DE102019135681A1 - Energy storage - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy storage device is described, which is preferably at least partially sunk in the ground, comprising a water heat exchanger (18) and an air heat exchanger (14) arranged above the water heat exchanger (18), the water heat exchanger (18) being arranged in a liquid reservoir (24) , which is formed on a floor (26) between an inner wall (36) and an outer wall (38), the inner wall (36) enclosing a cavity of at least a first container (30) and a second container (32) is partially filled, the first container (30) and the second container (32) have the same volumes and each form a pole of a redox flow battery.

Description

The invention relates to an energy store that is preferably at least partially sunk in the ground.

The use of fossil fuels is not only increasingly uneconomical, but is also increasingly being called into question due to the associated negative effects on the climate. In addition to increasing the use of renewable energy sources, efficient systems for energy storage are therefore also required, which, in combination with intelligent controls, can ensure reduced energy consumption, for example when heating or cooling buildings or systems. Due to such measures, a high savings potential can be created regardless of the energy carrier used, which also compensates for the associated installation costs.

From the DE 29 26 610 A1 a memory for providing the input heat energy at a low temperature level for heat pump systems is known, which absorb this energy and release it again at a higher temperature level. A water basin is designed in such a way that its water content can freeze without damaging the basin and that a heat exchanger system located on the basin floor or embedded in the basin floor allows the cooling and freezing heat of this basin to be fed to the cold side of a heat pump.

In addition to the use of an artificial water basin, it is also known to use natural waters as a storage medium. Thus, from 10 2015 104 909 A1 an energy storage device is known which has a heat exchanger which is arranged floating on a lower basin designed as a lake and preferably filled with water via a first supply line, with water from the lower basin and via a second supply line Third supply line, the coolant penetrating the heat exchanger can be fed to a heat pump in separate circuits, so that energy can be removed via the heat exchanger with icing of the water in the lower basin or in the form of sensible heat from the water in the lower basin and can be passed on to a consumer for heat and / or cold release is.

Furthermore, from the DE 10 2015 121 177 A1 a floating device for introducing thermal energy into a body of water and for extracting thermal energy from the body of water is known, which has a water heat exchanger which, after the device is inserted into the body of water, is immersed in it and has an inlet and an outlet for a heat transfer fluid, the thermal energy can give off to the body of water or extract thermal energy from the body of water. The device also has an air heat exchanger that can be penetrated by ambient air and also has an inlet for water originating from the body of water with a corresponding outlet so that water from the body of water can flow through the air heat exchanger, with thermal energy between that of the air heat exchanger Ambient air flowing through and the water flowing through the air heat exchanger can be transmitted.

The devices described above usually cooperate with a heat pump installed in a building. This can be supplied with electrical energy via the power grid or its own power storage, for example.

On the basis of this prior art, the inventors have now set themselves the task of creating an improved energy store that can work together with other energy sources without increasing the installation effort.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Further advantageous refinements of the invention are each subject matter of the subclaims. These can be combined with one another in a technologically sensible way. The description, in particular in connection with the drawing, additionally characterizes and specifies the invention.

According to the invention, an energy storage device is created, which is preferably at least partially sunk in the ground, comprising a water heat exchanger and an air heat exchanger arranged above the water heat exchanger, the water heat exchanger being arranged in a liquid reservoir which is formed on a base between an inner wall and an outer wall , wherein the inner wall encloses a cavity which is at least partially filled by at least a first container and a second container, wherein the first container and the second container have the same volumes and each form a pole of a redox flow battery.

Accordingly, according to the invention, the cavity located inside an energy store is used to accommodate a redox flow battery there, which is formed from the first container and the second container. For this purpose, the two containers have the same volumes, so that both poles can be provided with the same energy content. The energy storage is a device in which both an air heat exchanger and a water heat exchanger are arranged one above the other. This makes it possible to both store energy and transfer energy. The two heat exchangers work together with heat pumps so that the energy storage device can give off heat to a building or cool it. For this purpose, the water heat exchanger has a liquid reservoir that is typically filled with water. A multiplicity of spirally laid pipes which are filled with the working fluid of the heat pump are usually arranged in the liquid reservoir. In order to save costs and weight, the pipes of the water heat exchanger are manufactured as plastic pipes. The air heat exchanger, through which air from the environment flows, is usually made of metal and has several blocks with metal fins, which are also connected to one another so that the working fluid of the heat pump flows through them in turn. Since no arbitrarily small bending radii can be produced from prefabricated plastic pipes, a free space remains inside the liquid reservoir that is not covered by pipes and is therefore not connected to the heat pump. According to the invention, this unused area is left out in the form of the cavity, so that it can be subjected to further use as a redox flow battery. It is therefore possible to store or transfer both thermal energy and electrical energy in the energy store according to the invention. In a building in which heating or cooling takes place by means of the heat exchangers described above, there is thus the possibility of additionally storing electrical energy in the two containers, for example from a solar system or a wind energy system, and transferring it to the building if necessary. Use in connection with the operation of the heat pump (s) or their control is also conceivable.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the cavity extends beyond the water heat exchanger to an underside of the air heat exchanger.

The area between the water heat exchanger and the air heat exchanger is usually provided with an insulation layer, which is not required in the area of the two containers, since there is no liquid reservoir here that would have to be insulated. Accordingly, this area can also be used for the redox flow battery, so that a higher memory content can be achieved.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first container surrounds the second container on the circumferential side.

As a result, the first container is arranged around the second container, wherein the two containers can have the same heights, but their lateral dimensions are chosen so that overall the same volumes result. It has been found that such a design is mechanically very stable, which has advantages in particular when filling the redox flow battery. In other embodiments, however, the two containers can also be arranged one on top of the other, which could also simplify the production of the containers, since these could be manufactured identically for both containers, for example.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the energy store has a third container, which is preferably designed as a hot water store.

In particular, for the hot water supply as drinking water or service water, the provision of a further hot water storage tank can be advantageous, which is provided for supplying the building and can be fed, for example, via a solar thermal system. However, such a hot water storage tank is not connected to the air conditioning supply units of the energy storage device, so that its contents can be used as drinking water in a hygienically safe manner.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the third container is arranged in the cavity together with the first container and the second container.

The area of the cavity can be used to arrange the third container, which is typically designed as a hot water storage tank, which on the one hand enables a simple structure, but on the other hand restricts the volume and thus usable storage capacity for the redox flow battery.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the third container is arranged below the cavity, separated from the first container and the second container, in a further, preferably insulated cavity.

In another embodiment, the third container is arranged below the cavity, preferably also below the energy store beyond the cavity. In this way, the volume of the redox flow battery is not restricted, and at the same time the storage of hot water can be improved by means of insulation from the environment.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the inner wall is designed in the form of a circular cylinder.

Typically, such energy stores are circular, so that both the inner wall and the outer wall have a circular cylindrical shape. Accordingly, the liquid reservoir has a cross-sectional area in the form of a circular ring, in the inner region of which the cavity is formed, which thus likewise has a circular-cylindrical shape. The two containers can then also be designed with cross-sectional areas in the form of a circular ring or a circle.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the inner wall is made of a plastic material which is fastened to a frame structure, further struts being arranged in the cavity, which support the first container and the second container.

A weight-saving design with a stud frame is proposed for the energy store, the liquid reservoir of the water store being sunk into the ground on the outer wall. Any compressive forces are therefore absorbed to the outside by the soil. Towards the inner wall, these compressive forces are absorbed by the stud frame. Further struts stabilize the two containers so that they are securely held inside the energy store. Overall, the result is a mechanically stable structure which can also be produced simply and inexpensively from plastic materials or metal profiles, with a large part of the components being able to be prefabricated, which results in a further reduction in production costs.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first container and the second container are designed such that a supply channel remains free when they are arranged in the cavity.

Accordingly, both the redox flow battery and the possibly existing hot water storage tank in the third container can be supplied via the supply channel. When the two containers are arranged one above the other, the supply channel can be formed, for example, on the outer circumference, other configurations also being possible. If the two containers are formed next to one another, the supply channel can also be guided axially along a longitudinal axis in the center of the container.

• 1 eine perspektivische Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichers,
• 2 der Energiespeicher aus 1 in einer geschnittenen Darstellung entlang eines Segments,
• 3 einen Schnitt durch den Energiespeicher aus 1 in einer Seitenansicht,
• 4 Bestandteile einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichers in einer perspektivischen Seitenansicht,
• 5A die Anordnung aus 4 in einer Seitenansicht,
• 5B einen Schnitt durch die Anordnung aus 4 in einer Seitenansicht,
• 6A Bestandteile einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichers in einer perspektivischen Seitenansicht,
• 6B einen Schnitt durch die Anordnung aus 6A in einer Seitenansicht,
• 7A Bestandteile einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichers in einer perspektivischen Seitenansicht,
• 7B einen Schnitt durch die Anordnung aus 7A in einer Seitenansicht, und
• 8 Bestandteile einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichers in einer perspektivischen Seitenansicht.

Some exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

• 1 a perspective side view of an energy store according to the invention,
• 2 the energy storage system off 1 in a section along a segment,
• 3 a section through the energy storage 1 in a side view,
• 4th Components of a further embodiment of the energy store according to the invention in a perspective side view,
• 5A the arrangement 4th in a side view,
• 5B a section through the arrangement 4th in a side view,
• 6A Components of a further embodiment of the energy store according to the invention in a perspective side view,
• 6B a section through the arrangement 6A in a side view,
• 7A Components of a further embodiment of the energy store according to the invention in a perspective side view,
• 7B a section through the arrangement 7A in a side view, and
• 8th Components of a further embodiment of the energy store according to the invention in a perspective side view.

In the figures, identical or functionally identical components are provided with the same reference symbols.

With reference to 1 is a first embodiment of an energy store according to the invention 2 described. In 1 is the energy storage device according to the invention 2 shown in a perspective side view, the energy storage 2 an outer shell 4th comprises, which in the example shown has a substantially cylindrical shape. On the outer shell 4th is a junction box 6th arranged, can be connected to the supply lines and discharge lines, which lead to one or more heat pumps, which are arranged, for example, in a building. Furthermore, the connection box 6th also a working fluid flow to an air heat exchanger and a water heat exchanger inside the energy store 2 passed on.

The energy store has on its upper side 2 an end cover 8th on, which is roughly in the middle with several exhaust air slots 10 is provided by the over a circumferential side Supply air slot 12th on the end cover 8th sucked in ambient air can escape. Usually the energy store 2 partially buried in the ground, with the ventilation slot 12th protrudes above the ground. The soil therefore covers the outer shell 4th not complete, typically at least the termination box 6th is still covered.

In 2 is the energy store 2 shown in a partially sectioned view, wherein the details of the heat exchangers have been omitted for the sake of simplicity, since these are not part of the invention. With energy storage 2 is in an upper area that is in 2 is shown hatched and with the reference number 14th is designated, an air heat exchanger is arranged, the ambient air from the supply air slot 12th is flowed through. The air flow is via a fan located inside 16 to the exhaust air slots 10 directed.

Furthermore, in the case of the energy storage device, in a lower area, which is shown in 2 is also shown hatched and with the reference number 18th is designated, a water heat exchanger is provided in which a liquid reservoir is formed between an inner wall and an outer wall. The inner wall and the outer wall can be made of plastic, for example, and are inserted into a stud frame, with a circumferential upper inner ring here 20th and a circumferential upper outer ring 22nd of the stud frame the upper end of the liquid reservoir 24 form. The liquid reservoir 24 is down through a floor 26th limited. The water heat exchanger is connected to the air heat exchanger through a cover plate 28 limited.

The liquid reservoir 24 encloses a cavity in which a first container 30th and a second container 32 are introduced. The first container 30th encloses the second container 32 wherein the first container has a substantially circular annular cross-sectional area, while the second container 32 is formed with a circular cross-sectional area. The height of the first container 30th and the second container 32 can use the upper edge of the liquid reservoir 24 protrude in the direction of the air heat exchanger, the area to the side of the first container 30th above the liquid reservoir 24 during operation of the energy storage system 2 is typically at least partially filled by an insulation layer. The first container 30th and the second container 32 have the same volumes and each function as a liquid storage device for one pole of a redox flow battery.

In 3 is the energy store 2 again shown in a sectional view, the sectional plane approximately centrally along the longitudinal axis of the energy store 2 is arranged. It can be seen that in the hatched area 18th the liquid reservoir from an inner wall 36 and an outer wall 38 that is limited along with the ground 26th the limitation of the liquid reservoir 24 form. The inner wall 36 , the outer wall 38 and the floor 26th can be formed from one piece or composed of several components, for example welded. Typically used for the inner wall 36 , the outer wall 38 and the floor 26th Sheets of a plastic material are used.

In 4th a further perspective side view is shown in which, except for the stud frame 40 and the first container 30th and the second container 32 all other parts of the energy store 2 have been removed for the purpose of better display. You can see that the first container 30th and the second container 32 of several struts 42 are surrounded, for a support of the first container 30th and the second container 32 ensure that these are mechanically stable inside the energy storage device 2 are arranged. The stud work 40 also includes a circumferential lower outer ring 44 , which by means of several floor struts 46 with the area below the first container 30th and the second container 32 connected is. Multiple vertical side struts 48 Connect the lower outer ring 44 with the upper outer ring 22nd . The upper outer ring 22nd is about several intermediate struts 50 with the upper inner ring 20th connected. This creates a stable structure for the stud frame 40 , the different components of the energy storage 2 can accommodate.

In 5A is the stud frame 40 shown again in a side view. You can see that the striving 42 over the upper outer ring 22nd protrude, with their upper ends are designed so that they the cover plate 28 can accommodate, so that in addition to the mechanical support of the first container 30th and the second container 32 also part of the weight of the air heat exchanger on the struts 42 rests.

In 5B is the stud frame 40 shown again in a sectional view along the plane AA '. The first container 30th and the second container 32 have, as already mentioned above, the same volumes.

In 6A a further embodiment of an energy store is shown in a perspective side view, in which the first container 30th again with a circular cross-section around the cylindrical second container 32 is arranged. To a first supply line 60 and a second supply line 62 to be able to carry out is along the centrally arranged longitudinal axis of the second container 32 a supply channel 64 formed through which the first supply line 60 and the second supply line 62 are led.

In 6B this is shown again in a sectional view, with the first supply line 60 and the second supply line 62 have been omitted for the sake of simplicity. It can be seen that inside the second container 32 the supply channel 64 runs. The dimensions of the first container 30th and the second container 32 be to the volume loss of the second container 32 in the area of the supply channel 64 to be able to compensate, adjusted accordingly. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when it is combined with a third container, which is the first supply line 60 and the second supply line 62 needed.

Such a design is in 7A in a perspective side view and in 7B shown in an associated sectional view. Behind another outer shell 70 is the third container 72 that is via the supply channel 64 with the first supply line 60 and the second supply line 62 can be connected. The third container 72 is, for example, a hot water tank that can be used to supply drinking water or service water to a building.

To the third container 72 To protect against temperature losses to the environment, this is in an insulation material 74 embedded, being between the first container 30th and the second container 32 an intermediate plate 76 is introduced, which ensures mechanical stability. The structure rests on another base plate 78 . Such a structure can now, as already shown above, in the cavity of the liquid reservoir 24 be arranged. Typically the first container 30th and the second container 32 each can hold around 350 liters of liquid, while the third container 72 has a capacity of around 200 liters. However, the numerical values are only to be understood as an example to roughly indicate the order of magnitude.

In other embodiments it would also be possible to use the third container 72 expand radially so far that it is below the liquid reservoir 24 comes to rest or the hot water tank is completely covered or even goes beyond it. In the 7A and 7B However, the embodiment shown represents a very compact structure in which different forms of energy can be stored and transmitted in a simple manner.

In 8th a further embodiment of the energy store is shown. In contrast to the previous embodiments, this is the first container 30th and the second container 32 arranged one above the other. Furthermore is the stud frame 40 even more intermediate rings 80 has been expanded. In the area of the cavity 82 can either leave space for a third container, as in 8th is shown, or the cavity 82 can completely with the first container 30th and the second container 32 be filled up.

The features specified above and in the claims, as well as those which can be derived from the figures, can advantageously be implemented both individually and in various combinations. The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described, but rather can be modified in many ways within the scope of the skilled person.

List of reference symbols

2

Energy storage

4th

Outer shell

6th

Closing box

8th

End cover

10

Exhaust vents

12th

Supply air slot

14th

Air heat exchanger

16

fan

18th

Water heat exchanger

20th

upper inner ring

22nd

upper outer ring

24

Liquid reservoir

26th

ground

28

Cover plate

30th

first container

32

second container

36

Inner wall

38

Outer wall

40

Stud frame

42

Striving

44

lower outer ring

46

Bottom struts

48

Side struts

50

Intermediate struts

60

first supply line

62

second supply line

64

Supply channel

70

further outer shell

72

container

74

Insulation material

76

Intermediate plate

78

further base plate

80

Intermediate rings

82

cavity

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 2926610 A1 [0003]
• DE 102015121177 A1 [0005]

Claims (10)

Energy storage device, which is preferably at least partially sunk in the ground, comprising a water heat exchanger (18) and an air heat exchanger (14) arranged above the water heat exchanger (18), the water heat exchanger (18) being arranged in a liquid reservoir (24) which is on a The bottom (26) is formed between an inner wall (36) and an outer wall (38), the inner wall (36) enclosing a cavity which is at least partially filled by at least a first container (30) and a second container (32), wherein the first container (30) and the second container (32) have the same volumes and each form a pole of a redox flow battery. Energy storage after Claim 1 , in which the cavity extends beyond the water heat exchanger (18) to an underside of the air heat exchanger (14). Energy storage after Claim 1 or 2 , in which the first container (30) surrounds the second container (32) on the circumferential side. Energy storage after Claim 1 or 2 wherein the first container (30) is disposed above the second container (32). Energy storage according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , which has a third container (72), which is preferably designed as a hot water tank. Energy storage after Claim 5 , in which the third container (72) is arranged together with the first container (30) and second container (32) in the cavity. Energy storage after Claim 5 , in which the third container (72) is arranged below the cavity separated from the first container (30) and second container (32) in a further, preferably insulated cavity. Energy storage according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th , in which the inner wall (36) is designed in the form of a circular cylinder. Energy storage according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , in which the inner wall (36) is made of a plastic material which is fastened to a stud frame (40), further struts (42) being arranged in the cavity, which support the first container (30) and the second container (32) . Energy storage according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , in which the first container (30) and the second container (32) are designed in such a way that a supply channel (64) remains free when they are arranged in the cavity.

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