DE102018126329A1 - Method for aligning a virtual image element and head-up display for imaging a virtual image element - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for aligning a virtual image element, a head-up display for imaging a virtual image element and a vehicle with such a head-up display. A virtual image element, which is imaged by means of the head-up display in an image plane of an imaging area of the head-up display, is displayed on a real object by a driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, in the imaging area of the head-up display perceptible is aligned. A position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display is determined. Furthermore, at least one correction parameter is determined as a function of an orientation of the virtual image element to be imaged relative to a direction in the image plane in the imaging area of the head-up display that is predetermined by an anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display. The virtual image element to be imaged is displayed by means of an imaging display device of the head-up display at a display position on the display device which depends on the determined position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display and the at least one correction parameter.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for aligning a virtual image element, which is imaged by means of a head-up display in an image plane of an imaging area of the head-up display, on a real object, which is driven by a driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle Imaging area of the head-up display is perceptible, a head-up display for imaging a virtual image element and a vehicle with such a head-up display.

Display systems, so-called head-up displays, are known from the prior art, which enable a driver of a vehicle to project information into his field of vision. For example, operating information of the vehicle, such as the speed of the vehicle, the configuration of a climate system, the configuration of a multimedia system and / or navigation instructions, can be made visible to the driver without having to take his eyes off the road, which has a positive effect on operational safety affects.

The information is usually projected onto the windshield of the vehicle by a display device of the display system by means of an optical arrangement which contains, for example, one or more mirrors and / or lenses, so that the information can be perceived by the driver as a virtual image in the area of the road . The aim is to compensate for any imaging errors that could occur due to the curvature of the windshield in the form of distortions in the virtual image, so that the driver is shown a distortion-free image.

Since such objects can be used to display virtual objects that overlay real objects in the driver's field of vision, augmented reality can also be referred to in this context. The position of the virtual objects to be displayed in the field of view is generally calculated on the basis of a predetermined virtual image distance between the virtual object and the driver.

In the patent application US 2017/0169612 A1 describe an augmented reality alignment system and method that can be used to correct alignment errors and distortions. A number of dynamic and static error factors are taken into account in real time, so that a graphic image, when it is projected, can essentially be aligned with a real target. The error factors are corrected by individual curvature maps that are applied to the entire image.

The object of the present invention is to further improve the projection of virtual image contents into the field of vision of a driver. In particular, it is an object of the invention to increase the coherence between the projected virtual image content and a real object in the driver's field of vision.

This object is achieved in accordance with the teaching of the independent claims. Various embodiments and developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a method for aligning a virtual image element, which is imaged by means of a head-up display in an image plane of an imaging area of the head-up display, to a real object by a driver of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle is perceptible in the imaging area of the head-up display, comprising: (i) determining a position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display; (ii) determining at least one correction parameter as a function of an orientation of the virtual image element to be imaged relative to a direction in the image plane in the imaging region of the head-up display which is predetermined by an anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display; and (iii) displaying the virtual image element to be imaged by means of an imaging display device of the head-up display at a display position on the display device which depends on the determined position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display and the at least one correction parameter.

Displaying the virtual image element to be imaged at a display position on the display device, which is dependent on the at least one correction parameter, enables errors in the imaging by the head-up display, which are caused in particular by an anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display be corrected or at least reduced selectively or selectively using a single image element (for example a line in the overall image). For this purpose, it is in particular not necessary to adapt the virtual image element or even an entire virtual environment displayed by the display device to imaging properties of the head-up display by means of special, possibly computing-intensive, transformations.

For example, an offset of the virtual control element in the image plane of the imaging area of the head-up display, preferably corresponding to the driver's field of vision, due to different focal lengths, for example one each To compensate for a focal length corresponding to a sagital plane and a meridional plane of the head-up display, the position of the virtual image element to be projected can be selectively shifted as a function of the correction parameter. In this way, for example, a congruent alignment of the virtual image element on the real object, for example a vehicle in front, can be achieved. In the image plane of the imaging area of the head-up display, horizontally extending image elements can be shifted approximately horizontally on the imaging device, whereas vertically extending image elements can be shifted vertically.

This makes it e.g. possible to at least reduce, in particular to compensate, shifts in the virtual image element perceived by the driver caused by astigmatism.

Such an astigmatism can occur, for example, when using free-form mirrors without symmetrical curvature in an imaging device of the head-up display. As a result, different focal lengths result for the imaging of image elements that have an expansion along the sagital or meridional plane of the head-up display. If these image elements are all imaged in the same virtual image spacing, the driver's perception is blurred.

Overall, the invention enables an improvement in the mapping of virtual image content in the field of vision of a driver. In particular, the invention enables virtual image elements to be represented, at least essentially, in a particularly congruent manner with real objects in the driver's field of vision, and thus to create a particularly coherent, expanded reality.

Preferred embodiments of the invention and their developments are described below, each of which, as far as this is not expressly excluded or technically impossible, can be combined with one another as desired and with the other aspects of the invention described below.

In some embodiments, the display position on the display device on which the virtual image element to be displayed is displayed, taking into account a virtual image distance between the image plane in the imaging area of the head-up display corrected by means of the at least one correction parameter and an observer position from which the real one Object is perceptible by the driver. The observer position, for example a so-called eyebox, in which the driver's eyes presumably lie when using the head-up display, is preferably predetermined, for example due to the design of the head-up display or an imaging device for the head-up Displays. The head-up display or the imaging device can, for example, have one or more lenses and / or mirrors for projecting the image element displayed by the display device onto a projection surface, for example the windshield of the vehicle, which determine the observer position. The virtual image distance resulting from a predetermined observer position is preferably corrected, in particular lengthened or shortened, by means of the correction parameter. As a result, different focal lengths of the head-up display or the imaging device in different directions with respect to the image plane can be taken into account in order to image the virtual image element, which can then be perceived by the driver as particularly sharp or correctly aligned with the real object.

In some embodiments, the at least one correction parameter is additionally determined as a function of the determined position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display. Different correction parameters for correcting the display position of the virtual control element to be displayed can be provided on the display device for different positions of the real object in the formation area of the head-up display. It can thereby be taken into account that the offset of the virtual control element caused by the astigmatism of the head-up display or the imaging device in the driver's perception varies with the display position in the image plane of the imaging area of the head-up display. In a central area of the image plane, in particular where the image plane intersects the optical axis of the head-up display, the astigmatism-related offset of the virtual image element can be less pronounced, for example, than at an edge of the image plane. The driver can thus be shown a superimposed virtual image element coherent with the real object in the entire imaging area of the head-up display.

In some embodiments, an eye position of the driver is determined relative to a projection surface, such as a windshield of the vehicle, onto which the image element displayed by the display device is projected. The correction parameter is preferably also determined as a function of the determined eye position. As a result, imaging errors caused by anisotropic imaging properties of the head-up display can also occur for different ones Driver can be corrected reliably or at least reduced.

For example, it is conceivable for the current driver to select an observer position that corresponds to the driver's eye position from a plurality of possible observer positions. The driver can make the selection manually, for example based on his height. Alternatively, the selection can be made automatically based on an identity of the driver, for example if the driver, e.g. via a user interface, identified in the vehicle or identified by sensors.

Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the driver's eye position is sensed, for example by means of a camera that monitors the interior of the vehicle. Using known eye tracking algorithms, both the observer position and the viewing direction can be derived from corresponding sensor data and the correction parameter can be determined accordingly. This allows a particularly effective compensation of the anisotropic imaging properties of the head-up display.

In some embodiments, the at least one correction parameter is determined from a database in which at least two correction parameter values are associated with different positions of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display and / or each eye position of the driver relative to the projection surface. The database can contain, for example, a lookup table in which positions of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display and / or driver's eye position relative to the projection surface are linked to one another with the correction parameter values. Depending on the determined position of the real object and / or the determined eye position of the driver, the correction parameter can be determined particularly quickly, in particular in real time.

In some embodiments, one of the at least two correction parameter values for correcting the display position of the virtual picture element in a sagittal plane of an imaging device, in particular a projection arrangement, of the head-up display and another of the at least two correction parameter values for correcting the display position of the virtual picture element is in a meridional level of the imaging device of the head-up display is provided. Despite an astigmatism of the head-up display, the virtual image element can then be aligned particularly precisely with the real object.

The correction parameter values in the database are preferably linked to the positions of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display in such a way that the correction parameter values for sagittal position correction become increasingly larger as the positions of the real object increase with the distance between the corresponding positions in the image plane and the sagittal plane will. Accordingly, positions of the real object are assigned increasingly larger correction parameter values for a meridional position correction with increasing distance between the corresponding positions in the image plane from the meridional plane.

In addition, it is also conceivable to provide correction parameter values in the database, each of which is averaged from one of the correction parameter values for a sagittal position correction and one of the correction parameters for a meridional position correction. Such an averaged correction parameter value can be used, for example, to correct the display position of the virtual image element displayed on the display device if the virtual image element components are both parallel to the sagittal plane and parallel to the meridional plane, i.e. has a so-called mixed geometry.

In some embodiments, one of the at least two correction parameter values is selected as a function of the orientation of the virtual image element to be projected relative to the direction in the image plane in the imaging area of the head-up display that is predetermined by the optical property of the head-up display. If the virtual image element is, for example, a line that runs at least substantially parallel to the sagittal plane of the imaging device of the head-up display, a correction parameter value is preferably selected for the sagittal position correction of the virtual image element, while for a line that at least in the Runs essentially parallel to the meridional plane of the imaging device of the head-up display, preferably a correction parameter value is selected for the meridional position correction of the virtual picture element. Accordingly, a virtual image element with, at least the predominant, sagittal part, i.e. which runs at least substantially parallel to the sagittal plane, for example, can be shifted horizontally on the display device, while a virtual image element with, at least a predominant, meridional portion can, for example, be shifted vertically on the display device. This enables simple and reliable correction of astigmatism.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of: collecting medical data of the driver that characterize his vision. The at least one correction parameter additionally determined as a function of the acquired medical data. The medical data can in this case be sensed or called up on the basis of an identification of the driver from a corresponding user database. In this way, for example, a curvature of the cornea can be taken into account when determining the correction parameter. Accordingly, a particularly high degree of coherence between the real object and the virtual image element depicted can be achieved.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a head-up display for imaging a virtual image element in an image plane of an imaging area of the head-up display, which has a display device and is set up to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.

The display device is preferably set up to display the virtual image element to be imaged, in particular at the determined display position. The display device can be designed, for example, as a screen or display and / or can have individually controllable pixels. The pixels can in particular be controlled, in particular selected, as a function of the determined position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display and the at least one determined correction parameter for displaying the virtual image element to be imaged.

In some embodiments, the head-up display also has an imaging device, in particular a projection device, for projecting the virtual image element to be imaged onto a projection surface, for example a windshield of the vehicle. The imaging device can have, for example, one or more lenses and / or one or more mirrors which, preferably in conjunction with the projection surface, are set up to image the virtual image element displayed on the display device in the image plane in the display area of the head-up display.

The head-up display can also have a control device which is set up to control the display device for displaying the virtual image element at the display position. If necessary, the control device can also be set up for the display position at which the virtual image element on the display device 3rd to be displayed. For this purpose, the control device can have access to a database in which correction parameter values are stored. The control device preferably determines, in particular calculates, the display position, taking into account a predetermined image distance, which is corrected by the at least one correction parameter.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with a head-up display according to the second aspect of the invention.

The features and advantages explained in relation to the first aspect of the invention also apply accordingly to the further aspects of the invention and vice versa.

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the present invention result from the following detailed description in connection with the figures.

• 1 schematisch eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Head-up-Display;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Ausrichtung eines in einer Bildebene eines Abbildungsbereichs eines Head-up-Displays abgebildeten virtuellen Bildelements an einem realen Objekt im Abbildungsbereich;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung von virtuellen Bildelementen; und
• 4 ein Flussdiagramm zur Veranschaulichung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.

It shows

• 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention with a head-up display according to the invention;
• 2nd a schematic representation of the alignment of a virtual image element imaged in an image plane of an imaging area of a head-up display with a real object in the imaging area;
• 3rd a schematic representation of virtual picture elements; and
• 4th a flowchart to illustrate a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.

The same reference numbers are used throughout the figures for the same or corresponding elements of the invention.

1 shows a preferred embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention 1 with a head-up display according to the invention 2nd which is used to display a virtual image element in an image plane of an imaging area of the head-up display 2nd is set up and an imaging display device 3rd , such as a screen, and an imaging device 4th , for example with one or more lenses (not shown) and / or one or more mirrors 4a , 4b , in particular free-form mirrors. A control device 5 of the head-up display 2nd is set up the display device 3rd to control the display of the virtual picture element to be displayed, in particular the display position of the virtual picture element when displayed on the display device 3rd to determine. The control device controls 5 the display device 3rd preferably depending on a position of a real object (not shown) in the imaging area of the head-up display 2nd , in the preferably from a sensor device 6 of the vehicle 1 is determined.

That on the display device 3rd at the instigation of the control facility 5 displayed virtual image element is via the imaging device 4th on a projection screen 7 , such as the vehicle's windshield 1 or a transparent pane arranged in front of the windshield. The reflection of the on the screen 7 projected virtual picture element can be from a driver 8th of the vehicle 1 , especially in a so-called eyebox 9 defined area, visually captured. The eyebox 9 therefore preferably corresponds to an observer position 11 out of which the driver 8th that on the display device 3rd displayed virtual image element as an image in an image plane in the imaging area of the head-up display 2nd perceives. The ray path S the image of the virtual picture element is in 1 schematically indicated as a dashed line.

The head-up display in the image plane of the imaging area 2nd virtual image element shown on one, in particular by the sensor device 6 real object in the imaging area and thus, for example, a coherent augmented reality for the driver 8th is to generate the control device 5 preferably set up to determine at least one correction parameter, taking the display device into account 3rd controlled, in particular the display position of the virtual image element to be displayed on the display device 3rd is determined. The at least one correction parameter is dependent on an orientation of the virtual image element to be imaged relative to a direction in the image plane in the imaging area of the head-up display 2nd determined, the direction by an anisotropic imaging property such as an astigmatism of the head-up display 2nd , especially the imaging facility 4th , like a mirror 4a , 4b , is specified.

The direction can be, for example, through a sagittal plane of the head-up display 2nd or the imaging facility 4th in which the head-up display 2nd or the imaging facility 4th has a first focal length, be predetermined or defined. Alternatively, the direction can also be through a meridional plane of the head-up display 2nd or the imaging facility 4th in which the head-up display 2nd or the imaging facility 4th has a second focal length that is different from the first focal length, be predetermined or defined.

The control device intervenes to determine the at least one correction parameter 5 preferably to a database 10th too, which is also part of the head-up display 2nd , in particular part of the control device 5 , can be. Database 10th preferably contains at least two correction parameter values for different eyeboxes 9 and / or for different possible positions of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display 2nd . For example, one of the at least two correction parameter values can be used to correct a display position of the virtual image element to be displayed on the display device 3rd regarding the sagittal plane of the head-up display 2nd and another of the at least two correction parameter values for correcting a display position of the virtual image element to be imaged on the display device 3rd the head-up display with regard to the meridional level 2nd be provided. In particular, one of the correction parameters can be provided for determining a corrected image distance for imaging a virtual image element that runs at least substantially parallel to the sagittal plane. Correspondingly, another of the correction parameters for determining a corrected image distance for imaging a virtual image element that runs at least substantially parallel to the meridional plane can be provided.

The control device 5 can, for example, an original position on the display device 3rd determine that with the determined position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display 2nd corresponds. The virtual image element to be imaged extends, for example, primarily parallel to the sagittal plane of the head-up display 2nd , the original position can be determined from the correction parameter value on the display device 3rd corrected with respect to the sagittal plane, ie shifted parallel to the sagittal plane, for example, the corresponding correction parameter value being based on the determined position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display 2nd from the database 10th is determined.

2nd shows a schematic representation of the orientation of one in an image plane 14 an imaging area A a virtual image element depicted in a head-up display 15 on a real object 13 in the imaging area A .

The virtual picture element 15 is projected from the head-up display onto a projection surface (see 1 ) so that the driver uses the virtual picture element 15 from an observer position 11 out, for example, through an eye position 12th within an eyebox 9 is defined in the image plane 14 in the picture distance B perceives. The real object 13 , such as a vehicle in front, which is at a target distance Z. to the eye position 12th is usually not on the optical axis X of the head-up display or an imaging device of the head-up display, but points an axis offset Δ on. The depicted virtual picture element must accordingly 15 for alignment with the real object 13 in the image plane 14 also by an image offset Δ _B relative to the optical axis X be moved to a position where the image plane is 14 with the line of sight 13a between the real object 13 and the eye position 12th cuts.

To the virtual picture element 15 at the corresponding position in the image plane 14 can map based on the image distance B , which is fixed in conventional head-up displays, and the location of the real object 13 , ie especially the target distance Z. and the axis offset Δ , a display position can be determined on a display device of the head-up display, on which the virtual image element to be imaged 15 is to be displayed for projection onto the projection surface so that the driver reproduces the image element 15 at the desired position in the image plane 14 perceives.

The orientation of the virtual image element shown 15 on the real object 13 To further improve, an anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display or the imaging device can be taken into account when determining the display position on the display device or the relationship between an orientation of the virtual picture element 15 and a direction in the image plane predetermined by the anisotropic imaging property 14 . For this purpose, at least one correction parameter is preferably used depending on the orientation of the virtual picture element 15 determined with respect to the predetermined direction and the display position based on the at least one correction parameter and the position of the real object 13 determined.

The virtual image spacing is preferably based on the at least one correction parameter B corrected so that the display position on the display device can be determined taking into account the corrected image distance.

If the head-up display has, for example, an astigmatism, ie different focal lengths in a sagittal plane and a meridional plane of the head-up display, a virtual picture element becomes 15a , which runs parallel to the sagittal plane, in a, in particular curved, image plane 14a pictured. A virtual picture element 15b that runs parallel to the meridional plane, on the other hand, is in a different, in particular curved, image plane 14b pictured. Depending on the orientation of the picture element 15 in relation to the direction specified by the anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display, the image distance must B therefore corrected for correct image offset Δ _Ba , Δ _Bb to generate and thus a precise alignment of the virtual image element shown 15 on the real object 13 to enable. In other words, the virtual picture element to be imaged 15 depending on the orientation with respect to the predetermined direction at different display positions on the display device. This is made possible by taking into account the at least one correction parameter.

If the virtual picture element to be imaged 15 a mixing geometry in relation to the direction in the image plane predetermined by the anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display 14 , ie has both portions parallel to the sagittal plane and portions parallel to the meridional plane of the head-up display, it can be advantageous to add an averaged correction parameter value that results from averaging a correction parameter value for sagittal position correction and a correction parameter value for meridional position correction use. As a result, the virtual image element can be in an averaged, in particular curved, image plane 14c be mapped.

3rd shows a schematic representation of virtual picture elements 15a , 15b using a head-up display in an image plane in an imaging area A of the head-up display. The picture elements 15a , 15b put together into a rectangle with which a real object 13 that in the picture area A is to be marked.

Become the virtual picture elements 15a , 15b in the image plane, as in 3A shown, without taking into account their respective orientation with respect to a direction predetermined by an anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display, ie for example only on the basis of a determined position of the real object 13 in the imaging area A , mapped at a fixed predetermined image distance, is the orientation of the virtual image elements 15a , 15b on the real object 13 not coherent, ie the displayed virtual image content does not match the real environment.

On the other hand, if a correction parameter is determined on the basis of the respective orientation and when the virtual image elements are displayed 15a , 15b in the image plane, as in 3B shown, taken into account, the orientation of the virtual image elements improves 15a , 15b on the real object 13 . For virtual picture elements 15a , which in the example shown are horizontal and thus, for example, parallel to a sagittal plane of the head-up If the displays run, correction parameters are determined which correspond to a sagittal position correction, that is to say the virtual image elements on the basis thereof 15a be moved horizontally. For virtual picture elements 15b In the example shown, which run vertically and thus, for example, parallel to a meridional plane of the head-up display, correction parameters are determined which correspond to a meridional position correction, ie the virtual image elements on the basis thereof 15b be moved vertically.

4th shows a flow chart to illustrate a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention 100 for aligning a virtual image element, which is imaged by means of a head-up display in an image plane of an imaging area of the head-up display, with a real object which can be perceived by a driver of a vehicle in the imaging area of the head-up display.

In one step S1 the position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display is determined. For this purpose, sensor data of a sensor device of the vehicle can be evaluated, for example, in particular by a control device of the head-up display. Alternatively, the position of the real object can also be determined by a control unit of the vehicle and called up by the control device head-up displays.

In a further step S2 at least one correction parameter is determined as a function of an orientation of the virtual image element to be imaged relative to a direction in the image plane in the imaging area of the head-up display that is predetermined by an anisotropic imaging property, for example an astigmatism, of the head-up display. For this purpose, a database can be accessed, for example, in which correction parameter values for the different orientations of the virtual image element are stored, in particular parallel or perpendicular to the predetermined direction. The at least one correction parameter value can also be determined taking into account the determined position of the real object in the imaging area of the head-up display, in particular read from the database. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one correction parameter value can also be determined, in particular read from the database, taking into account an eye position of the driver of the vehicle, which is determined, for example, by selecting an appropriate eyebox or by eye tracking.

In a further method step, the at least one correction parameter and the determined position of the real object can be used S3 a display position is determined at which the virtual image element to be imaged is to be displayed on a display device, so that after projection onto a projection surface by an imaging device the driver perceives it as aligned with the real object. The display position is preferably calculated taking into account a virtual image distance between the image plane in the imaging area of the head-up display and the eye position. The at least one correction parameter can be used to correct the virtual image distance, which effectively results in a shift in the display position on the display device.

In a further step S4 the virtual image element to be imaged is displayed on the display device at the determined display position. The displayed virtual image element can then be projected via an imaging device of the head-up display onto a projection surface, for example the windshield of the vehicle, where it can be perceived by the driver of the vehicle as an image in the image plane.

While at least one exemplary embodiment has been described above, it should be noted that a large number of variations exist. It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments described are only non-limiting examples and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the devices and methods described herein. Rather, the foregoing description will provide those skilled in the art with a guide to implementing at least one example embodiment, it being understood that various changes in the operation and arrangement of the elements described in an example embodiment may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims deviated subject and its legal equivalents.

Reference list

1

vehicle

2nd

Head-Up Display

3rd

Display device

4th

imaging facility

4a, 4b

mirror

5

Control device

6

Sensor device

7

Projection surface

8th

driver

9

Eyebox

10th

Database

11

Observer position

12th

Eye position

13

real object

13a

Line of sight

14, 14a-c

Image plane

15, 15a, 15b

virtual picture element

100

method

S1 - S4

Procedural steps

A

Imaging area

S

Beam path

X

optical axis

Z.

Target distance

B

virtual image spacing

Δ

Axis offset

Δ _B , Δ _Ba , Δ _Bb

Image shift

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 2017/0169612 A1 [0005]

Claims (10)

Method (100) for aligning a virtual image element (15, 15a, 15b), which by means of a head-up display (2) in an image plane (14, 14a-c) of an imaging area (A) of the head-up display ( 2) is imaged on a real object (13) that can be perceived by a driver (8) of a vehicle (1), in particular a motor vehicle, in the imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2), comprising: Determining (S1) a position of the real object (13) in the imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2); Determining (S2) at least one correction parameter as a function of an orientation of the virtual image element (15, 15a, 15b) to be imaged relative to a direction in the image plane (14, 14a-c) predetermined by an anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display (2) ) in the imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2); and Displaying (S4) the virtual image element (15, 15a, 15b) to be imaged by means of an imaging display device (3) of the head-up display (2) at a display position on the display device (3), which depends on the determined position of the real object ( 13) in the imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2) and which depends on at least one correction parameter. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the display position on the display device (3) on which the virtual image element (15, 15a, 15b) to be displayed is displayed, taking into account a virtual image distance (B) corrected by means of the at least one correction parameter. between the image plane (14, 14a, 14b) in the imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2) and an observer position (11), from which the real object (13) can be perceived by the driver (8) becomes. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one correction parameter is additionally determined as a function of the determined position of the real object (13) in the imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2). Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an eye position (12) of the driver (8) is determined relative to a projection surface (7) onto which the image element displayed by the display device (3) is projected, and the correction parameter is additionally dependent is determined from the determined eye position (12). Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one correction parameter is determined from a database (10) in which different positions of the real object (13) in the imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2) and / or each eye position (12) of the driver (8) relative to the projection surface (7) is assigned at least two correction parameter values. Method (100) according to Claim 5 , one of the at least two correction parameter values for correcting the display position of the virtual image element (15, 15a, 15b) in a sagittal plane of an imaging device of the head-up display (2) and another of the at least two correction parameter values for correcting the display position of the virtual image element (15, 15a, 15b) is provided in a meridional plane of the imaging device of the head-up display (2). Method (100) according to one of the Claims 5 or 6 , one of the at least two correction parameter values depending on the orientation of the virtual image element (15, 15a, 15b) to be projected relative to the direction in the image plane (14, 14a-c) predetermined by the anisotropic imaging property of the head-up display (2) ) is selected in the imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2). The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: Acquisition of medical data of the driver (8) which characterize his vision, wherein the at least one correction parameter is additionally determined as a function of the medical data acquired. Head-up display (2) for imaging a virtual image element (15, 15a, 15b) in an image plane (14, 14a-c) of an imaging area (A) of the head-up display (2), which has a display device and is set up to carry out the method according to one of the preceding claims. Vehicle (1), in particular motor vehicle, with a head-up display (2) Claim 9 .

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