DE102018220265A1 - End floor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an end base which has a first radius of curvature in a first region 90, the end base having a second radius of curvature in a second region 100, the end base having a third radius of curvature in a third region 110, the first region 90 the tube 10 borders, the third region 110 having the region orthogonal to the tube 10, the second region 100 being arranged between the first region 90 and the third region 110, the first radius of curvature, the second radius of curvature and the third radius of curvature after one new processes were constructed.

Description

The invention relates to a weight-optimized end floor.

An end floor closes a pipe. Many storage tanks or chemical reactors have end plates. These end floors are often realized in the form of bobbin-case floors, as described for example in DIN 28011. A dished bottom has two different radii of curvature, a large radius in the middle area and one by a factor in the edge area 10th smaller radius. But there are also other end floors, for example arched floors according to DIN 28013 or elliptically shaped end floors.

Even if these constructions lead to stable end floors, they still have a comparatively high weight, especially if these end floors have to withstand high pressure.

In addition, these end floors reduce the enclosed volume, especially in the edge area, and thus also reduce accessibility.

These problems occur in a military application, for example in the area of a pipe in a submarine. In addition to the normal pressure loads, there are also the requirements for the shock case, which mean extremely high loads. To meet shock resistance, structures are therefore regularly designed to be comparatively strong.

Bionics, for example, is used for further optimization. Such methods are known for example from DIN ISO 18459. In particular, the method of train triangles with a method for rounding the contour should be mentioned here. First, a first triangle with an angle of 45 ° is constructed. From its center, a circle is constructed with the center at the intersection of the first triangle with the wall and a connection between the center of the first triangle and the intersection of the circle with the wall is constructed. Then a third triangle is constructed again from the center of the second triangle created in this way. Then the construction resulting from these three triangles is rounded.

The object of the invention is to provide an end floor which, due to its stability, requires less wall thickness and is therefore lighter with the same compressive strength.

In addition, there is regularly the task of realizing inlets or outlets, in particular in the area of an end floor, that is to say openings through which material can be added or removed or control lines can also be laid inside the pipe. In addition, such entrances or exits can also be used for cleaning and / or maintenance purposes.

This object is achieved by the method with the features specified in claim 1 and by the end plate with the features specified in claim 4. Advantageous further developments result from the subclaims, the following description and the drawings.

1. a) Konstruieren eines ersten Dreiecks, wobei zwischen der ersten Tangente und der Rohrwand ein Winkel von 46 ° bis 60 °, bevorzugt 48 ° bis 55 °, ausgewählt wird
2. b) Konstruieren eines zweiten Dreiecks, wobei die zweite Tangente des zweiten Dreiecks durch die Schnittpunkte eines zweiten Kreises mit dem flachen Boden und der ersten Tangente konstruiert wird, wobei der zweite Kreis den Schnittpunkt zwischen der ersten Tangente und dem flachen Boden als Mittelpunkt und die halbe Länge der ersten Tangente als Radius des zweiten Kreises aufweist,
3. c) Konstruieren eines dritten Dreiecks, wobei die dritte Tangente des dritten Dreiecks durch die Schnittpunkte eines dritten Kreises mit dem flachen Boden und der zweiten Tangente konstruiert wird, wobei der dritte Kreis den Schnittpunkt zwischen der zweiten Tangente und dem flachen Boden als Mittelpunkt und die halbe Länge der zweiten Tangente als Radius des dritten Kreises aufweist,
4. d) Abrunden der sich aus den drei Tangenten ergebenden Verlaufs, wobei zum Abrunden drei unterschiedliche Radien verwendet werden, wobei zunächst
5. e) in einem zweiten Bereich ein Teil der ersten Tangente, die zweite Tangente und ein Teil der dritten Tangente abgerundet wird, wobei der sich durch die Abrundung ergebende zweite Kreisausschnitt mit einem zweiten Krümmungsradius an dem Schnittpunkt mit der ersten Tangente die gleiche Steigung wie die erste Tangente aufweist, wobei der sich durch die Abrundung ergebende zweite Kreisausschnitt mit einem zweiten Krümmungsradius an dem Schnittpunkt mit der dritten Tangente die gleiche Steigung wie die dritte Tangente aufweist,
6. f) in einem ersten Bereich zwischen dem Schnittpunkt der Abrundung im zweiten Bereich und der ersten Tangente sowie dem Rohr mit einem ersten Krümmungsradius, wobei der sich durch die Abrundung ergebende erste Kreisausschnitt mit dem ersten Krümmungsradius an dem Schnittpunkt mit der ersten Tangente die gleiche Steigung wie die erste Tangente aufweist, wobei der sich durch die Abrundung ergebende erste Kreisausschnitt mit dem ersten Krümmungsradius an dem Schnittpunkt mit dem Rohr die gleiche Steigung wie das Rohr aufweist,
7. g) in einem dritten Bereich zwischen dem Schnittpunkt der Abrundung im zweiten Bereich und der dritten Tangente sowie dem Mittelpunkt desflachen Boden mit einem dritten Krümmungsradius, wobei der sich durch die Abrundung ergebende dritte Kreisausschnitt mit dem dritten Krümmungsradius an dem Schnittpunkt mit der dritten Tangente die gleiche Steigung wie die dritte Tangente aufweist, wobei der sich durch die Abrundung ergebende dritte Kreisausschnitt mit dem dritten Krümmungsradius am Mittelpunkt des Endbodens die gleiche Steigung wie der flache Boden aufweist,
8. h) wobei der Endboden ausgehend von dem konstruierten Verlauf mit konstanter Materialdicke konstruiert wird.

The method according to the invention for determining a cross section of an end base is based on a tube and a flat base perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the method comprising the following steps:

1. a) constructing a first triangle, an angle of 46 ° to 60 °, preferably 48 ° to 55 °, being selected between the first tangent and the tube wall
2. b) constructing a second triangle, the second tangent of the second triangle being constructed by the intersection of a second circle with the flat bottom and the first tangent, the second circle being the intersection between the first tangent and the flat bottom as the center and half Has the length of the first tangent as the radius of the second circle,
3. c) constructing a third triangle, the third tangent of the third triangle being constructed by the intersection of a third circle with the flat bottom and the second tangent, the third circle being the intersection between the second tangent and the flat bottom as the center and half Has the length of the second tangent as the radius of the third circle,
4. d) Rounding off the course resulting from the three tangents, three different radii being used for rounding, initially
5. e) in a second area, a part of the first tangent, the second tangent and a part of the third tangent is rounded off, the second circular section resulting from the rounding having a second radius of curvature at the intersection with the first tangent being the same slope as the first Has a tangent, the second circular section resulting from the rounding having a second radius of curvature at the point of intersection with the third tangent having the same slope as the third tangent,
6. f) in a first area between the intersection of the rounding in the second area and the first tangent and the tube with a first radius of curvature, the first circular section resulting from the rounding having the first radius of curvature at the intersection with the first tangent having the same slope as has the first tangent, the first circular segment resulting from the rounding having the first radius of curvature at the point of intersection with the tube having the same slope as the tube,
7. g) in a third area between the intersection of the rounding in the second area and the third tangent and the center of the flat bottom with a third radius of curvature, the third circular section resulting from the rounding having the third radius of curvature being the same at the intersection with the third tangent Incline as the third tangent, the third circular section resulting from the rounding with the third radius of curvature at the center of the end base having the same incline as the flat base,
8. h) whereby the end floor is constructed based on the designed course with a constant material thickness.

The flat bottom, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube, is not a real bottom, it only serves as a theoretical starting point. With a round cross-section, the flat bottom corresponds to the circular area on the bottom or top of the cylinder. The flat bottom must be at right angles to the pipe so that the center of the end point has exactly this slope and thus each half of the end bottom has exactly 90 °.

A pipe in the sense of the invention is a body which has a longitudinal direction and a wall running in the longitudinal direction on the outside. A tube preferably has an oval, in particular a round (circular) or an elliptical, cross section. The cross section does not have to be constant over the entire length of the tube. For example, the diameter of a round cross section can be varied with the length. A tube with a round cross section is also referred to as the outer surface of a cylinder. A tube with an elliptical cross section is also referred to as the outer surface of an elliptical cylinder.

The tube and thus the end base preferably have rotational symmetry and / or mirror symmetry. It is therefore sufficient to calculate one half of the cross section. The opposite side results from mirroring on the axis of symmetry or the point of symmetry.

If the tube and thus the end plate have an oval, but not round cross-section, then the end plate, for example, can only be determined by the method in a limited number of cross-sections. In order to reduce computing effort, the run of the end plate is interpolated between these calculated courses. For example, only four half cross sections are calculated accordingly, which are each arranged at right angles to one another.

The advantage of the end floor constructed in this way is a 1.4% lower weight with a 23% reduction in tension at an angle of 54 °. Thus, the wall thickness can be further reduced with the same dielectric strength, whereby further weight can be reduced. In addition, the interior volume is increased due to the steeper starting angle.

The method shown leads to a bottom shape that cannot be represented by a simple ellipse or circular equation.

The end plate can be used, for example, and in particular for producing storage, reaction and pressure containers for gaseous and liquid substances. The end plate can particularly preferably be used to produce pipes which are carried out by a pressure body, for example and in particular for use in submarines.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the tube is closed at both ends by an end base according to the invention.

In an alternative embodiment, the tube is closed at one end by an end base according to the invention and has an openable cover at the other end.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the angle between the first tangent and the tube wall is selected between 51 ° and 57 ° in step a).

In a further embodiment of the invention, the angle between the first tangent and the tube wall is selected between 53 ° and 55 ° in step a).

In a further aspect, the invention relates to an end base, the end base having a first radius of curvature in a first region, a second radius of curvature in a second region and a third radius of curvature in a third region. The end of the first area facing away from the second area borders the tube, the end of the third area facing away from the second area has the area orthogonal to the tube, and the second area is arranged between the first area and the third area. The first radius of curvature, the second radius of curvature and the third radius of curvature were constructed using the method according to the invention.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a watercraft with a pipe and an end floor according to the invention. The watercraft is preferably a submarine.

Of course, the end plate according to the invention can also be used in other areas, for example in storage tanks or chemical reactors.

• 1 Verfahren zur Festlegung eines Querschnitts

The method according to the invention and the end plate are explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings.

• 1 Procedure for determining a cross section

The figures show the definition of a cross section only schematically and not exactly and to scale.

In 1 the procedure is shown step by step. In 1a you start with the pipe 10th and the flat bottom 20th . It becomes a first tangent 30th placed at an angle of 54 °, as in 1b shown. Next is the center of the first tangent 30th identified and a circle from the intersection of the first tangent 30th with the flat bottom 20th with the radius from the intersection of the first tangent 30th with the flat bottom 20th to the center of the first tangent 30th constructed. From the intersection of this circle with the flat bottom 20th and the first tangent 30th the second tangent results 40 in 1d . Analog is in 1e constructed another circle, from whose intersection points the third tangent 50 results. To round off, there is now a second area 100 which to a first area 90 and a third area 110 adjacent. In 1f is also the axis of rotation of the tube or the central axis 80 shown. The transition from the first area to the second area 60 and the transition from second area to third area 70 result from the points at which the rounding is tangent to the first tangent 30th and the third tangent 50 meets. This then results in the constructed course 120 which is on the central axis 80 tangential to the flat floor 20th runs. 1h shows only the constructed course 120 without specifying a cross section through the three triangles. Taking into account the wall thickness results in 1i the end plate, which by rotation around the axis of rotation of the tube 80 can be formed in all three dimensions.

Reference symbol list

10th

pipe

20th

flat floor

30th

first tangent

40

second tangent

50

third tangent

60

Transition from first area to second area

70

Transition from second area to third area

80

Axis of rotation of the tube, central axis

90

first area

100

second area

110

third area

120

constructed course

Claims (6)

A method for determining a cross-section of an end base starting from a tube (10) and a flat base (20) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube (10), the method comprising the following steps: a) constructing a first triangle, between the first tangent (30) and the tube wall an angle of 48 ° to 60 ° is selected, b) constructing a second triangle, the second tangent (40) of the second triangle through the intersection of a second circle with the flat bottom (20) and the first Tangent (30) is constructed, the second circle having the intersection between the first tangent (30) and the flat bottom (20) as the center and half the length of the first tangent (30) as the radius of the second circle, c) constructing one third triangle, the third tangent (50) of the third triangle being constructed by the intersections of a third circle with the flat bottom (20) and the second tangent (40), the d ritte circle has the intersection between the second tangent (40) and the flat bottom (20) as the center and half the length of the second tangent (40) as the radius of the third circle, d) rounding off the course resulting from the three tangents, whereby three different radii are used for rounding, initially e) a part of the first tangent (30), the second tangent (40) and a part of the third tangent (50) are rounded off in a second region (100), the second circular section resulting from the rounding having a second radius of curvature the intersection with the first tangent (30) has the same slope as the first tangent (30), the second circular segment resulting from the rounding having a second radius of curvature at the intersection with the third tangent (50) having the same slope as the third Tangent (50), f) in a first area (90) between the intersection of the rounding in the second area (100) and the first tangent (30) and the tube (10) with a first radius of curvature, which is due to the rounding Resulting first circular section with the first radius of curvature at the intersection with the first tangent (30) has the same slope as the first tangent (30), which result from the rounding de first circular section with the first radius of curvature at the intersection with the tube (10) has the same slope as the tube (10), g) in a third region (110) between the intersection of the rounding in the second region (100) and the third Tangent (50) and the center of the flat bottom (20) with a third radius of curvature, the third circular segment resulting from the rounding with the third radius of curvature at the intersection with the third tangent (50) having the same slope as the third tangent (50 ), whereby the third circular section with the third radius of curvature resulting from the rounding at the center of the end base has the same slope as the flat base (20), h) the end base is constructed on the basis of the constructed course (120) with a constant material thickness . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step a) the angle between the first tangent (30) and the tube wall is selected between 51 ° and 57 °. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step a) the angle between the first tangent (30) and the tube wall is selected between 53 ° and 55 °. End plate, the end plate having a first radius of curvature in a first region (90), the end plate having a second radius of curvature in a second region (100), the end plate having a third radius of curvature in a third region (110), this being the end of the first region (90) facing away from the second region (100) adjoins the tube (10), the end of the third region (110) facing away from the second region (100) having the region orthogonal to the tube (10), the second Region (100) between the first region (90) and the third region (110) is arranged, wherein the first radius of curvature, the second radius of curvature and the third radius of curvature were constructed according to the method according to any one of the preceding claims. Watercraft with a pipe (10) and an end floor Claim 4 . Watercraft after Claim 5 , characterized in that the watercraft is a submarine.

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