DE102013210736A1 - Device for determining the position of mechanical elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for determining the position of a first mechanical element (10, 110) and a second mechanical element (14, 110) relative to one another, with a first measuring unit (18) for attachment to the first mechanical element (10, 110) and a second measuring unit (22) for attachment to the second mechanical element (14, 110) and an evaluation unit (24) by means of a laser, mouse sensor and optionally a reflector.

Description

The invention relates to a device for determining the position of a first and a second mechanical element to each other, with a first measuring unit for attachment to the first mechanical element and a second measuring unit for attachment to the second mechanical element and an evaluation unit.

Such a device can be designed, for example, to determine the alignment of two shafts with respect to one another.

Typically, in such Ausrichtmessvorrichtungen at least one of the two measuring units on a light source for generating a light beam whose impact point is determined on one or more detectors on the other measuring unit or on a detector on the measuring unit provided with the light source, in the latter case, the other measuring unit the light beam reflected back. Typically, to determine the orientation of the waves relative to one another, the position of the point of incidence of the light beam is determined in a plurality of rotational angle positions, for which purpose the measuring units are displaced along the circumferential surface or the shafts are rotated by the measuring units.

In the DE 33 20 163 A1 and the DE 39 11 307 A1 Shaft alignment measuring devices are described in which the first measuring unit emits a light beam, which is reflected back from a mirror prism of the second measuring unit to an optical detector of the first measuring unit.

In the DE 33 35 336 A1 a shaft alignment measuring apparatus is described, in which both the first and the second measuring unit each emit a light beam and having an optical detector, wherein the light beam is respectively directed to the detector of the other measuring unit.

From the DE 38 14 466 A1 a shaft alignment measuring device is known in which the first measuring unit emits a light beam which falls on two in the axial direction successively arranged optical detectors of the second measuring unit.

From the WO 03/067187 A1 a shaft alignment measuring device is known in which the first measuring unit emits a fan-shaped beam which falls on two in the axial direction successively arranged optical detectors of the second measuring unit.

From the WO 00/28275 A1 a shaft alignment measuring device is known, in which two measuring units are attached to one end face of the two shafts, wherein the first measuring unit emits a fan-shaped light beam, the three arranged in a plane of the second measuring device marking pins laterally hits.

In the EP 0 962 746 A2 a shaft alignment measuring apparatus is described, wherein the first unit comprises a source of a light beam in a first color, a beam splitter and a color-sensitive CCD detector and the second unit comprises a source of a light beam in a second color and a color splitter (color-selective beam splitter ) which reflects the first color and transmits the second color, the light source of the second unit being disposed behind the color divider as viewed from the first unit and the light source of the first unit being disposed behind the beam splitter, as viewed from the second unit.

As a common feature of the shaft alignment measuring devices appreciated so far, it should be noted that in each case the point of impact of a light beam on a detector surface is determined and evaluated.

From the DE 40 41 723 A1 a device is known for determining the position of a measuring point relative to a reference point for controlling or advancing the drilling of a bore, which has a plurality of measuring stations which are arranged in the bore or on the drill head and each have a camera with a marking, each camera marks the adjacent camera or measuring station.

From the WO 2010/042039 A1 For example, a shaft alignment measuring apparatus is known, in which each of the two measuring units is provided with a camera arranged in a housing, wherein the housing side facing the other unit is provided with an optical pattern which is picked up by the opposite camera. The patterned housing side is in each case provided with an opening through which the opposite pattern is imaged. In an alternative embodiment, one of the two units is provided with only one camera, but not with a pattern, while the other unit has no camera but is provided with a three-dimensional pattern.

Furthermore, can a device of the type mentioned instead of the shaft alignment for the determination of the straightness or flatness of an object, for. B. a rail or a floor surface can be used. According to a further alternative, a device of the type mentioned above for measuring the position of bodies with respect to a reference axis can be used, for. B. for the measurement of cylindrical hollow bodies with respect to a central axis of symmetry, as for example in the EP 0 543 971 B1 is described.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for determining the position of two mechanical elements to each other, which is particularly simple and inexpensive.

This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.

In the case of the solution according to the invention, it is advantageous that the evaluation unit is designed to detect the position of the detector relative to the beam bundle from a comparison of at least one image recorded by the detector with the desired brightness distribution of the beam bundle, if the detector only uses a portion of the cross-sectional area of the beam is illuminated at the position of the detector to detect the position of the two measuring units to each other, a relatively small detector with a relatively small number of pixels can be used, whereby the detector costs can be reduced and due to the relative small number of pixels, the evaluation can be simplified.

For example, this makes it possible to use image sensors as detectors, as used in optical computer mice, and to be available at relatively low cost.

Preferably, the device for determining the alignment of shafts to each other is formed, wherein the first measuring unit is designed for attachment to a peripheral surface of the first shaft and the second measuring unit for attachment to a peripheral surface of the second shaft. However, the device may alternatively be designed to determine the straightness of a body, wherein the first and second mechanical elements are then parts of a common body. According to a further alternative, the device may be designed to determine the position of a body relative to a reference axis; z. B. for determining the position of the center axis of curvature of a circular cylindrical hollow body with respect to a predetermined by the central axis of another body reference axis (such surveys are required for example in the assembly of turbines).

Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

In the following the invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:

1 a schematic side view of a first example of a device according to the invention;

2 a view like 1 showing a modified example;

3 a view like 1 showing another modified example;

4 a view like 1 , wherein a modification of the example of 1 is shown;

5 a view like 2 , wherein a modification of the example of 2 is shown;

6 an example of a brightness distribution of a radiation beam generated by a device according to the invention at a short distance from the light source (above) and at a greater distance from the light source (bottom);

7 another example of a brightness distribution of a radiation beam generated by a device according to the invention;

8th a further example of the brightness distribution of a radiation beam generated by a device according to the invention;

9 a schematic view of a composite of several individual images of the detector of a device according to the invention overall image;

10 an example of a detector of a device according to the invention with an upstream optics for adjusting the apparent size of the detector; and

11 a view like 1 However, an application of the measuring units of 1 is shown for a straightness measurement instead of a shaft alignment.

In 1 is a first example of a device according to the invention for determining the orientation of a first wave 10 a machine 12 and a second wave 14 a machine 16 shown to each other. The device comprises a first measuring unit 18 that is an element 20 for attachment to a peripheral surface of the first shaft 10 and a second measuring unit 22 that is an element 20 for attachment to a peripheral surface of the second shaft 14 having. Furthermore, the device comprises an evaluation unit 24 that in the example of 1 when Part of the second measuring unit 22 but could also be implemented as part of an external device. The two waves 10 and 14 are as aligned as possible with respect to a reference axis 26 arranged, the device with the two measuring units 18 . 22 serves to a possible angular offset and / or parallel offset with respect to the reference axis 26 or relative to each other to determine. The device also typically includes means for displaying the result of angular misalignment (not shown in the figures).

In the example of 1 is the first measuring unit 18 with means for generating a divergent beam 28 provided with a predetermined Sollbelligkeitsverteilung, which is a light source 30 and an optical arrangement 32 have, wherein the light of the light source 30 on and through the optical arrangement 32 falls. At the light source 30 it can be a laser diode, for example a multimode laser diode, multibeam laser diode or a VCSEL laser diode, or an LED. The optical arrangement 32 may comprise a refractive element for generating a refractive pattern, a diffractive element for generating a diffraction pattern and / or a gray filter for producing an absorption pattern. In particular, the arrangement 32 have a so-called diffractive optical element. In the brightness distribution of the divergent beam 28 For example, it may be a Gaussian profile, as in 6 illustrated, or an annular profile, as in 7 illustrates ("donut mode") act. An example of a Gaussian brightness distribution of the individual beam cross sections 38 ' when using a multibeam laser diode is in 8th shown.

In the example of 1 indicates the second measuring unit 22 a detector 34 on, which is designed as a biaxial optical detector and is dimensioned so that it is the typical use of the two measuring units 18 . 22 only with a part of the cross-sectional area of the beam 28 at the position of the detector 34 is illuminated. Preferably, the detector becomes 34 , according to specification maximum distance between the measuring units 18 . 22 , with less than 50% of the cross-sectional area of the beam at the position of the detector 34 illuminated. Due to the divergence of the beam 28 The degree of lateral over-radiation of the detector depends on the distance between the two measuring units 18 . 22 from, at a shorter distance the over-radiation is less pronounced, ie at smaller distances, the detector 34 illuminated with a larger proportion of the beam cross-sectional area than at a greater distance (this is in 6 exemplified, wherein the individual images with 36 and the beam cross-sectional area with 38 are designated; in the upper right part of 6 is a lesser and in the lower part a greater distance of the measuring units 18 . 22 with according to the beam divergence larger beam cross section 38 illustrated; top left is in 6 a reduced representation of the lower part of 6 in which the displacement in the x-direction and in the y-direction between two detector positions 36 . 36 ' is shown). The divergence of the beam is preferably at least 1 degree.

Preferably, the detector has 34 along each of the two axes between 16 and 64 pixels, the pixels preferably having a size of 20 to 80 μm. For example, the detector may be 34 to act on an image sensor, as used in optical computer mice; Such sensors are available at particularly low cost. A suitable sensor is available, for example, under the type designation ADNS3080 from Avago Technologies. By way of example, if the sensor has 30 × 30 pixels with a pixel size of 60 μm, the result is a sensor dimension of approximately 2 × 2 mm.

The detector 34 serves to record a sequence of images which the evaluation unit 24 be supplied. For example, the detector 34 be formed to take several 1000 images per second.

The evaluation unit 24 is designed to be compared to that of the detector 34 taken pictures with the desired brightness distribution of the beam 28 the respective position of the detector 34 with respect to the beam 28 when capturing the image. This can then be the location of the two measuring units 18 . 22 be detected relative to each other. This is exemplary in the 6 and 7 illustrates where a sequence of image positions 36 within the brightness distribution or cross-sectional area 38 of the beam 28 is shown.

The position of the respective image taken by the detector with respect to the beam 28 is preferably determined by the correlation between the image and the desired brightness distribution of the beam 28 is determined or maximized, that is, the respective image is shifted with respect to the target brightness distribution until the correlation becomes maximum. Fourier or Laplace transforms can be used in the evaluation. Basically, in the evaluation of the images, a data reduction by means of (feature) vector formation and / or torque formation can take place. In particular, the tracking, ie the tracking of the positional shift from one image to the next, by formation of Displacement vectors take place. An improvement in the accuracy of the position determination can be effected, for example, by combining a plurality of images recorded by the detector into an overall image (such a composite image is shown in FIG 9 at 36 ' illustrated), which is compared with the desired brightness distribution to the position of the individual images - and thus the position of the detector 34 when taking the respective image - with respect to the beam 28 to investigate. The determination of an overall picture from smaller single shots is known in digital photography as "stitching".

From the comparison of the size of a structure in an image with the size of the corresponding structure in the target brightness distribution, the distance between the first measuring unit 18 and the second measuring unit 22 be estimated. From the angular position of a structure in the image compared to the angular position corresponding structure in the Sollbelligkeitsverteilung can the rotation between the first measuring unit 18 and the second measuring unit 22 be estimated (ie the rotation about the longitudinal axis of the beam 28 ).

Furthermore, in the evaluation of the detector 34 taken pictures 36 a series of the images taken by the detector are formed, which is then subjected to an autocorrelation analysis (ie the series of images forms the signal which is subjected to an autocorrelation analysis, so to speak).

Furthermore, an error compensation calculation can be carried out during the evaluation of the images. Thus, it is typically known along which position curve the images should shift in the course of the measurement, wherein the desired measurement result can be represented as a parameter of the displacement curve. For example, results in the measurement of the shaft alignment according to 1 an ellipse along which the position of the detector 34 with respect to the beam 28 Should shift if the two measurement units 18 . 22 in the Umschlagverfahren along the peripheral surface of the waves 10 . 14 around the axis 26 are rotated, the wave misalignment being reflected by the shape of the ellipse. By error compensation calculation with respect to the expected displacement curve then the corresponding curve parameters can be determined from the measured data. Such a method is for example in the DE 39 11 307 A1 described. The error compensation calculation can be done for example by minimizing the error squares.

The evaluation of the images can for example be simplified by the fact that the detector 34 an optical filter, for example a gray filter is connected upstream (such a filter is in 1 With 40 indicated). As a result, for example, a multiplication in the weighting of the pixels can be replaced or saved.

The evaluation of the images can also be designed in such a way that those of the evaluation unit 24 required computing services, programs and / or data in a so-called cloud, ie provided on an external Internet server, preferably with costs.

As in 10 is shown schematically, may be provided on the detector, a spherical or cylindrical optics, the detector 34 is preceded by the apparent size of the detector with respect to the beam 28 , ie the dimensions of the brightness distribution of the beam 28 at the location of the detector 34 to adapt. The optics 42 acts as a kind of magnifying glass. The apparent size of the detector 34 is in 10 With 34 ' indicated. This forms the optics 42 a part of that measuring unit 18 . 22 which the detector 34 has (in the example of 1 this is the second measuring unit 22 ).

In the example of 1 forms the detector 34 a part of the second measuring unit 22 , where the ray bundle 28 without the interposition of a beam deflecting element directly on the detector 34 falls, but possibly with upstream of elements such as the gray filter 40 and the optics 42 , A modification of the principle of 2 is in 4 shown where the second measuring unit 22 additionally with a second light source 130 and a second optical arrangement 132 for generating a second beam 128 which is on the first measuring unit 18 is directed, in addition to a second detector 134 in the manner of the detector 34 is provided. The second detector 134 serves to the position of the second detector 134 on the basis of the second detector 134 recorded images with respect to the desired brightness distribution of the second beam 128 to investigate. For this purpose, those of the second detector 134 obtained image data together with those of the (first) detector 34 the evaluation unit 24 fed. The second beam 128 is preferably in an analogous manner as the first beam 28 formed, wherein the second detector 134 in a similar way to the first detector 34 is outshone, ie the second detector 134 is only with a part of the cross-sectional area of the second beam 128 at the position of the second detector 134 illuminated.

By the provision of a second beam 128 and a second detector 134 Accordingly, additional degrees of freedom in the orientation of the two measuring units 18 . 22 be determined relative to each other. Furthermore, it can also the accuracy can be increased, z. B. in the determination of the distance between the two measuring units 18 . 22 ,

Another variation of the example of 1 is in 2 shown, the detector 34 instead of the second measuring unit 22 together with the light source 30 and the optical arrangement 32 in the first measuring unit 18 is arranged. The second measuring unit 22 is in this case with a Strahlumlenkelement 44 provided by the light source 30 and the optical arrangement 32 generated light bundles 28 on the first measuring unit 18 or the detector arranged there 34 directed. The beam deflection element 44 For example, it can be designed as a mirror, as a roof prism or as a triple prism. At the in 2 example shown that falls from the Strahlumlenkelement 44 deflected beams without the interposition of a beam splitter directly to the detector 34 (which, however, like in 1 certain elements can be arranged upstream), wherein the detector 34 eccentric with respect to the light source 30 or the optical arrangement 32 is arranged.

In 3 is a modification of the example of 22 shown, with a beam splitter 46 in the area of the beam 28 is provided to that of the Strahlumlenkelement 44 deflected beams 28 on the detector 34 distract.

In 5 is a modification of the example of 2 shown in which similar as in 4 a second light source 130 , a second optical arrangement 132 for generating a second beam 128 and a second detector 134 are provided. Both are light sources 30 . 130 , both optical arrangements 32 . 132 and both detectors 34 . 134 as part of the first measuring unit 18 formed while the second measuring unit 22 in addition to the deflecting element 44 for redirecting the (first) beam 28 a second deflecting element 144 for deflecting the second beam 128 to the second detector 134 having. The second beam 128 and the corresponding arrangement of the associated components 130 . 132 . 134 and 144 is at 90 ° about the longitudinal axis 26 with respect to the corresponding arrangement of the first beam 28 turned.

It is understood that not only the arrangement according to 2 but also the arrangement according to 3 with beam splitter in an analogous way to the 4 and 5 with two beams 28 . 128 can be trained.

Preferably, the embodiments with Stahlumlenkelement, as used for example in 2 . 3 and 5 are shown formed so that the apparatus as a whole forms an autocollimator arrangement (an autocollimator arrangement for angle measurement is, for example, in US Pat DE 103 27 939 A1 described).

In principle, in all embodiments, the evaluation of the images can take place such that, in addition to a basic evaluation, which is subjected to each individual image, a part of the images, for. B. every tenth image, subjected to an additional complex image processing or supplied. This may be, for example, the above-mentioned composition of images to a larger image by stitching.

Another variation of the device of 1 is in 11 shown. While the device is in 1 to determine the orientation of the waves 10 . 14 is formed, the device of 11 for determining the straightness of a body 110 educated. This is shown by the measuring units 18 . 22 instead of the elements 20 for attaching the respective peripheral surface of the waves 10 . 14 elements 120 for flat form-fitting attachment to a surface to be measured 111 of the body 110 on. Straightness deviations of the surface 111 lead to tilting or rotation of the measuring units 18 . 22 relative to each other, resulting in a corresponding displacement of the images of the optical patterns on the detector 32 leads, from which the corresponding straightness deviations of the surface 111 can be determined. The measurement units can be over the area 111 be moved to measure the whole area.

• 1. Vorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Detektor einen Teil der zweiten Messeinheit bildet und das Strahlenbündel ohne Zwischenschaltung eines strahlablenkenden Elements direkt auf den Detektor fällt.
• 2. Vorrichtung gemäß Punkt 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Messeinheit Mittel zum Erzeugen eines zweiten divergenten Strahlenbündels mit einer vorgegebenen Soll-Helligkeitsverteilung aufweist, wobei die erste Messeinheit einen zweiten zweiachsigen optischen Detektor aufweist, und wobei die Auswertungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um bei der Erfassung der Lage der beiden Messeinheiten zueinander aus einem Vergleich von mindestens einem von dem zweiten Detektor aufgenommenen Bild mit der Soll-Helligkeitsverteilung des zweiten Strahlenbündels die Position des zweiten Detektors bezüglich des zweiten Strahlenbündels zu erfassen, wenn der zweite Detektor nur mit einem Teil der Querschnittsfläche des zweiten Strahlenbündels an der Position des zweiten Detektors beleuchtet wird.
• 3. Vorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Detektor einen Teil der ersten Messeinheit bildet, wobei die zweite Messeinheit ein Strahlumlenkelement aufweist, um das Strahlenbündel auf den Detektor zu richten.
• 4. Vorrichtung gemäß Punkt 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Strahlumlenkelement (44) als Spiegel, als Dachkantprisma oder als Tripelprisma ausgebildet ist.
• 5. Vorrichtung gemäß Punkt 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vom Strahlumlenkelement umgelenkte Strahlenbündel ohne Zwischenschaltung eines Strahlteilers direkt auf den Detektor fällt.
• 6. Vorrichtung gemäß Punkt 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Messeinheit einen Strahlteiler aufweist, um das vom Strahlumlenkelement umgelenkte Strahlenbündel auf den Detektor abzulenken.
• 7. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Punkte 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Strahlumlenkelement so ausgebildet und angeordnet ist, dass die Vorrichtung eine Autokollimatoranordnung bildet.
• 8. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Punkte 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Messeinheit Mittel zum Erzeugen eines zweiten divergenten Strahlenbündels mit einer vorgegebenen Soll-Helligkeitsverteilung sowie einen zweiten zweiachsigen optischen Detektor aufweist, und die Auswertungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um bei der Erfassung der Lage der beiden Messeinheiten zueinander aus einem Vergleich von mindestens einem von dem zweiten Detektor aufgenommenen Bild mit der Soll-Helligkeitsverteilung des zweiten Strahlenbündels die Position des zweiten Detektors bezüglich des zweiten Strahlenbündels zu erfassen, wenn der zweite Detektor nur mit einem Teil der Querschnittsfläche des zweiten Strahlenbündels an der Position des zweiten Detektors beleuchtet wird, und wobei die zweite Messeinheit ein zweites Strahlumlenkelement aufweist, um das zweite Lichtbündel auf den zweiten Detektor zu richten.
• 9. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Detektor ein optischer Filter vorgeschaltet ist, um die Auswertung der Bilder zu vereinfachen.
• 10. Vorrichtung gemäß Punkt 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Filter um einen Graufilter handelt.
• 11. Verwendung einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Detektor nur mit einem Teil der Querschnittsfläche des Strahlenbündels an der Position des Detektors beleuchtet wird.
• 12. Verwendung gemäß Punkt 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Auswertung der von dem Detektor aufgenommenen Bild(er) eine Datenreduktion mittels Vektorbildung und/oder Momentenbildung erfolgt.
• 13. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere von dem Detektor aufgenommene Bilder mittels eines Stitching-Verfahrens zu einem Gesamtbild zusammengesetzt werden, welches mit der Soll-Helligkeitsverteilung verglichen wird, um die Positionen der einzelnen Bilder – und damit die Position des Detektors bei Aufnahme des jeweiligen Bilds – bezüglich des Strahlenbündels zu bestimmen.
• 14. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Korrelation zwischen jedem von dem Detektor aufgenommenen Bild mit der Soll-Helligkeitsverteilung ermittelt wird, um die Position des Detektors bezüglich des Strahlenbündels zu ermitteln.
• 15. Verwendung gemäß Punkt 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Korrelationsermittlung Fourier- oder Laplace-Transformationen verwendet werden.
• 16. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus der Größe einer Struktur in dem Bild durch Vergleich mit der Soll-Helligkeitsverteilung der Abstand zwischen der ersten Messeinheit und der zweiten Messeinheit abgeschätzt wird.
• 17. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus der Winkellage einer Struktur in dem Bild durch Vergleich mit der Soll-Helligkeitsverteilung eine Verdrehung zwischen der ersten Messeinheit und der zweiten Messeinheit abgeschätzt wird.
• 18. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Auswertung der von dem Detektor aufgenommenen Bilder eine Reihe der von dem Detektor aufgenommenen Bilder gebildet wird, die einer Autokorrelationsanalyse unterzogen wird.
• 19. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Auswertung der von dem Detektor aufgenommenen Bilder eine Fehlerausgleichsrechnung bezüglich einer erwarteten Verlagerungskurve der beiden Messeinheiten zueinander durchgeführt wird.
• 20. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von der Auswerteeinheit verwendete Programme und/oder Daten auf einem externen Internet-Server, vorzugsweise kostenpflichtig, bereitgestellt werden.
• 21. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem ersten und/oder zweiten mechanischen Element um ein Maschinenelement handelt.
• 22. Verwendung gemäß Punkt 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem ersten Maschinenelement um eine erste Welle und bei dem zweiten Maschinenelement um eine zweite Welle handelt, wobei die erste Messeinheit zum Ansetzen an eine Umfangsfläche der ersten Welle und die zweite Messeinheit zum Ansetzen an eine Umfangsfläche der zweiten Welle ausgebildet ist, und wobei die Auswerteeinheit aus mehreren sequentiell in unterschiedlichen Positionen der ersten und zweiten Messeinheit, die unterschiedlichen Rotationswinkelpositionen der Wellen entsprechen, aufgenommenen Bildern des Detektors die Ausrichtung der Wellen zueinander ermittelt.
• 23. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und zweite Messeinheit entlang der Umfangsrichtung der jeweiligen Welle verschoben wird.
• 24. Verwendung gemäß Punkt 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei ersten und zweiten mechanischen Element um Teile eines gemeinsamen Körpers handelt.
• 25. Verwendung gemäß Punkt 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln der Geradheit des Körpers verwendet wird.
• 26. Verwendung gemäß einem der Punkte 11 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Detektor mit weniger als 50% der Querschnittsfläche des Strahlenbündels an der Position des Detektors beleuchtet wird.

The device is further characterized by the following points:

• 1. Device, characterized in that the detector forms part of the second measuring unit and the beam falls directly on the detector without the interposition of a beam deflecting element.
• 2. Device according to item 1, characterized in that the second measuring unit comprises means for generating a second divergent beam having a predetermined target brightness distribution, wherein the first measuring unit comprises a second biaxial optical detector, and wherein the evaluation unit is designed to be in the Detecting the position of the two measuring units to each other from a comparison of at least one recorded by the second detector image with the target brightness distribution of the second beam to detect the position of the second detector with respect to the second beam when the second detector only with a part of the cross-sectional area of the second beam is illuminated at the position of the second detector.
• 3. Device, characterized in that the detector forms part of the first measuring unit, wherein the second measuring unit comprises a beam deflection element for directing the beam onto the detector.
• 4. Device according to item 3, characterized in that the Strahlumlenkelement ( 44 ) is designed as a mirror, as a roof prism or as a triple prism.
• 5. The device according to item 3 or 4, characterized in that the deflected by Strahlumlenkelement beam without the interposition of a beam splitter falls directly on the detector.
• 6. The device according to item 3 or 4, characterized in that the first measuring unit comprises a beam splitter to deflect the deflected by Strahlumlenkelement beam to the detector.
• 7. Device according to one of the points 3 to 6, characterized in that the Strahlumlenkelement is formed and arranged so that the device forms an autocollimator assembly.
• 8. Device according to one of the points 3 to 7, characterized in that the first measuring unit comprises means for generating a second divergent beam having a predetermined target brightness distribution and a second biaxial optical detector, and the evaluation unit is adapted to the detection of the Position of the two measuring units to each other from a comparison of at least one recorded by the second detector image with the target brightness distribution of the second beam to detect the position of the second detector with respect to the second beam, when the second detector only with a part of the cross-sectional area of the second beam is illuminated at the position of the second detector, and wherein the second measuring unit has a second Strahlumlenkelement to direct the second light beam to the second detector.
• 9. Device according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that the detector is preceded by an optical filter in order to simplify the evaluation of the images.
• 10. The device according to item 9, characterized in that it is the filter is a gray filter.
• 11. Use of a device according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that the detector is illuminated only with a part of the cross-sectional area of the beam at the position of the detector.
• 12. Use according to item 11, characterized in that in the evaluation of the image taken by the detector (s), a data reduction takes place by means of vector formation and / or torque formation.
• 13. Use according to any one of items 11 and 12, characterized in that a plurality of images taken by the detector are stitched together to form an overall image which is compared with the desired brightness distribution to the positions of the individual images - and thus the position of the detector when taking the respective image - to determine the beam.
• 14. Use according to any one of items 11 to 13, characterized in that a correlation between each recorded by the detector image with the target brightness distribution is determined to determine the position of the detector with respect to the radiation beam.
• 15. Use according to item 14, characterized in that Fourier or Laplace transformations are used in the correlation determination.
• 16. Use according to any one of items 11 to 15, characterized in that from the size of a structure in the image by comparison with the target brightness distribution, the distance between the first measuring unit and the second measuring unit is estimated.
• 17. Use according to any one of items 11 to 16, characterized in that from the angular position of a structure in the image by comparison with the desired brightness distribution, a rotation between the first measuring unit and the second measuring unit is estimated.
• 18. Use according to any one of items 11 to 17, characterized in that, in the evaluation of the images taken by the detector, a series of the images taken by the detector is formed, which is subjected to an autocorrelation analysis.
• 19. Use according to any one of items 11 to 18, characterized in that in the evaluation of the images taken by the detector an error compensation calculation with respect to an expected displacement curve of the two measuring units is performed to each other.
• 20. Use according to any one of items 11 to 19, characterized in that programs and / or data used by the evaluation unit are provided on an external Internet server, preferably at a charge.
• 21. Use according to any one of items 11 to 20, characterized in that it is the first and / or second mechanical element is a machine element.
• 22. Use according to item 21, characterized in that it is the first machine element is a first shaft and the second machine element is a second shaft, wherein the first measuring unit for attachment to a peripheral surface of the first shaft and the second measuring unit for attachment to one Peripheral surface of the second shaft is formed, and wherein the evaluation of a plurality of sequentially recorded in different positions of the first and second measuring unit, the different rotational angular positions of the waves, taken pictures of the detector determines the alignment of the waves to each other.
• 23. Use according to claim 22, characterized in that the first and second measuring unit is displaced along the circumferential direction of the respective shaft.
• 24. Use according to item 21, characterized in that the first and second mechanical elements are parts of a common body.
• 25. Use according to item 24, characterized in that the device is used to determine the straightness of the body.
• 26. Use according to any one of items 11 to 25, characterized in that the detector is illuminated with less than 50% of the cross-sectional area of the beam at the position of the detector.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3320163 A1 [0004]
• DE 3911307 A1 [0004, 0041]
• DE 3335336 A1 [0005]
• DE 3814466 A1 [0006]
• WO 03/067187 A1 [0007]
• WO 00/28275 A1 [0008]
• EP 0962746 A2 [0009]
• DE 4041723 A1 [0011]
• WO 2010/042039 A1 [0012]
• EP 0543971 B1 [0013]
• DE 10327939 A1 [0051]

Claims (10)

Device for determining the position of two mechanical elements with each other, with a first measuring unit ( 18 ) for attachment to a first mechanical element ( 10 . 110 ), a second measuring unit ( 22 ) for attachment to a second mechanical element ( 14 . 110 ), as well as an evaluation unit ( 24 ), wherein the first measuring unit means ( 30 . 32 ) for generating a divergent beam with ( 28 ) has a predetermined target brightness distribution, the apparatus comprising a biaxial optical detector ( 34 ) as part of the first or the second measuring unit, wherein the evaluation unit is designed to detect from a comparison of at least one image recorded by the detector ( 36 ) with the desired brightness distribution ( 38 ) of the radiation beam to determine the position of the detector with respect to the beam in order to determine the position of the two measuring units to each other when the detector is illuminated only with a part of the cross-sectional area of the beam at the position of the detector. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the detector ( 34 . 134 ) along each of the two axes between 16 and 64 pixels. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the pixels have a size of 20 to 80 microns. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brightness distribution ( 38 ) of the beam ( 28 . 128 ) corresponds to a Gaussian profile or an annular profile. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means ( 30 . 32 . 130 . 132 ) for generating the beam ( 28 . 128 ) are a laser diode, in particular a multimode laser diode, VCSEL laser diode or a multi-beam laser diode, or LED's are. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means ( 30 . 32 . 130 . 132 ) for generating the beam ( 28 . 128 ) have a gray filter for producing an absorption pattern. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means ( 30 . 32 . 130 . 132 ) for generating the beam ( 28 . 128 ) comprise a refractive element for generating a refractive pattern and / or a diffractive element for producing a diffraction pattern. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means ( 30 . 32 . 130 . 132 ) for generating the beam ( 28 . 128 ) have a diffractive optical element. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the detector ( 34 . 134 ) has a spherical or cylindrical appearance ( 42 ) arranged upstream of the detector to adjust the apparent size of the detector with respect to the beam. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the optics ( 42 ) Forms part of the measuring unit ( 18 . 22 ), which the detector ( 34 . 134 ) having.

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