Fuel cell system and method for operating a fuel cell system
DE19928102A1 (en) * 1999-06-19 2000-12-21 Daimler Chrysler Ag Vehicle with a drive internal combustion engine and with a fuel cell system for supplying electrical power to the vehicle and method for operating such a vehicle
DE19938624C2 (en) * 1999-08-14 2001-06-07 Daimler Chrysler Ag Exhaust gas turbocharger
DE10216953A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-11-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Device for supplying fuel cell with process air has motor-driven compression machine arranged after expansion machine on outlet air side on common shaft with compression machine on feed side

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007057224A1 (en) 2007-11-28 2009-01-29 Daimler Ag Drive system i.e. hybrid drive system, for motor vehicle, has sub-systems including fuel cell-system and supplied with compressed air by common supply device, where supply device includes compressors driven by electric motor
DE102018219069A1 (en) 2018-11-08 2020-05-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel cell system

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