DE102019004932A1 - Process for the control and regulation of electrical energy flows - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposal is for a method for controlling and regulating electrical energy flows in which a target energy requirement from secondary consumers is determined, an actual energy supply from primary energy suppliers with at least one motor generator unit (1) and a rechargeable energy store (3) is recorded and by an energy manager (6) the primary-side energy suppliers are activated for the target / actual adjustment. The invention is characterized in that the consumers on the secondary side are divided into consumer groups according to their energy requirements, with a target energy request depending on the consumer group affiliation by the energy manager (6), a single operation, a mixed operation and / or a staggered operation are set, with the rechargeable in single operation Energy storage (3) is set as the sole energy supplier for a first consumer group, in mixed operation the rechargeable energy storage (3) and another energy source are used as energy suppliers for a second consumer group, and in staggered operation the rechargeable energy storage (3) and another energy source are used as energy suppliers delayed switching on of the consumers of a third consumer group can be set.

Description

The invention relates to a method for controlling and regulating electrical energy flows, in which a target energy requirement from secondary consumers is determined, an actual energy supply from primary energy suppliers is recorded, and the primary energy suppliers are activated by an energy manager for the target actual adjustment.

From the US 2015/0097437 A1 a microgrid system with several motor-generator units and a rechargeable electrical energy store is known. If necessary, the microgrid system can be supplemented by a photovoltaic and wind power plant. Each motor-generator unit is equipped with a turbo-compound system for generating electrical energy from the exhaust gas flow. The energy flows are controlled via an energy manager and the energy suppliers are activated / deactivated and activated. A first measure for reducing fuel consumption is that there are only as many motor-generator units provided as are required to cover the secondary load peaks. A second measure is that the motor-generator units are operated at a higher load. The excess supply of electrical energy is then diverted by the energy manager into the electrical energy storage. If, for example, a higher load is applied on the consumer side, the energy manager activates another motor-generator unit and releases additional energy from the electrical energy store during the run-up ramp. In this reference, a given secondary-side load is assumed and only the primary-side energy sources are considered. With regard to taking into account consumers on the secondary side, there is still potential for optimization here.

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method for controlling and regulating electrical energy flows with regard to taking into account consumers on the secondary side.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The refinements are presented in the subclaims.

The method according to the invention consists in that the secondary-side consumers are divided into consumer groups according to their energy requirements and, when a target energy request is made, the energy manager sets a single, mixed and / or staggered operation depending on the consumer group affiliation. In the case of single operation, the rechargeable energy store is set as the sole energy supplier for a first consumer group. The first consumer group therefore includes the devices that permanently require electrical energy. For example, in a ship application, these are ship and propeller automation. In mixed operation, the rechargeable energy store and another energy source, for example a motor-generator unit or wind turbine, are set as energy suppliers for a second consumer group. In staggered operation, the rechargeable energy store and a further energy source are set as energy suppliers when the consumers of a third consumer group are switched on with a delay. The central element of the invention is the primary use of the rechargeable energy store as an energy source. A further reduced number of motor-generator units with a corresponding reduction in fuel is advantageous. In quieter load times, the motor-generator unit takes over the reloading of the rechargeable energy store in preparation for higher load times.

To prevent deep discharge of the rechargeable energy store, its actual energy supply is compared with a limit value. In single mode, the rechargeable energy store is recharged by the motor-generator unit if the value falls below the limit. In mixed operation, if the value falls below the limit, a switch is made to a further energy source, for example a fuel cell. In staggered operation, the consumers of the third consumer group receive the energy one after the other when the limit value is undershot. The limit value, in turn, can be designed to be variable, for example, based on the weather data and a period of good weather, a photovoltaic system can make a higher energy contribution to recharging the rechargeable energy store.

In an addition, it is provided that the device-specific performance data of the consumers are read in when they are new and their changes over time are recorded, which enables predictive maintenance.

The energy from all primary-side energy sources is collected in the rechargeable energy store, so the system regulates itself via the energy balance of the rechargeable energy store. The energy manager in turn distributes the energy collected in this way depending on the consumer group when requested. This results in a harmonious energy image and a high degree of transparency in the energy flows. In an already existing system, the energy manager can be applied as a software-based solution at a later date. At For safety-critical systems, the energy manager can also be designed as a deterministic component, for example as a programmable logic controller.

• 1 ein Systemschaubild,
• 2 einen Programm-Ablaufplan des Hauptprogramms und
• 3A, B, C Unterprogramme

A preferred embodiment is shown in the figures. Show it:

• 1 a system diagram,
• 2 a program flow chart of the main program and
• 3A, B , C. Subroutines

The 1 shows a system diagram with primary-side energy suppliers, with an energy manager 6th and with consumers on the secondary side. The type of primary-side energy supplier and the type of secondary-side consumers depend on the respective configuration, for example the arrangement on a ship or a stationary application in a server park. The further description is given by way of example for a ship application. The primary energy supplier is a motor-generator unit 1 , a wind turbine 2 , a rechargeable energy storage device 3 , a photovoltaic system 4th and a fuel cell 5 shown. The secondary consumers are divided into three consumer groups based on their respective energy requirements. Consumers that have to be permanently supplied with energy become the consumer group 1 assigned. This includes all facilities that are required for the safe operation of the ship, for example the navigation, the entire emergency lighting or the control / regulation of the motor-generator units by means of an electronic motor control unit. The consumers with higher energy requirements become the consumer group 2 assigned, for example the entire ship automation. The consumer group 3 includes consumers that can be controlled in a staggered operation. Staggered operation is characterized by the fact that the individual consumers of the consumer group 3 energized either sequentially or sequentially with a dead time in between. In a ship application, these are, for example, the fuel and water treatment systems as well as the heating / ventilation system. Via the energy manager 6th the electrical energy flows from the primary-side energy suppliers to the secondary-side consumers are controlled / regulated. The communication between the individual components takes place via a data bus system, for example Ethernet, mode or CAN bus. A CAN bus is shown as an example in the figure 7th . Used by a consumer on the CAN bus 7th If a target energy request is set, the energy manager 6th based on the consumer group membership, a single, mixed and / or staggered operation is set. For example, in mixed operation, the energy manager 6th next to the rechargeable energy storage 3 via the CAN bus 7th an activation value to the electronic engine control unit for starting the engine-generator unit 1 transmitted.

The 2 Fig. 10 shows a program flow chart of the main program. At S1, the energy requirement E (SOLL) of the secondary consumers is read in and their consumer group membership is determined. At S2, a single, mixed and / or staggered operation is set based on the consumer group membership. For an energy request from the consumer group 1 (VGr1) is entered in the subprogram UP1 ( 3A) and for an energy request from the consumer group 2 (VGr2) in the subroutine UP2 ( 3B) branched. The two subroutines are described in conjunction with the respective figure. For an energy request from the consumer group 3 (VGr3) the program flow chart is continued at S3. If the case occurs that there is an energy request from all three consumer groups, the corresponding program sections are processed in parallel. The common feature is that the energy requirements primarily come from the rechargeable energy store ( 1 : 3) be met.

The further description is initially made for the case that an energy request from the consumer group 3 is determined by the energy manager. At S3, the state of charge E (ACTUAL) of the rechargeable energy store is read in and then checked at S4 whether the state of charge E (ACTUAL) is sufficient to meet the energy requirement E (TARGET). If this is not the case, query result S4: no, the energy manager switches to another energy source at S8, for example to the motor-generator unit. If the charge status of the rechargeable energy store is sufficient, a check is made at S5 to determine whether staggered operation is possible. If the test result is positive, the program branches to the subroutine UP3, which in conjunction with 3C is explained. If, on the other hand, staggered operation is not possible, it is checked at S6 whether the state of charge E (IST) of the rechargeable energy store has in the meantime fallen below a limit value GW. If the test result is negative, the consumer becomes the consumer group at S9 3 supplied with energy and branched back to point B. If, on the other hand, the state of charge of the rechargeable energy store is lower than the limit value GW, then at S7 the energy manager switches to another energy source. The query at S6 prevents the state of charge of the rechargeable energy store from being affected by a parallel energy supply to the third consumer group VGr3 and, for example, the first consumer group VG1 becomes smaller than a limit value GW. The program schedule is then ended.

In the 3A the subroutine UP1 is shown. The subroutine UP1 is always run through when there is a target energy request E (SOLL) from a consumer in the first consumer group VGr1. The consumer group VGr1 includes those devices that are essential for the safe operation of the ship in a ship application. The distinguishing feature is that these facilities are fully (100%) supplied from the rechargeable energy storage. The advantage of battery-backed systems, such as navigation, radio or radar, is that the emergency batteries can be dispensed with. Singular operation is set at S1. At S2 the state of charge E (IST) of the rechargeable energy store is detected and at S3 compared with a limit value GW. If the test result is positive, i.e. the state of charge is greater than the limit value GW, the energy is released to the consumer group VGr1 at S5 and a branch is made to point C. If, on the other hand, the state of charge E (IST) is less than the limit value GW, the motor-generator unit is activated by the energy manager at S4. The motor-generator unit then supplies the energy to the rechargeable energy store. After activating the motor-generator unit, you return to the main program of the 2 to point A.

In the 3B the subroutine UP2 is shown. The subroutine UP2 is always run through when a target energy request E (SOLL) of a consumer in the second consumer group VGr2 is present. To the consumer group 2 ship automation is one example. The distinguishing feature is that these devices receive up to 50% of the energy of the rechargeable energy storage device. Mixed operation is set at S1 and then the state of charge E (IST) of the rechargeable energy store is read in at S2. At S3 it is again checked whether the state of charge E (IST) of the rechargeable energy store is greater than a limit value GW. If this is the case, the program flow branches to S5. In step S5, the energy manager releases the energy from the rechargeable energy store to the consumer group VGr2 and branches off to point D. If, on the other hand, the state of charge E (IST) is less than the limit value GW, a switch is made to another energy source at S4 and a return to the main program takes place 2 to point A.

In the 3C the subroutine UP3 is shown. The subroutine UP3 is always run through when a target energy request E (SOLL) of a consumer of consumer group VGr3 is present and staggered operation is possible. To the consumer group 3 include those facilities whose operation is not required immediately after a request, for example the heating / ventilation system, a water treatment system and the so-called standby pumps. These devices receive up to 30% of the energy of the rechargeable energy storage. A characteristic of staggered operation is that a target energy request is not fulfilled immediately, but with a time delay and the requesting consumers are supplied with energy either sequentially or one after the other with a dead time in between. A second consumer is only supplied with energy after the end of the working cycle of a first consumer.

Staggered operation is set at S1, then the state of charge E (IST) of the rechargeable energy store is read in at S2 and compared with a limit value GW at S3. If this is greater than the limit value GW, the program part with steps S8 and S9 is run through. If, on the other hand, it was found at S3 that the state of charge E (IST) of the rechargeable energy store is insufficient, then at S4 a waiting time t1 is queried. The waiting time t1 corresponds to a maximum waiting time, after which the consumer must be activated, for example after five minutes. If this waiting time t1 has expired, query result S4: yes, and it was determined at S3 that the state of charge E (IST) of the rechargeable energy store is less than the limit value GW, then at S5 a switch is made to another energy source and at S6 the energy is transferred to the Unlocked consumers. If it was found at S4 that the waiting time t1 has not yet expired, query result S4: no, at S7 it is checked for consent. Consent means the following: If a consumer detects an immediate need for action based on his own sensors, he can withdraw his consent to wait or to delayed operation. In this case, the energy manager activates the consumer immediately. If, on the other hand, the consumer does not find any immediate need for action, he gives his consent to staggered operation. In addition, query S7 prevents the rechargeable energy store from being deeply discharged due to a parallel energy supply. If the consent to wait occurs, query result S7: yes, the program flow chart branches back to point E. Otherwise, a branch is made to point F and a switch is made to another energy source at S5. The energy for the consumer is then released at S6 and transferred to the main program 2 returned.

If it was found at S3 that the state of charge E (IST) of the rechargeable energy store is greater than the limit value GW, at S8 a time step t2 is queried as a waiting time. The Time stage t2 is used to avoid load peaks, i.e. when several consumers set a target energy requirement at the same time. If the time stage t2 has expired, the requesting consumer is supplied with energy at S6. If, on the other hand, time stage t2 is still running, query result S8: no, approval is checked at S9. In terms of content, step S9 corresponds to step S7, so that the previous description also applies here. If you agree to wait, query result S9: yes, the program flow chart branches back to point E. Otherwise, the energy for the consumer is released at S6 and is transferred to the main program of the 2 returned.

List of reference symbols

1

Motor generator unit

2

Wind turbine

3

rechargeable energy storage

4th

Photovoltaic system

5

Fuel cell

6th

Energy manager

7th

Data bus (CAN)

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 2015/0097437 A1 [0002]

Claims (8)

A method for controlling and regulating electrical energy flows in which a target energy requirement for secondary consumers is determined, an actual energy supply from primary energy suppliers with at least one motor-generator unit (1) and a rechargeable energy store (3) is recorded, and an energy manager (6) The primary-side energy suppliers are activated for the target / actual adjustment, characterized in that the secondary-side consumers are divided into consumer groups according to their energy requirements, and a single operation, mixed operation and / or staggered operation is set by the energy manager (6) when a target energy request is made depending on the consumer group affiliation are set, with the rechargeable energy store (3) being used as the sole energy supplier for a first consumer group in single operation, and the rechargeable energy store (3) and another energy source as a mixed operation Energy suppliers are set for a second consumer group and, in staggered operation, the rechargeable energy store (3) and another energy source are set as energy suppliers when the consumers of a third consumer group are switched on with a delay. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the actual energy supply of the rechargeable energy store (3) is compared with a limit value (GW) in single mode and the rechargeable energy store (3) is recharged by the motor-generator unit (1) if the limit value is not reached. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that, in mixed operation, the actual energy supply of the rechargeable energy store (3) is compared with a limit value (GW) and a switch is made to the further energy source if the limit value is not reached. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that, in staggered operation, the target energy requirement is compared with the actual energy supply of the rechargeable energy store (3) and if the limit value is not reached, the consumers of the third consumer group are switched on with a time delay and one after the other. Procedure according to Claim 4 , characterized in that a second consumer is only activated after the end of the working cycle of a first consumer. Procedure according to the Claims 2 to 5 , characterized in that the limit value (GW) for the rechargeable energy store (3) is set by the energy manager (6) as a function of the weather data. Procedure according to the Claims 2 to 5 , characterized in that the device-specific performance data of the consumers are read in when they are new and their change over time is recorded. Procedure according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the further procedure with regard to predictive maintenance is determined on the basis of the change over time.

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