DE102019127136A1 - Energy exchange device for electrical energy between two mobile energy storage systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy exchange device (1) which is designed to transmit electrical energy between two mobile energy storage systems (E1, E2) in vehicles (F1, F2), comprising an electrical connecting line (10) at the ends (10a, 10b) of which an electrical vehicle connector (20) is attached in each case in order to establish an electrical connection with a respective charging socket (L1, L2) on one of the respective vehicles (F1, F2), as well as a control device (30) preferably attached between the two vehicle connectors (20) , which is designed to control an electrical energy transfer process between the energy storage systems (E1, E2) and is also designed with an energy detection module that detects the electrical energy ΔE transferred between the energy storage systems (E1, E2) and generates data therefrom in order to transfer it to a integrated or external display device (A).

Description

The invention relates to an energy exchange device for electrical energy between two mobile energy storage systems in vehicles.

In many electric vehicles, including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, a vehicle battery is typically charged from a mains power source such as a public or private network access that receives electricity and thus electrically storable energy from an electrical network. For charging, a charging cable is used to connect the mains power source to the vehicle battery. After the electrical connection has been established, the vehicle charging system begins charging the vehicle battery until the battery is charged to a certain desired state of charge. In order to reduce costs, for example, a user can wait until the network tariffs are at a desired level before coupling a vehicle, e.g. B. at a night electricity tariff during the night. With such a charging topology, however, it is always necessary that a combination of a network connection with a sufficiently high network capacity is available for the vehicle.

In the prior art, however, there are currently no useful and efficient solutions, such as on the one hand without a connection to a permanently installed d. H. immobile connection with a sufficient charge voltage level, a vehicle battery can be charged.

Further problems in the prior art are also so far unsolved, such as, for. B. the problem that you can not transfer energy from an existing energy storage device with the conventional charging cables attached to the vehicles, which are to be connected to a wall box or charging station, because the technical prerequisites for this are missing . Even the charging management would not allow a charging process.

A current problem with electromobility that has been unsatisfactorily resolved is that charging stations are not available everywhere, and certainly not at the desired parking positions. Another disadvantage is the fact that the owner or user of an e-vehicle is dependent on having to pay the electricity tariffs offered at the time of the charging process if a charging process is required.

On the other hand, there may be other electric vehicles in the immediate vicinity at locations without a charging station, which have an energy surplus at this point in time and which could provide the surplus energy more cheaply than at a nearby charging station. A constellation is also conceivable in which one vehicle has a loading level of z. B. 85% and the second vehicle has a state of charge of 55%, the first vehicle wants to cover a long distance and therefore a state of charge of 100% would be desirable, while the other vehicle for a short time with a charge level of z. B. 40% would get by.

1. a) Übertragen der elektrischen Energie von einem ersten mobilen Energiespeicher eines ersten Fahrzeugs mit einem höheren Spannungs- oder Ladepegel zu einem zweiten mobilen Energiespeicher eines zweiten Fahrzeugs mit einem niedrigere Spannungs- oder Ladepegel;
2. b) Übertragen der elektrischen Energie von einem ersten mobilen Energiespeicher eines ersten Fahrzeugs mit einem niedrigeren Spannungs- oder Ladepegel zu einem zweiten mobilen Energiespeicher eines zweiten Fahrzeugs mit einem höheren Spannungs- oder Ladepegel;
3. c) Übertragen der elektrischen Energie von einem ersten mobilen Energiespeicher eines ersten Fahrzeugs zu einem zweiten mobilen Energiespeicher eines zweiten Fahrzeugs bei dem während des Energieübertragungsvorgangs der Pegel von einem höheren zu einem niedrigeren Pegel überwechselt und umgekehrt (z. B. anfänglich 1. Fahrzeug 60% Ladepegel und das 2. Fahrzeug 40% Ladepegel, wobei der Endzustand genau umgekehrt ist, so dass sich beim Überschreiten der 50% zu 50% Konstellation die Situation ergibt, dass nun das Fahrzeug mit dem höheren Lade- oder Spannungspegel von einem Fahrzeug mit niedrigerem Lade- oder Spannungspegel weiter geladen werden soll. Diese Situation stellt sich bei einer Ladesäule nie, da Netzspannungsseitig immer ausreichend hohe Ladekapazität und Ladespannung zur Verfügung steht.
4. d) Erfassen und Abrechnen der übertragenen elektrischen Energie zwischen den beteiligten Fahrzeugen zu variablen, insbesondere einseitig bestimmbaren Stromtarifen. So kann ein Fahrzeug mit hoher Ladekapazität als Stromanbieter agieren und zu eigenen Stromtarifen anderen Fahrzeugnutzern Strom mobil anbieten.

If you now consider the large number of available electric vehicles that could mutually exchange electrical energy, there is a lack of technical equipment for how electrical energy can be transmitted between mobile energy storage devices in vehicles depending on the different charging constellations. In particular, no technical devices are available that cover the following constellations:

1. a) transferring the electrical energy from a first mobile energy store of a first vehicle with a higher voltage or charge level to a second mobile energy store of a second vehicle with a lower voltage or charge level;
2. b) transferring the electrical energy from a first mobile energy store of a first vehicle with a lower voltage or charge level to a second mobile energy store of a second vehicle with a higher voltage or charge level;
3. c) Transferring the electrical energy from a first mobile energy storage device of a first vehicle to a second mobile energy storage device of a second vehicle in which the level changes from a higher to a lower level and vice versa during the energy transfer process (e.g. initially 1st vehicle 60% Charge level and the 2nd vehicle 40% charge level, whereby the final state is exactly the opposite, so that when the 50% to 50% constellation is exceeded, the situation arises that the vehicle with the higher charge or voltage level is now replaced by a vehicle with a lower charge - or voltage level is to be charged further This situation never arises with a charging station, since there is always a sufficiently high charging capacity and charging voltage available on the mains voltage side.
4. d) Detecting and billing the transmitted electrical energy between the participating vehicles to be variable, in particular unilaterally determinable electricity tariffs. A vehicle with a high charging capacity can act as an electricity provider and offer other vehicle users mobile electricity at its own electricity tariffs.

There is currently no solution available in the prior art to achieve the aforementioned goals. The invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages in the prior art and proposing an energy exchange device with which electrical energy can be transferred between two mobile energy storage systems in vehicles on a billing basis.

This object is achieved by the combination of features according to claim 1.

According to the invention, an energy exchange device is provided for this purpose, which is designed to transfer electrical energy between two mobile energy storage systems (e.g. vehicle batteries for driving electric motors) in vehicles, comprising an electrical connection line, at each end of which an electrical vehicle connector is attached, in order to establish an electrical connection with a respective charging socket on one of the respective vehicles, as well as a control device which is preferably connected in terms of circuitry between the two vehicle connectors and is designed to control an electrical energy transfer process between the energy storage systems. According to the invention, the energy exchange device is also designed with an energy acquisition module which acquires the electrical energy ΔE transmitted between the energy storage systems and its direction of transmission and generates data therefrom in order to be able to display them on an integrated or external display device.

In an advantageous embodiment, the energy exchange device is designed as a bi-directional energy transmission device, which can thus optionally transmit electrical energy from one vehicle to the other or vice versa, regardless of which vehicle connector is plugged into which vehicle.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a system comprising an energy exchange device and adapter plug for connecting the vehicle connector of the energy exchange device to the vehicle is implemented. In this way, vehicles of different manufacturers and designs can also be energetically coupled with one another for energy exchange with an energy exchange device.

It is particularly advantageous if the energy exchange device is designed in one piece and is therefore ready for use. This saves the user tedious connection and cabling work. For this purpose, the complete control technology is integrated in a cable set to form the energy exchange device.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the energy exchange device can also be used to transfer electrical energy from vehicles with a lower charge level to vehicles with a higher charge level. For this purpose, the control advantageously has at least one electronic voltage converter or a DC / DC converter in order to appropriately raise or lower the respective voltage level on the input side or on the removal side. It is also advantageous to provide a DC voltage intermediate circuit for buffering the electrical energy via an intermediate circuit capacitor. In addition, a further voltage converter can be provided after the DC voltage intermediate circuit, the voltage converter arranged on the input side being provided primarily for voltage conversion.

A detection module, preferably integrated in the control device, is also advantageously provided, which is designed to detect electrical and / or physical properties of the connected energy storage systems and to control the energy transfer process between the energy storage systems as a function thereof. Also advantageous is the link with a wired or wirelessly connected communication module, which will be discussed in more detail later, which can communicate with the connected units via one or more communication lines or by power line communication.

In order to control the energy transfer and the charging or discharging process in an optimized way, the detectable electrical and / or physical properties of the connected energy storage systems that are detected by the detection module include at least the voltage level and / or the charge level and / or the electrical available Energy in the respective energy storage.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that a current recording module, preferably an electricity meter, is also provided in order to quantitatively record the current flowing or transmitted from one energy storage system to the other energy storage system or the transmitted electrical power in kW.

A user interface is also advantageous in order to enter technical parameters for the transmission, such as B. the maximum power to be transmitted in kW.

Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that an evaluation device is provided which, from the electrical energy .DELTA.E transmitted between the energy storage systems, a value, in particular an economically measurable value z. B. determined in a selectable currency in order to be able to display it on an integrated or external display device. In this way, after the transfer process of a certain electrical power in kW, users can see which value is hidden behind it (e.g. 10 kW transferred for 2 EUR).

As already explained above, a communication interface is advantageously provided which is communicatively coupled to the control device in order to set preset, changeable and / or selectable system parameters (insofar as relevant for the transmission of electrical energy and its evaluation) that are used by the control device the transmission and / or detection of the transmitted electrical energy can be used to control the transmission process, input or change by a user. Thus, a scalable system is proposed in which adjustments or a selection can be made between the users on site via the user interface that influence the charging process accordingly via the control. The parameters include at least one of the following variables: the maximum amount of energy to be transmitted and / or the electricity tariff per kW and / or the minimum residual charge level / voltage level of the energy store from which the electrical energy is transmitted and / or the maximum permissible current.

In a likewise advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the control device comprises a processor which determines a charging scheme on the basis of the recorded electrical and / or physical properties of the connected energy storage systems and the energy transfer takes place according to this charging scheme after approval by the user. Optionally, on the basis of the parameters entered or stored by a user via the user interface for the control, the charging scheme can be determined accordingly by the processor.

1. a. Verbinden der Fahrzeugverbinder mit je einer Ladebuchse an je einem der beiden Fahrzeuge;
2. b. Starten einer Übertragung von elektrischer Energie mittels der Steuerungseinrichtung;
3. c. Erfassen der zwischen den Energiespeichersystemen übertragenen elektrischen Energie ΔE;
4. d. Generieren von Daten als Äquivalent zur übertragenen elektrischen Energie ΔE, um diese an der integrierten oder externen Anzeigeeinrichtung darzustellen.

In addition to the energy exchange device, a further aspect of the present invention also relates to the method for transferring electrical energy from a first mobile energy storage system in a first electrically operated vehicle to a second mobile energy storage system in a second electrically operated vehicle by means of an energy exchange device as described above with the following steps:

1. a. Connect the vehicle connector with a charging socket on each of the two vehicles;
2. b. Starting a transmission of electrical energy by means of the control device;
3. c. Detecting the electrical energy ΔE transferred between the energy storage systems;
4. d. Generation of data equivalent to the transmitted electrical energy ΔE in order to display this on the integrated or external display device.

In a likewise advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the start of the transmission of electrical energy in step b) takes place after a user query and approval by a user, preferably via a user or communication interface.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines beispielhaften Ausführungsbeispiels einer Energieaustauschvorrichtung und
• 2 eine Steuerungseinrichtung.

Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. It showed:

• 1 a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of an energy exchange device and
• 2 a control device.

In the following the invention with reference to the 1 and 2 described in more detail using a merely exemplary embodiment.

In the 1 are exemplary two vehicles F1 , F2 shown. The vehicles F1 , F2 each have a charging socket L1 , L2 with one cable each with an energy storage system permanently installed in the vehicle E1 , E2 are connected. The charging sockets are advantageously those charging sockets on which the respective energy storage system E1 , E2 is connected to a conventional charging station connected to a network.

Between the two charging sockets L1 , L2 is an energy exchange device 1 intended. The energy exchange device 1 consists of a cable set 10 made of lines at the ends 10a , 10b one electrical vehicle connector each 20th is attached, which is in the respective charging socket L1 , L2 is plugged in to make an electrical connection between the energy storage system E1 , E2 of the vehicles F1 , F2 to manufacture.

The energy exchange device 1 also includes one between the two vehicle connectors 20th attached control device 30th , the (as in 2 shown) is formed, an electrical energy transfer process between the energy storage systems E1 , E2 to control. The control device 30th includes a DC-DC converter for this purpose 31 , an intermediate circuit 32 with an intermediate circuit capacitor 33 , another DC / DC converter 34 , an acquisition module 40 , the current measuring module 50 , the evaluation device 60 and a communication interface 71 as well as a communication module 70 .

The current measuring module 50 is formed between the energy storage systems E1 , E2 to detect transmitted electrical energy .DELTA.E in order to generate data therefrom, which on an integrated or external display device A. are representable. The display device A. can also be a smartphone, which is connected to the control device via an APP 30th via one or the communication interface 71 can communicate.

The acquisition module 40 however, it is designed to measure electrical and / or physical properties of the connected energy storage systems E1 , E2 to record and make this data available to the controller in order to depend on the energy transfer process between the energy storage systems E1 , E2 to steer accordingly.

The evaluation device 60 is formed from between the energy storage systems E1 , E2 transmitted electrical energy .DELTA.E to determine a value, preferably a monetary value in a selectable currency, in order to display this on an integrated or external display device A. to be able to represent. A microprocessor provided in the control can be used for this purpose. The microprocessor can also serve to determine an optimal charging scheme based on detected system parameters in order to achieve a correspondingly optimized charging process. So z. B. the charging scheme can be tailored to a maximum charging current depending on the current environmental parameters and the current line temperature. It is particularly advantageous if the controller dynamically changes the charging scheme or the current charging profile and, if necessary, continuously adapts the charging process. If, for example, the temperature rises excessively high during transmission, the control can automatically adjust the current and / or, if necessary, the charging voltage via the DC / DC voltage converter using a query algorithm, so that the electrical power transmitted per unit of time is reduced . This adaptation can be repeated iteratively until the optimal charging scheme has been determined. An adjustment may also be necessary, in particular, if an energy storage device comes closer and closer to the final discharge voltage during discharge, which is defined as the voltage below which no more energy that can be used for the respective application can be drawn. In the case of accumulators, it is the limit value of the voltage on the cells for deep discharge. Is the cut-off voltage for the discharge regulator of the energy exchange device 1 above the end-of-discharge voltage of the accumulator, the accumulator is not completely discharged and the capacity cannot be fully used. On the other hand, the voltage drops beforehand and may have to be adjusted accordingly via the DC / DC converter so that energy transfer is still possible.

The communication interface 71 which are communicative with the control device 30th is coupled, is provided in order to input or change preset, changeable and / or selectable parameters that are used by the control device in the transmission and / or detection of the transmitted electrical energy to control the transmission process by a user. The aforementioned communication module is for this purpose 70 provided, which can advantageously communicate with a smartphone via a specific APP.

The embodiment of the invention is not restricted to the preferred exemplary embodiments specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown even in the case of fundamentally different designs.

It can thus be provided that the voltage converter (s) are also arranged inside the vehicle, since, according to the concept of the invention, they are not necessarily locally in the box. The control device 30th therefore does not necessarily include the local DC-DC converter 31 , 34 and the intermediate circuit 32 , but can control the converter in the vehicle in a more cost-effective variant. The converters already present in the vehicle are thus part of the concept of the energy exchange device or a corresponding box which contains all the other components. If one assumes that a vehicle will provide an interface (at best a standardized interface) in the future, this can be used and operated in order to adapt the voltage to the intermediate circuit voltage of the energy exchange box.

This results in a further variant, namely when using the concept that the vehicle or a vehicle provides the DC-DC converter, an intermediate circuit is no longer absolutely necessary. The energy exchange box or the cable set is then designed as a power connector and a communication module which regulates the charging power, etc. from one vehicle to the other, with which the energy exchange device can be manufactured very cheaply.

It is also conceivable that the power connection does not necessarily mean HV> 60V in the sense of an automotive application. A power connection based on e.g. 48V is also conceivable. For this purpose, the DC-DC converters are usually already available in the vehicle. This enables a further cost reduction in that the HV part can be omitted.

In addition, an internet module with remote access can be provided.

The charging scheme can also be evaluated and set by the energy store, if available. It can happen that the energy storage device in the vehicle should or must make its own specifications for discharging and charging. A solution with an intermediate circuit is assumed. The converter (s) can also be arranged in the vehicle or, alternatively, in the energy exchange device. With such a structure, more than two vehicles can be linked together. Each connection to the energy exchange device or box requires a DC-DC converter in the same or in the vehicle. This z. B. two vehicles can also load a third vehicle.

Claims (11)

Energy exchange device (1) designed to transmit electrical energy between two fixed or mobile energy storage systems (E1, E2) in vehicles (F1, F2), comprising an electrical connecting line (10), at the ends (10a, 10b) of which each has an electrical vehicle connector (20 ) is attached in order to establish an electrical connection with a respective charging socket (L1, L2) on one of the respective vehicles (F1, F2), as well as a control device (30) which is preferably attached between the two vehicle connectors (20) and is designed to have a to control electrical energy transfer process between the energy storage systems (E1, E2) and is also designed with an energy detection module that detects the electrical energy ΔE transferred between the energy storage systems (E1, E2) and generates data therefrom in order to display it on an integrated or external display device (A ) to be able to represent. Energy exchange device (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the energy exchange device (1) is designed in one piece and ready for use. Energy exchange device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a detection module (40) is also provided, preferably in the control device (30), which is designed to detect electrical and / or physical properties of the connected energy storage systems (E1, E2) and, depending on this, the energy transfer process between the Control energy storage systems (E1, E2). Energy exchange device (1) according to Claim 1 , 2 or 3 , characterized in that the detectable electrical and / or physical properties of the connected energy storage systems (E1, E2) include at least the voltage level and / or the charge level and / or the available electrical energy in the respective energy storage. Energy exchange device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a current detection module (50), in particular an electricity meter, is also provided to quantitatively measure the current flowing from one energy storage system (E1, E2) to the other energy storage system (E1, E2) capture. Energy exchange device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an evaluation device (60) is also provided which determines a value, in particular a value in a selectable currency, from the electrical energy ΔE transmitted between the energy storage systems (E1, E2), in order to be able to show them on an integrated or external display device. Energy exchange device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a communication interface (71) is also provided, which is communicatively coupled to the control device (30) via a communication module (70) in order to set preset, changeable and / or selectable parameters, which are used by the control device during the transmission and / or detection of the transmitted electrical energy to control the transmission process, to be entered or changed by a user. Energy exchange device (1) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the parameters include at least one of the following variables: the maximum to be transmitted Amount of energy and / or the electricity tariff and / or the minimum residual charge level / voltage level of the energy store from which the electrical energy is transferred and / or the maximum permissible current. Energy exchange device (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 3 to 8th , characterized in that the control device comprises a processor which determines a charging scheme on the basis of the recorded electrical and / or physical properties of the connected energy storage systems (E1, E2) and the energy is transferred according to this charging scheme after approval by the user. Method for transmitting electrical energy from a first mobile energy storage system (E1) in a first vehicle (F1) to a second mobile energy storage system (E2) in a second vehicle (F2) by means of an energy exchange device (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , with the following steps: a. Connecting the vehicle connector (20) to one charging socket (L1, L2) each on one of the two vehicles (F1, F2); b. Starting a transmission of electrical energy by means of the control device (30); c. Detecting the electrical energy ΔE transmitted between the energy storage systems (E1, E2); d. Generation of data equivalent to the transmitted electrical energy ΔE in order to display this on the integrated or external display device. Procedure according to Claim 10 , wherein the start of the transmission of electrical energy in step b) takes place after a user query and a release by the user, preferably via a user or communication interface.

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