DE102017123044A1 - Method and control device for operating a system of several internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for cost and / or emmissions optimal operation of a system of several internal combustion engines along a composite of several sections track total route distance or over a composite of several time periods total operating time. Section data (20) and section conditions (10) are provided for each link or period, the section data (20) defining for each link or period data such as a requested overall system line and / or speed limits for each of the internal combustion engines and / or emission limits, and wherein the section conditions (10) define boundary conditions to be met for each link or period, such as a load reserve and / or a minimum number of internal combustion engines to be operated and / or a load spread between the internal combustion engines. For each route section or period of time, a total power demanded for the respective route section or time section is divided into partial services to the individual internal combustion engines. For each route section or period of time, those operating parameters and those costs for the associated route section or time section are determined for each internal combustion engine, for which the associated internal combustion engine is operated optimally in terms of cost and / or emission while providing the respective partial service. It is checked whether these operating parameters satisfy or violate the section conditions (10), and if these operating parameters violate the section conditions, the respective costs are given a penalty (70).

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating a system of several internal combustion engines. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device for carrying out the method.

From marine applications systems of several coupled internal combustion engines are known, which are coupled in such a way that partial drive powers provided by the internal combustion engines are taken from at least one common consumer. The partial drive powers provided by the internal combustion engines of the system thereby provide in total a total power which is taken from the or each common consumer. The respective consumer may be a mechanical consumer or an electrical consumer or a hydraulic consumer, wherein in the case of a common mechanical load of mechanically coupled internal combustion engines, in the case of a common electrical load of electrically coupled internal combustion engines and in the case of common hydraulic consumer speaks of hydraulically coupled internal combustion engines. Thus, it is known from ship applications that a system of mechanically coupled internal combustion engines mechanically drives a ship propeller as a common mechanical consumer. Furthermore, it is known that a system of electrically coupled internal combustion engines drives a generator for generating electrical energy as a common electrical consumer, wherein the generated electrical energy can be used for example for driving an electric motor and / or other consumer. It is also possible that internal combustion engines are mechanically and / or electrically and / or hydraulically coupled depending on the design of a plurality of common consumers.

From the DE 10 2014 017 500 A1 a method for operating a system of a plurality of internal combustion engines is known in which the provision of the required power for each running internal combustion engine determines an individual operating point and the respective internal combustion engine is operated at this individual operating point, namely such that the system in compliance with emission limits minimum Operating costs incurred.

There is a need to further improve the operation of a multiple engine system.

On this basis, the present invention has the object to provide a novel method for operating a system of a plurality of internal combustion engines and a control device for carrying out the method.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. The method according to the invention for operating a system comprising a plurality of internal combustion engines, namely for cost and / or emission-optimal operation of the system along a total route path composed of several route sections or over a total operating time composed of a plurality of time sections, comprises at least the following steps:

For each route section or for each time section, on the one hand, section data and, on the other hand, section conditions are specified.

The section data defines, for each link or section, data such as a requested overall line of the system of the plurality of internal combustion engines and / or speed limits for each of the internal combustion engines and / or emission limits.

The section conditions define cycling conditions to be met for operation such as a load reserve and / or a minimum number of internal combustion engines to be operated and / or a load spread between the internal combustion engines.

For each section of the route or for each period of time, a total power of the system requested for the respective section of the route or time segment is subdivided into partial performances for the individual internal combustion engines. For each route section or period of time, those operating parameters and those costs for the associated route section or time section are determined for each internal combustion engine, for which the associated internal combustion engine is operated in a cost and / or emission optimal manner while providing the respective partial services.

It is checked whether these determined operating parameters meet or violated the section conditions, in which case if the operating parameters determined violate the section conditions, the respective costs are assigned a penalty.

With the invention it is possible, particularly advantageous to enable a cost and / or emission-optimal operation of the system of several internal combustion engines.

According to an advantageous development will be at least for the operation of the system an operating parameter map is specified, wherein each operating parameter map specifies speed and power depending on valve timing and / or boost pressure and / or injection pressure and / or injector timing and / or fuel type specific resource consumption and / or a speculative emission output, and wherein along the total distance traveled or over the total operating time for each internal combustion engine, the respective operating parameter map is fixed.

For each line segment or period, speed-dependent cost vectors are determined for each internal combustion engine and for each operating parameter map, from each of these cost vectors those operating parameters, preferably speed, and those costs for the associated operating parameter map and the associated route segment or period are determined the associated internal combustion engine under provision of the respective partial power cost and / or emission optimized operation.

For each operating parameter map and each internal combustion engine, the sum of the costs over all sections or periods of time is determined and then, if the same specifies several operating parameter maps, that operating parameter map determined for which the respective internal combustion engine along the total route distance or over the total operating time cost. and / or emmissionsoptimal operated.

Depending on the preferably cost and / or emmissionsoptimal operating parameter map of each internal combustion engine, the total cost / or total emissions of the system are determined, which are minimized as a target size.

Accordingly, the optimization of the operation of a system of several internal combustion engines preferably takes place as a function of at least one operating parameter map, which is immutable and thus constant along the total distance of travel or during the total operating time for each internal combustion engine.

Next, the optimization of the operation of the system of several internal combustion engines is dependent on sections of the total distance covered or dependent on periods of the total operating time. It is possible, particularly advantageous to enable a cost and / or emmissionsoptimal operation of the system of several internal combustion engines.

Preferably, a plurality of operating parameter maps are predetermined, wherein the operating parameter maps differ from one another by the valve control times and / or boost pressures and / or injection pressures and / or injector control times and / or fuel type. In particular, when operating a ship several operating parameters maps are given. With respect to any internal combustion engine, however, only one of the operating parameter maps can be used along the total distance of travel or over the entire operating time. Only after the end of the total operating time or after reaching the destination of the total distance of travel can an operating parameter map for an internal combustion engine be changed.

Preferably, an internal combustion engine-specific operating parameter map is predetermined, which is valid exclusively for the respective internal combustion engine, and / or at least one operating parameter map is predetermined, which is valid for several internal combustion engines together.

According to an advantageous development, the respective total power of the system is divided into partial powers of the internal combustion engine while minimizing the target variable in each section or period.

The control device according to the invention is defined in claim 7.

• 1: ein erstes Blockschaltbild zur Verdeutlichung der Erfindung, und
• 2: ein zweites Blockschaltbild zur Verdeutlichung der Erfindung.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. Showing:

• 1 a first block diagram to illustrate the invention, and
• 2 : a second block diagram to illustrate the invention.

The invention relates to a method and a control device for operating a system of a plurality of internal combustion engines.

In particular, the invention relates to a method and a control device for operating a system of several internal combustion engines of a ship. However, the invention is not limited to this preferred application. Rather, the system of several internal combustion engines can also be a power plant. Then, when the method is used to operate a system of several internal combustion engines of a ship, the system should be operated over a total distance, for example between a launch port and a destination port, cost and / or emission optimal, wherein the total distance between the starting port and the destination port consists of several sections, such as an exit from the launch port, to a coastal drive, to a high sea trip, as well as to an entrance to the destination port. The above sections are purely exemplary nature. The above sections require different total services. Then, when a system of several internal combustion engines of a power plant is to be operated cost and / or emission optimized as a system, the optimized operation takes place over a composite of several time periods total operating time, which may be, for example, different periods of time one day where different total services are required.

As already stated, the invention is described below for the application in which the system to be operated consists of a plurality of internal combustion engines of an internal combustion engine system of a ship along a composite of several sections total route distance cost and / or emission optimal and compliance operate according to specified emission limit values.

The invention is based on the block diagrams of 1 and 2 described.

In 2 clarify the blocks M1 . M2 . M3 and Mn the internal combustion engines of the system of a plurality of internal combustion engines, wherein the in 2 shown system therefore has a total number n of internal combustion engines M.

Further clarified 2 in that the total distance to be covered consists of several sections of track X1 . X2 and Xi composed. So it may be at the track section X1 act around a harbor entrance or port exit. At the section of the route X2 It can be a trip near the coast. At the section of the route Xi it can be a trip on the high seas.

For every section of the route X1 . X2 . Xi be according to 1 on the one hand, section data 20 and on the other hand, section conditions 10 specified.

The section data 20 define for each section of the route X1 . X2 . Xi a requested overall management of the system from the plurality of internal combustion engines and speed limits for each of the internal combustion engines and emission limits. Furthermore, the section data 20 for every section of the route X1 . X2 . Xi also specified a fuel type.

The section conditions 10 define for each section of the route X1 . X2 . Xi to be complied with boundary conditions such as a load reserve and a minimum number of internal combustion engines to be operated and a load spread between the internal combustion engines and / or minimum value and maximum values of a load per internal combustion engine. Further, the section conditions 10 a minimum number of per engine room to be operated internal combustion engines.

Furthermore, equipment costs 80 the resources to be used such as the fuels to be used and, where appropriate, the reducing agent to be used a SCR exhaust aftertreatment specified.

The section data 20 and the equipment costs 80 become an optimizer 40 provided in detail in 2 is shown. The optimization function 40 works with a higher-level optimization function 30 together.

For every section of the route X1 . X2 . Xi becomes one for each section of the route X1 . X2 . Xi Requested overall performance of the system on the individual internal combustion engines M1 . M2 . M3 . Mn in part services P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} split by the parent optimizer 30 ,

For every section of the route X1 . X2 . Xi be from the optimizer 40 for every internal combustion engine M1 . M2 . M3 . Mn those operating parameters and those costs for the associated route section X1 . X2 . Xi determines, for which the associated internal combustion engine M1 . M2 . M3 , Mn under provision of the respective partial performance P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} operated cost and / or emission optimal.

It is in a block 50 Check if this from the optimizer 40 determined operating parameters the section conditions 10 meet or injured. Then, if in block 50 that is determined by the optimizer 40 determined operating data the section conditions 10 injured, the respective costs are in a block 70 followed by a penalty and subsequently as a penalty of the parent optimizer 30 made available. Then, if in block 50 that is determined by the optimizer 40 determined operating data the section conditions 10 meet, the respective costs are in one block 60 without penalty of the higher-level optimization function 30 made available.

The higher-level optimization function 30 Determines the total cost of the system as a target size so that these are minimized as the target size.

Further details of the optimization function 40 shows 2 ,

So shows 2 that preferably has multiple operating parameter maps MAP1 . MAP2 . MAP3 and MAP4 be kept or given. Each of the operating parameter maps MAP1 to MAP4 specifies a specific resource consumption and / or a specific emission output over a speed and a power, as a function of valve timing of gas exchange valves and / or as a function of boost pressure and / or as a function of injection pressure and / or as a function of injector timing and / or as Function of a fuel type. In the embodiment here are the maps with MAP1 to MAP4 Of course, the number of maps is infinitely expandable (MAP1, MAP2 ... MAPn, n = whole positive numbers).

Each of the operating parameter maps forms the specific resource consumption MAP1 . MAP2 . MAP3 and MAP4 a specific fuel consumption and a specific lubricating oil consumption. Then, when the exhaust gas aftertreatment engine uses an SCR catalyst in which selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides is performed using urea, each of the operating parameter maps also specifies specific urea consumption.

As a specific emission output, each operating parameter map preferably maps specific nitrogen oxide emissions as well as specific sulfur oxide emissions.

In the operating parameter maps MAP1 to MAP4 For example, the speed limits for internal combustion engines can be mapped, such as minimum speeds and maximum speeds of internal combustion engines.

Then, if, as in 2 shown several operating parameter maps MAP1 to MAP4 can be given, these operating parameters maps can differ from each other in particular by valve timing and / or boost pressures and / or injection pressures and / or injector and / or speed limits and / or fuel type.

In the 2 shown operating parameter maps MAP1 to MAP4 are in all sections X1 to Xi for all internal combustion engines M1 valid until Mn. The sections of track X1 to Xi may be allocated to specific route section emission limits. It is also possible for at least one internal combustion engine to specify at least one internal combustion engine-specific operating parameter map which is valid exclusively for the respective internal combustion engine. This is the case, for example, if at least one internal combustion engine differs significantly in terms of its design from the other internal combustion engines of the system.

For every section of the route X1 . X2 and Xi is, as mentioned above, for the respective stretch of road X1 . X2 . Xi requested overall performance of the system of several internal combustion engines to the individual internal combustion engines M1 to Mn from the parent optimizer 30 divided into partial services. These partial services are in 2 visualized by circles, being for the stretch of road X1 the partial services P _{M1, X1} the internal combustion engine M1 . P _{M2, X1} the internal combustion engine M2 . P _{M3, X1} the internal combustion engine M3 and P _{Mn, X1} the internal combustion engine Mn are valid. The sum of the partial services P _{M1, X1} . P _{M2, X1} . P _{M3, X1} and P _{Mn, X1} So that corresponds to the section X1 requested total output. Also for the sections X2 and Xi the respective requested total service is broken down into partial services, namely for the section of the route X2 in the partial services P _{M1, X2} the internal combustion engine M1 . P _{M2, X2} the internal combustion engine X2 . P _{M3, X2} the internal combustion engine M3 and P _{Mn, X2} the internal combustion engine Mn and for the section Xi in the partial performance P _{M1, Xi} for the internal combustion engine M1 . P _{M2, Xi} for the internal combustion engine M2 . P _{M3, Xi} for the internal combustion engine M3 and P _{Mn, Xi} for the internal combustion engine Mn.

The division of the for each route section X1 . X2 and Xi requested partial services P takes place via the optimization function 30 can be done via any suitable optimization algorithm, in particular via a particle-swarm algorithm. Also the optimizer 40 preferably use a particle-swarm algorithm.

Details of a particle-swarm algorithm to those skilled in the art are familiar and no further explanation required. With regard to the particle-swarm algorithm, for example, refer to the DE 10 2010 003 725 A1 directed. The selection of a suitable algorithm in the block 30 It is the responsibility of the person skilled in the art and is not limited to a particle-swarm algorithm.

For every section of the route X1 . X2 and Xi be for every internal combustion engine M1 . M2 . M3 and Mn for each operating parameter map MAP1 . MAP2 , MAP3 and MAP4, for the respective internal combustion engine M1 . M2 . M3 and Mn is valid, cost vectors are determined. In 2 are the for each stretch of road X1 . X2 and Xi for each operating parameter map determined, speed-dependent cost vectors K only for the internal combustion engine M1 shown. In an analogous way can also for the internal combustion engines M2 . M3 and Mn corresponding cost vectors are determined. At the cost vector K _{M1, X1, MAP1} is it therefore one? speed-dependent cost vector for the internal combustion engine M1 in the section of track X1 using the operating parameter map MAP1. At the cost vector K _{M1, X2, MAP3} it is the one for the section of track X2 for the internal combustion engine M1 using the operating parameter map MAP3 determined cost vector. At the cost vector K _{M1, Xi, MAP4} it is the one in the section of track Xi using the operating parameter map MAP4 for the internal combustion engine M1 ascertained, speed-dependent cost vector. There are cost vectors K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} determined.

From these speed-dependent cost vectors K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} is via a minimization function for the respective internal combustion engine M1 to Mn as the operating parameter determines the cost and / or emmissionsoptimal speed for the respective partial power to be provided, wherein in the respective cost vector K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} This optimum speed is stored together with the associated costs.

The block 41 These cost vectors, namely for each internal combustion engine M1 to Mn in each of the sections X1 to Xi for the partial services P certain costs provided, being in the block 41 for each operating parameter map MAP1 to MAP4 and every internal combustion engine M1 to Mn the sum of the costs over all sections of the route is determined, taking in the block 42 Subsequently, the operating parameter map for each internal combustion engine is determined for which the respective internal combustion engine along the total distance traveled cost and / or emission optimal M1 to Mn is operated.

In the parent optimization block 30 be, as already stated, for the individual sections X1 to Xi the correspondingly requested total services in the partial services P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} split of the internal combustion engine, in such a way that depending on the cost and / or emmissionsoptimal operating parameter map of each internal combustion engine specific total costs of the system are minimized as a target size.

As already stated, the method can also be used to optimize a system of several internal combustion engines of a power plant over a total operating time. In this case, operating parameter maps can then be kept available which differ from one another with regard to the type of fuel to be used. As a fuel type power plants heavy oil or gas or coal or the like can be used.

The invention further relates to a control device for carrying out the method, wherein the control device automatically carries out the method according to the invention. For this purpose, the control unit has hardware-side and software-side means, the hardware-side means being data interfaces, a processor and a memory. Data interfaces are used for data exchange between the individual components, a memory is used for data storage and a processor of data processing. Software resources can be program modules which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor in order to carry out the method according to the invention.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102014017500 A1 [0003]
• DE 102010003725 A1 [0048]

Claims (7)

Method for operating a system comprising a plurality of internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn), namely for cost and / or emission-optimal operation of the system along a total distance composed of several sections (X1, X2, Xi) or over a composite of several time segments Total operating time, with the following steps: for each route section (X1, X2, Xi) or for each time section, section data (20) on the one hand and section conditions (10) on the other hand, the section data (20) for each route section (X1, X2, Xi) or for each period of time define data such as a requested overall system piping system and / or speed limits for each of the internal combustion engines and / or emission limits, and the section conditions (10) for each link (X1, X2, Xi) or for each period to be complied with boundary conditions such as a load reserve and / or egg Define a minimum number of internal combustion engines to be operated and / or a load spread between the internal combustion engines, for each link (X1, X2, Xi) or for each period of time, a total system performance requested for the respective link (X1, X2, Xi) or period the individual internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn) divided into partial powers (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ), for each section (X1, X2, Xi) or time period for each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) those operating parameters and those costs for the associated route section (X1, X2, Xi) or time period is determined for which the associated internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) to provide the respective partial power (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn , Xi} ) is operated cost and / or emission optimal, it is checked whether these determined operating parameters meet the section conditions (10) or injured, in which case, w If the operating parameters determined violate the section conditions, the respective costs are assigned a penalty (70). Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that for the operation of the system at least one operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) is given, each operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) on speed and power as a function of valve timing and / and boost pressure and / or injection pressure and / or injector timing and / or fuel type specified specific resource consumption of at least one internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn), and wherein along the total distance covered or over the total operating time for each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3 , Mn) the respective operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) is immutable, for each link (X1, X2, Xi) or period of time for each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) and for each operating parameter- Map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) speed-dependent cost vectors K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} ), wherein from each of these cost _vectors (K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} ) operating parameters, preferably rotational speed, and those costs for the associated operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) and the associated road section (X1, X2, Xi) or time segment for which the associated internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) under provision of the respective partial power (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ) cost and / or emission optimized operation, for each operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) and each internal combustion engine (M1, M2 , M3, Mn), the sum of the costs over all sections (X1, X2, Xi) or time segments is determined and then, if a plurality of operating parameter maps (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) are given, that operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) determines, for which the respective internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) along the total distance of travel or over the total operating time cost and / or emission optimized operation, depending on the cost and / or emmissionsoptimal Operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) of each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn), the total cost of the system are determined, which are minimized as a target size. Method according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the plurality of operating parameter maps (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) differ from each other by valve timing and / or boost pressures and / or injection pressures and / or injector timing and / or fuels. Method according to Claim 3 , characterized in that for at least one internal combustion engine at least one internal combustion engine individual and operating parameter map is given, which is valid exclusively for the respective internal combustion engine. Method according to Claim 3 or 4 , characterized in that at least one operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) is specified, which is common to a plurality of internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn). Method according to one of Claims 2 to 4 , characterized in that in each link section (X1, X2, Xi) or time period is the respective total power of the system minimization of the target size in partial powers (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ) of the internal combustion engine is divided. Control device for operating a system of a plurality of internal combustion engines, namely for cost and / or emission-optimal operation along a composite of several sections track total distance or over a composite of several time periods total operating time, characterized in that the same method according to one of Claims 1 to 6 on the control side.

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