DE102016123158B4 - Luminaire, arrangement with several luminaires and method for producing a luminaire - Google Patents

Abstract

Luminaire (1) comprising: - an organic light-emitting diode (2) which is set up to emit light with an effective emission area (E), - an anti-glare structure (3) integrated into the organic light-emitting diode (2), which is at least partially on the emission area (E) is arranged, and which is set up to glare-free the organic light-emitting diode (2) for emission angles above a glare-free angle α, - an effective emission surface (F) of the lamp (1), from which the organic light-emitting diode (2) emitted Light emerges from the lamp (1), the anti-glare structure (3) having at least one cell (31) with an edge (32) which runs from the emission surface (E) to the emission surface (F) and the at least one section of the emission surface (F) and a section of the emission surface (E) depending on a line of intersection (A) at least partially encloses, - the edge (32) has a height (B) of the line of intersection (A) and the anti-glare angle (α), and the glare-free angle (α) is a maximum of 60°, with - the organic light-emitting diode (2) having a current distribution structure (21) made of conductor tracks, - the edge of the cell (31) at least in sections along the current distribution structure (21 ) runs, and the organic light-emitting diode (2) does not emit any light along the conductor tracks.

Description

The present invention relates, inter alia, to a lamp, an arrangement with a plurality of such lamps and a method for producing a lamp.

Light-emitting components are explained in more detail, for example, in the following publications: U.S. 2010/0108998 A1 , US 2010/0038657 A1 , U.S. 2004/0080938 A1 , DE 10 2012 223 162 A1 , GB 2 463 989 A , JP 2006-156205 A , U.S. 2010/0284185 A1 , WO 2003/001611 A1 and U.S. 2007/0241326 A1 .

Surface light sources such as organic light-emitting diodes emit light over a wide solid angle of up to 180°. However, a defined beam guidance is often desired in order to reduce glare from the light source or to illuminate objects in a more targeted manner.

Organic light-emitting diodes are surface light sources that are approximately Lambertian emitters. This means that the light-emitting diodes emit approximately with a cos ² θ characteristic, where θ designates the emission angle. Thus, organic light-emitting diodes also emit a significant proportion of radiation at angles almost parallel to an emission surface. On the other hand, the lighting conditions, for example for offices, are standardized and regulated. For example, at angles above 60°, a luminance must not be above 1500 nits. In other words, a light source, such as for office lighting, must be glare-free at large emission angles.

Beam shaping foils, (Jungbecker) plates or macroscopic elements such as metal sheets and reflectors are known, for example, for reducing glare from surface light sources. For example, in the case of conventional organic light-emitting diodes, a beam-shaping film is placed on the organic light-emitting diode and provided with a light-scattering layer. Such solutions usually lead to significant light losses. For example, reducing the glare of an organic light-emitting diode with a beam-shaping film of 80% reflectivity leads to an efficiency loss of around 25%. Plates and sheets require complex production and often restrict the design of the light sources due to their size and can also have an undesirable effect on the aesthetics.

Beschrieben, wobei n den Brechungsindex (im Folgenden n = 1), θ den Emissionswinkel und A die Emissionsfläche bezeichnen. Typische Emissionswinkel θ sind beispielsweise:

• - θ = 15°, für einen Spot mit 30° Durchmesser,
• - θ = 90°, für eine Lambert'sche OLED, und
• - θ = 60°, für eine entblendete OLED mit einem Entblendungswinkel α und α = θ.

Another problem with efficient glare control is duck duo preservation. A reduction in Entdue without self-illumination of the source is always associated with a loss of light. In the case of rotationally symmetrical emission, entendue becomes due to the context $$n^{}$$$${}^2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi \; sin"\; filenames="DE102016123158B4\_0006.png,DE102016123158B4\_0008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}{\text{sin}}^{}{}^2\theta \cdot A$$

Described, where n denotes the refractive index (hereinafter n = 1), θ denotes the emission angle and A denotes the emission area. Typical emission angles θ are, for example:

• - θ = 15°, for a 30° diameter spot,
• - θ = 90°, for a Lambertian OLED, and
• - θ = 60°, for a glare-free OLED with a glare-free angle α and α = θ.

In order to be able to glare out a lamp without loss, it is necessary to obtain the entendue according to the above context. For a Lambertian OLED with an emission area A of 100 cm ² there is an end due of 314 cm ² sr. For glare reduction at 60°, the area A must be correspondingly increased to 140 cm ² in order to achieve approximately the same entendue value.

One problem to be solved is to specify a lamp or arrangement of lamps and a method for producing such, in which an organic light-emitting diode can be used efficiently and without glare.

This object is achieved, inter alia, by the subject matter of the independent claims. Developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a lamp comprises an organic light-emitting diode and an anti-glare structure integrated into the organic light-emitting diodes. The lamp is set up to generate visible light, for example white light. Preferably, the lamp can be used for general lighting purposes, for example as a ceiling lamp or pendant lamp, for illuminating a room. Possible rooms include, for example, living rooms or also work rooms.

The organic light-emitting diode is configured to emit light with an effective emission area. The lamp can include one or more organic light-emitting diodes. Visible light, for example white light, is generated in an organic layer sequence and emitted over a surface of the organic light-emitting diode.

The light generated in the organic light-emitting diode is emitted from the effective emission area. The effective emission surface can be a real boundary surface of the organic light-emitting diode, and it can also be flat or curved. Likewise, the effective Emission area be a fictitious area that corresponds to an area of the organic light-emitting diode in plan view. In particular, the effective emission area is a projection of a light-emitting area of the organic light-emitting diode onto a plane perpendicular to a main emission direction of the organic light-emitting diode. In this case, this plane preferably intersects the organic light-emitting diode at at least one point, so that this plane touches the organic light-emitting diode from a direction opposite to the main emission direction, in particular touches it tangentially.

Furthermore, the lamp includes a flat or curved effective emission surface. The effective emission area is an area of the luminaire from which the light emitted by the light-emitting diode emerges from the luminaire. The effective radiating surface can be a real boundary surface of the lamp formed by a solid material. However, it is preferably a fictitious surface that results from a plan view of the lamp. In this case, the effective emission area is, for example, a sum of the effective emission area of the organic light-emitting diode and an area of the anti-glare structure, viewed from above. In this case, the emission surface of the organic light-emitting diode and the surface of the anti-glare structure preferably do not overlap, seen in a top view, but rather touch one another, for example.

The anti-glare structure is at least partially arranged on the emission surface of the organic light-emitting diode. The anti-glare structure can be integrated on the organic light-emitting diode, for example, by the anti-glare structure being arranged on the organic light-emitting diode by injection molding or by means of 3D printing. Furthermore, the anti-glare structure can be applied to the light-emitting diode, for example embossed into a surface.

The anti-glare structure is set up to fade in the organic light-emitting diode. In particular, the anti-glare structure is provided for emission angles above an anti-glare angle α. The anti-glare structure can be the same for all directions. The anti-glare angle preferably relates to the main emission direction and/or to a perpendicular to the effective emission area of the organic light-emitting diode. At angles that are larger than the glare control angle, no light is emitted by the organic light-emitting diode. The glare-free angle can be a maximum of 60°. In particular, the anti-glare angle is between at least 20° and at most 60°. For example, the anti-glare angle is 60°.

The anti-glare structure has at least one cell. The cell includes an edge that extends from the emission surface toward the emission surface and that at least partially encloses at least a portion of the emission surface and a portion of the emission surface. The enclosed emission area or radiating area depends on a line of intersection. Furthermore, the edge has a height B, which depends on the line of intersection and on the glare control angle α.

The line of intersection has a length A, for example, which is measured from an edge of the emission surface facing away from the edge to the edge of the facing emission surface, viewed in plan view. The line of intersection can be a diameter of a circle or an edge length of a rectangle or other polygonal geometries. Viewed from above, a straight line can be cut through the emission surface of the organic light-emitting diode.

The line of intersection is, for example, the longest possible line of intersection, based on a respective point at the edge of the emission surface, with the height B of the cell having to be determined at this point. Alternatively or additionally, the line of intersection is oriented perpendicularly to the point at which the height B of the cell is to be determined. Starting from this point at which the height of the cell is to be determined, the intersection line is calculated up to the point of intersection of this line of intersection with the emission surface and on the other hand up to the point of intersection of this line of intersection with the boundary of the emission surface, which at this point, in which the height of the cell is to be determined.

With the lamp described here, the anti-glare structure integrated in the organic light-emitting diode leads to effective anti-glare. The anti-glare structure creates a larger effective radiating surface, which means that a targeted increase in etendue can be achieved. Glare-related losses can be minimized. The glare-free lights described here are therefore more efficient than conventional lights with organic light-emitting diodes. Furthermore, a lower overall height is possible compared to macroscopic elements such as metal sheets or reflectors. This allows further degrees of freedom in the design and layout of the luminaire.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the section of the emission surface is surrounded all around by a lower edge of the cell. Furthermore, the section of the radiating surface is surrounded all around by an upper edge of the cell. The edge of the cell is concave in cross-section perpendicular to the emission surface, ie from the top edge to the bottom edge, entirely or on average. For a ratio between an area E1 of the section of Emission area and an area F1 of the section of the emission area applies with a tolerance of not more than 10%: $$\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="f" filenames="DE102016123158B4\_0006.png,DE102016123158B4\_0009.png" state="{{state}}">f</figure-callout>}1=\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="E" filenames="DE102016123158B4\_0006.png,DE102016123158B4\_0009.png" state="{{state}}">E</figure-callout>}1{\text{/ sin}}^2\left(\mathrm{a}\right).$$

To a certain extent, the edge defines a wall of the cell, the shape of which determines the emission surface and the radiation surface. For example, the edge of the cell is set up to fan out from the bottom edge to the top edge. The edge preferably increases monotonically or strictly monotonically in the direction away from the emission surface and viewed in cross section. The radiating surface is larger in relation to the emitting surface (or corresponding sections thereof). The shape of the cell border allows to set a minimum cell height and cell area. As a result, component efficiency can be kept high and component size can be further reduced.

According to at least one embodiment, the area E1 is dependent on a length A of the line of intersection. The following applies to the height B of the edge in a direction perpendicular to the emission surface with a maximum tolerance of 10%: B=tan(90°-α)·A. In this case, A is a length of the intersection line from an edge of the emission surface facing away from the edge to the edge of the facing emission surface, seen in plan view.

The relationship for the height of the edge applies, for example, to each longest intersection line and along the entire circumference of the edge around the emission area, in particular with a tolerance of at most 10% or 5% or 2% or 1% or 0.5% or exactly, within the manufacturing tolerances. This can mean that in the case of an emission surface that is not rotationally symmetrical in shape, the height of the cell varies around the emission surface.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the organic light-emitting diode has a current distribution structure. The edge of the cell runs at least in sections along the current distribution structure.

The layer structure of an organic light-emitting diode usually includes a current distribution structure made of conductor tracks, also known as busbars, in order to compensate for a drop in radiation intensity from the edges to the center. The current distribution structure can have regular grids such as a honeycomb structure or a grid of other polygons. The organic light-emitting diode cannot emit any light along the conductor tracks. By tuning the anti-glare structure or the cell to parts or the entire current distribution structure, areas of the organic light-emitting diode can be used that do not emit anyway. An additional loss of light can thus be prevented or reduced.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the section of the emission surface lies completely within the section of the emission surface when viewed from above. That is, the emission surface portion is surrounded by the emission surface portion and the edge of the cell.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the section of the emission surface and the section of the emission surface are each circular surfaces. Both circular areas preferably have the same center point.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the section of the emission surface and the section of the emission surface are each surfaces of a regular polygon. For example, the sections may be in the shape of a triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, and so on. Preferably, the patch faces have the same geometric centroid and are regular polygons.

According to at least one embodiment, the anti-glare structure has additional cells. The line grids are arranged flat on the emission surface to form a grid and each enclose further sections of the emission surface and the emission surface. By arranging several cells in a grid, the component size can be reduced even further, for example compared to just a single cell.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the cells are arranged in a regular grid on the emission surface relative to the grid. In this way, there is only a slight increase in the overall thickness of the organic light-emitting diode.

According to at least one embodiment, a maximum height of the edges of the cells is constant across the grid.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the emission surface of the organic light-emitting diode is curved and the maximum height of the edges of the cells across the grid depends on a curvature of the emission surface, for example the height depends on a bending radius. Organic light-emitting diodes are flexible to a certain extent and can be curved. This opens up further degrees of freedom for the design of luminaires.

According to at least one embodiment, an arrangement comprises a plurality of lights The type described above. These are arranged laterally next to one another in a common plane. For example, the arrangement includes a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes, which represent a segmented organic light-emitting diode, for example.

In at least one embodiment of the arrangement, the lights are mounted in a common plane. Within this plane, the lamps are arranged next to one another and preferably do not overlap one another, seen in a plan view of this plane. It is possible that the luminaires in the arrangement and within this plane are densely packed so that only a narrow gap is formed between adjacent luminaires, for example with an average width of at most 10% or 5% of an average diameter of the emitting surfaces. Neighboring lights, in particular radiating surfaces, can also touch in places or all around. The arrangement preferably includes a large number of lamps with rectangular, circular or hexagonal emission surfaces.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method for producing a lamp comprises at least the following steps.

An organic light-emitting diode configured to emit light with an effective emission area is provided. In a further step, an anti-glare structure is integrated into the organic light-emitting diode. The anti-glare structure is at least partially arranged on the emission surface. Furthermore, the anti-glare structure is set up to deglare the organic light-emitting diode for emission angles above an anti-glare angle α.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the anti-glare structure is applied to the organic light-emitting diode by at least one of the following methods or method steps: by injection molding, by means of 3D printing and/or by embossing.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the anti-glare structure is at least partially coated with a reflective material. The reflect refers to the light emitted by the organic light-emitting diode. The reflectivity in the emission region of the light-emitting diode is preferably 95% or higher. The reflective material can be applied both to a side of the anti-glare structure that faces the organic light-emitting diode and to a side that faces away.

The principle presented here is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings using exemplary embodiments. The same reference symbols indicate the same elements in the individual figures. However, no references to scale are shown here; on the contrary, individual elements may be shown in an exaggerated size for better understanding.

• 1 bis 4 schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsbeispielen von hier beschriebenen Leuchten.

Show it:

• 1 until 4 schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of lights described here.

An exemplary embodiment of a lamp 1 is shown in a side view in FIG 1 shown.

The lamp 1 includes an organic light-emitting diode 2. The organic light-emitting diode 2 also includes an organic layer structure which emits visible light when the lamp 1 is in operation. Since the organic light-emitting diode 2 represents a surface emitter, the emission takes place through a main surface 22 of the layer structure. An anti-glare structure 3 is integrated on the main surface of the organic light-emitting diode 2 . The anti-glare structure 3 is placed or integrated on the surface 22 of the organic light-emitting diode 2 . This can be done using different methods, for example injection molding, 3D printing or embossing.

For example, the anti-glare structure 3 can be a mirrored injection-molded mask. An injection molding mask can be manufactured separately from the organic light-emitting diode 2 . In a further process step, these can then be coated and encapsulated with a highly reflective material such as silver. In this way, an effectiveness of more than 95% can be achieved for emission wavelengths of the organic light-emitting diode 2 and losses can be kept low. An injection molding mask produced in this way can be glued onto the surface 22 of the organic light-emitting diode 2 and thus integrated.

Alternatively, the anti-glare structure 3 can be applied directly to the surface of the organic light-emitting diode 2 . For example, a 3-D printing process allows the anti-glare structure 3 to be arranged directly on the substrate of the organic light-emitting diode and also to be mirrored.

Furthermore, it is possible to emboss the anti-glare structure 3 into the substrate or the surface 22 of the organic light-emitting diode 2 before the coating with reflective material. This is equally possible with glass and plastics. Finally, the highly reflective material, for example silver or aluminum, can be vapour-deposited on the anti-glare structure 3 that is pronounced in this way.

The anti-glare structure 3 comprises a multiplicity of cells 31. Each cell 31 comprises an edge 32 which extends over the surface of the organic light-emitting diode 2 up to a maximum height B. FIG. Furthermore, an area of each cell 31 is characterized by a line of intersection. The cells 31 are arranged in a lattice 35 in a regular grid on the surface of the organic light-emitting diode 2 .

lassen sich die Höhe B und Länge A für einen Entblendungswinkel α in einem Gitter 35 berechnen. Eine beispielhafte Berechnung ist in 1B in einer Tabelle zusammengefasst. Diese zeigt Zellen mit Höhen B in Millimeter für unterschiedliche Schnittgeraden der Längen A, ebenfalls in Millimetern angegeben. Beispielsweise ergibt sich so für eine Einblendung von 60°, ein Gitter 35, das ca. 33 % der Oberfläche der organischen Leuchtdiode 2 belegt. Eine maximale Höhe B einer der Zellen 31 der Entblendungsstruktur 3 von 1,2 mm führt somit zu einer Zellengröße mit einer Länge A der Schnittgerade von 2 mm.The anti-glare structure 3 is used for anti-glare of the organic light-emitting diode 2 for emission angles above an anti-glare angle α. The structure of the individual cells 31 predetermines the anti-glare angle α. The relationship between the glare-free angle α and the structure of the cells 31 is explained in more detail with reference to FIG 3 and 4 explained in more detail. In general, the maximum height B cells 31 of the anti-glare structure 3 depends on a length A of the line of intersection. About the connection $$B=\text{tan}\left(90°-a\right)\cdot A$$

the height B and length A for a glare control angle α in a grid 35 can be calculated. An example calculation is in 1B summarized in a table. This shows cells with heights B in millimeters for different intersection lines of length A, also given in millimeters. For example, a grating 35 that covers approximately 33% of the surface of the organic light-emitting diode 2 results for a fade-in of 60°. A maximum height B of one of the cells 31 of the anti-glare structure 3 of 1.2 mm thus leads to a cell size with a length A of the line of intersection of 2 mm.

the 2A and 2 B each show top views of exemplary embodiments of a glare suppression structure 3 based on a grid 35 with circular cells 31. 2C shows a top view of an embodiment with a glare suppression structure 3 based on a grid 35 with hexagonal cells 31.

The anti-glare structure 3 off 2A includes a rectangular grid 35 of circular cells 31, also called pixels. The respective cells 31 have the same radius or diameter and are arranged regularly with respect to one another. Between the individual cells 31, the edges 32 of the individual cells merge into one another and to a certain extent form an empty area over which no light from the organic light-emitting diode 2 lying underneath can be emitted. The cells 31 or their edges 32 are preferably arranged relative to one another in such a way that they largely cover a current distribution structure of the organic light-emitting diode 2 lying underneath. In this way it is possible, for example, to cover 33% of the surface of the organic light-emitting diode 2 with the current distribution structure and with the anti-glare structure 3 . Luminaires 1 with a size of up to 50×50 cm ² can thus be produced and glare-free with the glare-free structure 3 . 2 B shows, for example, an embodiment with a square anti-glare structure 3.

2C shows a further exemplary embodiment of the anti-glare structure 3, also for example with a square base area. In this embodiment, the grid 35 comprises hexagonal cells 31 or pixels, which are also regularly arranged with respect to one another. In such a hexagonal grid 35, the cells or pixels can be arranged with less variation than, for example, in a square or circular grid. In particular, it is common to make the current distribution structure hexagonal as well, so that a hexagonal lattice 35 can cover the current distribution structure without forming large void areas without the possibility of light emission.

In alternative exemplary embodiments, which are not shown, the cells can have further basic patterns or polygons. For example, the cells can have a triangular, square or pentagonal plan. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the base area of the respective cells is different across the grid and also describes different geometric figures. This results in greater freedom in the design of the lamp 1. Furthermore, the organic light-emitting diode 2 can also be curved and the cells can be adapted to this curvature.

3A shows an embodiment of a cell 31 of the lamp 1 in a plan view and 3B shows the cell 31 in a sectional view.

Seen in plan view, the cell 31 encloses a section E1 of an emission surface E of the organic light-emitting diode 2. In this exemplary embodiment, the section E1 of the emission surface E is a circular light exit surface 20 which, for example, has a planar and flat shape. However, this can also be curved. A plurality of cells 31 arranged in anti-glare structure 3 result in a plurality of light exit surfaces 20 in this way, which together determine the effective emission surface E of light-emitting diode 2 . The cells are preferably provided with a reflective material such as silver or aluminum.

Seen in plan view, each cell 31 surrounds one of the light exit surfaces 20 with a constant width, so that the cells 31 in plan view seen each have a circular outer edge and a circular inner edge. Viewed from above, a section F1 of an emission surface F of the lamp 1 is formed by the respective cell 31 and the corresponding light exit surface 20 . The radiating surface F or its sections F1 is a flat, fictitious surface. The emission surface F is thus defined by the anti-glare structure 3, which runs along edges 32 of the individual cells 31 from the emission surface E or its sections E1, 20 to the emission surface F.

Seen in cross-section, the cells 31 have a concave shape, so that the edge 32 of the cell 31 increases continuously in the direction away from the emission surface E, 20 . For example, the cells 31 have a lower edge 33, which comes to lie in the plane of the emission surface E, and an upper edge 34, which comes to lie in the plane of the emission surface F. The edge 32 is concave in cross-section perpendicular to the emission surface E, from the upper edge 34 to the lower edge 33, completely or in the middle. For example, the cells 31, viewed in cross section, each have two straight line sections which are separated from one another by a kink 6 (see FIG 4B ).

The cells 31 of the anti-glare structure 3 ensure that the luminaire 1 is anti-glare for emission angles above an anti-glare angle α. No light emerges from the lamp 1 at angles greater than the glare control angle α, which is measured relative to a perpendicular 36 of the emission surface E1, 20 from the lamp 1. On the one hand, this is achieved in that the cells each have a maximum height B and a concave edge 32 . The maximum height B is preferably the same for all cells. In general, however, the height can vary from cell to cell.

In order to achieve high efficiency and low component height, the size of the sections F1 of the emission surface and the height B of the cells 31 depend on the size and shape of the corresponding sections E1 of the emission surface E. For a cell 31 and a radius r _F1 of the emission surface F, the following applies with regard to a radius r _E1 of the section E1 of the emission surface E, depending on the glare control angle α: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="right\; f"\; filenames="DE102016123158B4\_0006.png,DE102016123158B4\_0009.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">right</figure-callout>}}_f={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="right\; E"\; filenames="DE102016123158B4\_0006.png,DE102016123158B4\_0009.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">right</figure-callout>}}_E\cdot \text{sin}a.$$

The emission surface E1, 20, which is circular when viewed from above, has a diameter D which is equal to twice r _E1 .

The maximum height B of the cells 31 results from a length A of the line of intersection, the line of intersection lying within a plane of the emission surface E1. The length A is determined starting from a point X at which the height of the respective cell 31 is to be determined. Starting from this point X, the length A extends to an opposite, most distant point of intersection of the line of intersection with an outer edge of the emission edge E1, see point Y. The length A extends further, starting from point Y and via point X to an outer edge of the respective radiating surface F1, which is located at the point X. A point Z is formed by the line of intersection with the outer edge of the radiating surface F1. The length L thus extends from point Y to point Z, that is to say from the edge of the emission edge E facing away from the cell 31 to the edge of the facing emission surface F1, viewed in plan view. The following therefore applies to the height B at point X: $$B=A\cdot \text{tan}\left(90°-a\right).$$

The anti-glare angle α is specified, for example, by the intended purpose of the lamp 1, which is, for example, office lighting.

In particular, the anti-glare angle α can be a maximum of 60°. In particular, the glare control angle can have a value between at least 20° and at most 60°. For example, the anti-glare angle α is in the 3B shown cell 31 60°. The glare control angle α is defined by the length of the intersection line A and the height B of the cell 31 . Advantageously, light rays R hit the edge 32 of the anti-glare structure 3 and are absorbed or reflected there when the light rays R leave the luminous surface 20 relative to the perpendicular 36 at an angle that is greater than the anti-glare angle α.

If the light beams that strike the edge are reflected, the angle of the light beam to the perpendicular 36 is reduced, since the edge 32 on which the light beam R strikes does not run perpendicular to the luminous surface 20 . In particular, the edge 32 of a cell 31 runs in such a way that the angle between the luminous surface 20 and the edge 32 is greater than 90°. For example, a light beam can be reflected several times at the edge 32 before the light beam R leaves the cell 31 through the emission surface F. Advantageously, only light rays pass through the emission surface F of a cell whose angle to the perpendicular 36 is equal to or smaller than the glare control angle α.

In the 4A and 4B sectional views of cells 31 are shown. Furthermore, exemplary beam paths are shown, which illustrate the anti-glare function of cell 31 . In 4A it can be seen that the edge 32 of the cell 31 viewed in cross-section is defined by a single straight line ab cut is formed. This results in an emission limit angle of 30° for the radiation R, starting from a point X at a corner of the emission surface E1. However, specular reflection at the reflective edge 32 can also emit beams with a significantly smaller angle, for example 22°. This can be reduced by the kink 6 in the edge 32 (see 4B ). Otherwise, the radiating surface F1 and the height B are set as explained above. The emission surface E1 and the emission surface F1 as well as the height B are preferably determined by simulation on the basis of the optical relationships explained above.

This patent application claims the priority of the German patent application 102015120772.9 , the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Reference List

1

lamp

2

organic light emitting diode

3

anti-glare structure

6

kink

20

luminous surface

22

Main surface of the organic light-emitting diode

31

cell

32

edge

33

lower edge

34

upper edge

35

grid

36

Lot

A

Length of the line of intersection

B

cell height

D

diameter

E

effective emission area

E1

Section of the effective emission area

f

effective radiating surface

F1

Section of the effective radiating area

R

beam of light

X

Point

Y

Point

Z

Point

Claims (14)

Lamp (1) comprising: - an organic light-emitting diode (2), which is set up to emit light with an effective emission area (E), - an anti-glare structure (3) integrated into the organic light-emitting diode (2), which is arranged at least partially on the emission surface (E), and which is set up for anti-glare of the organic light-emitting diode (2) for emission angles above an anti-glare angle α, - An effective emission surface (F) of the lamp (1) from which the organic light-emitting diode (2) emitted light emerges from the lamp (1), wherein - the anti-glare structure (3) has at least one cell (31) with an edge (32) that runs from the emission surface (E) to the emission surface (F), and the at least one section of the emission surface (F) and one section of the emission surface (E) depending on a line of intersection (A) at least partially encloses, - the edge (32) has a height (B) which is dependent on the line of intersection (A) and the glare control angle (α), and the glare control angle (α) is a maximum of 60°, where - the organic light-emitting diode (2) has a current distribution structure (21) made of conductor tracks, - The edge of the cell (31) runs at least in sections along the current distribution structure (21), and - The organic light-emitting diode (2) does not emit any light along the conductor tracks. Lamp (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein - a section of the emission surface (E) is surrounded all around by a lower edge (33) of the cell (31), - a section of the emission surface (F) is surrounded all around by an upper edge (34) surrounded by the cell (31), - the edge (32) of the cell (31), in cross-section perpendicular to the emission surface (E), is concave on average from the upper edge (34) to the lower edge (33), and - for a ratio between an area E1 of the section of the emission surface (E) and an area F1 of the section of the emission surface (F) with a tolerance of at most 10%: F1 = E1 / sin ² (α). Lamp (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein - the area E1 depends on a length (L) of the intersection line (A), and - For the height (B) of the edge (32) in a direction perpendicular to the emission surface (E) with a maximum tolerance of 10% applies: B = tan (90 ° -α) .L. Light (1) after one of the claims 2 and 3 , wherein the section of the emission surface (E) lies entirely within the section of the emission surface (F) as seen in plan view. Light (1) after one of the claims 2 until 4 , where the section of the emission surface (E) and the section of the emission surface (F) are each circular surfaces. Light (1) after one of the claims 2 until 5 , wherein the portion of the emission surface (E) and the portion of the emission surface (F) are surfaces of a regular polygon, respectively. Luminaire (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the anti-glare structure (3) has further cells (31), the cells (31) are arranged in a grid on the emission surface (E) to form a grid (35) and sections of the emission surface (F ) and the emission area (E). Luminaire (1) according to the preceding claim, the cells (31) being arranged in a regular grid on the emission surface (E). Light up (1). claim 7 and 8th , wherein a maximum height (Hmax) of the edges (32) of the cells (31) is constant across the grid (35). Light (1) after one of the Claims 7 until 9 , wherein the emission surface (E) of the organic light-emitting diode (2) is curved and the maximum height (Hmax) of the edges (32) of the cells (31) across the grid (35) depends on a curvature of the emission surface (E). Arrangement with several lamps (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the lamps are arranged laterally next to one another in a common plane. Method for producing a lamp (1) comprising the steps: - Providing an organic light-emitting diode (2) that is set up to emit light with an effective emission area (E), - Integrating an anti-glare structure (3) into the organic light-emitting diode (2), which is at least partially arranged on the emission surface (E), and which is set up for anti-glare of the organic light-emitting diode (2) for emission angles above an anti-glare angle (α), wherein the Glare-free angle (α) is a maximum of 60°, where - the organic light-emitting diode (2) has a current distribution structure (21) made of conductor tracks, - the edge of the cell (31) runs at least in sections along the current distribution structure (21), - The organic light-emitting diode (2) does not emit any light along the conductor tracks, and - The anti-glare structure (3) has at least one cell (31) with an edge (32) which runs from the emission surface (E) to the emission surface (F). Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the anti-glare structure (3) is applied to the organic light-emitting diode (2) by at least one of the following method steps: - by injection molding, - by means of a 3D print, and/or - by imprinting. Procedure according to one of Claims 12 and 13 , wherein the anti-glare structure (3) is at least partially coated with a reflective material which has a reflectivity for the light emitted by the organic light-emitting diode (2), in particular a reflectivity which is higher than 95%.

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