DE102019119082B3 - Control method for providing electrical control power for transmission networks and / or an electrical energy market product - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a control method for providing electrical control power for transmission networks and / or for providing an electrical energy market product with the following process steps: Analyzing (M1) a plurality of reserve units (RE1 ... REx), each of which has an electrical building network (G) and the electrical building network (G) is defined in that it is connected to an electrical supply network via a common network connection point (NAP), with each electrical building network (G) grouping: o significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1 .n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) with an electrical power conversion of more than or equal to 2kW and small electrical power units (L1.n + 1 ... L1.o; L2.n + 1 ... L2.o; Lx.n + 1 ... Lx.o) with an electrical power consumption of less than 2kW each, • Continuous scheduling (M2) of a leading working point for each reserve unit (RE1 ... REx), where ei a working point contribution of the significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) of each reserve unit (RE1 ... REx) by means of data communication with the significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1. n; L2.1 ... L2.n, ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) is recorded or recorded and controlled and with an operating point contribution by the small electrical power units (L1.n + 1. .. L1.o; L2.n + 1 ... L2.o; ... Lx.n + 1 ... Lx.o) of each reserve unit (RE1 ... REx) by means of one for the respective reserve unit (RE1 ... REx) building network-typical standard load profile is factored in and • aggregating (M3) a plurality of the large number of analyzed reserve units (RE1 ... REx) to form a reserve group (RG) with a power potential in the megawatt range, adding up the continuously planned leading working points of the aggregated reserve units (RE1 ... REx)

Description

House batteries or house batteries are batteries with secondary cells that are installed in a building of a household or a commercial enterprise and can supply the electrical devices (electrical consumers) there with electricity. In particular, electrical power units designed as batteries in connection with electrical power units in the form of regenerative power generators, such as, for example, photovoltaic systems that are also installed in buildings, can be used sensibly to support the energy transition. Since they are connected to the public power grid, they can take up electrical power from the power grid as what is known as negative control power and, if necessary, supply electrical power to the power grid as so-called positive control power in order to stabilize the transmission networks. For example, the energy stored in a battery can be delivered as positive control power to the power grid of a transmission network operator.

From the point of view of the transmission system operator, so-called reserve units, which were previously also known as technical units, usually have such a power potential for the provision of electrical control power that this negative and / or positive control power in the form of primary control power, now referred to as FCR (Frequency Containment Reserve), or secondary control reserve, now referred to as aFRR (automated frequency restoration reserve), in the range of many MW. Classically, these are, for example, individual water or gas power plants for generating electrical energy, these power plants being ramped up or throttled accordingly to provide the desired positive or negative electrical control power.

In the context of the present invention, however, the technical term of a reserve unit is defined much smaller than is customary in the art. That is to say, a reserve unit within the meaning of the invention is already available, for example, in the form of an individual building battery or also in the form of an individual building with an associated building network. In the case of the reserve unit as a single building, this means more precisely that the reserve unit can also be defined as the sum of all electrical energy consumers and / or electrical energy producers whose electrical power flows between this reserve unit and the external transmission network via a common network connection point an electric current meter unit can be detected.

• - elektrische Lasten als Stromverbrauchseinheiten, die technisch ausschließlich für eine elektrische Leistungsaufnahme geeignet sind,
• - elektrische Speicher als Stromspeichereinheiten, die technische sowohl für die elektrische Leistungsaufnahme als auch für die elektrische Leistungsabgabe geeignet sind und
• - elektrische Erzeuger als Stromerzeugungseinrichtungen, die technisch ausschließlich für eine elektrische Leistungsabgabe geeignet sind.

The various electrical energy consumers and electrical energy producers are generically referred to as electrical power units in the context of the present invention. These consist of a mixture of power consumption units, power output units and power consumption / output units, selected from the group comprising:

• - electrical loads as power consumption units that are technically only suitable for electrical power consumption,
• - Electrical storage as power storage units that are technically suitable for both electrical power consumption and electrical power output and
• - electrical generators as power generation devices that are technically only suitable for delivering electrical power.

According to this far-reaching definition, a building network defined via its network connection point contains at least one, but usually a large number of such previously defined electrical power units.

The electrical power units of a reserve unit represented by the building network, which are usually present as a large number in a building network, are divided into two groups for the purposes of the present invention, depending on their individual power consumption / output potential. If the power consumption / output potential is greater than or equal to two kilowatts, these electrical power units are referred to below as significant electrical power units. Significant electrical power units in connection with building networks are, for example, photovoltaic systems with a correspondingly high electrical power, building battery storage systems with a correspondingly high storage capacity, air conditioning systems and devices, heat pumps, thermal energy storage units, charging connection units for electric vehicles, ovens and electric water heaters. In the building networks of commercial enterprises, there are also a number of commercial systems and machines with a power consumption of more than two kilowatts as variants for significant electrical power units. Likewise, significant electrical power units in the form of small commercially or privately used combined heat and power units with an integrated power generator can be integrated in the building network.

In the significant electrical power units there is a subgroup which in the context of the present invention is to be referred to as so-called disposable significant power units. The concept of availability refers to the possibility of a To postpone the activation or deactivation time of the significant power unit without significant loss of comfort for one or more users of these power units in the building network and in this way to dispose of the power consumption or power output. The shift is usually in the range of a few minutes, five minutes may be mentioned purely by way of example. If a user connects his electric vehicle to the charging point of his building network for charging, it is not a problem for the user, given the usual charging times of many hours, if the charging process starts with a delay of around five minutes. The same applies to a heat pump or a thermal energy store. Such a time delay in the range of a few minutes is manageable for the user in view of the charging and discharging processes that regularly take many hours without a significant loss of ease of use of the building technology - therefore, these significant power units can be scheduled with regard to their electrical performance within a certain time frame and are subsequently considered to be significant Denotes power units.

The situation is different for significant electrical power units, for example in the form of air conditioning systems and devices, devices for generating hot water or baking ovens. Users of these significant electrical power units expect an immediate functional performance. You can't and don't want to wait five to ten minutes for the cooled air and / or warm water to arrive.

The boundary between disposable and non-disposable electrical power units is thus a subjective one that depends on specific user habits. On the statistical average, however, it is possible to predict with a high degree of probability which significant electrical power units would be classified as disposable and which would be classified as non-disposable in a time window of up to ten minutes from the predominant user perspective.

If the power consumption / output potential of electrical power units in the building network is less than two kilowatts, these electrical power units are referred to below as electrical small power units. This includes all consumers in building networks, in particular all light sources, all household appliances with a power consumption of less than two kilowatts such as most vacuum cleaners, hot water heaters, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, irons, all kinds of entertainment electronics, computers and so on. The consumption of these small electrical power units is recorded using statistical standard load profile curves.

It is important to emphasize that the term building network, which defines a defined number of electrical power units in the building network via the common network connection point, does not imply that all electrical power units must be located within a building of whatever type. Electrical power units that must be in the open anyway or are usually arranged there would be, for example, photovoltaic, water or wind energy systems. Illuminants or electrical power units designed as robotic lawn mowers, for example, can also be permanently positioned in the open air. Due to the common network connection point, these electrical power units are also assigned to a building network. It is also conceivable for a reserve unit that the assigned network connection point and electrical power units connected via this network connection point have no building at all. Ultimately, only the common network connection point is decisive, which defines the amount of electrical power units recorded in the connected electrical network. For the sake of simplicity, this electrical network is referred to as a building network, because in the vast majority of cases the electrical current meter unit, which is also necessary for the network connection point, is not located in the open air but in a building protected from the weather. This building can be so small that, in the extreme case, in the form of a meter connection column, it only houses the electrical power meter unit and all electrical power units of this building network with the meter connection column are arranged outdoors.

• • Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR=Primärregelleistung)
• • automated Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR=Sekundärregelleistung), oder
• • manual Frequency Restoration Reserve (mFRR=Minutenreserve).

In order to stabilize the network frequency, the transmission system operators need providers of positive and / or negative control power. Be it for negative and / or positive control reserve in the form of

• • Frequency containment reserve (FCR = primary control reserve)
• • automated Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR = secondary control power), or
• • Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve (mFRR = minute reserve).

From the DE 10 2015 201 085 A1 and from the DE 10 2017 106 465 A1 control methods for providing electrical control power for transmission networks and / or for providing an electrical energy market product are known. As part of this method, an analysis of reserve units in the form of controllable network nodes takes place, each of which has a building network, the electrical building network being defined in that it is connected to a transmission network for electrical energy via a common network connection point. In every electric In the building network, significant electrical power units with a power consumption greater than or equal to 2 kW are grouped. In addition, a leading operating point is continuously planned for each reserve unit by finding out the control power offered there through communication between a central control unit and local control units at the respective reserve units. A reserve group is aggregated from a plurality of the analyzed reserve units in order to hold control power for the transmission network at the coupling point.

The providers have to fulfill their control power offers reliably and with a very high probability in a predictable way. The same requirements for reliability and predictability apply to energy market products.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a control method for providing electrical control power for transmission networks and / or for providing an electrical energy market product that uses the electrical power potential of many different electrical power units in building networks in an optimized manner for reliable and predictable provision.

• • Analysieren einer Vielzahl von Reserveeinheiten, die jeweils ein elektrisches Gebäudenetz aufweisen und das elektrische Gebäudenetz dadurch definiert ist, dass es über einen gemeinsamen Netzanschlusspunkt an ein elektrisches Versorgernetz angeschlossen ist, wobei in jedem elektrischen Gebäudenetz gruppiert sind:
  • o signifikante elektrische Leistungseinheiten mit einem elektrischen Leistungsumsatz von jeweils mehr oder gleich 2kW und
  • o elektrische Klein-Leistungseinheiten mit einem elektrischen Leistungsumsatz von jeweils weniger als 2kW;
• • fortlaufendes Disponieren eines vorauseilenden Arbeitspunktes für jede Reserveeinheit, wobei ein Arbeitspunkt-Beitrag der signifikanten elektrischen Leistungseinheiten jeder Reserveeinheit mittels Daten-Kommunikation mit den signifikanten elektrischen Leistungseinheiten erfasst oder erfasst und gesteuert wird und wobei ein Arbeitspunkt-Beitrag durch die elektrischen Klein-Leistungseinheiten jeder Reserveeinheit mittels eines für die jeweilige Reserveeinheit Gebäudenetz-typischen Standardlastprofils einkalkuliert wird und
• • Aggregieren einer Mehrzahl aus der Vielzahl analysierter Reserveeinheiten zur Bildung einer Reservegruppe (RG) mit einem elektrischen Leistungspotential im Megawatt-Bereich unter Summierung der fortlaufend disponierten vorauseilenden Arbeitspunkte der aggregierten Reserveeinheiten.

This object is achieved by a control method for providing electrical control power for transmission networks and / or for providing an electrical energy market product with the following method steps:

• • Analysis of a large number of reserve units, each of which has an electrical building network and the electrical building network is defined by the fact that it is connected to an electrical supply network via a common network connection point, with the following being grouped in each electrical building network:
  • o significant electrical power units with an electrical power consumption of more than or equal to 2kW and
  • o small electrical power units with an electrical power consumption of less than 2kW each;
• • Continuous scheduling of a leading working point for each reserve unit, whereby an operating point contribution of the significant electrical power units of each reserve unit is recorded or recorded and controlled by means of data communication with the significant electrical power units and an operating point contribution from the small electrical power units of each reserve unit is calculated using a standard load profile typical of the building network for the respective reserve unit and
• • Aggregation of a plurality of the multitude of analyzed reserve units to form a reserve group ( RG ) with an electrical power potential in the megawatt range, adding up the continuously scheduled, leading working points of the aggregated reserve units.

For each of the reserve units analyzed, their individual mix of significant electrical power units and small electrical power units can be used together for the provision of electrical control power. This is done by combining the possibility of individual status analysis of the significant power units with the consideration of all small power units through the statistical approach of a building network-typical standard load profile. Typical building network refers to the specific design of the building as a single-family or multi-family house or as a small or medium-sized commercial enterprise. These standard load profiles are expected values of the electrical power consumption obtained through statistical averaging of hundreds of similar buildings, resolved over time over the course of common work and holiday scenarios. These standard load profiles of the small power units of a reserve unit are supplemented by the data communication with the significant electrical power units of the reserve unit. This means that, in addition to the expected standard load, which is dependent on the time of day, information is given as to what additional electrical power can be consumed or output by the reserve unit in a way that is beneficial to the network.

Individual reserve units in the form of building networks may in individual cases deviate upwards or downwards from the standard load profiles. However, these deviations are averaged out in the process step of aggregating a plurality of reserve units to form a reserve group with a power potential in the megawatt range (a few to many hundreds of megawatts). For the aggregation of such reserve groups, 500 to 10,000, preferably 5,000 to 100,000 reserve units in the form of building networks must be used regularly. The Federal Network Agency is currently allowing transmission system operators in Germany to contract four gigawatts of control power with providers of control power. With a control power potential of two kilowatts per reserve unit, this would be two million reserve units that would have to be aggregated. For the primary control reserve FCR, the transmission system operators are currently allowed to contract one gigawatt of control reserve.

The aggregation process step is dynamic. This means that individual reserve units are repeatedly added or removed from the aggregated quantity to form the reserve group. The reasons for this can be varied. The fact that significant electrical power units are not permanently 100% accessible in reserve groups via the Internet (an average Internet supply coverage of 98.5% is common) makes it necessary to replace reserve units that have already been aggregated with others in order to achieve the planned average Reliable and accurate provision of the leading working point. Furthermore, particularly extreme power consumptions requested by users of building networks, which are caused, for example, by extreme regional weather conditions, can lead to a number of building networks being substituted from the set of aggregated building networks. In general, the larger and the more regionally distributed the amount of aggregable reserve units, the more reliably and easily a reserve group with a sufficiently stable performance potential can be implemented.

In a preferred variant, the control method is developed in such a way that the leading operating point is controlled by means of data communication with disposable, significant electrical power units of the reserve units in such a way that the power potentials provided by the reserve unit are significantly influenced. A significant influence means an amount of at least 5%, preferably at least 10% of the power potential based on an individual reserve unit. At this point and below in the procedural scenario of providing control power, the concept of the power potential of a reserve unit or a reserve group means the control power potential. In the scenario of providing an energy market product, it is the electrical power potential for the energy market product. As explained in the introduction to the description, certain significant electrical power units in the building network can be scheduled from the users' point of view without sacrificing comfort. That means their power consumption or power output can be delayed by periods of a few to many minutes. According to the requirements of the transmission system operators in Germany, this is currently exactly five minutes. The control methods described here are, however, also suitable for meeting other requirements in minutes that are above or below the currently required five minutes. If this happens in your large number of building networks, this makes up a significant proportion of the respective performance potential of the reserve group. In this way it is possible to keep the performance potential made available by the reserve group for the transmission system operator constant in a reliable and predictable manner.

The preferred variant of the control method described above is advantageously developed in such a way that the power potential of the reserve group through the disposable, significant electrical power units of the reserve units by means of disposition times granted by users of the disposable significant electrical power units for fully or partially activating or deactivating the disposable significant electrical power units of the Reserve units is controlled. The controller can, as described above, be designed in such a way that the power potential of reserve units is significantly influenced. This is done with the purpose that, as a result, the sum of the power potentials provided by the reserve units, namely the power potential of the reserve group formed from the reserve units, is kept predictable. Alternatively, if required and in consultation with the transmission system operator or the recipient of the energy market product, the same route, i.e. An increase or reduction in the performance potential of the reserve group can be implemented via a control of the available significant performance units.

In all of the variants of the control method described above, it is also preferably provided that, through communication with the users of the disposable, significant electrical power units of the reserve units, the users allow disposition times during a period of use of the disposable, significant electrical power units. This one-time or multiple communication with the user regarding the granting of disposition times directly increases the control bandwidth for the performance potential of the respective reserve unit. This also applies indirectly to the reserve group if such disposition times have been granted for a sufficient number of significant electrical power units in a sufficient number of reserve units.

For all variants of the control method described above, it is preferably provided that the usage period corresponds to the service life of the disposable, significant electrical power units in the building network or that the usage period corresponds to a duration of less than one hour or less than 12, preferably 24 and particularly preferably 48 hours .

The usage period of a disposition time extending over the entire service life of the significant electrical power unit is for example, when purchasing a charging connection unit for an electric vehicle, this has been agreed with the user. This means that as long as the charging connection unit is used in the building network, which corresponds to its lifetime, the user has given his consent that a charging process of the electric vehicle initiated by him may be delayed by a few minutes, currently preferably at least five minutes or initially less than the maximum possible performance may be performed. The same applies to the acquisition of a significant electrical power unit in the form of a building battery storage system. As an alternative or in addition to this variant of the method, when purchasing a battery storage device, the user can also undertake that a percentage of the storage capacity of the battery storage device is preferably used for grid-related purposes. This also delays or accelerates the charging and discharging processes of the battery storage system in a way that is beneficial to the network for the purpose of stabilizing the transmission networks.

In a further development of all variants of the control method, it is provided that, in view of the disposition times allowed, the users are contacted with the request, if necessary, as to whether a change in the disposition time for individual disposable significant electrical power units may be made in return for remuneration. A one-time or permanent change in the disposition time can be requested. It is also conceivable that the remuneration is offered to the user similar to an auction with remuneration amounts that vary over time.

• • die Zusammensetzung der aggregierten Reserveeinheiten variiert wird und/oder
• • im Rahmen der eingeräumten Dispositionszeiten disponierbarer signifikanter elektrischer Leistungseinheiten aggregierter Reserveeinheiten das Leistungspotential der jeweiligen Reserveeinheit durch ein Steuern der disponierbaren signifikanten elektrischen Leistungseinheiten geregelt wird.

As already stated, a variant of the control method is characterized in that the performance potential of the reserve group is kept constant. This method is particularly preferably developed in that when the reserve units are aggregated to form the reserve group with the power potential in the megawatt range, the power potential is kept constant by

• • the composition of the aggregated reserve units is varied and / or
• • within the scope of the allocated scheduling times for disposable significant electrical power units of aggregated reserve units, the power potential of the respective reserve unit is regulated by controlling the disposable significant electrical power units.

A preferred advantageous development of all the control methods described above provides that a control system is used with which an exchange of information and control data between the control system and significant electrical power units of the reserve units is carried out on the basis of packet-switched and Internet-based data on the part of the reserve units and that an exchange of information and control data relating to the aggregated reserve group is carried out by the communication module in a process network of a transmission network operator using packet-switched process network data within the process network,
The control system is used to perform an intermediate conversion of packet-switched and Internet-based data arriving at the control system into serial data and the intermediate-converted serial data is converted into packet-switched process network data and is fed into the process network, and the control system is used to perform an intermediate conversion of packet-switched process networks arriving at the control system -Data is made into serial data and the intermediate converted serial data is converted into packet-switched Internet-based data and fed into the Internet.

Such a control system enables a particularly simple and inexpensive networking of a large number of reserve units, each with many electrical power units, to form a single reserve group. This control system is the subject of the international patent application WO 2019/141 313 A1 the same applicant. The principle of this control system is outlined again at this point. The German transmission system operators operate with process networks that are designed as closed user groups. Defined security requirements apply to internal and external communication from and to these process networks. It would be technically possible to equip every significant electrical power unit with a mobile radio module and to create a reliable status query and control of the significant electrical power unit from and to the process network in accordance with the requirements. However, the operating costs of thousands of cellular modules drive the costs up enormously. The control system mentioned was developed against this background. On the one hand, it enables packet-switched bi-directional data communication over the Internet with a large number of significant electrical power units, for example using secure https protocols. Within the control system, a hardware-related protocol change is forced through the use of a serial interface. On the output side, the serially converted communication data are forwarded in a packet-switched manner to the connected process network of the transmission network in a form that conforms to the requirements of the transmission network operator.

The control system thus forms a link between the public Internet connected reserve units with their significant electrical power units and the computers of a virtual control power plant connected via the non-public, secure process network. Measurement data and status data from every significant electrical power unit, for example in the form of a building battery, are sent to the responsible computer in the process network via the hardware of the control system. Conversely, control data, which contain control commands for the building batteries or other significant electrical power units, are only sent from the responsible computer in the process network to the building batteries on the Internet via the control system. In this way, the control method is advantageously developed in such a way that the intermediate conversion of packet-switched data into serial data is implemented by the control system using the hardware of the control system, which forces a communication protocol change in the data communication.

Furthermore, the control method is preferably operated with a correspondingly designed control system in such a way that the control system acts as a gateway between the process network of a transmission network operator and a reserve group aggregated from a plurality of reserve units.

Furthermore, the above control method is preferably designed such that the control system is used in such a way that this control system, integrated in the process network of a transmission network operator, can be prequalified and used as a reserve group from the perspective of the transmission network operator.

Parts of the hardware of the control system are integrated into the process network in such a way that they function as a virtual technical unit for the process network. These parts of the hardware are called customer premises equipment ( CPE ) qualified for the transmission network in such a way that the reserve group formed from aggregated reserve units can be used to provide control power for the transmission network or to provide an electrical energy market product. The control system, together with the reserve group, is recognized by the transmission system operator as a fully-fledged "classic" reserve group, although it is an aggregated pool of many small, individually non-prequalifiable or individually marketable electrical power units. The requirements for the customer premises equipment are explained in the publication "Minimum requirements for the information technology of the provider for the provision of control power" of the four German transmission system operators. This technical term is used by the transmission system operators to describe the end of the safe area of a control power plant for connecting a reserve unit or a reserve group. The customer premises equipment may only have a serial connection to the outside or to the reserve unit or reserve group in order to effectively prevent an Internet protocol through the "media break" enforced by the hardware. This means that the packet-switched communication is not simply continued from the Internet to the process network, but that communication takes place in between using a different protocol and medium. This media break necessarily requires the use of appropriate hardware, preferably in the form of the control system. This ensures that, despite this connection between the public Internet and the private process network, no unauthorized access to the process network can take place via the Internet.

In the present case, a serial interface means in particular a CCITT-V.24 interface or an EIA-RS-232 interface, because they make unauthorized access more difficult. Modern serial interfaces such as Ethernet, USB, Firewire, CAN bus are usually not referred to as serial interfaces and are not meant here either. Alternatively, an RS-485 interface can also be used as a serial interface.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the control system, the serial interface comprises at least two, four, eight or 16 data lines. Up to 24 data lines can be used as a reserve group RG functioning hardware units of the control system S. and in the customer premises area of the process network 4th Acting hardware units of the control system S. be used. One in the control system S. The communication module located there is preferably configured to set up one or more of the data lines for receiving and the remaining data lines for sending data. In other words, some data lines of the interface are used exclusively for receiving and the other data lines of the interface are used exclusively for sending. The use of different data lines for different transmission directions has the advantage that the data throughput can be maximized, for example, in the receiving direction, with ideally the theoretical maximum being able to be largely exhausted in practice.

The control system is advantageously configured via the communication module to dynamically select the data line via which data is sent. There is also a coupling processor in the control system preferably configured to dynamically select the data line over which data is sent. For example, the data lines provided for a specific transmission direction can be cycled through with each data transmission.

The serial interface is preferably designed for a transmission rate of more than 20,000, more than 50,000, more than 70,000 baud. In particular, a high-performance PCI network card (PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect) with a baud rate of 921,600 can be used.

While the control system, its use and the control method using such a control system can preferably be provided for the provision of control power in a transmission network, they can also be provided for the provision of other energy market products, e.g. Peak load blocks, off-peak individual hour blocks and peak load individual hour blocks, e.g. for participation in intraday trading.

• • Zugriff auf und Aktivierung von Software-Applikationen der akkreditierten elektrischen Leistungseinheiten der Reserveeinheit unter Einsatz persönlicher Zugangsdaten, die für einen automatisierten Zugriff des Computer-Programmproduktes auf die Software-Applikationen akkreditierter elektrischer Leistungseinheiten erforderlich und für diesen Zweck in Zugangsdaten-Speichermitteln des Computer-Programmproduktes vorgehalten sind und
• • Bilderfassung und Bildauswertung grafischer Darstellungen, die bei dem automatisierten Zugriff auf die Software-Applikationen der akkreditierten elektrischen Leistungseinheiten durch die Software-Applikationen generiert bereit stehen, wobei die Bildauswertung derart ausgebildet ist, Status-Daten der akkreditierten elektrischen Leistungseinheiten zu ermitteln und in einem Status-Datenspeicher zu speichern und/oder an eine Steuereinheit zu senden.

For a further variant of the control method described above, it is preferably provided that, in cooperation with at least one reserve unit, a computer program product is used for reading out status data of a plurality of electrical power units connected to the electrical building network in the reserve unit, each of these electrical power units has a software application assigned to it and thus become accredited electrical power units, the accredited electrical power units being selected from the group of significant electrical power units and the group of small electrical power units and the software applications of the accredited electrical power units on one digital terminal or on a plurality of digital terminals are installed or installable, wherein the computer program product has software means that, if they are on a Computer running, cause the computer to do the following:

• • Access to and activation of software applications of the accredited electrical power units of the reserve unit using personal access data which are required for automated access of the computer program product to the software applications of accredited electrical power units and for this purpose in access data storage means of the computer program product are held and
• • Image capture and image evaluation of graphic representations that are available in the automated access to the software applications of the accredited electrical power units generated by the software applications, the image evaluation being designed to determine status data of the accredited electrical power units and in a status -Save data memory and / or send to a control unit.

With the help of this computer program product, from the total set of electrical power units, those can be selected that allow status data to be read out via a software application assigned to them. This results in the subgroup of accreditable electrical power units. As expected, these will be predominantly significant electrical power units with power consumption and / or power output greater than or equal to two kilowatts. However, one or the other small electrical power units will also be there. In this way, accreditable electrical power units can be recorded with regard to their potential as power consumption and / or power output. This is particularly advantageous when some accredited power units have their own software application but do not offer an interface for remote querying of the status of the accredited electrical power unit. As a result, the computer program product used in the control method improves the reliability and predictability of the continuously scheduled working point of the aggregated reserve units.

In the German patent application DE 10 2019 101 082 A1 the same applicant describes in detail how the subgroup of the so-called accredited electrical power units can be formed within the electrical power units of a reserve group in the form of a building network through an overarching computer program product.

The control method is preferably developed using the computer program product described above in such a way that a component of the control system is used as the control unit. Alternatively, the control unit can also be located at the reserve unit level in a device accessible to the user. This on-site device then communicates the ascertained status data of the accredited electrical power units to the control system.

Furthermore, the control method is advantageously designed such that when the reserve units are aggregated, such reserve units are preferred which have a comparatively higher proportion of accredited electrical power units and / or disposable, significant electrical power units. A higher proportion of accredited and / or significant electrical power units increases the control bandwidth of the disposable power potential of the reserve unit. When such reserve units are aggregated, it is therefore easier to ensure, through the continuous scheduling of the operating point, that the performance potential of the reserve group formed remains sufficiently constant in the required provision time windows. The provision time windows differ depending on whether the provision of primary control power (FCR), secondary control power (aFRR) or minute reserve (mFRR) is required.

A preferred embodiment of the control method is described below purely by way of example with reference to the attached figures.

• 1 ein schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung des Funktionsprinzips des Steuerungsverfahrens unter Einsatz eines Steuersystems S und
• 2 Details zum Einsatz eines Computerprogrammproduktes zum Akkreditieren geeigneter elektrischer Leistungseinheiten innerhalb einer Reserveeinheit.

Show it:

• 1 a schematic illustration to explain the functional principle of the control method using a control system S. and
• 2 Details on the use of a computer program product for the accreditation of suitable electrical power units within a reserve unit.

1 shows a schematic representation of the functional principle of the control method using the control system S. . Each reserve unit shown here as a building RE1 , RE2 ... REx includes within their respective building network G via an associated network connection point NAP defined on a transmission network U.N. is connected, a variety of electrical power units. The reserve unit RE1 is shown enlarged as an example and shows the different electrical power units. On the one hand, this large number of electrical power units falls into the group of significant electrical power units L1.1 ... L1.n with an electrical power consumption of more than or equal to two kilowatts each. On the other hand are in the building network G the reserve unit RE1 the so-called small electrical power units L1.n + 1 ... L1.o available. These each have an electrical power consumption of less than two kilowatts. For the further reserve unit RE2 would become the first reserve unit RE1 corresponding detailed representation of the building network G with the significant electrical power units L2.1 ... L2.n and the small electrical power units L2.n + 1 ... L2.1.o. This designation of the electrical power units continues up to the reserve unit REx .

Furthermore, the building network G the reserve unit RE1 via a smart meter SM and an associated smart meter gateway SMGW , which must be certified in accordance with the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), to the external power grid and thus to the transmission network U.N. a transmission network operator UNB connected.

Another connection provides a connection to the reserve group via a DSL line, for example RE1 with the Internet 1 here. In practice there are preferably about 500 to 1000 such reserve units RE1 , RE2 ... REx via their respective connection to the Internet 1 in packet-switched data exchange with a control system S. . The control system S. forms a data gateway between the Internet 1 and a process network 4th of a transmission system operator UNB . In the process network 4th is the so-called customer premises equipment CPE arranged. From the point of view of the process network 4th of the transmission system operator UNB the large number of clustered reserve units is effective RE1 , RE2 ... REx on the control system S. are present like a reserve unit with a large capacity, the reserve group RG referred to as. It used to be used for the term such reserve groups RG the designation of a virtual technical unit is used. This reserve group RG can be on the side of the process network 4th as a virtual power plant VPP operated in a controlled manner, for example to provide control power for a transmission system operator UNB for frequency stabilization of a transmission network U.N. ready to provide. The transition from the domain of the Internet 1 into the domain of the specially secured process network 4th the transmission system operator UNB is carried out by hardware in the control system S. realized media break. This is realized through the use of a serial interface between the incoming packet-switched data communication and the outgoing packet-switched data communication and is visualized purely schematically by the double arrow.

• o signifikante elektrische Leistungseinheiten L1.1... L1.n; L2.1...L2.n;... Lx.1...Lx.n mit einem elektrischen Leistungsumsatz von jeweils mehr oder gleich 2kW und/oder
• o elektrische Klein-Leistungseinheiten L1.n+1... L1.o; L2.n+1...L2.o; Lx.n+1... Lx.o mit einem elektrischen Leistungsumsatz von jeweils weniger als 2kW.

The preferred variant of the control method described here by way of example provides, based on that in FIG 1 shown scenario that as a procedural step M1 the analysis of a plurality of reserve units is carried out RE1 ... REx , each of which has an electrical building network G and the electrical building network G is defined by the fact that it has a common network connection point NAP is connected to an electrical supply network, in each electrical building network G are grouped:

• o significant electrical power units L1.1 ... L1.n ; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n with an electrical power conversion of more than or equal to 2kW and / or
• o small electrical power units L1.n + 1 ... L1.o ; L2.n + 1 ... L2.o; Lx.n + 1 ... Lx.o with an electrical power consumption of less than 2kW each.

The process step then takes place M2 as the continuous scheduling of a leading operating point for each reserve unit RE1 ... REx , with an operating point contribution of the significant electrical power units L1.1 ... L1.n ; L2.1 ... L2. n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n of each reserve unit RE1 ... REx by means of data communication with the significant electrical power units L1.1 ... L1.n ; L2.1 ... L2.n, ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n is detected or detected and controlled and with an operating point contribution by the small electrical power units L1.n + 1 ... L1.o ; L2.n + 1 ... L2.o ...; Lx.n + 1 ... Lx.o of each reserve unit RE1 ... REx by means of one for the respective reserve unit RE1 ... REx Typical building network standard load profile is taken into account.

The process step continues M3 as aggregating a plurality of the plurality of analyzed reserve units RE1 ... REx to form a reserve group RG with a power potential in the megawatt range, adding up the continuously scheduled, leading working points of the aggregated reserve units RE1 ... REx . The physical location of the procedural steps M1 , M2 and M3 can at least partially in the control system S. lie. It is also conceivable that computers (not shown) of the process network 4th some or all of the procedural steps M1 , M2 and M3 carry out.

Such reserve groups formed by the control method RG can also be agglomerated. This is supposed to be done by the three points between the first reserve group RG and the other reserve group RG and by the second illustrated control system S. be clarified.

2 shows, purely by way of example, a schematic overview of the reserve unit RE1 with electrical power units contained therein L1.1 , L1.2 , ... L1.o that are the combination of the in 1 significant electrical power units shown L1.1 ... L1.n and the small electrical power units L1.n + 1 ... L1.o form. These electrical power units L1.1 , L1.2 , ... L1.o are within the reserve unit RE1 to an electrical building network G connected. The electrical building network G is via a network connection point NAP having a smart meter (not shown here) with an external transmission network U.N. of an electrical transmission system operator. The total number of electrical power units whose energy flows via the electrical network connection point NAP can be measured from or to the transmission network, ultimately defines the reserve unit RE1 . The technical unit becomes regular RE1 be in the form of a building, the electrical power units located therein L1.1 , L1.2 , ... L1.o Via an electrical smart meter called a house or building meter at the grid connection point NAP with the transmission network U.N. are connected. A subgroup of electrical power units of the total existing electrical power units L1.1 , L1.2 , ... L1.o each has a software application assigned to the specific electrical power units of the subgroup SA1 , SA2 ... SAp on. Each of the electrical sub-group power units with a software application assigned to it SA1 , SA2 ... SAp is hereinafter referred to as an accredited electrical power unit.

An electrical power unit designed as an electrical building energy store also has an additional computer ZC on, which is designed in particular to control the energy flows from and to the electrical building energy store.

Furthermore is a digital terminal DE shown in the form of a smartphone or tablet. This digital device DE has administrator-user rights with regard to the accredited electrical power units. It can be spatially either within the reserve unit RE1 or outside the reserve unit RE1 are located. As the digital terminal DE Has administrator rights for the accredited electrical power units, software applications are on its operating system SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp of the accredited electrical power units installed.

Unless the additional computer ZC The electrical power unit designed as an electrical building energy store offers a suitable operating system, can be used there cumulatively or as an alternative to the digital terminal DE the software applications SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp of the accredited electrical power units.

As a third variant, the software applications can be provided cumulatively or alternatively SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp of the accredited electrical power units on an external computer EC to be installed spatially outside the reserve unit RE1 is, however, for example via the Internet in a data connection with the reserve unit RE1 is in contact. This external computer EC can, for example, be part of the in 1 explained control system be formed.

On the device where the software applications SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp of the accredited performance units are installed, a computer program product is also installed, which with the software applications SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp interacts as described below. The software applications are presented here SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp both on the computer ZC of the electrical energy storage, as well as on the digital end device DE and the external computer EC Installed. However, one of the three installation options is sufficient to implement the functionality described below.

On the part of an administrator user of the reserve unit RE1 are during the installation of the computer program product CP the personal access data of the administrator user for the respective software applications SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp of the accredited electrical power units and in the access data storage means of the computer program product CP been saved. This enables the computer program product CP automated on the software applications SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp access the accredited electrical power units, activate them and then determine status data of the accredited electrical power units through image acquisition and image evaluation.

In the course of the 1 described process steps M1 , M2 and M3 of the control method explained by way of example can be carried out using the computer program product CP two further process steps are integrated: firstly, process step M4 as access to and activation of software applications SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp of the accredited electrical power units of the reserve unit RE1 using personal access data for automated access to the computer program product CP on the software applications SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp accredited electrical power units required and for this purpose in access data storage means of the computer program product CP are held up.

And the other process step M5 as image acquisition and image evaluation of graphic representations that are used with automated access to the software applications SA1 , SA2 , ... SAp of the accredited electrical power units generated by the software applications are available, the image evaluation being designed to determine status data of the accredited electrical power units and to store them in a status data memory and / or to a control unit SE to send.

In this way, status data of accredited electrical power units for each of the reserve units RE1 ... REx determined and at the process step M1 , the analysis of the reserve units RE1 ... REx , at process step M2 , the continuous scheduling of a leading working point for each reserve unit RE1 ... REs and the procedural step M3 , aggregating a plurality of the plurality of analyzed reserve units RE1 ... REx be taken into account.

List of reference symbols

L1.1, L1.2 ... L1.n

significant electrical power units of the reserve unit RE1

L1.n + 1, L1.n + 2 ... L1.o

small electrical power units of the reserve unit RE1

G

Building network of the reserve unit RE1

SM

Smart meter

SMGW

Smartmeter gateway

NAP

Grid connection point

U.N.

Transmission network

RE1, RE2, ... REx

Reserve units

RG

Reserve groups

VPP

virtual power plant

UNB

Transmission system operator

CPE

customer premises equipment

S.

Control system for the control process

SE

Control unit

CP

Computer program product

EC

external computer

ZC

additional computer

DE

digital terminal

SA1, SA2 ... SAp

Software applications of accredited power units of the reserve unit RE1

1

Internet

4th

Process network of a transmission system operator

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5

Process steps of the control process

Claims (14)

Control process for providing electrical control power for transmission networks and / or for providing an electrical energy market product with the following process steps: • Analyze (M1) a large number of reserve units (RE1 ... REx), each of which has an electrical building network (G) and the electrical building network (G) is defined by the fact that it is connected to an electrical supply network via a common network connection point (NAP) connected, whereby in each electrical building network (G) are grouped: o significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) with an electrical power conversion of more than or equal to 2kW and ◯ small electrical power units (L1.n + 1 ... L1.o; L2.n + 1 ... L2.o; Lx.n + 1 ... Lx.o) with an electrical power conversion of less than 2kW; • Continuous scheduling (M2) of a leading working point for each reserve unit (RE1 ... REx), with a working point contribution of the significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) of each reserve unit (RE1 ... REx) by means of data communication with the significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2. n, ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) is recorded or recorded and controlled and with an operating point contribution by the small electrical power units (L1.n + 1 ... L1.o; L2.n + 1 ... L2.o; ... Lx.n + 1 ... Lx.o) of each reserve unit (RE1 ... REx) using a standard load profile typical of the building network for the respective reserve unit (RE1 ... REx) will and • Aggregation (M3) of a plurality of the large number of analyzed reserve units (RE1 ... REx) to form a reserve group (RG) with a power potential in the megawatt range, adding up the continuously scheduled, leading working points of the aggregated reserve units (RE1 ... REx) . Control procedure according to Claim 1 characterized in that the leading working point by means of data communication with disposable, significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n ) of the reserve units (RE1..REx) is controlled in such a way that the power potentials provided by the reserve unit (RE1..REx) are significantly influenced. Control procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the power potential of the reserve group by the disposable, significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) the reserve units (RE1..REx) by means of users of the disposable significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) allotted disposition times for full or partial activation or deactivation of the disposable significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) of the Reserve units (RE1..REx) is controlled. Control procedure according to Claim 3 , characterized in that through communication with the users of the disposable, significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) the reserve units (RE1..REx) are given by the user disposition times during a period of use of the disposable significant electrical power units. Control procedure according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the period of use of the service life of the disposable, significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) im Building network or that the period of use corresponds to a duration of less than one hour or less than 48 hours. Control procedure according to Claim 5 , characterized in that, in view of the disposition times granted, the users are contacted with the request, if necessary, as to whether a change in the disposition time may be made for individual disposable significant electrical power units in exchange for remuneration. Control method according to one of the Claims 4 to 6th , characterized in that when the reserve units (RE1 ... REx) are aggregated to form the reserve group (RG) with the power potential in the megawatt range, the power potential is kept constant by • varying the composition of the aggregated reserve units (RE1 ... REx) and / or • significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) of aggregated reserve units that can be dispatched within the allocated disposition times (RE1 ... REx) the power potential of the respective reserve unit (RE1 ... REx) is regulated by controlling the disposable significant electrical power units. Control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control system (S) is used with which an exchange of information and control data between the control system (S) and significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2 .1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n) of the reserve units (RE1 ... REx) using packet-switched and Internet-based data on the reserve units (RE1 ... REx) side and that an exchange of information and control data relating to the aggregated reserve group (RG) is carried out by the communication module in a process network of a transmission network operator (UNB) using packet-switched process network data within the process network (4), with the control system (S) performing an intermediate conversion packet-switched and internet-based data arriving at the control system is converted into serial data and the intermediate converted serial data is converted into packet-switched process network data converted into the process network (4) and with the control system (S) an intermediate conversion of the packet-switched process network data arriving at the control system (S) into serial data and the intermediate converted serial data converted into packet-switched Internet-based data into the Internet (1) fed in. Control procedure according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the intermediate conversion of packet-switched data into serial data by the control system (S) is implemented by hardware of the control system (S) which forces a communication protocol change in the data communication. Control procedure according to Claim 9 , characterized in that the control system (S) is designed such that the control system (S) acts as a gateway between the process network (4) of a transmission system operator (UNB) and a reserve group (RE1 ... REx) aggregated from a plurality of reserve units (RE1 ... REx). RG) is operated. Control procedure according to Claim 10 , characterized in that the control system (S) is used set up such that this control system (S) integrated in the process network (4) of a transmission system operator (UNB) can be prequalified and used as a reserve group (RG) from the point of view of the transmission system operator (UNB). Control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in cooperation with at least one reserve unit (RE1), a computer program product (CP) for reading out status data from a plurality in the reserve unit (RE1) to the electrical building network (G) connected electrical power units (L1.1, L1.2, ... L1.o), is used, with a plurality of these electrical power units (L1.1, L1.2, ... L1.o) assigned to it Software application (SA1, SA2, ... SAp) and thus become accredited electrical power units, the accredited electrical power units being selected from the group of significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n) and the group of the small electrical power units (L1.n + 1 ... L1.o) and the software applications of the accredited electrical power units on a digital terminal (DE) or on a plurality of digital terminals inst are allied or installable, the computer program product (CP) having software means which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to carry out the following steps: Access to and activation (M4) of software applications (SA1 , SA2, ... SAp) of the accredited electrical power units of the reserve unit (RE1) using personal access data that is accredited for automated access of the computer program product (CP) to the software applications (SA1, SA2, ... SAp) electrical power units are required and are kept for this purpose in the access data storage means of the computer program product (CP) and • image acquisition and image evaluation (M5) graphic representations that are used during automated access to the software applications (SA1, SA2, ... SAp ) of the accredited electrical power units generated by the software applications are ready, the image evaluation in such a way It is designed to determine status data (SD) of the accredited electrical power units and to store them in a status data memory and / or to send them to a control unit (SE). Control procedure according to Claim 12 related to one of the Claims 8 to 11 , characterized in that a component of the control system (S) is used as the control unit (SE). Control procedure according to Claim 12 or 13 , characterized in that when aggregating the reserve units, reserve units (RE1 ... REx) are preferred which have a comparatively higher proportion of accredited electrical power units and / or disposable, significant electrical power units (L1.1 ... L1.n; L2.1 ... L2.n; ... Lx.1 ... Lx.n).

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