DE102015215485A1 - Method and control device for controlling an actual temperature of a building part - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling an actual temperature (Tist) of a building part of a building, comprising the steps of: detecting (S1) weather data and building occupancy data; Setting (S2) an original set temperature (Tsoll); Calculating (S3) a compensation temperature (Tkomp) based on the weather data and the building occupancy data; and modifying the target value setting of control units based on the compensation temperature (S4) for regulating the heat supply or discharge by various methods, whereby the actual temperature Tact of a building part is kept in a certain comfort range around the original target temperature (step S2).

Description

The present invention relates to a method for controlling an actual temperature of a building part of a building and a control device for controlling an actual temperature of a building part.

State of the art

One of the tasks of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) systems is to control an actual temperature of a building or part of a building to a predetermined target temperature. Often there is the problem that due to unaccounted for disturbances which cause temperature changes, the building is overheated or cooled down. Such disturbances can be, for example, the change in the ambient temperature of the building, solar loads or the occupancy of buildings, that is, the number of people in the building. The actual temperature rises above the target temperature or falls below it, and must be adjusted by rules to the target temperature. This unnecessarily consumes energy for heating or cooling the building.

From the publication DE 19537850 A1 a control system is known, which performs a control of the air conditioning and / or heating device in dependence on weather forecasts.

From the US 2013/0231792 A1 For example, a method is known for controlling the energy consumption of a building, which includes building occupancy data and weather data.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention according to a first aspect provides a method for controlling an actual temperature of a building part of a building. The method includes acquiring weather data and building occupancy data as well as establishing a set temperature. Furthermore, based on the weather data and the building occupancy data, a compensation temperature is calculated and the actual temperature of the building part is regulated based on the compensation temperature.

According to another aspect, the present invention provides a control device for controlling an actual temperature of a building part. This comprises at least one detection device for acquiring weather data and building occupancy data and a control unit, which is designed to set a setpoint temperature and to calculate a compensation temperature based on the weather data and the building occupancy data. The control unit is further configured to regulate the actual temperature of the building part based on the compensation temperature.

Preferred developments are the subject of the respective subclaims.

Advantages of the invention

The method takes account of weather data, that is, for example, current ambient temperatures of the building part or weather forecasts. If, for example, a strong rise in the ambient temperature of the building is to be expected during the day, the compensation temperature can be adjusted early enough. It is thereby prevented that is regulated directly to a target temperature in this case too high, but instead the increase of the ambient temperature is taken into account and the warming is used by natural solar radiation. This prevents the building part from heating to a temperature above the setpoint temperature due to the strong sunlight and the increased ambient temperature.

The method thus serves to avoid unnecessary energy consumption, as external factors which have an influence on the temperature, in particular weather data and building occupancy data, are included in the regulation. Increased efficiency saves costs and protects the environment. For example, unnecessary heating can be prevented during the early hours of the morning as the warming due to the onset of solar radiation is taken into account. In the same way, superfluous cooling can be prevented, since external heat sources, for example solar radiation or heat, which is emitted by persons in the building, are included in the calculation.

The method can also be used in existing heating or cooling system by simple software implementation, with little or no hardware modifications. The method makes it possible to limit the heat supply and removal in the building part based on the compensation temperature, if a standard control would lead to unnecessary heating and / or cooling. The described aspects allow the idea to be applied to a variety of different HVAC system configurations.

According to another aspect of the method, the actual temperature is regulated by adjusting the target temperature based on the compensation temperature. By setting the setpoint temperature, the energy used to heat or cool the building part can be regulated directly. Is for example the calculated compensation temperature above a predetermined threshold, so the target temperature can be reduced to heat the building less. In this compensation temperature also expected effects, such as an expected increase in temperature can be considered. Since the compensation temperature includes weather data and building occupancy data, unnecessary energy consumption is thus prevented. Changing the setpoint temperature will in turn regulate the actual temperature.

According to another aspect of the method, the actual temperature is regulated by adjusting a supply air temperature of an air supply of the building part based on the compensation temperature. By changing the supply air temperature, the actual temperature of the building part can be regulated, as it depends on the temperature of the supplied air.

According to another aspect of the method, adjusting the actual temperature is accomplished by adjusting a pumping speed and / or a maximum operating time of a pump providing cooling and / or heating means for heating the building part based on the compensation temperature. The method can thus regulate the amount of cooling and heating means provided and thereby regulate the actual temperature even at a fixed, non-adjustable target temperature.

According to another aspect of the method, adjusting the actual temperature is accomplished by adjusting a fan speed and / or maximum operating time of a fan that provides air for cooling the building part based on the compensation temperature. The method can thus regulate the heat supplied by the air and thereby regulate the actual temperature.

According to another aspect of the method, regulating the actual temperature by adjusting the degree of opening of at least one valve ( 403 . 404 ), which is introduced into a supply line of cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating of the building part, carried out based on the compensation temperature. By means of the valves, the supply of cooling and / or heating means can be adjusted to the building part.

According to another aspect of the method, adjusting the actual temperature by adjusting the degree of opening of at least one ventilation flap, which is introduced into a supply line of an air supply of the building part, based on the compensation temperature is performed. As a result, the amount supplied can be adjusted.

According to a further aspect, the control device comprises a pump for providing a cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating the building part. The control unit is designed to regulate the actual temperature of the building part by adjusting a pumping speed and / or maximum operating time of the pump.

According to a further aspect, the control device comprises a supply device, which contains a cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating the building part. The control unit is designed to regulate a supply temperature of the cooling and / or heating means.

Brief description of the drawings

Show it:

1 a flowchart of a method for controlling an actual temperature of a building part of a building according to an embodiment of the invention;

2 to 7 Diagrams for explaining methods for controlling an actual temperature of a building part of a building according to embodiments of the invention;

8th . 9 . 11 Block diagrams of a control device for controlling an actual temperature of a building part according to embodiments of the invention; and

10 . 12 each a schematic structure of a control device for controlling an actual temperature of a building part according to embodiments of the invention.

In all figures, the same or functionally identical elements and devices - unless otherwise stated - provided with the same reference numerals. The numbering of method steps is for the sake of clarity and, in particular, should not, unless otherwise indicated, imply a particular chronological order. In particular, several method steps can be carried out simultaneously.

Description of the embodiments

1 shows a flowchart for explaining a method for controlling an actual temperature of a building part of a building. A part of the building may include a single room, a large number of rooms, a floor or even the entire building.

In a first step S1, weather data and building occupancy data are acquired.

The weather data include, for example, a measurement of an ambient temperature T _{U of} the building part or building, such as a thermometer, which is arranged on an outside of the building. The weather data may also include the measurement of an actual temperature of the building part by a thermometer located in the building part. However, the weather data may also include a prediction of the ambient temperature T _{U of} an environment of the building. These predictions may be based on meteorological data, for example, or on an evaluation of historical data, such as measurements over a longer period of time, based on which future weather data can be deduced. The weather data may be a prediction for an average temperature in the next N hours, where N is between one and ten, for example. The weather data may therefore include a measurement and / or prediction of an ambient temperature of the building and a solar radiation on the building.

A building occupancy designates the number of people who are in the building part of the building. Corresponding building occupancy data can be determined either based on a count of the persons and / or on a prediction of the persons in the building. The prediction can be determined by averaging acquired historical data. The building occupancy data may thus include a count and / or prediction of the persons in the building.

Both weather data and building occupancy data may depend on a time t, such as the time of day, the season or the day of the week.

In a second step S2, a target temperature T _{soll is} set. The target temperature T _soll can be set, for example, to a fixed, time-independent value, or to a value which depends on a time of day, season or the day of the week. For example, in summer the target temperature T _{soll can be set} to a higher value than in winter to reduce energy consumption for heating or cooling. The target temperature T _soll can be set to a lower value, for example in an office building outside the opening hours in winter, and to a higher value in summer.

The target temperature T _soll can for example be set only locally, such as directly in the building by adjusting thermostatic valves to radiators of the building part. In this case, the target temperature T _should not be changed centrally.

In a third step S3, a compensation _temperature T _{comp is} calculated.

For example, a compensation _temperature T _comp for the following N hours, where N is between one and ten, for example, can be calculated using the following formula: T _comp = T _by + F · (Σ _i (α _i · β _i (t) · γ _i (t) · I) + φ · n)

The index i denotes the spatial orientation of the building part, i. for example, i ε {N, S, W, O}, where N, S, W and O take into account an opening of the building part to the north, south, west or east.

Here, T denotes _the average over the following hours north ambient temperature of the building part. This can be calculated from the weather data, such as averaging the meteorologically predicted ambient temperature for the following N hours, or it can be derived from measured historical values.

Input I is the average horizontal solar radiation, averaged over the next N hours. This size can also be calculated from predicted or measured weather data.

Input n is the average number of people that will be in the building for the following N hours. This size is calculated based on the building occupancy data.

α _i is a factor that depends on environmental influences. The factor α _i can, for example, take into account the change in the permeability of the windows of the building due to soiling and / or the shading of the building by adjacent objects, such as other houses or trees. The factor α _i can be assumed to be time-variable or constant.

The factor β _i depends on the time t and parameterizes the blind operation of the building. β _i thus takes into account how much solar radiation can reach the building through the windows, taking into account whether at the time t blinds of the building part are opened or closed. For example, if the time at which the blinds of the building part are lowered, set and thus known, then this time dependence is transferred to the factor β _i .

γ _i is a geometric factor, which takes into account the conversion of the horizontal solar radiation to the different orientations of the building as well as the different window areas of the facades of the building part, which are exposed to the solar radiation. Due to the different position of the sun, the factor γ _i depends on the time t.

The factor φ converts the average predicted number of persons n, averaged over the next N hours, into one power. The factor φ considers the internal loads by persons as well as by associated work equipment.

The factor F finally serves to convert the power into a temperature.

In this case, the factors α _i , β _i and γ _i can either be predefined, for example by empirical trial and error, or regulated to optimum values. α _i , β _i and γ _i are numerical values which are typically between 0 and 1.

The parameter F depends on the building construction, insulation and infiltration of the building. The parameter F can be determined, for example, by setting a maximum allowable compensation, for example to 5 ° C. This maximum allowed compensation K _max is defined as the deviation of the compensation temperature T _comp from the averaged ambient temperature T _um . A maximum value J _{max of} the factor (α _i * β _i (t) * γ _i (t) * I + φ * n) is estimated using the maximum values for α _i , β _i , γ _i and φ and the factor is evaluated for given I and n. The factor F is then calculated as F = K _max / J _max . For example, F = 0.2 ° C / kW, where the exact value can be set on the building.

The invention is not limited thereto. For example, the compensated temperature can also be determined by the following equation: T _comp = T _by + α * γ · I + φ * · n.

Here, only three parameters have to be determined, where γ corresponds to the γ _i defined above, α * parameterizes the effects of the product of F, α _i and β _i , and φ * the effects of the product of F and φ.

By way of the dependence on the average number of persons n, the compensated temperature T _comp depends on the building _occupancy data, and on the average ambient temperature T _um and the average solar radiation I the compensated temperature T _comp depends on the weather data.

In a fourth step S4, the actual temperature T _{ist of} the building part is regulated based on the compensation temperature. A control unit predefines the setpoints for one or more control units based on the compensation temperature. The control unit has the goal to avoid unnecessary heat input and heat dissipation, taking into account disturbance variables. The control unit is adapted to the actual temperature _T of the building part _to within a certain temperature range around the set in step S2 setpoint temperature T hold. In this case, different controlled variables can be used, such as, for example, a mass flow of the heating or cooling medium and / or a supply air temperature of the air supply and / or a setpoint temperature of the building part.

2 shows a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention. Here, the regulation of the actual temperature T _{ist is performed} by setting the target temperature T _soll based on the compensation temperature T _comp . If the calculated compensation temperature T _comp lies below a lower compensation temperature T _{comp, 1} , the setpoint temperature T _{soll is set} to an upper setpoint temperature T _{soll, 2} . If the calculated compensation temperature T _{comp is} above an upper compensation temperature T _{comp, 2} , which is higher than the lower compensation temperature T _{comp, 1} , then the target temperature T _{soll is set} to a lower target temperature T _{soll, 1} , which is lower than the upper target temperature T _{soll, 2} is. For compensation temperatures between the lower compensation temperature T _{comp, 1} and the upper compensation temperature T _{comp, 2} , the target temperature T _{soll is} linearly interpolated between the upper setpoint temperature T _{soll, 2} and the lower setpoint temperature T _{soll, 1} .

Preferably, the upper setpoint temperature T _{soll, 2} corresponds to the setpoint setpoint temperature T _soll . For compensation temperatures above the lower compensation temperature T _{comp, 1} , the setpoint temperature T _{soll is} thus set to a lower value. Based on this _{is to} set temperature T is thus the actual temperature T _is controlled to a lower value.

In particular, since the compensation temperature T _comp also includes the effects of weather data and building occupation data, these influences are taken into account, unlike the case where the actual temperature T _{ist would be used} instead of the compensation temperature T _komp for determining the target temperature. The lower target temperature T _{soll, 1} , the lower compensation temperature T _{comp, 1} and the upper compensation temperature T _{comp, 2} may be fixed or adjustable values, for example T _{comp, 1} = 15 ° C., T _{comp, 2} = 25 ° C, T _{soll, 1} = 20 ° C, T _{soll, 2} = 23 ° C. By a suitable choice of these temperature values, the actual temperature of the building part can be regulated precisely.

3 shows a diagram for explaining a further embodiment of the present method. According to this embodiment, the actual temperature is performed by adjusting a supply temperature T _{vers of} a heating means used for heating the building part. The determination of the supply temperature T _vers is here analogous to in 2 described setting of the target temperature T _soll performed. That is, for compensation _temperatures T _comp below the lower compensation _temperature T _{comp, 1} , the supply temperature T _{vers is set} to an upper supply temperature T _{vers, 2} , for compensation _temperatures T _comp above the upper compensation _temperature T _{comp, 2} , the supply temperature T _vers to a lower Supply temperature T _{vers, 1} fixed and interpolated linearly between them. At high compensation temperatures thereby the supply temperature of the heating medium is reduced.

This embodiment and the further following embodiments are particularly applicable even if the target temperature T _soll can not be changed directly, such as in the case of a decentralized control, the central control can not or only limited to the target temperature T _soll can control. The specified target temperature T _soll is not changed in this embodiment. A local controller tries to regulate the actual temperature T _ist to the specified target temperature T _soll . However, since the actual supply temperature T _vers deviates from the expected supply temperature T _verse, the actual temperature of the local control on one of the desired temperature T _set different value is regulated.

Analogously, the supply temperature T _{vers of} a coolant for cooling the building part can be set.

4 shows a diagram for explaining a further embodiment of the present method. Here, the regulation of the actual temperature by adjusting a supply air temperature T _vent an air supply of the building part, such as a ventilation or air conditioning is performed. The supply air temperature T _vent is hereby set analogously to the above-described method between an upper supply air temperature T _{vent, 2} and a lower supply air temperature T _{vent, 1} as a function of the compensation temperature T _comp . Again, the specified target temperature T _is not changed, but the actual temperature by adjusting the supply air temperature T _{vent is} regulated _{to a} different from the setpoint temperature T _soll value.

5 shows a further embodiment of the present method, in which case a maximum operating time t _{p of} a pump is set analogously to the above-described method between an upper maximum operating time t _{p, 2} and a lower maximum operating time t _{p, 1} as a function of the compensation temperature T _comp , The pump is designed to supply the building part with heating means. Even in the case where the target temperature T _soll can not be controlled directly, by setting the maximum operating time t _p, the supply amount can be set with heating means for heating the building part. The maximum operating time t _p may be, for example, that time during which the pump is active per unit time, for example per minute or per hour. The pump can be switched on or off either centrally or via a controllable valve which controls the flow between the pump and the supply device. The operating time t _p can be set, for example, by a controllable valve in the supply circuit of the building part. The specified setpoint temperature T _soll is not changed, but the actual temperature is regulated by setting the maximum operating time t _p to a value deviating from the setpoint temperature T _soll . Analogously, a maximum operating time t _{p of} a pump for supplying the building part with cooling means can be set.

6 shows a diagram for explaining a further embodiment of the present invention. In this case, a pumping speed v of a pump, which provides a heating means for the building part, is set. In this case, the pumping speed v varies analogously to the abovementioned embodiments between an upper pumping speed v ₂ and a lower pumping speed v ₁ . By changing the pumping speed v, the supply amount can be adjusted with heating means and thereby the actual temperature of the building part can be controlled. Also in this embodiment, the specified target temperature T _is not changed, but the actual temperature by adjusting the pump speed v is adjusted to a different from the target temperature T _soll value. Again, a pump speed v of a pump for providing a coolant can be set analogously.

According to a further embodiment, the pumping speed v can also be adjusted in discrete steps between the upper pumping speed v ₂ and the lower pumping speed v ₁ , as in the modification of the previous embodiment, as a function of the compensation temperature T _komp 7 shown.

According to a further embodiment, the actual temperature T _ist by adjusting a Fan speed v _vent and / or a maximum operating time t _vent a fan, which provides air for cooling or heating of the building part performed. The setting of the ventilation speed v _vent and the maximum operating time t _{vent of} the fan is performed analogously to the just described setting of the pump speed v or the maximum operating time t _{p of} the pump.

The order of the steps is not limited by the mentioned embodiments. For example, the setpoint temperature T _{soll can} also be set only after the compensation temperature T _{comp has been} calculated.

8th shows a control device 100 for controlling an actual temperature T _is a building part. The control device 100 comprises a detection device 101 for collecting weather data and building occupancy data. The detection device 101 For example, thermometer may include for detecting a temperature of the building part or a radio interface for detecting meteorological weather reports. The detection device can furthermore have a device for detecting persons in the building, for example a time recording device.

The control device 100 further comprises a control unit 102 which may include a microprocessor and a memory. The control unit 102 is designed to set a desired temperature T _soll . In this case, the setpoint temperature T _soll can be set to approximately a predetermined value, or it can be set to a time-dependent, in particular seasonal, daytime or weekday-dependent value. The control unit 102 may calculate a compensation _temperature T _comp based on the weather data and the building occupancy data as described above.

The control unit 102 For example, based on the compensation temperature T _comp, the actual temperature T _{ist of} the building part can be regulated, for example according to one of the above-mentioned embodiments.

According to one embodiment, the control unit 102 directly set the target temperature T _soll , as in 2 shown. The target temperature T _soll can be used by a local control unit to control the actual temperature T _ist .

9 shows a further embodiment of the control device according to the invention 100 , The control device 100 additionally includes a pump 201 for providing a cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating the building part. The control unit 102 is designed to regulate the actual temperature T _{ist of} the building part in that it has a pumping speed v and / or a maximum operating time t _{p of} the pump 201 as in the 5 and 6 shown and described above, set.

10 shows the control unit 102 , which of the detection device 101 Weather data and building occupancy data were provided. The control unit 102 regulates the pump speed v and / or maximum operating time t _{p of} the pump 201 , The pump 201 in this case supplies a heater 203 which is located in the building part, wherein the target temperature T _soll via a valve 202 independent of a central control is adjustable. The temperature which is actually regulated may deviate from the set target temperature T _soll , in that a supply quantity of heating and / or cooling means deviates from the expected quantity.

The invention is not limited thereto. So can the control device 100 Also include a fan, wherein a fan speed v _vent and / or a maximum operating time t _vent as described above based on the basis of the compensation temperature T _{comp is} adjustable.

11 shows a further embodiment of the control device according to the invention 100 , This additionally includes a supply device 301 which contains a cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating the building part. The control unit 102 is configured to regulate a supply temperature T _{vers of} the cooling and / or heating means.

In 12 is a system with two different building parts shown. The control unit 102 this can be the supply of cooling and / or heating means of a first part of the building 401 by means of a first valve 404 and a second part of the building 402 by means of a second valve 403 Taxes. Through a connection 405 is that amount of cooling and / or heating means, which is not the first part of the building 401 or the second part of the building 402 is returned to a supply device. By opening and closing the first valve 404 and the second valve 403 can the control unit 102 regulate either a pumping speed and / or a maximum operating time. The control unit 102 achieved by opening and closing the valves 403 and 404 a similar effect, as in a situation in which the pump 201 is controlled directly by adjusting pump speed and operating time. The pump 201 However, this must not be controlled directly. In addition, the system according to the invention makes it possible to individually limit the heat supply or removal for several parts of the building, although only one pump 201 is used by valves of the respective building parts are opened and closed accordingly. An opening time of the first valve 404 or the second valve 403 can be analogous to a in 5 shown curve, wherein the operating time t _{p of} the pump in this case corresponds to the opening time of the valves.

According to a further embodiment, the actual temperature T _{ist can be performed} by adjusting at least one ventilation flap. The ventilation flap is in this case introduced into a supply line of an air supply of the building part. For example, the degree of opening of the ventilation _{flap can be} adjusted as a function of the compensation _temperature T _comp .

The invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments. In particular, various embodiments may be combined. For example, adjusting an opening time of valves 403 . 404 with an adjustment of an operating time t _{p of} a pump or a pump speed v of the pump 201 be combined.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19537850 A1 [0003]
• US 2013/0231792 A1 [0004]

Claims (10)

A method for controlling an actual temperature (T _ist ) of a building part of a building, comprising the steps of: detecting (S1) weather data and building occupancy data; Determining (S2) a setpoint temperature (T _soll ); Calculating (S3) a compensation temperature (T _comp ) based on the weather data and the building occupancy data; Regulating (S4) the actual temperature (T _ist ) of the building part based on the compensation temperature. The method of claim 1, wherein the regulating the actual temperature (T _ist ) by adjusting the target temperature (T _soll ) based on the compensation temperature (T _comp ) is performed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the regulating the actual temperature (T _ist ) by adjusting a supply air temperature (T _vent ) of an air supply of the building part based on the compensation temperature (T _comp ) is performed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein regulating the actual temperature (T _ist ) by adjusting a pumping speed (v) and / or a maximum operating time (t _p ) of a pump ( 201 ), which provides a cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating of the building part, based on the compensation temperature (T _komp ) is performed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein regulating the actual temperature (T _ist ) by adjusting a fan speed (v _vent ) and / or a maximum operating time (t _vent ) of a fan, which provides air for cooling or heating of the building part, based on the compensation temperature (T _comp ) is performed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein regulating the actual temperature (T _ist ) by adjusting the opening degree of at least one valve ( 403 . 404 ), which is introduced into a supply line of cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating of the building part, based on the compensation temperature (T _komp ) is performed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the regulating the actual temperature (T _ist ) by adjusting the opening degree of at least one ventilation flap, which is introduced into a supply line of an air supply of the building part, based on the compensation temperature (T _comp ) is performed. Control device ( 100 ) for controlling an actual temperature (T _ist ) of a building part, comprising: at least one detection device ( 101 ) for acquiring weather data and building occupancy data; and a control unit ( 102 ) configured to set a target temperature (T _soll ) and calculate a compensation temperature (T _comp ) based on the weather data and the building occupancy data; the control unit ( 102 ) is formed based on the compensation temperature (T _comp ) to regulate the actual temperature (T _ist ) of the building part. Control device ( 100 ) according to claim 8 with a pump ( 201 ) for providing a cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating the building part, wherein the control unit ( 102 ), the actual temperature (T _ist ) of the building part by setting a pumping speed (v) and / or maximum operating time (T _P ) of the pump ( 201 ) to regulate. Control device ( 100 ) according to claim 8 with a supply device ( 301 ), which contains a cooling and / or heating means for cooling or heating the building part, wherein the control unit ( 102 ) is adapted to regulate a supply temperature (T _vers ) of the cooling and / or heating means.

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